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7/26/2019 corteza Areas
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NEUROANATOMIA
A n i m a c i o n e s : D r. R e n z o R o s a l e s G u t i é
HEMISFERIOSCEREBRALES
Dr. Guillermo E. ReesGamonal
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!CLA"#RA $ DIS%OSICIO! DE LAS %RI!CI%ALES %AR"ES DEL E!
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ENCEFALOVISTA INFERIOR-BASAL)
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Cranial reference lines, craniometricpoints and cerebral sulci.Key!, Rolandic line"central sulcus #$reen line%&', pre(auricular"mandibular condylar lineorientated perpendicular to t)e infra(orbitomeatal line&
*, fronto+y$omatic"yl-ian line passin$from t)e fronto+y$omatic suture #!% to apoint /01 of t)e 2ay alon$ t)e nasion3inion midsa$ittal line&4, lateral sulcus"yl-ian fissure #red line%&0, nasion3inion midsa$ittal line&, lateral sulcus"yl-ian fissurealternati-e location #blue line% ali$nsanteriorly 2it) t)e anterior part of t)es5uamosal suture in a +one '.034.6 cm
anterior to t)e e7ternal acoustic meatus&/, line from t)e superior Rolandic point#$reen dot% to t)e midpoint of t)e+y$omatic arc)#!0, blue dot%&8, Reid9s baseline":ran;furt plane&<, infra(orbitomeatal line&!6 #$reen dot%, superior Rolandic point 'cm posterior to t)e midpoint oft)e nasion3inion line #at t)e 0*3001 pointof t)e nasion3inion line%&!! #yello2 dot%, inferior Rolandic point& !'#oran$e dot%, porion&!* #blac; dot%, orbitale&!4 #red dot%, auricular point&!0 #blue dot%, midpoint of+y$omatic arc)&! #pin; dot%, fronto+y$omatic suture&!/ #purple dot%,superior e7tent of t)e
parieto(occipital sulcus.
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Cerebral sulci, gyri andlobes. Key:!, Rolandic line"centralsulcus
#$reen line%&', pre(auricular"mandibularcondylar line orientatedperpendicular to t)e infra(orbitomeatal line&*, fronto+y$omatic"yl-ian linepassin$ from t)efronto+y$omatic suture #8% to a
point /01 of t)e 2ay alon$ t)enasion3inion midsa$ittal line&4, lateral sulcus"yl-ian fissure#red line%&0, nasion3inion midsa$ittal line& #$reen dot%, superior Rolandicpoint ' cm posterior to t)e
midpoint of t)e nasion3inion line#at t)e 0*3001 point of t)enasion3inion line%&/ #yello2 dot%, inferior Rolandicpoint&8 #pin; dot%, fronto+y$omaticsuture&< #purple dot%, superior e7tent
of t)e parieto(occipital sulcus
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Cranial suture &oints'(ontanelles an) )ural *enous
sinuses.+e:1, bregma (site of infant anteriorfontanee)!", s#$erior sagita sin#s% &ommon'eiates to t*e rig*t of t*e sagittas#t#re b' #$ to 11 mm (ba&+arros)!
, sagitta s#t#re% sits on t*e nasion.inion misagitta ine!/, &orona s#t#re!0, amba (site of infant $osteriorfontanee)!, inion% norma' sits beo an eftof t*e &on2#en&e of sin#ses an
beo t*e ee of t*e internao&&i$ita $rotr#beran&e!3, amboi s#t#re!4, asterion (site of infant$osteroatera mastoi fontanee)%sits oer (in 415), 6#st beo (in105) or 6#st aboe (in /5) t*etranserse.sigmoi sin#s 6#n&tion!
7, transerse sin#s% t*e ariabe&o#rse ma+es a&&#rate s#rfa&e
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EL SIS"EMA ,E!"RIC#LAR
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• &orte8a &erebra % :;3" m" e s#$er<&ie• =as gr#esa en as &ir&ono#&iones (&ima) ' mas egaa en e fono e
as &is#ras;• >esarroo a $artir e % es?&#a teen&ef@i&a• to mes % as ne#ronas &orti&aes &omien8an a formar &a$as
*ori8ontaes;• O6o % gr#esa en e @rea motora #e en e @rea is#a • 1:::: miones e ne#ronas • Es$esor &orti&a % 1,0 . /;0 mm
CADAS
I moe&#ar;II gran#ar eterna;
III $iramia eterna;IV gran#ar int;V $iramia int;VI m#tiforme;
Iso&orte *omoti$i&o % se eien&ia as &a$asIso&orte8 *eterot?$i&o %• ran#ar % Grea 13 ' / 13 % &onio&orte• Agran#ar % @rea / '
ALOCORTEHA• Ar#i$aio % Forma&ion *i$o&am$a ' &ir&onoentaa
• Daeo$aio % Ins#a anterior, ' area 4 &orte8a of1aria
=ESOCORTEHA• &ing#o ' @rea entorrina ' &ir&ono
I t i
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I% &a$a tangen&iaII % Ca$a is<brosa
III % Ca$a s#$raestriaaIV % Bana eterna e
Baenger
V % &a$a infraestriaa 'Bana interna e Baenger;VI% &a$a infraestriaa
I moe&#ar;II gran#ar eterna;
III $iramia eterna;IV gran#ar int;V $iramia int;
VI m#tiforme;
Bana eBaiangereterna en a&orte8a is#a Estr?a eennari
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élulas ner*iosas )e la corteza cere• CJ#as Diramiaes ( igantes e Bet8) 1:-0: #m ongit# ! B%
1": #m • CJ#a estreaa ( gran#osa ) forma $oigona 4#m iametro !
aon &orto • CJ#as f#siformes % % K mente en &a$as &orti&aes $rof#nas• CJ#as *ori8ontaes e Ramn ' Ca6a Mbi&aas en as &a$as s#$er<&iaes e a &orte8a Se #nen &on as enritas e as &J#as $iramiaes;
• CJ#as e =artinotti % $e#eas &J#as=#ti$oares ' esta #bi&aa en toos osNiees e a &orte8a
Los aones e as &J#asenriti&as ' f#siformes entrana a s#stan&ia ban&a &omo
<bras e $ro'e&&in, easo&ia&in o &omis#ra
Renzo Rosales Gutiérre
7/26/2019 corteza Areas
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Cis#ra e Roano(&entra)
Cis#ra e Siio(ori8onta)
S#r&o $re&entra ($reRo@ni&o)
S#r&o $ost&entra (DostRo@ni&o)
Cir&ono; Dre Roani&a ( Dre&entra )
Cir&ono; Dost Roani&a ( Dost&entra )
C i r & o n
) o # & F r o n
t a
s # $
C i r &
o n ) o
F r o n t a
m e ( i a
C i r &
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F r o
n t a
I n f e r i o
r
S#r&o frontas#$erior
#r&o fronta inferior
S#r&o intra$arieta
C i r & o n ) o
D a r i e t a i n f e r i o r
C i r & o n ) o
D a r i e t a s # $ e r i o r
S#r&o tem$ora s#$erior
S#r&o tem$ora inferior
C i r & o
n ) o #
& t e m
$ o r a
s # $ e
r i o r
C i r & o
n ) o #
& t e m
$ o r a
m e (
i a
C i r & o n ) o # & t e
m $ o r a i n f
e r i o r
Cis#ra $arietoo&&i$ita ieterna
Lb#oo&&i$ita
Es&ota#raDre O&&i$ita
Cis#ra&a&arina
S#r&o o&&i$itatranserso
R ;A n t
R;D
R;As&
DO$
DT
DOrb
OD
Renzo Rosales Gutiérre
Renzo Rosales Gutiérrez
• // /0 % @rea e• ":% Vision forma
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/ =otora $rimaria ! area 4 moimientos o&#ares sa&@i&os ! / $, &, $ &on#&ta&ontro mo o&#ar0 % Esterognosia ! @rea / O$Jr&#o $arieta #statia $rimaria3 % Vis#o-motora % $er&e$&in ! @rea ,1," somatosen&itia $rimaria
% Dre motora
$anea&ion mo
$raia ! @rea /3
$ensamiento, &ogni&ion' $anif&on#&ta
• //, /0 % @rea eBro&&a
• "",7 ' /: % @reae Perni&+e
• 4% Ofatoria 1aria
•
13
Vis#a 1aria• 14 Vis#a "aria isin $rof '&entra
• 17 Vis#a aria &oor; =o '
$rof
":% Vision forma• "1% Vision forma
• ""Area a#itia• /1A#itia 1aria
/" A#itia "aria
Renzo Rosales Gutiérrez
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Di&o e &#er$o &aoso
Roia e &#er$o&aoso
Tron&o e
&#er$o&aoso
Roete ( Es$enio ) e&#er$o &aoso
S#r&o $ara&entraCis#ra e Roano
S#r&o margina
#ra e &?ng#o ( &aoso margina)
Cis#ra $arietoo&&i$itainterna
Cis#raCa&ari
na
Lob#ioDara&entra
Estr?ame#ar e
t@amo
C i r&o n )o #& iL
n (e
C ? ng # o
Se$t#mDe#&i#m
Tr?gono ( Frni)
Ag#6ero e =onro ( interentri&#ar)
Comis#raanterior
Q#iasmaO$ti&o
i$<sis
Comis#ra*aben#ar '
&omis#ra$osterior
Cir &; S#b Caosa
C#a
DreC#a
Cir&on
Ling#a
MNCMS C i r &
o n )
D a r a * i $ o
& a m $ a
S#r&o
rinaRenzo Rosales Gutiérrez
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• ","/,","3 aso& imbi&a ! Grea / MNCMS• Area "0 % @rea Se$ta % "7,:,1,", emo&iones• Area 4 % Ofatoria 1aria ! 3 e&t#ra, *aba, $er&e$&in, isin()• Grea "4 Area ofatoria se&#naria @rea entorrina
Grea &ing#ar % "/ oor
Renzo Rosales Gutiérre
Ren o Rosales G tiérre
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=IREN >
S#r&o&ir&#ar
S#r&oCentra
iros&ortos
iros Largos
NSMLA % 1 , 1/ , 10, 1
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Dominancia Cere-ral• Cis#ras ' &ir&#no#&iones iJnti&as•
C#er$o &aoso ' &omis#ra anterior
transmite a informa&in a&erebro &ontraatera• REALIHACION >E CIERTAS ACTIVI>A>ES >estre8a man#a , $er&e$&in e eng#a6e ' e *aba ( emisferio
I8#iero ) > Der&e$&in es$a&ia , re&ono&imiento e as &aras ' a mUsi&a
(emisferio >ere&*o )
• 7:5 % >iestro emisferio I8#iero >ominante • 75 a#tos % emisferio i8#iero ominante $ara e eng#a6e
•
Leng#a6e e signos is#aes
emisferio I8#iero • Base genJti&a ! ma#ra&in &erebro tario en e seo mas&#ino Testosterona
• =a#ra&in tar?a e *emisferio i8#iero
Sg erstmann agnosia e eos ( in&a$a&ia $ara nombrar e
ienti<&ar &aa #no e eos ) ! agra<a ( in&a$a&ia $ara es&ribir )!a&a&#ia ' esorienta&ion i8#iera-ere&*a
Renzo Rosales Gutiérrez
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AREA SOMA"O SE!SI"I,A %RIMARIA '/ 0
=e&anorre&e$tores e
a $ie
Ta&to
Re&iben informa&in ere&e$tores sit#aos enestr#&t#ras $rof#nas%
mUs&#os, &@$s#asarti&#ar 'arti&#a&iones W$osi&in e miembros 'is&riminar ob6etos &on
a mano;
b
1
a"
Grea e Aso&ia&in Somatosensoria (0 ' 3)
Re&ibe im$#sos e @rea , 1 ' ", e T@amo ' otros&entros inferiores en&ef@i&os; S# f#n&in es integrar e inter$retar as sensa&iones; Est@ en rea&in a a esterognosia; >etermina a forma ' tet#ra e os ob6etos sin ero; Ama&enamiento e re&#eros e e$erien&ias
a
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Greas sensoriaes$rimarias
• Grea somatestJsi&a % ,1 ' "( tambiJn e ob#io $ara&entra )
• Grea is#a o estriaa Grea 13• Grea a#itia /1 ' /" (CT es&*)•
Grea g#statia % @rea / (OD)
Sistema e $ro'e&&intaamo&orti&aes
Grea somatestJsi&a $rimaria
(S I )
• Sensibiia genera, s#$er<&ia '$rof#na
• (*ist egaa) a % $rof#niaese a &is#ra &entra ' b $are $ost
&is#ra• 1 % &ima &ir&on $ost &entra , " % $are
$osterior &ir&on $ost &entra• Kria e ne#ronas son a&tiaas $or a
estim#a&in me&@ni&a;• E&itaas e manera SELECTIVA $or
os re&e$t e a $ie o te6ios$rof#nos ( 7:5 @rea " )
• a % re&ibe os im$#sos m#s&#ares atraJs e as aferen&ias e &om$e6oentrobasa
• Cara % m@s entra ==;II ob$ara&entra
T@amo&orti&aes N; VDL XVD=) Com$e6o entrobasa
O6o % estim#an a Ca$a IV( &a$a eterna e
Baenger )
SII % Bore s#$erior e bra8o$osterior C;Siio # o&#ta ens# interior
Renzo Rosales Gutiérrez
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LD
VDL&
VDLo
VL&
/
a
1
b
" 0
Renzo Rosales Gutiérrez
Cir&ono#&in $re&entra
Cir&ono#&in $ost&entra
NU&eos&erebeosos$rof#nos
roecciones tal1micas a la corteza sensoriom
Est?m#os$rof#nos
Lemnis&omeiaa&es
es$inota TrigJminota@mi&as
a % *#sos m#s&#ares"% Re&e$t $rof#nos
C#t@nea
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• Fibras &orti&of#gas • Ne#ronas &orti&oes$inaes
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2reas corticales motoras
Fibras &orti&of#gas f() motora ' amoi<&a&in e tonom#s&#ar ' a&tiiare2e6a
•
Originaas en as &a$as&orti&aes $rof#nas
• Ne#ronas &orti&oes$inaes $arte $rof#na &a$a V
• Ne#ronas &orti&o$rot#beran&iaes, b#bares 'r#bri&as Darte meia e a
Ca$a V• Corti&otaami&a Ca$a VI
1; A;=;$rimaria"; A;$re motora
; A;=;S#$ementaria
• Grea motora Drimaria % A&tiia motora o#ntaria• Grea $re motora % >e$ene e im$#sos sensoriaes• Mbi&ao en a &ara meia e ob fronta $ani<&a&in '
$rograma&in e as a&tiiaes motoras ' ta es en s#ini&ia&in
Renzo Rosales
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GREA =OTORA DRI=ARIA (/)(=1)• &om$rene a $or&in
anterior e ob#io
$ara&entra• Iso&orte *eterot?$i&oagran#ar
• Origen e *a8&orti&oes$ina (15)
• omUn&#o e $en<e •
Lesin % re&#$era&inenta e moimientos<nos
• Signo e Babins+i
GREA DRE =OTORA• Rea&ionaos &on os moimientos &on
$reia orienta&in sensoria• No $resenta &e#as gigantes e Bet8• Lesin % no $ro#&e $aresia ni *i$ertonia
GREA =OTORA SMDLE=ENTARIA(=")• O&#$a a &ara meia e a
&ir&#no#&in frontas#$erior
• Coorina&ion biman#a,moi<&a a $ost#ra, tonom#s&#ar
2reas corticales motoras
-a-les *3as ner*iosas in*olucra)as en la lectura )e una oraci4
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-a-les *3as ner*iosas in*olucra)as en la lectura )e una oraci4 su re5etici4n en *oz alta
B#boRa#?e
o
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Muc6as Gracias