Upload
roger-smith
View
218
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Cost effective hydrogen transport and emissions
reductionAmanda Lyne Green Fleet Scotland 2015
“Hydrogen Miles TODAY”
• Direct replacement of hydrocarbon fuel with hydrogen
• Uses combustion technology (reduces technical risk and cost)• No need to change duty cycle • No range anxiety (diesel is always available when hydrogen is not)
• Wide range of vehicles possible NOW• Light Commercial vehicles• Mini buses• HGV• Agricultural vehicles
What is H2ICED™?
• Conversion of diesel engines to enables dual fuel operation incl.:• Tanks, pipework, engine control and safety
systems
• 180-270 miles range on hydrogen depending on how much is stored on board• The TRANSIT version gives 59g/km CO2 with
NOx EURO 5 or 6 (depending on the base vehicle)• Post registration VSO
Ultra Low Emission results (59g/km) for TRANSIT light commercial vehicle
ISO15550 Power & Torque
388 115
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Engine Speed (RPM)
Torq
ue (N
m)
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Pow
er (k
W)
Torque
Ford Torque
Power
Ford Power
Approx. 70% H2
Approx. 95% H2
Approx. 45% H2
Full ULEV capability
• The TRANSIT Range• Panel Vans, Luton and Flat bed • Medium and long wheel base• Rear wheel drive
• Mini Buses• 12-18 seat configurations• Mobility options incl. wheel chair lift
Ultra Low Emission Zone Enabled
35% improved energy efficiency in real world journey
Total day trip mileage of 85 miles in “ECO Mode” with average speed at 17.3 mph
• Actual data showed 46.2 miles/kg for Hydrogen alongside 103 mpg Diesel. Equivalent to 39mpg • Diesel only trip was 25.4 mpg• Total energy use = 4245 kJ/mi v Diesel
only 6593 kJ/mi
Gave 35% operational saving (attributed to speed limiter and more efficient use of energy)
“Supervisory Approach” for any diesel vehicle
• Determine options for amount of hydrogen on board storage• Assess duty cycle; identify key emission reduction requirement;
determine weight and space limitations• Estimate on board hydrogen storage capacity • Determine budget versus results requirement
• Design specific, safely engineered solution • One off design for vehicle type• One off engine calibration exercise
• Install “optimised for use” hydrogen system• Full ECU controlled system or supervisory
approach
• Supply VSO registered vehicle for use
Cost versus emission reduction
• All low carbon vehicles are “low volume” • EVEN battery EV and hybrids!
• Which generally means higher capital cost• Current fuel use does NOT pay for the environmental and health
costs• At best this is paid for through our national expenditure• How will the Air Quality fines be allocated?
• Low carbon can mean operational saving• Efficient fuel use• Alternative fuel use
• Lower local emissions
Introducing future opportunities: Route to delivering better than Stage 6 NOx for any diesel vehicle
City Driving Range
Hydrogen refuelling Infrastructure • Access to hydrogen refuelling
increasing over the next 18 months• Either through on-site depot
(back to base) investment for refuelling from renewables/delivered H2• “Mobile” refuelling • National or UK infrastructure
investments
Existing
2015
Current or Planned HRS Limited access
Ambition for a national network by 2020
UK H2 Mobility Phase 1 (65 stations)
© UK H2Mobility Project
In summary
• Hydrogen combustion hybrids: • Deliver SIGNFICANT carbon dioxide emission
reduction • Meets or exceed Air Quality emissions
• Proven technology (21 vans on the road in the UK) • Diesel is always available if H2 is not• Operational benefits
• Fuel use efficiency savings• LEZ enabled• Reduction of DPF issues in stop/start urban
drive cycles• No reduction of payload capacity needed