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CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018

CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

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Page 1: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

CORR

UPTIO

NPE

RCEP

TIONS

INDE

X20

18

Page 2: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

This work is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0Transparency International 2019.

ISBN: 978-3-96076-084-9Printed on 100% recycled paper.

Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of January 2019.Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts.

Generous support for the Corruption Perceptions Index 2018 is provided by EY.

Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. Through more than 100 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we are leading the fight against corruption to turn this vision into reality.

#cpi2018www.transparency.org/cpi

Page 3: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

CORRUPTIONPERCEPTIONSINDEX 2018The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived levels of public sector corruption in 180 countries and territories. Drawing on 13 surveys of businesspeople and expert assessments, the index scores on a scale of zero (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).

The results paint a sadly familiar picture: more than two-thirds of countries score below 50, while the average score is just 43. Perhaps most disturbing is that the vast majority of countries assessed have made little to no progress. Only 20 have made significant progress in recent years.

As long as corruption continues to go largely unchecked, democracy is under threat around the world.

“Corruption chips away at democracy to produce a vicious cycle, where corruption undermines democratic institutions and, in turn, weak institutions are less able to control corruption,” said Patricia Moreira, managing director of Transparency International. “With many democratic institutions under threat across the globe – often by leaders with authoritarian or populist tendencies – we need to do more to strengthen checks and balances and protect citizens’ rights.”

Citizens demand transparency. Recent anti-corruption protests from Mongolia to Romania to Guatemala have made clear the public’s outrage with politicians’ abuse of office and attempts to limit their own accountability. Voters’ frustration with corruption has also reshaped the politics of several countries in the past few years. The leaders riding waves of discontent to positions of power must pay more than lip-service to anti-corruption; it should enter the DNA of their policies and reforms.

“Our research makes a clear link between having a healthy democracy and successfully fighting public sector corruption,” said Delia Ferreira Rubio, chair of Transparency International. “Corruption is much more likely to flourish where democratic foundations are weak and, as we have seen in many countries, where undemocratic and populist politicians capture democratic institutions and use them to their advantage.”

Page 4: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018

2

GLOB

AL A

NALY

SIS

88 Denmark 187 New Zealand 285 Finland 385 Singapore 385 Sweden 385 Switzerland 384 Norway 782 Netherlands 881 Canada 981 Luxembourg 980 Germany 1180 United Kingdom 1177 Australia 1376 Austria 1476 Hong Kong 1476 Iceland 1475 Belgium 1773 Estonia 1873 Ireland 1873 Japan 1872 France 2171 United States 2270 United Arab

Emirates23

70 Uruguay 2368 Barbados 25

SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK 53 Namibia 5252 Grenada 5352 Italy 5352 Oman 5351 Mauritius 5650 Slovakia 5749 Jordan 5849 Saudi Arabia 5848 Croatia 6047 Cuba 6147 Malaysia 6147 Romania 6146 Hungary 6446 Sao Tome

and Principe64

46 Vanuatu 6445 Greece 6745 Montenegro 6745 Senegal 6744 Belarus 7044 Jamaica 7044 Solomon Islands 7043 Morocco 7343 South Africa 7343 Suriname 7343 Tunisia 7342 Bulgaria 7741 Burkina Faso 78

180 COUNTRIES.180 SCORES.HOW DOESYOUR COUNTRYMEASURE UP?The perceived levels of public sector corruptionin 180 countries/territories around the world.

SCORE

0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-100 No data

Very Clean

Highly Corrupt

68 Bhutan 2567 Chile 2766 Seychelles 2865 Bahamas 2964 Portugal 3063 Brunei

Darussalam31

63 Taiwan 3162 Qatar 3361 Botswana 3461 Israel 3460 Poland 3660 Slovenia 3659 Cyprus 3859 Czech Republic 3859 Lithuania 3858 Georgia 4158 Latvia 4158 Saint Vincent and

the Grenadines41

58 Spain 4157 Cabo Verde 4557 Dominica 4557 Korea, South 4556 Costa Rica 4856 Rwanda 4855 Saint Lucia 5054 Malta 51

Page 5: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

GLOBAL ANALYSIS

3

41 Ghana 7841 India 7841 Kuwait 7841 Lesotho 7841 Trinidad

and Tobago78

41 Turkey 7840 Argentina 8540 Benin 8539 China 8739 Serbia 8738 Bosnia and

Herzegovina89

38 Indonesia 8938 Sri Lanka 8938 Swaziland 8937 Gambia 9337 Guyana 9337 Kosovo 9337 Macedonia 9337 Mongolia 9337 Panama 9336 Albania 9936 Bahrain 9936 Colombia 9936 Philippines 9936 Tanzania 9936 Thailand 99

35 Algeria 10535 Armenia 10535 Brazil 10535 Côte d’Ivoire 10535 Egypt 10535 El Salvador 10535 Peru 10535 Timor-Leste 10535 Zambia 10534 Ecuador 11434 Ethiopia 11434 Niger 11433 Moldova 11733 Pakistan 11733 Vietnam 11732 Liberia 12032 Malawi 12032 Mali 12032 Ukraine 12031 Djibouti 12431 Gabon 12431 Kazakhstan 12431 Maldives 12431 Nepal 12430 Dominican

Republic129

30 Sierra Leone 12930 Togo 129

29 Bolivia 13229 Honduras 13229 Kyrgyzstan 13229 Laos 13229 Myanmar 13229 Paraguay 13228 Guinea 13828 Iran 13828 Lebanon 13828 Mexico 13828 Papua

New Guinea138

28 Russia 13827 Comoros 14427 Guatemala 14427 Kenya 14427 Mauritania 14427 Nigeria 14426 Bangladesh 14926 Central African

Republic149

26 Uganda 14925 Azerbaijan 15225 Cameroon 15225 Madagascar 15225 Nicaragua 15225 Tajikistan 15224 Eritrea 157

23 Mozambique 15823 Uzbekistan 15822 Zimbabwe 16020 Cambodia 16120 Democratic

Republic of the Congo

161

20 Haiti 16120 Turkmenistan 16119 Angola 16519 Chad 16519 Congo 16518 Iraq 16818 Venezuela 16817 Burundi 17017 Libya 17016 Afghanistan 17216 Equatorial Guinea 17216 Guinea Bissau 17216 Sudan 17214 Korea, North 17614 Yemen 17613 South Sudan 17813 Syria 17810 Somalia 180

Page 6: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018

4

66/100

50/100 43/100

32/100AVERAGE REGIONAL SCORE AVERAGE REGIONAL SCORE

SINCE 2017 SINCE 2017

HIGHEST SCORING REGION LOWEST SCORING REGION

2/3 OF COUNTRIES SCORE BELOW

WESTERN EUROPE & EUROPEAN UNION

SUB-SAHARANAFRICA

THE AVERAGE COUNTRY SCORE IS

88/100

87/100

10/100

14/100

13/100

85/100

85/100

85/100

85/100

13/100

14/100

DENMARK

SINGAPORE

NEW ZEALAND

SOMALIA

SWEDEN

YEMEN

SOUTH SUDAN

FINLAND

SYRIA

SWITZERLAND

NORTH KOREA

0

01

04

02

05

03

06

0

GLOBAL AVERAGE

100

100

TOP COUNTRIES

BOTTOM COUNTRIES

176

179

177

180

178

06

Page 7: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

GLOBAL ANALYSIS

5

WESTERN EUROPE & EU

Average score

Top: Denmark (88/100)Bottom: Bulgaria (42/100)

MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICAAverage score

Top: United Arab Emirates (70/100)Bottom: Syria (13/100)

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAAverage score

Top: Seychelles (66/100)Bottom: Somalia (10/100)

EASTERN EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA

Average score

Top: Georgia (58/100)Bottom: Turkmenistan (20/100)

ASIA PACIFICAverage score

Top: New Zealand (87/100)Bottom: North Korea (14/100)

AMERICASAverage score

Top: Canada (81/100)Bottom: Venezuela (18/100)

44

39

66

35

44

32

20

16THE REMAINING COUNTRIES MADE LITTLE OR NO PROGRESS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN RECENT YEARS

COUNTRIESIMPROVED*

COUNTRIESDECREASED*

WITHIN THE LAST 7 YEARS:

RESULTS BY REGION

Including:

Including:

Since 2015

Since 2012

8

Since 2013

Since 2013

8

Since 2012

Since 2015

9

ARGENTINA

HUNGARY

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

MEXICO

GUYANA

MALTA

6 7 9

*In these six examples, we report the year between 2012 and 2018 from which the score change is statistically significant

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CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018

6

CORRUPTION AND THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY

Every dot in this graphic represents a country’s CPI score. The numbers in the circles represent the average CPI score for that political system.

TURKEY HUNGARY

-29 -16-8 -9CHANGE IN DEMOCRACY RATING 2012-2018

CHANGE IN DEMOCRACY RATING 2012-2018

CHANGE IN CPI SCORE 2012-2018

CHANGE IN CPI SCORE 2012-2018

Delia Ferreira Rubio, chair of Transparency International

* From Freedom HouseThe following countries have experienced a decline in both the health of their democracies* and control of corruption:

Beating corruption is crucial to healthy democracy. There are no full democracies that score below 50 on the CPI. Similarly, very few countries that have autocratic characteristics score higher than 50.

0FULL DEMOCRACY

CPI 2

018

DEMOCRACY INDEX 2018 (ECONOMIST INTELLIGENCE UNIT)

CORRUPTION UNDERMINES DEMOCRACY

FLAWED DEMOCRACY HYBRID REGIME

CPI SCORE CPI SCORE

AUTOCRATIC REGIME

25

50

75

100

41/100 46/100

“Our research makes a clear link between having a healthy democracy and successfully fighting public sector corruption. Corruption is much more likely to flourish where democratic foundations are weak and, as we have seen in many countries, where undemocratic and populist politicians capture democratic institutions and use them to their advantage.”

75

49

34 30

Page 9: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

7

REGIONAL ANALYSISAMERICAS

90 - 10080 - 8970 - 7960 - 6950 - 5940 - 4930 - 3920 - 2910 - 190 - 9No data

Highly Corrupt

Very Clean

2014 CPI Score

37 Guyana 9337 Panama 9336 Colombia 9935 Brazil 10535 El Salvador 10535 Peru 10534 Ecuador 11430 Dominican

Republic129

29 Bolivia 13229 Honduras 13229 Paraguay 13228 Mexico 13827 Guatemala 14425 Nicaragua 15220 Haiti 16118 Venezuela 168

81 Canada 971 United States 2270 Uruguay 2368 Barbados 2567 Chile 2765 Bahamas 2958 Saint Vincent and

the Grenadines41

57 Dominica 4556 Costa Rica 4855 Saint Lucia 5052 Grenada 5347 Cuba 6144 Jamaica 7043 Suriname 7341 Trinidad and

Tobago78

40 Argentina 85

SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK

44/100AVERAGE SCORE

The Americas region continues to fail in making any serious inroads against corruption. Populist leaders are transforming politics across the region, raising red flags through their treatment of the media, civil society and democratic institutions, all of which risk becoming less able to act as checks and balances against corruption.

The United States (US) dropped four points since last year to earn its lowest score on the CPI in seven years. This decline comes at a time when the US is experiencing threats to its system of checks and balances as well as an erosion of ethical norms at the highest levels of power.

COUNTRIES TO WATCH

Page 10: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018

8

ASIA PACIFIC

90 - 10080 - 8970 - 7960 - 6950 - 5940 - 4930 - 3920 - 2910 - 190 - 9No data

Highly Corrupt

Very Clean

2014 CPI Score

38 Sri Lanka 8937 Mongolia 9336 Philippines 9936 Thailand 9935 Timor-Leste 10533 Pakistan 11733 Vietnam 11731 Maldives 12431 Nepal 12429 Laos 13229 Myanmar 13228 Papua New Guinea 13826 Bangladesh 14920 Cambodia 16116 Afghanistan 17214 Korea, North 176

87 New Zealand 285 Singapore 377 Australia 1376 Hong Kong 1473 Japan 1868 Bhutan 2563 Brunei Darussalam 3163 Taiwan 3157 Korea, South 4547 Malaysia 6146 Vanuatu 6444 Solomon Islands 7041 India 7839 China 8738 Indonesia 89

SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK

44/100AVERAGE SCORE

The Asia Pacific region is stagnating in the fight against corruption. A lack of progress is unsurprising given the prevalence of weak democratic institutions, and a lack of laws and enforcement mechanisms, all of which typically contribute to higher rates of corruption. However, with two countries in the top 10, and two in the bottom 10, the region is highly diverse in its anti-corruption approach.

Massive public mobilisation against corruption and voter turnout resulted in new governments and anti-corruption reforms in India, Malaysia, the Maldives, and Pakistan. Despite these encouraging developments, we are yet to see how they translate into solid action, especially when it comes to combatting elusive forms of grand corruption.

COUNTRIES TO WATCH

Page 11: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

9

EASTERN EUROPE& CENTRAL ASIA

90 - 10080 - 8970 - 7960 - 6950 - 5940 - 4930 - 3920 - 2910 - 190 - 9No data

Highly Corrupt

Very Clean

2014 CPI Score58 Georgia 4145 Montenegro 6744 Belarus 7041 Turkey 7839 Serbia 8738 Bosnia and

Herzegovina89

37 Kosovo 9337 Macedonia 9336 Albania 9935 Armenia 10533 Moldova 11732 Ukraine 12031 Kazakhstan 12429 Kyrgyzstan 13228 Russia 13825 Azerbaijan 15225 Tajikistan 15223 Uzbekistan 15820 Turkmenistan 161

SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK

35/100AVERAGE SCORE

Eastern Europe and Central Asia is the second lowest scoring region in the index, head of Sub-Saharan Africa. With nearly every country scoring 45 or less out of 100, there has been very little progress in combatting corruption. A general lack of political will, weak institutions and few political rights create an environment where corruption flourishes with little opposition.

Armenia is expected to begin enacting anti-corruption reforms in 2019. Judicial reform should be at the top of the priority list; a proper separation of powers, as well as the appropriate checks and balances, will go a long way to ensuring these reforms are a success. The role of civil society is also crucial.

COUNTRIES TO WATCH

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CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018

10

90 - 10080 - 8970 - 7960 - 6950 - 5940 - 4930 - 3920 - 2910 - 190 - 9No data

Highly Corrupt

Very Clean

2014 CPI Score

41 Kuwait 7836 Bahrain 9935 Algeria 10535 Egypt 10528 Iran 13828 Lebanon 13818 Iraq 16817 Libya 17014 Yemen 17613 Syria 178

70 United Arab Emirates

23

62 Qatar 3361 Israel 3452 Oman 5349 Jordan 5849 Saudi Arabia 5843 Morocco 7343 Tunisia 73

SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK

MIDDLE EAST &NORTHERN AFRICA

39/100AVERAGE SCORE

The fight against corruption in the Middle East and Northern Africa remains grim. In a region where civil liberties continue to be under repressive state control and the social contract between states and their citizens has been broken for decades, it is no surprise that corruption remains stubbornly high. Leaders need to strengthen checks and balances, support citizens’ rights and deliver on anti-corruption commitments.

In Jordan, citizen protests helped unseat the prime minister, but the new government has yet to fulfil its anti-corruption commitments. Another challenge is the presence of influential actors blocking government attempts to advance anti-corruption. Looking ahead, the government should ensure financial and administrative independence of public institutions, and protect civil society and free speech.

COUNTRIES TO WATCH

Page 13: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

REGIONAL ANALYSIS

11

SUB-SAHARANAFRICA

32/100AVERAGE SCORE

90 - 10080 - 8970 - 7960 - 6950 - 5940 - 4930 - 3920 - 2910 - 190 - 9No data

Highly Corrupt

Very Clean

2014 CPI Score

Sub-Saharan Africa is the lowest scoring region on the index, and has failed to translate its anti-corruption commitments into any real progress. A region with stark political and socio-economic contrasts and longstanding challenges, many of its countries struggle with ineffective institutions and weak democratic values, which threaten anti-corruption efforts.

40 Benin 8538 Swaziland 8937 Gambia 9336 Tanzania 9935 Côte d’Ivoire 10535 Zambia 10534 Ethiopia 11434 Niger 11432 Liberia 12032 Malawi 12032 Mali 12031 Djibouti 12431 Gabon 12430 Sierra Leone 129

66 Seychelles 2861 Botswana 3457 Cabo Verde 4556 Rwanda 4853 Namibia 5251 Mauritius 5646 Sao Tome and

Principe64

45 Senegal 6743 South Africa 7341 Burkina Faso 7841 Ghana 7841 Lesotho 78

SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK 30 Togo 12928 Guinea 13827 Comoros 14427 Kenya 14427 Mauritania 14427 Nigeria 14426 Central African

Republic149

26 Uganda 14925 Cameroon 15225 Madagascar 15224 Eritrea 15723 Mozambique 15822 Zimbabwe 160

20 Democratic Republic of the Congo

161

19 Angola 16519 Chad 16519 Congo 16517 Burundi 17016 Equatorial Guinea 17216 Guinea Bissau 17216 Sudan 17213 South Sudan 17810 Somalia 180

Despite stagnation across the region, there are some promising political developments, particularly in Angola, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. In South Africa, citizen engagement and various official inquiries into corruption abuses are positive steps, while new leadership in Angola provides hope for anti-corruption reforms.

COUNTRIES TO WATCH

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CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018

12

WESTERN EUROPE& EU

90 - 10080 - 8970 - 7960 - 6950 - 5940 - 4930 - 3920 - 2910 - 190 - 9No data

Highly Corrupt

Very Clean

2014 CPI Score

64 Portugal 3060 Poland 3660 Slovenia 3659 Cyprus 3859 Czech Republic 3859 Lithuania 3858 Latvia 4158 Spain 4154 Malta 5152 Italy 5350 Slovakia 5748 Croatia 6047 Romania 6146 Hungary 6445 Greece 6742 Bulgaria 77

88 Denmark 185 Finland 385 Sweden 385 Switzerland 384 Norway 782 Netherlands 881 Luxembourg 980 Germany 1180 United Kingdom 1176 Austria 1476 Iceland 1475 Belgium 1773 Estonia 1873 Ireland 1872 France 21

SCORE COUNTRY/TERRITORY RANK

66/100AVERAGE SCORE

While Western Europe and the European Union are doing better than other parts of the globe, they still have a long way to go to tackle corruption effectively. A lack of prioritising anti-corruption reforms alongside rising populist rhetoric combine with weakening democratic institutions in many countries to make a strong case for renewed efforts.

The Czech Republic has been steadily improving its CPI score since 2014, but events in the past year suggest gains may be fragile. The prime minister has been found guilty of conflict of interest in relation to his media holdings. He has also been accused of conflict of interest over connections to a company which has received millions of euros in EU subsidies.

COUNTRIES TO WATCH

Page 15: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

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Page 16: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX - transparency.org · CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2018 The 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index, published by Transparency International, measures the perceived

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