COST EFFECTIVE WELLSITE MANAGEMENT SUPPORT OF …efdsystems.org/pdf/Cost_Effective_Wellsite... · NGV penetration; • Phase 3 – Policy Consequences • Positive and negative repercussions

CENTER FOR AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH

COST EFFECTIVE WELLSITE MANAGEMENT SUPPORT OF ENERGY

ENVIRONMENTAL & REGULATORY ISSUES Environmentally Friendly Drilling Program

Workshop: Natural Gas Power for Shale Development September 5 2013

James Durand Director: CAR-TESS

car.osu.edu


Founded in 1991 as an interdisciplinary research center in the College of Engineering, located in a 50,000 square foot complex on the West Campus of The Ohio State University Advanced propulsion systems research facilities PHEV and HEV test beds CNG and H2 refueling stations Battery aging laboratory Battery thermal and electrochemical

characterization lab Energy storage systems lab

Engine combustion and flow research facilities Autonomous vehicle fleet V2V and vehicle autonomy laboratories

Dynamometer test cells Engine dynamometers (4) Light-duty chassis dynamometer 4WD heavy duty chassis dynamometer

Noise and Acoustics laboratories: 2 hemi-anechoic chambers (one with chassis dynamometer)

OVERVIEW


HUMAN RESOURCES

• 80 Graduate Students • 46 Student Assistants • 23 Visiting Scholars • 9 Primary Faculty • 22 Secondary Faculty • 17 Research Staff • 3 Post Doctoral Fellows • 6 Facility Support Staff • 7 Administrative Staff Total: 213 people

The center also provided facilities and support, in collaboration with the college and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department, for six student project teams consisting of over 200 active undergraduate students and 45 FIRST (robotics project) high school students.

TESTING, ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE SERVICES TESS

TESS GROUP OVERVIEW

car.osu.edu/facilities/tess


TESS OVERVIEW Goal: Apply CAR expertise using experienced professionals and world class facilities to solve transportation related problems. • Basic Services

– Engineering Analysis – Testing – Software Development – Policy Analysis – IP Development


• Current Status – $1M in annual revenues – Growing rapidly – 15 people engaged – Over 20 projects covering a large range of issues – Goal: grow to $4M in 5 years

TESS OVERVIEW


PROJECTS AND SERVICES



CNG VEHICLE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT Objective:

• to develop dedicated experimental, modeling, and simulation capabilities especially suited for NG Engines at CAR

Project Plan Year 1 (Ongoing)

• Literature and Technology Survey • Instrumentation of a dedicated CNG vehicle and setup in the

test cell • Design of experiments and execution of the experimental

plan Year 2

• Development of a 1-D model of the NG engine • Model based sensitivity study of engine parameters • Identification of pathways for engine optimization

Year 3 • Investigation of selected pathways for NG engine efficiency

optimization (boosting, direct injection, etc)


SIMPLE-FILL: HOME REFUELING FOR CNG VEHICLES Objective • to develop a transformative and potentially

disruptive compression technology based on the liquid piston concept

Status • Early stage of technical development • Completed a preliminary design and

thermodynamic analysis • Established spinoff company for

development and commercialization • Attracted initial funding for development • Actively searching for commercial/strategic

partners

Plan • Alpha prototype design, build and full

integration in the next 14 months • Beta prototype in the next 18 months with

following beta trials

2. LP Compression

4. HP Compression

3.Transfer Valve

1. Pump

5. Separator

6. Reservoir


FLEETCALC: A TOOL TO HELP RESHAPE OUR NATION’S VEHICLE FLEETS Objective • to develop a user-friendly web-based tool to assist fleet

managers/owners in technology sorting for new vehicles acquisitions

Unique Features • FleetCalc will be the first online tool to provide accurate

information on alternatives for fleet vehicles through simulated vehicle performance based on specific missions

Status • Completed comparison assessment of other fleet calculators • Surveyed and interviewed various stakeholders for needs and wants for

program • Developed initial economic analysis • Built initial web-based interface prototype • Developed preliminary framework for education component Current Funding Sources • Ohio State University Engagement Impact Grant


CNG SYSTEM FOR HD APPLICATION: MODELING AND ANALYSIS Objective • to develop a simulation tool that can

assist in the design and optimization of a CNG fueling system for HD truck applications

Needs Addressed • CAR TESS is providing research and

engineering support to a Ohio based start-up company specialized in CNG fueling systems for class 8 trucks

• CAR TESS is developing a simulation platform to help in the design and optimization of the current system

• Initial discussion also included CAR TESS providing testing services for validation/verification of fueling systems prototypes


ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF CNG

AND LNG FUELING SYSTEMS Objective • to develop a comprehensive

understanding of the CNG/LNG fueling systems currently available, their performance characteristics, and to assess potential for future technical development and system integration

Outline of the Study • Identification of Market Suppliers • Survey of Existing Systems in the

Market • Detailed Analysis of the Identified

Systems • Opportunities in the market


POTENTIALS AND BARRIERS OF CNG VEHICLES IN US Objective • To improve the understanding of the role that NG

can play as an alternative fuel for the transportation sector in US

Topics Covered • General energy landscape • State of technology of NG engines and vehicle

systems • NG Infrastructure and implications of increased use of

NG for transportation • Experience of other countries in using NG for

transportation

Main Achievements • Identified and analyzed potentials and barriers to CNG

vehicles adoption touching on technology readiness, infrastructure, market/consumer and policy

• Provided comparison with the relevant experiences of other countries

Current Funding Sources • CAR Industrial Consortium

Distribution of World Proven Reserves of NG

Spark Ignition

Otto Cycle

Pre-mixed

Mixer Multi-port Injection

Direct Injection

Compression Ignition

Diesel Cycle

Direct/ Indirect Injection

Mono Fuel

Glow plug ignition

Dual Fuel

Diesel Oil Pilot

Using NG in an Engine – Several Possibilities


EUROPEAN UNION MARKET ANALYSIS OF NG POWERED VEHICLES Objective • To improve the understanding of the European

Union market of CNG Vehicles

Topics Covered • CNG Production Vehicles in EU, comparative

assessment • Deep dive into CNG fueling system characteristics and

performance • Policy Framework, Incentives • Customer Perception and technology acceptance Main Achievements • Identified and analyzed EU market of CNG

vehicles with detailed performance and cost analysis of models available

• Identified and compared policy and incentive scenario

Current Funding Sources • CAR GasWorks Consortium

CNG Vehicles Sold in Italy 2012

Fiat Panda Bi-Fuel

47252

38782463

FIATOPELVOLKSWAGEN

VW Touran (7-Seater)


COMPREHENSIVE POLICY STUDY OF NG USE IN US TRANSPORTATION Objective • provide key information to inform industry and government of supply chain

& jobs at stake, policy needed to get what is desired, and how to avoid what is harmful

Project Phases • Phase 1 – CNG Landscape (Ongoing)

• Current supply chain and employment conditions, estimated business and job increases for different penetration levels of NGVs

• Phase 2 – Road Blocks to NGVs adoption • Policy initiatives that could overcome hurdles to achieve a particular level of

NGV penetration; • Phase 3 – Policy Consequences

• Positive and negative repercussions of following a particular policy path including estimates of increases in employment

Current Funding Sources • Phase 1 of the study funded at 50% • Seeking additional funding sources for further phases


Objective • Demonstrate a 25% FE improvement in EPA

City/Highway cycle for a demonstration vehicle (Chrysler minivan)

Critical Path for OSU • Powertrain thermal management and exhaust gas

waste heat recovery for engine and transmission oil rapid warm-up and advanced fluids temperature conditioning

• Ancillary load management for advanced fuel shut-off strategy and crankshaft energy harvesting;

• Overarching vehicle energy optimizer for displacing loads

Deliverables • Broad Literature and Technology Survey • Development, calibration and validation of vehicle

system models inclusive of methods and assumptions

• Experimental and simulation-based system analysis • Integrated supervisory energy manager

development for vehicle advanced thermal management and ancillary load control

SYSTEM LEVEL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR VEHICLE ANCILLARY

LOAD REDUCTION AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT

ENGINE TC/TRANSM VEHICLE

DYNAMICS

ACCESSORIES/ ELECTR. SYSTEM

T T

ω ω

T

Driver V

ω

VES

Vehicle Controls


WELLSITE APPLICATIONS



• Evaluation of Market Size • Regulatory Analysis • Analyze & Improve Existing Engine Technology • Wellsite Environmental Assessment • Develop Wellsite Analysis Tools • Comprehensive Support Package

APPLICATIONS TO WELLSITE MANAGEMENT


EVALUATION OF MARKET SIZE In 2011 the U.S. consumed a total of 97,770 trillion BTU

0.9%

2.1%

1.7%

0.5%

1.3%

0.1% 00%

01%

01%

02%

02%

03%

Agriculture Mining Costruction Rail Marine Power Gen

Perspective of Total Consumption 2011


EVALUATION OF MARKET SIZE

3.3% 4.2% 1.7%

12.5%

69.1%

0.5% 0.2%

8.5%

Mining Sector Energy Consumption 2011

Residual Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Motor Gasoline

Natural Gas

Lease and Plant Fuel

Steam Coal

Renewables

Purchased Electricity

The Mining sector consumed a total of 2,054 trillion Btu in 2011

Lease and Plant Fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations and as a fuel in natural gas processing plants. Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2013


• Conversion to Dual Fuel – Recertification required

• EPA Field Fix Memo – OEM can certify a conversion technology – Customer can apply tested technology in the field

REGULATORY ANALYSIS


• Analyze existing technologies – Determine effectiveness of conversion packages

• Work to improve performance – Conversion technologies – Assist OEMs in developing better engines

IMPROVE EXISTING ENGINE TECHNOLOGY


• Onsite testing of engine emissions • Regional testing • Dispersion modeling & prediction

WELLSITE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT


• WellsiteCalc – Simulation based using actual engine performance maps – Mission based with how the engine is really used – Accurately predict economic & environmental performance – Compare technologies and fuel types

• Optimize Energy Utilization – Utilize waste energy – Look for synergistic opportunities – Improve operating characteristics

DEVELOP WELLSITE ANALYSIS TOOLS


• Offer “One Stop” Shopping – Technical review – Regulatory evaluation – Economic & environmental evaluation – Field testing – File for regulatory certification

COMPREHENSIVE SUPPORT PACKAGE

THANKS! QUESTIONS?



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COST EFFECTIVE WELLSITE MANAGEMENT SUPPORT OF …efdsystems.org/pdf/Cost_Effective_Wellsite... · NGV penetration; • Phase 3 – Policy Consequences • Positive and negative repercussions