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8/9/2019 Corrosion Resistant
1/57
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
TABLE 5.1: ALUMINUM ALLOY-ALCOA
Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbon Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide
on Aluminum Alloys and Mild Steel
I
Calculated Volume of Metal bee
ln.~/in.~/yr.~
ALLOY
1 Aqueous Solutions
1
Moist Vapors
HYDROGEN SULFIDE-% HOURS
2SH14 Aluminum
.................
3SH14 Aluminum .................
Mild Steel
........................
:i%:
:Ef
.0117
,.0204
CARBON DIOXIDE-96 HOURS
2SH14 Aluminum.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3S-H14 Aluminum.. . . . . . .
..; . . . . . . 1
Mild Steel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SULFUR DIOXIDE-32 HOURS
2SH14 Aluminum .................
3S-H14 Aluminum .................
Mild Steel
........................
.0337
:E .0511
45.oooos .5080
NOTES: * Specimens .064 x .36 r 1.2 exposed to distilled water satur-
ated with gas and also the gas saturated with moisture at room temperature.
Daily cycle involved bubbling gas into water at 3 liters per hour for 8 hours
and sealing the system off for 16 hours:
s Test terminated after one hour because of rapid attack of metal.
Resistance of Alumtnum Alloy 35 to Solid Chemicals
Under Conditions of Hlgh Humldlty
Non-Comoeire
I
Border Line
I
Gxroeive
Ammonium dichromate
Ammonium molybdate
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium sulfate
Barium carbonate
Barium chloride
Barium nitrate
Borax
Boric acid
Calcium oxide
Chromium trioxide
Citric acid
Potassium thiocyanate
Sodium acetate
Sodium aluminum fluoride
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chloride
Sodium nitrate
Sodium sulfate
Triphenyl phosphate
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium fluoride
Copper sulfate
ox&
Ma rgt12 chloride
Aluminum chloride
Calcjum chlpride
Fom&ichlhlrlde
rmanganate
Sodium car
E
nate
Sodium
fluoride
Aluminum with 1.2% Mn.
NOTES: I Shallow
2
diameter impact extruded containers of aluminum alloy 3s.
s Chemicals placed in containers as a thin (rf) layer and as scattered aomll mounds.
s Containerr exposed to an atmosphere having a relative humidity of approximately 100% et
room temperature for one
month.
609
8/9/2019 Corrosion Resistant
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610
Corros ion Resistant Materials Handbook
TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION
CORROSION RATE UNITS: The most commonly
accepted unit for expressing the rate of
corrosion
of a
metal is mils
per year, abbreviated mpy. One mil is
equal to 0.001.
Resistant = less than 1 mpy attack
Mild action = l-5 mpy attack
Moderate action = 5-20 mpy attack
Corrosive or corroded by = greater than 20 mpy
A
AL
ABIETIC ACID. Cz0H,,,02. Abietic acid has been
handled extensively in aluminum alloy equipment.
See also Ref: (1) p. 124, (2) p. 274, (3) p. 132,
(7) p. 3.
ACETALDEHYDE. CH,.CHO. In laboratory
tests, 1100 alloy was resistant to aqueous rolutions
of 0.1% to 100% acetaidehyde. Acetaldehyde has
been produced and handled in aluminum alloy tub-
ing. heat exchangers, stills, tankage and shipping
drums. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. I. (3) p. 120,
(4) p. 73. (7) p. 3.
ACETANILIDE. CH,.CO.NH.C,H,. Acetanilide
has been produced in aluminum alloyquipment in-
cluding tanks. pipes, valves, pumps, refiux con-
densers, vapor lines, heating coils, evaporators and
reaction vessels. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (3) p. 147 .
(7) p. 3.
ACETIC ACID. CHJ.COOH. The effect of acetic
acid on aluminum changes markedly with acid con-
centration and temperature.
The rate of corrosion is low when
exposed to acetic acid at all concentrations up to an-
hydrous glacial acetic acid below 50C (IZZ?F); at
the boiling temperature of the acetic acid, alumi-
num is corroded in solutions up to about 90% con-
centration of the acid. when the attack falls off rap-
idly to less than 5 mils per year and the rate remains
at that level until the anhydrous condition ap-
proaches. The corrosion rate of aluminum in glacial
acetlc acid. uhich normally contains 0. I to 0.2%
water. does not increase with temperature. Boiling
anhydrous acetic acid is very corrosive to aluminum.
Removal of the last trace of water increases the cor-
rosion rate one hundred fold, while conversely the
addition of 0.05% water stops the action. Alumi-
num has been used extensively in the manufacture
of acetic acid, in its storage and handling. and in
process equipment where acetic acid is one of the
raw materials. In the manufacture of acetic acid
from wood. the following aluminum alloys have
been used: for storage tanks. alloys 1100. 3003,
5083. SOSZ: for stills, alloys 3003. 5052, hU61: for
condensers. alloys 3003. 5052. 6061; for piping, al-
loys 1100. 3003. 6061; for ulves and fittings. alloys
356.0. 514.0; and for manholes. etc.. alloy
356.0. Alloys 1100.3003,5154, and 5052 have been
the most commonly used for tanks and tank cars for
storage of pure glacial acetic acid solutions at nor-
mnl temperatures. Aluminum alloys have been bed
extensively in the textile industry for itorape fxilt-
ties for xstic acid solutions down to 80% ioncen-
trations. although they are not recommended to
rtore acid of Ins than 90% concentratism. Some
tank failures have been reported by the textile in-
dustry in the storage of 80-84% acetic acid rolu-
tions. Susceptibility of aluminum alloys to corrosive
attack in acetic acid solutions is increased greatly by
inorganic halides or reducing acids and reducing or-
ganic acids, esters and aldehydes normally encoun-
tered in the production and use of acetic acid. The
presence of formic acid should be avoided. Potas-
sium sulfate and bromide have no influence at or-
mal temperatures. but accelerate attack at elevated
temperatures. Aluminum acetylation equtpment
has been used I the cellulose acetate iwintry.
Many large crornge tanks. tank can and shipping
drums have been tired for handling acetic acid.
See ~1s Ref: (I) p. 124. 12) pp. 3,
4. (3) pp. 21. 121. 136. 127. (4) pp. 22. 23. 24. 25,
27. 28. 29, 30. 31. 34. 61. h2. 64. 92, 1 I. (01 p. 20.
(7, p. 3.
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE. (CH,,CO):O. In limited
laboratory tests. acetic snhydride caused moderate
(I3 mpy) attack of 3003 alloy at IOOC (212F). in
other tests, acetic anhydride caused mild attack of
II00 alloy at ambient temperature and at 50C
(122F). Acetic anhydride had mild action (-5
mpy) at the boiling point. Aluminum
and Its alloys have been used for heat exchangers,
reaction vessels, piping, storagetanks, drums and
tank cars for handling acetic anhydride. Alloy
A356.0 valves have been used for handling acetic
anhydride. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. 13. (3) p.
128, (7) p. 5.
ACETONE. CH.CO.CHJ. Aluminum and AI-.Mg
alloys are resistant to acetone in laboratory tests at
all temperatures. Aluminum has been used with ac-
etone for piping, (tills. heat exchangers and storage.
Mild corroGon has been reported in an aluminum
rtorage tJ.nk for redistilled acetone. Alloy 356.0
va ~es have been used for handlmg acetone. See also
Ref: (I) p. 124. (2) p. 17. (3) pp. 121, 242. (7) p. 5.
ACETONITRILE. CH,.CN. Alloy 3003 was resist-
ant to acetonitrile at 100C (212F) in laboratory
beaker tests. See also Ref: (3) p. 142. (5) p. 9.
ACETOPHENONE, ORTHOHYDROXY.
CH,COC,H,OH. Limited laboratory tests indicated
that acetophenone was mildly corrosive to 3003 alloy
under refluxing or boiling and condensing condi-
tions. See also Ref: (1) p. 124, (2) p. 20. (3) p. 121 .
(7) p. 7.
p-ACETOTOLUIDIDE. CH,CONHC,H&H,.
Acetotoluidide has been distilled and handled in
aluminum alloy equipment. See also Ref: (3) p. 144.
(7) p. 7.
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID.
CH,.CO.OC,H,COOH. In the production of ace-
tylsalicylic acid, the raw materials, acetic anhydride
and salicylic acid, and the final product have been
handled in aluminum alloy storage tanks. piping
and reaction vessels. See also Ref: (2) p. 26, (3) p.
130. (5) p. 9. (7) p. 7.
ACONITIC ACID. C,H,(COOH),. In limited labo-
ratory tests, aqueous solutions of aconitic acid
(0.25% to 50%) caused moderate attack (-6 mpy)
of 3003 alloy at IOOC (212F). See also Ref: (10) p.
77.
ACROLEIN. CH?: CHCHO.
Aluminum
alloy
equipment has been used in the manufacture and
shipment of acrolein. See also Ref: (I) p. 124. (3) p.
120.
ACRYLIC ACID. CH?:CHCOOH. Alloys 3003.
SOSZ. and 5454 were resistant to glacial acrylic acld
at ambient conditions. Glacial acrylic Acid has been
shipped in aluminum alloy drums. See also Ref: (I)
p. 124. (3) p. 128. (5) p. 9. (7) p. 7.
ACRYLONITRILE. CH?:CHCN. In laboratory
tests. alloy 3003 uu resistant to acrylonltrilr. acry-
lonitrile saturated uith water and water raturated
with acrylonitrile at room temperature and u hen ex-
posed to boiling acrylonitrile. Aluminum alloy in-
dustrial equipment has been used for the prodoc-
tion and shipment of acrylonitrile and ~15 in
further transforming it into acr)lonitr le fiber. See
also Ref: (I, p. 124. (3) pp. 112. 233. (1 p. -.
ADIPIC ACID. HO,C(CHz)KO H. ln iclborntory
tests, adiplc acid in 20% nod SOW,> oncentrations
caused mild attack of alloy 3003. The acid and its
salts have been piped, rhipped and stored m Jlumi-
urn. See also Ref: (3) p. 130. () p. 7.
AEROSOLS. A generic term applied to pxkc of
various liquid products under pressure. .ilum~num
alloy cans have been used to package aerosol formu-
lations. See also Ref: (3) pp. I IO. 239.
ALDOL. CH,.CH(OH).CH2.CH0. In laboratory
rests. 3003 and 1100 alloys were resistanr to aldol at
100C (212F) but at the boiling point alloy 3003
was mildly a ttacked (4 mpy). Aldol has been han-
dled and shipped in aluminum alloy containers. See
also Ref: (3) p. 121.
ALKALINE SOLUTIONS. Alkaline solutions gen-
erally have some action on aluminum alloys. The
pH of these solutions alone is not a reliable indicator
of the performance of aluminum alloys. Usually.
weak bases such as ammonium hydroxide, hex-
amine, alkanolamines and their aqueous solutions
can be handled in aluminum because a protective
film forms on aluminum after an initial period of
reaction. Solutions made alkaline by hydrolysis of
basic salts such as sodium carbonate form protec-
tive films on AI-Mg alloys containing 3.5% or more
magnesium. Strong bases such as sodium hydroxide
and potassium hydroxide dissolved in water are very
corrosive and should not be handled in aluminum.
See also Ref: (4) pp. 35. 37.
ALKYL SODIUM SULFATE. RSO,Na. Alkyl so-
dium sulfates have been stored in aluminum alloy
containers. See also Ref: (3) p. 246.
ALLYL ALCOHOL. CH>:CHCH?OH. In labora-
tory tests under refluxing conditions. 3003 alloy was
resistant to ally1 alcohol. See also Ref: (3) pp. 22.
114. (5) p. 10. (7) p. 9.
(continued)
8/9/2019 Corrosion Resistant
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Nonferrous Metals and Al loys
611
TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (continued)
ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE. CH,:CHCH,NCS.
Aluminum alloy columns and condensers have been
used lo the production of all)1 isothiocyanate. See
also Ref: (3) p. 138.
ALUMINA. AI?O,. Alumina has been stored in
aluminum alloy containers and shipped in alumi-
num alloy railroad cars. See also Ref: (3) p, 77. (4)
p. 5.
ALUMINUM ACETATE. AI,C~H,OzlI. In limited
laboratory tests. aqueous solutions of aluminum ac-
etate (0.2Svn to 25%) cauwd mild attack ( - 3mpy)
of alloy 3003 at ambient temperature. ,Aluminum
alloy equipment has been used in the manufacture
of aluminum acetate. See also Ref: (I) p, 124, (3) p.
78. 15) p. IO. () p. 9.
ALUMINUM AMMONIUM SULFATE.
AINH,,SO,):. I2 H O. Laboratory tests \howed that
dlloys 3003 md 5154 were re*i(tdnt to solId alumi-
num an?nwnlum \ulfare under conditions of 100%
relat~w humidity at amtvent temperature.
ALUMINUM BORATE. 2 AI>O,.B,OJ.~ HKJ.
Laboratory tests showed that alloys 3003 and 5154
were resistant to solid aluminum borate under con-
ditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient tem-
perature.
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE. AICI,. Anhydrous alu-
minum chloride has been stored and transported in
aluminum alloy containers. Moist aluminum chlo-
ride and aluminum chloride solutions are vety COP
rosive to aluminum alloys. The severity of attack de-
pends upon the quantity of free hydrochloric acid
produced by hydrolysis and on the temperature. See
also Ref: (I) p. 125. (2) p. 37. (3) p. 77. (7) p. 11.
ALUMINUM FLUORIDE. AIF,. Laboratory tests
showed that alloys 3003 and 5154 were reSStant to
solid aluminum fluoride under conditions of 100%
relative humidity at ambient temperature. Alumi-
num fluoride solutions are corrosive to aluminum.
See also~Ref: (3) p. 77, (7) p. 1 I.
ALUMINUM FORMATE. AI(HC02),. Labora-
tory tests indicated that 1% and IO% solutions of
aluminum formate caused highly localized attack of
alloy 1100 at ambient temperature. However, alu-
minum equipment has been used successfully in the
production of aluminum formate. See also Ref: (I)
p. 125, (3) p. 78.
ALUMINUM NITRATE. AI(N0,),.9 H*O. Solid
aluminum nitrate was corrosive (50 mpy) to 3003
and 5154 alloys in laboratory tests conducted under
conditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient
temperature. Aluminum nitrate has been stored
and shipped in aluminum alloy containers. See also
Ref: (I) p. 125, (3) p. 78. (7) p. 11.
ALUMINUM OXALATE. AIJ(C?OJ),.H~O. Labo-
ratory tests indicated that alloys 3003 and 5154 were
resistant to solid aluminum oxalate under condi-
tions of 100% relative humidity at ambient temper-
ature.
ALUMINUM STEARATE. AI(C,,HJ5.02),. Labo-
ratory tests indicated that alloys 3003 and 5154 wre
resistant to solid aluminum rtearate under condi-
tions of 100% relative humidity at ambient temper-
ature.
ALUMINUM SULFATE. Al?(SO,),. 18 H>O. Lab-
oratory tests showed that alloys 3003 and 5154 were
rewtant to solid aluminum sulfate under conditions
of 100% te ative humidity at ambient temperature.
Laboratory tests made in aqueous solutions indi.
cated mild action on alloy 1100 by solutions of .Ol%
to 25% aluminum sulfate. Aluminum piping has
been used fur aluminum sulfate solutions in the pa-
per industry. Alloy 356.0 valves have been used for
handling aluminum sulfate solutions. See also Ref:
(1) p. 125, (2) p. 42. (3) p. 77, (7) p. Il.
ALUMINUM TABTRATE. AIJ(CIHIO,),. Labo-
ratory tests indicated that alloys 3003 and 5154 were
resistant to solid aluminum tartrate under condi-
tions of 100% relative humidity at ambient temper-
ature.
2-AMINOETHANOL. NHzCHICHzOH. See mo-
noethanolamine. See also Ref: (3) p. 145.
AMINOETIIYLETHANOLAMINE.
NH,CH,CH~NHCH,CH,OH. In laboratory tests,
3003 alloy was resistant to aminoethylethanolamine
at temperatures from ambient to 204OC (40f~F). In
other laboratory tests under refluxing conditions,
aminoethylethanolamine was very corrosive to alloy
3003. Aluminum alloy tanks have been used to store
aminoethylethanolamine. See also Ref: (7) pp. 12,
13.
AMMONIA. NH,. (See also ammonium hydrox-
ide) In laboratory tests. 1100, 3003 and other cop-
per free aluminum alloys have been found to be re-
sistant to dry, gaseous ammonia even at elevated
temperatures. Alloys 1100 and 3003 were also resist-
ant to pure anhydrous liquid ammonia but contami-
nants can result in pitting of the metal. In dilute
ammonia solutions (up to - 10%) the initial rate of
attack is controlled by diffusion of OH- ions to the
aluminum surface and is a function of pH. Passiva-
tion of the aluminum surface occurs when a critical
amount of corrosion product builds up at the alumi-
num surface forming a protective film. If solution
saturation of soluble corrosion product is relieved
before passivation. film formation may not occur. A
careful analysis of exposure conditions is required in
using aluminum alloys in dilute ammonia. Alumi-
num alloys have been used in refrigeration systems
handling liquid ammonia containing up to 5% wa-
ter and in producing synthetic ammonia. Alumi-
num alloy compressors. heat exchangers. evapora-
tors. condensers. and piping have been used in
producing ammonia. Aluminum alloy pressure ves-
sels have been used for storing and tranrponing am-
monia. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide have
been used to inhibit corrosion under condensing
conditions. See Ref: (1) p. 125. (2) p. 46, (3) pp. 43,
S8. 61. 223, (7) p. 14.
AMMONIUM ACETATE. CH,COONH,. Solid
ammonium acetate caused mild attack ( - 3 mpy) of
alloys 3003 and 5154 in laboratory tests conducted
under conditions of 100% relative hunvdiry at am-
bient temperature. In other laboratory tests. I, 5
and 10% solutions of ammonium acetate at ambi-
ent temperature caused mild attack of 3003 alloy
while the alloy was resistant to concentrated solu-
tions. Dry ammonium acetate has been stored and
transported in aluminum alloy containers. See also
Ref: (1) p. 125, (3) p. 71. (5) p. 11. (7) p. 1.5.
AMMONIUM BICARBONATE. NH,HCO,. Alu-
minum alloy equipment has been used in the pro-
duction of ammonium bicarbonate. See also Ref:
(1) p. 125. (3) p. 67. (5) p. 11. (7) p. 15.
AMMONIUM CARBAMATE. NHzCOO.NH,.
Ammonium carbamate has been produced and
handled in aluminum alloy equipment, including
tanks, piping and subliming equipment. See also
Ref: (1) p. 125, (3) p. 68.
AMMONIUM CARBONATE. (NH,)&O,. Solid
ammonium carbonate caused mild attack (-2
mpy) on 5154 alloy Hhile 3003 alloy was resistant to
solid ammonium carbonate in laboratory tests con-
ducted under conditions of 100% relative humidity
at ambient temperature. Other laboratory tests in-
dicated that alloy 3003 was resistant to 1%. 5% and
50% aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate.
Aluminum alloy storage tanks and piping have been
used for handling ammonium carbonate. See also
Ref: (I) p. 125, (3) p. 67. (7) p. 15.
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE. NH,CI. In laboratory
tests at ambient temperature, aqueous solutions (up
to 20%) of ammonium chloride caused mild attack
( - 3 mpy) on 1100 alloy with localized pitting occur-
ring at all concentrations. Solid ammonium chlo-
ride resulted in moderate attack ( - 6 mpy) on alloy
3003 in other laboratory tests under conditions of
100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.
Concentrated solutions of ammonium chloride at
the boiling point are very corrosive. See also Ref: (I)
p. 125. (2) p. 50. (3) p. 62. (7) p. 15.
AMMONIUM DICHROMATE. (NH,)&r?O-. Al-
loy 3003 was resistanr to solid ammonium dichro-
mate in laboratory tests under conditions of 100%
relative humidity at ambient temperature. Similar
results were obtained in other laboratory tests in-
volving aqueous solutions (up to IO%) of ammo-
nium dichromate at ambient :empcrature. See alto
Ref: (I) p. 125. (3) p. 0. (71 p. 17.
AMMONIUM FLUORIDE. NH,F. In laboratory
tests, solid ammonium fluoride caused mild attack
(-3 mpg) of alloy 3003 under conditions of 100%
relative humidity at ambient temperature. In other
laboratory tests. 505 solutions of ammonium fluo-
ride uere very corrwi\e co alloy 3003 dt 93C
(ZOOF), but at ambient temperature. II00 alloy
was resistant to solutions of 10% to 25%. See also
Ref: (I) p. 125. (3) p. 63. (7) p. 17.
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. NH,OH. In labora-
tory tests, ammonium hydroxide solutions have a
rapid initial reaction on aluminum alloys which de-
creased dramatically as concentration and pH in-
crease . The rate of attack of dilute ammonium hy
droxide solutions was moderate ( - 6 mpy) for 1100
alloy but decreased to less than 1 mpy when the con-
centration reached 10 N. Similarly, the rate was
mild (- 2 mpy) as the pH of the solutions reached
13. These decreases have been attributed to film for-
mation on aluminum alloys which has been pro-
moted by pre-saturation of the solution with alumi-
num. It has also been retarded or prevented by the
presence of precipitation resulting from over satura-
tion. Alumin~lm alloys have been used in processing
equipment. including pressure vessels, piping. stor-
age tanks and tank cars. See also Ref: (I) p. 125. (3)
pp. 43, 58. 61. (4) pp. 34. 35. 36, 37. 69 (7) p. 17.
AMMONIUM IODIDE. NHJ. Solid ammonium
iodide caused mild attack (- 2 mpy) of 3003 alloy
and mild attack (-4 mpy) with blistering of alloy
5154 in laboratory tests conducted under conditions
of 100% relative hun idity at ambient temperature.
See also. Ref: (3) p. 63.
AMMONIUM LACTATE. NH,C,HjO,. In labora-
tory tests at amb;ent temperature. 30% and 30%
aqueous solutiors of ammonium lactate caused
mild attack ( - 5mpy) on alloy 3003. while at boiling
temperature. 30% solutions were very corrosive. See
also Ref: (3) p. 71.
AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE. (NHJzMoO,. Al-
loy 3003 was resistant to solid ammonium molyb-
date in laboratory tests conducted under conditions
of 100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.
See also Ref: (7) pp. 16, 17.
AMMONIUM NITRATE. NH,NO,. See also AM-
MONIUM NITRATE (AMMONIATED). In labo-
ratory tests. alloy 3003 was found to be resistant to
(continued)
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Corrosion Resistant
Materials Handbook
TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (continued)
dry ammonium nitrate at ambient temperature and
to aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate at ambi-
znt and elevated temperatures (up to 18OF). Am-
monium nitrate solutions used mainly for fertilizers,
have been produced. piped and stored in aluminum
alloy tank cars in concentrations up to 83% by
weight and at rempcratures up to 12 I C (250F). In
the hot 83% solution. corrosion can be stimulated
particularly at welds by the presence of Free nitric
acid. To avoid this, the pH of the hot solution
should be maintained above 6 and rhe solutigln agi-
tated to maintain d uniform pH. Welded 3003 alloy
is more tolerant of these acidic conditions and has
been used For tank bottoms and piping. Mercury
contamination can also be a serious problem in am-
monium nitrate service and must be avoided. Roof-
ing, siding, and prilling towers have been used in
ammonium nitrate plants. See also Ref: (1) p. 125.
(2) p. 55. (3) p. 66. (7) p. 17.
AMMONIUM NITRATE (AMMONIATED).
Ammoniated solutions of ammonium nitrate have
been shipped, stored, and handled in aluminum al-
loyequipment. See also Ref: (1) p. 125. (2) p. 55. (3)
p. 66.
AMMONIUM OXALATE. (NH&C20,.Hz0. So-
lid ammonium oxalate caused mild attack ( - 2
mpy) of 3003 alloy in laboratory tests conducted un-
der conditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient
temperature. In other laboratory tests, 1% solution
of ammonium oxalate at ambient temperature
caused mild attack ( -3 mpy) and 4% solution was
corrosive to alloy 3003; while at the boiling tempera-
ture. 1% solution was very corrosive. See also Ref:
(I) p. 125. (3) p. 71. (7) p. 17.
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE. NH,CIO,. Alu-
minum alloy equipment has been used For produc-
ing and handling ammonium perchlorate. See also
Ref: (3) p. 63, (7) p. 17.
A,MMONlUM PERSULFATE. (NH,),StOn. Al-
loys 3003 and 5154 were resistant to solid ammo-
nium persulfate in laboratory tests conducted under
conditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient
temperature. See also Ref: (I) p. 125. (2) p. 58, (3)
p. b5. (7) p. 17.
AMMONlUM PHOSPHATE.
Monobasic NH,H,PO,. Dibasic (NH&HPO+ The
action of ammonium phosphates on aluminum is a
Function of both the concentration and the tempera-
ture. Solutions of the monobasic salt are less corro-
sive than are solutions of the dibasic salt and the
rate of attack decreases with time. Laboratory tests
showed that solutions of the monobasic salt up to
28% caused moderate attack (- 10 mpy) on alloy
3003. Solutions of the diammonium talt are corro-
sive to aluminum alloys and should not be used with
aluminum equipment unless inhibitors are em-
ployed. See also Ref: (I) p. 125. (2) p. 60.
AMMONIUM SULFAMATE.
NH,SO,NHz. Lab-
oratory tests indicated that II00 alloy was resistant
to aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfamate at
ambient temperature. See also Ref: (7) pp. 17 . 18.
AM,MONlUM SGLFATE. (NH&SO,. In labora-
tory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to solid ammo-
nium sulfate under conditions of 100% relative hu-
midity at ambient temperature. Other laboratory
tests showed that 1100lloy was resistant to 1%
to
45% solutions of ammonium sulfate at ambient
temperature. Aluminum alloys have been used for
handling ammonium sulfate. See also Ref: FF) p.
125. (2) p. 62, (3) p. 64, (7) p. 19.
AMMONIUM SULFIDE. (NH,)*S. In
laboratory
tests. 1100 alloy was resistant to 15% to 40%
SOlU-
tions of ammonium sulfide at ambient temperature.
Aluminum alloys have been used For piping, coolers
and tanks with ammonium sulfide. See also Ref: (I)
p.
125. (3) p.
63. (7) p. 19.
AMMONIUM TH~OCYANATE. NH,SCN.
AIIO~S
3003 and 5154 were resistant to solid ammonium
thiocyanate in laboratory tests conducted under
conditions of 100% relative humidity at ambient
temperature. In other laboratory tests, alloys 3003,
5052 and 6061 were resistant to 1. 25 and 50% solu-
tions of ammonium thiocyanate at ambient temper-
ature. Aluminum alloy tanks and piping have been
used to handle ammonium thiocyanate. See also
Ref: (I) p. 126, (2) p. 66. (3) p. 69, (7) p. 19.
sol. (chlorophenoxy) acetic acid, copper oxychloride
(0.5% Max.) and calcium polysulfides. In labora-
tory tests most insecticides were corrosive to alumi-
num alloys. See also Ref: (IO) p. 101.
APPLE BRINE. Limited laboratory tests indicated
that 5052 alloy was resistant to apple brine at 100C
(212F).
AQUA REGlA. A
mixture of nitric and hydro-
chloric acid. In laboratory tests, aqua regia was very
corrosive to all aluminum alloys. See aiso Ref: (2) p.
80, (3) p. 38.
AMMONIUM THIOGLYCOLATE.
HSCH&OONHI. Ammonium thioglycolate has
been handled and shipped in aluminum alloy con-
tainers. See also Ref: (3) p. 71.
ARGON. A. Aluminum alloys have been used For
pressure vessels and containers handling argon. See
also Ref: (3) p. 35.
AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE.
(NH,),S,O,. Laboratory tests showed that alloy
3003 was resistant to aqueous solutions of ammo-
nium thiosulfate at ambient temperature. Aqueous
ammonium thiosulfate solutions have been shipped
in aluminum drums. See also Ref: (3) p. 65. (7) p.
19.
ARSENIC ACID.
H,AsO,. In limited laboratory
tests, concentrated arsenic acid *as very corrosive to
6061 alloy at ambient temperature. See also Ref: (3)
p. 49, (7) p. 25.
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE.
As,O,.
Alloys 3003 and
5154 were resistant to solid arsenic trioxide in labo-
ratorv tests conducted under conditions of 100%
relative humidity at ambient temperature. See also
Ref: (3) p. 49. (7) p. 25.
AMYL ACETATE. CHJ(CH1)lOOCCH,. In labo-
ratory tests, alloys 3003 and 5052 were resistant to
amyl acetate at temperatures up to 204C (4OOOF).
In other laboratory tests, condensing amyl acetate
caused mild attack ( - 3 mpy) of alloy 3003. Pure
amyl acetate has been stored in aluminum alloy
tanks. See also Ref: (1) p. 126, (2) p. 68. (3) p. 136.
(7) p. 19.
ASBESTOS. Laboratory tests have shown that wet
asbestos will cause corrosion when in intimate con-
tact with all aluminum alloys. This has been con-
firmed by service experience. Dry asbestos does not
cause corrosion of aluminum alloys. See also Ref:
(I) p. 126. (5) p. 12.
AJMYL ALCOHOL. CH,(CH,),OH. Limited labo-
ratory tests indicated that alloy 3003 war resistant to
amyl alcohol at 100C (212F). Amyl alcohol war
very corrosive to 204C (JO03F) and at the boiling
point. Aluminum alloys have been used to handle
amyl alcohol. See also Ref: (2) p. 71, (3) p. 113, (7)
p. 21.
ASPARTIC ACID. HOOC.CH2CH(NHI).CDDH.
In limited laboratory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant
to aspanic acid at 204C (4M)F). See also Ref: (I)
p. 126. (3) p. 146, (7) p. 25.
ASPHALT.
Bituminous substances From petro-
leum or purified tar. Aluminum alloy piping and
tankers have been used For handling asphalt. See
also Ref: (1) p. 126. (3) p. 221.
AMYL .MERCAPTAN. CH,(CH2),SH. Amyl mer-
captan has been stored in aluminum alloy tanks.
See alu, Ref: (3)
p.
133. (7) p. 21.
AMYL VALERATE. (CH,),CHCH2COOCsH,,.
Laboratory tests indicated that 1100 alloy was resist-
ant to concentrated amyl valerate at ambient tem-
perature. Amy1 valerate is handled in aluminum
containers. See also Ref: (7) pp. 20. 21.
ASPIRIN. CH,COOC,H,COOH. Aluminum al-
loys have been used in reaction and crystallization
equipment for the preparation of aspirin. See also
Ref: (2) p. 26. (3) pp. 130. 239.
ANILINE. C,HsNH,. Laboratory tests indicated
that 1 LOO lloy was resistant to aniline vapors at am-
bient and 75C (167F) temperatures. However,
concentrated solutions of aniline were corrosive to
1100 alloy at the boiling Point 184C (364OF). Alu-
minum alloy equipment has been used in procesru
involving aniline. See also Rcf: (1) p. 126. (2) p. 73,
(3) p. 144, (7) p. 21.
ANISE OIL.
Aluminum alloy tanks have been used
for storing anise oil. See also Ref: (8) p. 12.5.
ANTIFREEZE SOLUTIONS. Water Solutions of
Methyl Alcohol, Glycerin or Glycol. Laboratory
tests have shown that alloys I100 and 3003 were re-
sistant to many commercial antifreeze solutions. In
automotive applications, the antifreeze solution
must be maintained at the proper concentration in
order that sufficient inhibitor is present to prevent
deposition corrosion by heavy metal ions picked up
From dissimilar metals in the system. Aluminum al-
loys have been used for automotive radiators and
heat exchangers. See also
Ref: (I)
p. 126. (3) pp. 23.
114, 115. 136.240.
ATMOSPHERES. Most aluminum alloys have re-
sisted atmospheric weathering in laboratory con-
trolled tests and have been widely used For architec-
tural and structural purposes. The earliest known
example of aluminum exposed to the weather is the
cap piece on the well-known Washington Monu-
ment erected in 1884. That 100 ounce casting was
examined in 1934 and again in 1964. Both examina-
tions confirmed the resistance to weathering of the
cap, as evidenced by the legibility of the original en-
graved inscriptions. The earliest known use of alu-
minum sheet For a roof is Found on the St. Cioac-
chino church in Rome. Italy. Installed in 1897.
examination after 70 years disclosed a measured
corrosion depth of 0.06 mm (2.5 mils) average. A
number of applications of aluminum For electrical
power cables began early in the present century and
continue in use today. An early stranded aluminum
power cable in service near Hartford, CT, For 51
years. exhibited an average measured corrosion
depth of 0.109 mm (4.3 mils). Aluminum castings
have been used For thousands of spandrel panels on
many buildings such as those in the Radio City com-
plex completed during 1432 in New York and the
Koppers Building completed during 1929 m Pitts-
burgh. PA. The Empire State Building also com-
pleted during 1929 in New York City had about
gZS.OW pounds of aluminum applied to its exterior.
ANTIPESTICIDES, INSECTICIDES. Dinitrocre-
(continued)
8/9/2019 Corrosion Resistant
5/57
Nonferrous Metals and Al loys
613
TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION hminued)
The A. 0. Smith Bulldmg completed during 1930 m
Milwulkee. Wisconsin. may hdve been the forerun-
ner of aluminum curtain wall corwruction. Exami-
niltmn iu 1962 of a cast panel from the Smith Butld-
mg disclosed average
measured depth of attack to
be 0.053 mm (2.1 mils) in the 6.35 mm (250 mils)
thick metal. Aluminum residential roof shingles
were marketed beginning in 1928 and examination
of such a roof after 30 years in an industrial atmo-
sphere revealed an average depth of corrosion pme-
tration of 0.076 mm (3.0 mils) in the 0.508 mm (20
mils) thick 3003 alloy sheet. Since 1930. many appli-
cations of aluminum roofing and siding have been
made throughout the world. Alclad aluminum in-
dustrial roofing and siding have been used for many
years in a wide variety of highly industrial atmo-
spheres. Corrosion depth is arrested at the cladding-
core interface under the effect of cathodic protection
by the 1% zinc-bearing aluminum alloy cladding.
Port facilities throughout the nation have used large
quantities of those alclad aluminum sheet products
for transit sheds, storage buildings and the like. Lit-
erally hundreds of studies have been made on alumi-
num alloys after service for many years in industrial
and seacoast localities.
B
BARIUM CARBONATE. BaCO,. Allo) 3003 uas
resistant to solid barium carbonate in laboratory
tests conducted under conditions of IOOYG elative
humldity at amhient temperature. See also Ref: (3)
p. 76, (7) p. 27.
BARIUM CHLORIDE. B&I,.2 H20. Alloy 3003
was resistant to solid barium chloride in laboratory
tests conducted under conditions of 100% relative
humidity at ambient temperature. In other labora-
tory tests. 1100 alloy was resistant to 0.001 to 0.4 N
solutions of barium chloride at ambient tempera-
ture. See also Rcf: (I) p. 127, (2) p. 84. (3) p. 73, (7)
p. 27.
BARIUM HYDROXIDE. Ba(OH),.B H,O. Lab-
oratory tests have shown that aqueous solutions of
barium hydroxide are very corrosive to aluminum al-
loys. Aluminum alloys are not ordinarily used with
barium hydroxide solutions. See also Ref: (1) p. 127.
(3) p. 72, (7) p. 27.
BARIUM NITRATE. Ba(N0J2. Alloy 3003 was
resistant to solid barium nitrate in laboratory tests
under conditions of 100% relative humidity at am-
bient temperature. In other laboratory tests. 1100
alloy was resistant to dilute aqueous solution of
barium nitrate at ambient temperature. See also Rel:
(3) p. 75, (7) p. 27.
BmM SULFIDE. BaS. In limited laboratory
tests, a 10% aqueous solution of barium sulfide was
corrosive to 3003 alloy at ambient temperature and at
50C (122F). See also Ref: (3) p. 74. (7) p. 27.
BAUXITE. Ore of aluminum. containing a high
content of hydrated aluminum oxide together with
lesser amounts of oxides of iron. silicon and titanium
and some minor impurities. Aluminum alloys have
been used for transporting bauxite and as building
components in bauxite plants. See also Ref: (8) pp.
loo. 190.
BEANS.
Beans have been canned in coated alumi-
num alloy cans. See also Ref: (6) p. Il.
BEER. Laboratory tests have shown that beer causes
mild attack of most aluminum alloys and even less of
high purity aluminum. In the brewing of beer, alumi-
num alloys have been used for fermenters, yeast tubs.
culture tanks, carbonating tanks, coolers,
storage
tanks. beer kegs and other containers. Aluminum al-
loys have also been used for wart receiving and set-
tling vessels and filtering apparatus. Aluminum alloy
beer cans are coated internally. See also Ref: (I) p.
127. (3) p. 202. (4) pp. 94, 95, %. 97, 128, (6) p. 10.
BEESWAX. Conrainr about 8@G myricin. Beesuax
ha> been used as a prorecti\e coating for alummum
allo strw corrouon cracking test fixtures. See also
Ref: (I) p. 127. (3) p. 225.
BENZALDEHYDE. C,,H;CHO. In laborator)
tests. alloys 3003. 5052 and 51.54 uere resistant to
benzaldeh\de at 5OC (122F) and 2WC (400 F).
Under boiling and condensing conditions, benzalde-
hyde caused moderate attack u-lth localized pnting
(- 8 mpy). In other laboratory tests. the addition of
water to brnzaldehyde caused moderate corrosion
with the maximum attack (- I2 mpy) of 1100 allo
developing at about a IO?& mixture of benzaldehyde
in water. Aluminum alloy drums and tanks, dinilla-
tion columns. condensers and dephlegmators have
been used to handle pure henzaldehyde. See also Ref:
(1) p. 127. (2) p. 87. (3) p. 120. (7) p. 27.
BENZENE. C,&,. In laboratory tests. alloys 3003.
5052,5l.S4 and 6&l were resistant to benzene at am-
bient and SOY (122F) temperatures. The addition
of moisture increases the corrosivity of benzene
towards aluminum alloy\. Aluminum equipment has
been used for stills, fractionators, dephlegmators.
condensers. tanks and heat exchangers for benzene.
See also Ref: (I) p. 127. (2) p. 90. (3) pp. 104. 223.
242, (7) p. 31.
BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE. C,H,CI,. Alumi-
num allob equipment has been used in handling ben-
zene hexachloride. CAUTION see Halogenated
Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (3) p. 110, (7) p. 31.
BENZ& C,HrCOCOC,Hs. In limited laboratory
tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to benzil at 204C
(400F). Localized pitting was evidenced on the
3003. See also Ref: (3) p. 121. (7) p. 31.
BENZOIC ACID. C,H:,COOH. Alloys 3003 and
5154 were resistant to solid benzoic acid in laboratory
tests under conditions of 100% relative humidity at
ambient temperature. Aluminum alloy sublimating
equipment. hoppers and piping have been used in
the production of benzoic acid. See also Ref: (1) p.
127, (2) p. 96, (3) p. 132. (7) p. 29.
BENZOYI. CHLORIDE. C,HJOCI. Limited lab-
oratory tests indicate that benzoyl chloride is corm-
sive to high purity aluminum at boiling temperature
198C (388F). CAUTION See Halogenated Hy-
drocarbons. See al5o Ref: (1) p. 127, (3) p. 133.
BENZYL ACETATE. C,H,CH,OOCCH,. In lab-
oratory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to benzyl ace-
tate at 1005C (212F) but was corroded under boiling
and condensing conditions.
BENZYL ALCOHOL. C,H,CH,OH. In laboratory
tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to benzyl alcohol at
2O4C (4OOF) and under refluxing conditions. Ben-
zyl alcohol has heen handled in aluminum alloy
tanks. See also Ref: (3) p. 113, (7) p. 33.
BENZYL CHLORIDE. C,H:,CHICI. High purity
aluminum was resistant to benzyl chloride in lahora-
tory tests at ambient temperature. Benzyl chloride
caused corrosion of other alloys, increasing as tem-
perature increased.
CAUTION: See
Halogenated
Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (2) p. 100. (3) p. I
I I,
(7) p. 33.
BERYLLIUM
HLORIDE. BeCl,. Aluminum aIloy
contamers have been used for storing and transpon-
ing beryllium chloride. See also Ref: (2) p. 102. (3)
p. 73. (7) p. 35.
BISMUTH NITRATE. Bi(NO,),S H,O. Alloys
3003 and 5154 were resistant to solid bismuth nitrate
in laboratov tests conducted under conditions of
100% relative humidity at ambient temperature. See
also Ref: (8) p. 106.
BITUMINOUS PAINT. Laboratory tests have
shown that bituminous paint is protective to alumi-
num alloys. See also Ref: (I) p. 127, (3) pp. 218.221.
(4) p. 141.
BLACKBERRY NICE. In laboratory tests. black-
berry pomace and juice mixture was corrosive to 3003
alloy at 100C (212F). See also Ref: (4) pp. 88. 89.
BORDEAUX MIXTURE. A mixture of cupric sul-
fate, calcium oxide. and water. Aluminum alloy
equipment has been used to handle Bordeaux mix-
ture. See also Ref: (1) p. 127 .
BORIC ACID. H.,BO,. Alloys 3003 and 5154 were
resistant to solid boric acid in laboratory tests con-
ducted under conditions of 100% relative humidity
at ambient temperature. In other laboratory tests, al-
loys 1100. 3003 and 6061 were resistant to aqueous
solutions (I-IS%) of boric acid at ambient tempera-
ture and at 60C (14OF). Aluminum alloy drying
kilns, trays, conveyors. hoods, tanks and valves have
been used for handling boric acid. See also Ref: (1) p.
127, (2) p. 108, (3) p. 51, (4) pp. 123, 124, 125. (7) p.
35.
BORON TIUFLUORIDE. BF1. Aluminum alloy
reactors have been used in the manufacture of naph-
thalene in which boron trifluoride is used as a cata-
lyst. See also Ref: (1) p. 127 , (3) p. 51, (7) p. 37.
BOROSILICATES.
In laboratory tests. 3003 alloy
was resistant to borosilicate glass wool under condi-
tions of 100% relative humidity al 52C (125F). See
also Ref: (10) pp. 29, 108.
BROMOFORM. CHBr,. In limited laboratory
tests, bromoform was corrosive to aluminum alloys
with the attack being accelerated as the temperature
increased. Inhibitors such as amines have promise of
reducing the attack to some degree. CAUTION See
Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (1) p,
128. (3) pp. 23, 106. (7) p. 37.
BROMOMETHANE. CH,Br. In limited laboratory
tests, bromomethane was very corrosive to high pu-
rity aluminum at 50C (122F). See also Ref: (3) p.
105.
BULK (DRY) MATERIALS. Aluminum alloys
have been used to handle a wide variety of materials
in bins. cars. drums and wrappings. Listed below are
some examples of these materials. See also Ref: (6)
pp. 10, 11. 12.
Flour
Phosphorus suspensions
Sugar
Cement
Synthetic detergents Whiting
Soap flakes Ethycel
Cocoa Salt
Instant coffee
IJ-BUTADIENE. CHz:(CH)z:CH,.This product
has been stored and transported in aluminum alloy
equipment. See also Ref: (3) p. 103.
BUTANE. CH,(CH,),CH,. Aluminum alloy pipe
and tube have been used to handle butane. See also
Ref: (I) p. 128. (3) p. 214. (7) p. 39.
BUTTER. Aluminum alloy equipment has been
(continued)
8/9/2019 Corrosion Resistant
6/57
8/9/2019 Corrosion Resistant
7/57
Nonferrous Metals and Al loys
615
TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (continued)
CARBON TETRACHLORCDE. CCIJ. In labora-
tory tests. alloys 3003. 5052 and 5154 were resistant
to carbon tetrachloride at ambient temperature.
whereas. boiling carbon tetrachloride was corrosive
to these alloys as well as to many others. Two prod-
ucts of this reaction are aluminum chloride and hexa-
chlomethane. The reaction apparently is electro-
chemical in nature and accelerated by anhydrous
aluminum chloride. The reaction decreases rapidly
as the temperature is dropped from boiling 177C
(170F)I to 50C (122F). The rate increases
markedly on superheating. The presence of water.
carbon disulfide or oxygen increases the action at
lower temperatures and decreases it at higher tem-
peratures. The action can also be minimized by add-
~ng stabilizers. Aluminum powder in contact with
carbon tetrachloride should not be used as a milling
medium for comminuting aluminum. CAUTION:
See Halogenated Hydrocarbons . See also Ref: (I)
p. 129. (2) p 153. (3) pp. 23. 106.
ture. Similar results were obtained with 2% and 20%
solutions of chlordane in kerosene. However. the ad-
dition of as little as 0.2% distilled water to these colu-
tions increased their corrotivity greatly. Aluminum
alloy containers have been used for the bulk rhip-
ment of chlordane. CACiTl0.V. See Halogenated
Hydrocarbons . See also Ref: (3) p. 110. (7) p. 55.
CHLORINE. C12. In laboratory tests, aqueous soIu+
tions containing 25.50. and 100 ppm chlorine caused
moderate attack of I IO0 and 6061 alloys at ambient
temperature. Dry chlorine gas does not attack alumi-
num alloys. but in the presence of water is corrosive.
Aluminum alloy bus bar has been used in caustic-
chlorine plants. Hot chlorine gar has been cooled in
aluminum alloy heat exchangen. See also Ref: (1) p.
129, (2) p. 167, (3) pp. 36, 247, (7) p. 57.
CELLULOSE. (ChH,,,Or) ,. Aluminum alloy equip-
ment has been wed to handle cellulose. See also Ref:
(I) p. 129. (31 pp. 124. 231.
CHMROACETIC ACID. CHICI COOH. Labora-
tory tests indicated that pure chloroacetic acid is very
corrosive to 3003 alloy at 204C (400F). CAUTION:
See Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (7)
pp. 56,
57.
CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE. Alumi-
num alloy 5110s. piping. Jnd conveyors have been
used for handling cellulose acetate butyrate. See also
Ref: (3) p. 130. (7) p. 53.
CELLULOSE ACETATES. Aluminum alloys have
been used in the preparation and storage of cellulose
acetates. See also Ref: (I) p. 129. (3) pp. 136.232. (7)
p. 53.
CHLOROBENZENE. C,H&I. Laboratory tests in-
dicated that alloy 3003 was resistant to chloroben-
zene at 100C (212F) and refluxing temperatures.
Chlorobenzene has been shipped in aluminum alloy
tank trucks. CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydm-
carbons. See also Ref: (2) p. 173. (3) p. 111. (7) p,
57.
CEMENT, PORTLAND. While in the fluid state,
Ponland cement causes etching of aluminum alloys
as indicated in laboratory tests and in service applica-
tions. After the cement has set, no further corrosion
occurs as a result of a protective film forming on the
aluminum. Galvanic corrosion will develop if alumi-
num is coupled
to
dissimilar metals in cement or con-
crete to which chlorides have been added for high
early strength. Aluminum alloys have been used for
freight can. hopper can, and tote bins handling ce-
ment. Aluminum has also been used successfully for
racks and pallets in the concrete block industry,
molds and forms. and terrazzo divider strips. See also
Ref: (I) p. 129. (2) p. 161. (3) p. 228.
l-CHLOROBUTANE. C,H,CI. Laboratory tests
showed that 3003 alloy was resistant to I-chloro-
butane at ambient temperature and 50C (IZZF).
At the reflux temperature I-chlorobutane was corro-
sive to alloy 3003 and high purity aluminum. CAU
TION: See Halogenated Hydrocarbons.
2XHLOROBUTANE. CH,&HICHCICHJ. In labo-
ratory tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to 2.chloro-
butane at ambient temperature. At higher tempera-
tures, 2.chlorobutane was corrosive to 3003 alloy.
CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydrocarbons.
CEREALS. Aluminum alloy equipment has been
used for handling and preparation of cereals.
2XHLOROETHANOL. CHzCICHIOH. In labora-
tory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to 2.chloroethanol
at ambient temperature. Corrosion increased rignifi-
cantly as temperature increased with 2.chloroethanol
being very corrosive at the boiling point. C4UTION:
See Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (3)
p. 133. (7) p. 87.
CHEESE. Cheeses vary in their action on aluminum
alloys. In laboratory tests, aluminum alloys were
resistant to some cheeses, while other cheeses were
corrosive. When necessary. aluminum alloys can be
protected readily. Aluminum vats and molds have
been used for processing cheese. Aluminum wrap-
pings and containers have been used for cheese.
Those have usually been protected . See also Ref: (I)
p. 129, (3) pp. 199. 205, (4) pp. 84, 102, 103. 114,
115. (6) pp. 9 . II, 14, 15.
CHLOROFORM. CHCI,. In laboratory tests, Ill 0
alloy was resistant to chloroform with a trace of water
at temperatures up to the boiling point 6lC (142F).
In the same test. anbydrouc chloroform uas cop~o-
sive. CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydrocarbons.
See also Ref: (1) p. 130. (2) p. 179. (3) p. 106. t) p.
59.
CHERRIES. In laboratory tests, cherries in brine
caused moderate attack of 3003. %2. and Alclad
3003 alloys at amblent temperature. Alclad 3003
when exposed at ambient temperature was resistant
to Maraschino cherries in another laboratory test.
Fresh chemies in water have been carried by alumi-
num alloy irrigation pipe to processing tanks.
CHLORONITROBENZE,NE. NO:C,H,CI. In lim-
ited laboratory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to chlo-
ronitrobenzene at ambient temperature. CrlU-
TIO,V: See Halogenated hydrocarbons . See also
Ref: (2) p. 185.
CHOCOLATE. Aluminum alloy equipment has
been used in the preparation and manufacture of
chocolate candy. Aluminum foil has been used to
package chocolate products. See also Ref: (3) pp.
200.203. (4) p. 115, (6) p. 12.
CHERRY MCE. In laboratory tests, sweet red
CHROMIC ACID. H2Cr004. In laboratory tests,
cherry juice caused mild attack ( - 4 mpy) of 3003
1100 alloy was resistant to aqueous chromic acid
alloy at lOOC (212F) while black cherry juice caused
solutions in concentrations up to 0.1 N at ambient
moderate attack ( - 8 mpy). See also Ref: (4) pp. 88,
temperature. See also Ref: (1) p. 130, (2) p. 194. (3)
89, (6) p. IO.
pp. 82, 236, (4) pp. 21, 121, (7) p. 63.
CHLORDANE. C,,H,CI,. In laboratory tests. 3003
alloy was resistant to technical chlordane with ot
without 0.2% water additions at ambient tempera-
CHROMIUM. Cr. Chromium plated aluminum al-
loy products have been used. See also Ref: (3) p. 82,
(4) pp. 83. 134.
CHROMIUM OXIDE. Cr,O,. Chromium oxide in
the dry state has been handled in aluminum alloy
equipment. See also Ref: (1) p. 130. (3) p. 82.
CHROMlUM POTASSIUM SULFATE.
CrK(S0,)~~12H10. Alloys 3003 and 5154 were
resistant to solid chromium potassium sulfate in
laboratory tests conducted under conditions of
100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.
See also Ref: (7) pp. 62, 63.
CHROMIUM SULFATE. Cr,(SO,), I5 H20.
Solid chromium sulfate was corrosive to 3003 alloy
in laboratory tests conducted under conditions of
lOO% relative humidity at ambient temperature.
See also Ref: (1) p. 130. (3) p. 82, (7) p. 63.
CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE. CrO,. Solid chromium
trioxide caused moderate attack ( - 17 mpy) of 3003
alloy in laboratory tests conducted under conditions
of 100% relative humidity at ambient temperature.
Alloy 356.0 valves have been used for handling
chromic acid solutions. See also Ref: (2) p. 194, (3)
p. 82. (7) p. 63.
CIDER. In laboratory tests, 5052 alloy was resis-
tant to apple cider at 38C (IOOF). See also Rrf:
(1) p. 130. (3) p. 202. (4) pp. 78. 97. (6) p. IO.
CITRIC ACID.
(HOOC)CH,C.(OH)(COOH)
.CH:COOH. In laboratory tests. II00 alloy uas
resistant to aqueous solutions of citric acid at am-
blent remperarure. While increased concentration
had little effect, increasing temperature cawed the
corrosivity of the solutions to increase subsrantlally.
The presence of chlorides or heavy metals mcreaws
the corroshity of these solutions. Aluminum has no
harmful action on the organisms used in rhe manu-
facture of citric acid and is suitable for cc:uipment
ruch as fermenting vats. crystallizers, solution
storage \ats. and piping. Alloy 356.0 vahes have
been used for handling citric acid solutions. See also
Ref: (I) p. 130. (2) p. 199. (3) pp. 131, 209. (4) pp.
22, 25. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 31, 109. 110. 113. (7)
p. 6.5.
CITRUS FRUlT IUICES. Labora tory tests indi-
cated that alloys 3003. 5052. and 5086 were resistant
to citrus fruit juices at ambient and refrigerated tem-
peratures. See also Ref: (-I) p. 90. (6) p. IO. 13.
CLAY. Variable substance with a base of hydrous
aluminum silicate. Dry clay and clay slurries have
been handled in aluminum alloy piping, fittings, and
valves. See also Ref: (I) p. 130. (3) p, 228.
COAL.. Mainly carbon. containing also many or-
game compounds. A controlled field test indicated
that aluminum alloys performed uell when contact-
ing various types of coal for 30 years. Aluminum
alloys have been used for trucks, hopper cars. chutes,
skips, cages, trolleys. pit props, and hand tools in the
handling of coal. Aluminum liners have given satis-
factory service in coal bunkers to assist in the flow of
the coal. See also Ref: (1) p. 130, (3) pp. SO, 221.
COAL GAS. Containing hydrogen, methane, car-
bon monoxide, ethane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, ni-
trogen and volatile organic compounds . Limited lab-
oratory tests showed that 443.0 casting alloy was
resistant to coal gas at ambient temperature. See also
Ref: (3) p. 221, (7) p. 65.
COAL TAR. Containing benzene, toluene. naph-
thalene. anthracene.
xylene. other aromatics;
phenol, cresol, other phenolics; ammonia. pyridene.
other organic bases. thiophene. Aluminum alloy
equipment including distillation columns, conden-
sers and piping have been used in the production of
coal tar. See also Ref: (3) pp. 223, 224.
(continued)
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616
Corrosion Resistant Mater ia ls Handboo k
TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (continued)
COBALT COMPOUNDS. Solid cobaltous chloride
was very corrosive to alloys 3003 and 5154 in lab-
oratory tests conducted under conditions of 100%
relative humidity at ambient temperature. Solid cw
baltous nitrate caused mild attack ( - 3 mpy) of 3003
alloy in the same tests. See also Ref: (3) p. 84, (5) p.
13.
COCA COLA* SYRUP. In laboratory tests, Coca
Cola syrup is corrosive to aluminum alloys. Unpro
tected aluminum is not ordinarily used with this pro
duct.
mcml tndrm.rt
COCONUT OIL. Contains Irimyristin. trilaurin.
tripalmitin. tristearin. other glycerides. Coconut oil
has been stored in aluminum alloy tanks. See also
Ref: (7) p. 93.
COD LIVER OIL. A fixed oil containing vitamins
A and D. glycerides of palmitic. stearic. etc., acids,
cholesterol, butyl alcohol esters. Cod liver oil has
been processed and stored in aluminum alloy equip-
ment. See also Ref: (I) p. 130, (2) p. 294. (3) p. 239.
COFFEE. Coffee
has been prepared in aluminum
alloy cooking equipment and utensils. See also Ref:
(1) p. 130. (3) p. 211. (4) pp. 80. 84.97, (6) p. 12.
COKE. (From destructive distillation of coal and
other carbonaceous materials.) The resistance of alu-
minum to coke has been reflected by its use for coke
conveyor buckets and as sprayed coatings to protect
steel can used for coke quenching. Aluminum alloy
equipment has been used in many applications
handling coke oven gas. Deacidifien. pipes. heat ex-
changers, heating coils, regenerators, and absorbers
made of aluminum allovs have been in service om.
cessingcoke oven gas. S& also Ref: (1) p. 130, ($&.
210, 221, 223.
COKE OVEN GAS. Contains hydrogen, methane,
carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. Alu-
minum alloy deacidifiers. heat exchangers, and heat-
ing coils have been used in the Collins process for the
desulfurization of coke oven gas. Condensation of
moisture on surfaces contacting coke oven gas CM
accelerate cormsion on aluminum alloys as the result
of the formation of sulfurous acid. See also Ref: (1) .
130. (2) p. 859.
COLLODION. Pymxylin dissolved in alcohol and
ether. Laboratory tests showed that alloy 6053 was
Rsistant to collodion at ambient temperature. Col-
lodion has been stored in aluminum alloy containers.
See also Ref: (3) p. 124.
CONCRETE. Aluminum alloys embedded in fresh
mortar or concrete have been used in many applica-
tions. As shown by laboratory tests, 5ome surface
attack occurs during the first few hours while the
concrete is still fluid. However, further attack is
substantially retarded because of the formation of
highly protective films on the aluminum. Measured
depths of the attack that take place during the set-
ting period of concrete are generally less than 1 mil
while after 6 months or after 8 or 27 years in service
measured depths of attack have been found no
greater than S mils. Laboratory tests have dem-
onstrated that the volume of concrete in contact
with aluminum as well as availability of external
moisture have no more than a minor effect on the
performance of aluminum alloys embedded in con-
crete. In many applications, aluminum alloys em-
bedded in concrete are coupled directly or indirectly
to reinforcing or structural steel. Laboratory tests
have shown that aluminum is anodic to steel in con-
crete. Nonetheless. when coupled electrically in the
laboratory to steel in concrete, aluminum alloys
have been found less affected than when not cou-
pled as the result of more rapid formation of protec-
t
tive films. Calcium chloride is often added to mor-
tar and concrete to accelerate curing and to develop
high early strength. Sodium chloride may also be
present. as a contaminant of the water and sand. In
laboratory tests, the addition of appreciable amounts
of either calcium chloride or sodium chloride to con-
crete had little effect on the corrosivity of the con-
crete to aluminum alloys. However. these rests and
service experience show that small amounts of
chlorides will aggravate corrosion of alloys and even
cause deterioration of the concrete when the co_
sion is of a galvanic nature. especially when the con-
crete is either intermittently or continuously wet
after curing. While aluminum alloys perform well in
many applications involving mortar and concrete.
definite benefits may be obtained by using protec.
tive coatings to prevent staining, eliminate crevice
corrosion,
minimize galvanic corrosion, and im-
prove adhesion by decreasing gas evolution at the
metal interface. See also Ref: (IO) p. 29.
COPAL. Contains trachylolic acid, isotrachylolic
acid, resene and volatile oil or contains dammaric
acid. dammaran and a resin. Aluminum alloy
equipment has been used for the production of var.
nishes made from copal resins. See also Ref: (1) p.
131, (2) p. 210, (3) p. 226, (7) p. 65.
COPPER COMPOUNDS. In laboratory tests,
aqueous solutions of copper compounds were cot-
rosive to aluminum alloys causing localized pitting.
See also Ref: (1) p. 131. (3) p. 238.
CORK. The light, porous outer bark of the cork
oak. In laboratory tests, cork was corrosive to con-
tacting 3003 alloy under conditions of 100% relative
humidity at 52C (125F) which caused wetting of
the cork. See also Ref: (10) p. 29.
CORN OIL. A refined oil expressed from grain of
Zea mays L. Corn oil has been stored in aluminum
alloy containers. See also Ref: (6) p. II.
CORN PRODUCTS. In laboratory tests, alloys
1100 and 3003 were resistant to many corn prod-
ucts tested. Aluminum alloy equipment has been
used in the production of corn products. Aluminum
alloy hoods. ducts. piping, and conveyors have been
used.
CORN SYRUP. A mixture of dextrose and dextrins
in water. Laboratory tests indicated that 6061 alloy
was resistant to corn syrup at ambient temperature.
Corn syrup has been stored in aluminum alloy con-
tainers. See also Ref: (2) p. 229. (6) p. IO.
COSMETICS. In laboratory tests. many cosmetics
have been tested with variable results. Aluminum
alloy containers have been used for a variety of
creams, powders. lotions, and soaps. See also Ref:
(3) pp. 117. 239.
COTTONSEED OIL. A refined oil expressed from
the seeds of Gossypium herboceun and other species
of
Gossypium. In
laboratory tests, 6061 alloy was
resistant to cottonseed oil at ambient temperature.
Aluminum alloy storage tanks have been used for
cottonseed oil. See also Ref: (2) p. 872.
CREAM. Aluminum allovs have been used for
ream separators. See also kefz (3) p. 204. (4) pp. 26.
ICn, (6) p. 11.
XESOL C,H,(OH)(CH,). In laboratory tests,
1100 alloy was resistant to 1%. 3%. and 100% solu-
ions of cresol at ambient temperature. In other
aboratory tests. ctesol was very corrosive to I I00
alloy at the boiling point. See also Refz (1) p. 131. (2)
). 221. (3) p. 116, (7) p. 67.
XESYLIC ACID. A mixture of phenols from coal
tar. In laboratory tests. 1100 alloy was resistant to
l%, 3%. and 100% solutions of cresylic acid at am-
bient temperature. See also Ref: (2) p. 221, (7) p. 67.
CBYOIJTE. (SODIUM ALUMINUM FLUO-
RIDE). Alloy 3003 was resistant to solid cryolite in
laboratory tests conducted under conditions of 100%
relative humidity at ambient temperature. See also
Ref: (7) pp. 160. 161.
CUMENE. C,Hs CH(CH,),. In limited laboratory
tests. 3003 alloy was resistant to cumene under
refluxing conditions. Cumene has been stored in
aluminum alloy containers. See also Ref: (7) p. 69.
CURRANTS(BLACK AND RED). in limited lab-
oratory tes ts, red currants were corrosive to 3003
alloy at 100C (212F). Aluminum equipment has
been used in processing and preparing currants. See
also Ref: (6) p. IO.
CYCLOHEXANE. CJ& In laboratory tests, 3003
alloy was resistant to cyclohexane under &axing
conditions. Aluminum alloy tank trucks have been
used to ship cyclohexane. See also Ref: (3) p. 104,
(7) p. 71.
CYMENE. C&I,. In laboratory tests. 3003 alloy
was resistant to cymene under boiling and condens-
ing conditions and under refluxing conditions. See
also Ref: (3) p. 104.
D
2, 4-D. Cl,. C,H, 0. CH2. COOH. Limited labo-
ratory tests indicate that dilute aqueous solutions of
2. 4-D caused mild attack of 3003 alloy at ambient
temperature. 2, 4-D has been handled in aluminum
alloy sprayers and piping. CAUTION: See Halo.
genated Hydrocarbons. See also Ref: (3) p. 127.
DAJRY PRODUCTS. Aluminum alloys have been
used for milk pails, milk cans, storage tanks, truck
tankers. pasteurizers. coolers. butter chums and
tubs. foil hoods, and powdered milk driers. See also
Ref: (3) p. 204. (6) p. 11.
DDT. (CIC,H&CHCCII. Laboratory tests showed
that 3003 alloy was resistant to dry DDT and dilute
aqueous solutions of DDT at ambient temperature.
Aluminum alloy cans have been used for aerosol w
lotions of DDT.
CAUTION: See
Halogenated Hy
drocarbons . See also Ref: (2) p. 226. (3) pp. I Il.
241. (7) p. 75.
DETERGENTS. Aluminum alloys perform in dif-
ferent ways in different detergents. When in solu-
tion. some detergents stain andFor corrode alumi-
num. Since general conclusions cannot be drawn,
detergents rhould be tested individually before use
with aluminum alloys. Aluminum bins, silos. piping,
and packages have been used for detergents. See alu,
Ref: (I) p. 131. (3) p. 243, (4) pp. 34, 72, 75. 76, 85,
86, 87, 96, 103.
DMCETONE ALCOHOL.
(CHJ,C(OH)CH,COCH,. In limited laboratory
tests. 3003. 5052. and 5454 alloys were resistant to
diacetone alcohol at ambient temperature and at
54C (13OF). See also Ref: (3) p. 121.
DICHLOROACETIC ACID. CHC&COOH. In lim-
ited laboratory tests, dichloroacetic acid was co-
rive to 3003 alloy at 2OVC (400F).
CAUTION: Set
Halogenated Hydrocarbons. See also Ret (3)
p. 127.
DICHMROBENZENE. C&Cl,. In laboratory
tests, alloys 3003 and 5154 were resistant to dichloro-
benzene at 50C (122F). Dichkxobenzene has been
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Nonferrous Metals and Al loys
617
TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (continued)
handled in aluminum alloy tanks, filters, and heat
exchangers. CA UTION: See Halogenoted Hydra-
carbons. See also Ref: (2) p. 173, (3) p. Ill, (7) p.
75.
DICYCLOPENTENYL ALCOHOL. In laboratory
tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to dicyclopentenyl al-
cohol at boiling temperature.
ESSENTIAL OILS Volatile oils derived from plants
and usually taming the esxnt~al odor or flavor of
the plant used. Aluminum alloy equipment has been
used m the preparation. storage. ond trxtsport of er-
sential oils. See also Ref: (I) p. 131. (2) p. 2%. (3) p,
239.
DIETHANOLAMINE.
HN CHz CH*OH)*. Lab-
oratory tests showed that alloy 3003 was resistant to
diethanolamine at ambient temperature. However,
at the boiling temperaturn and under refluxing con-
ditions diethanolamine caused moderare attack.
While aluminum alloy heat exchangers have been
used to handle diethanolamine solutions, tests under
the anticipated conditions should be made prior to
use in service. See also Ref: (3) p. 145 .
ESTER GUMS. The glyce~l. methyl and eth I es-
ten of resin acids. Alummum alk>ys have been used
for piping ester gums.
DIETHYL4MlNE. (CJH&NH. Alloy 3003 was re-
sistant to diethylamine in laboratory tests conducted
at elevated temperatures of ICPC (212F) and
204C (400F). Aluminum alloy stills and condenser
tubes have been used in processing and handling di-
ethylamine. See also Ref: (7) pp. 76. 77.
ETHANOLAMINE. H,N.CHlCH,.OH. Limited
laboralor) tests under reflusing conditions indicate
that ethanolamine caused mild attack (-4 mp ) of
3003 alloy. Aluminum alloy heat exchangers have
been used for handling a ethanolamine-dieth~lene
glycol mixture to remow CO:. H2S. and water from
natural gas. Aluminum allo tanks have been used
to transport ethanolamine. See also Ref: (I) p, 131.
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL.
HO. CH>. CH,
.O-CIiZ
CH:OH. In laboratory
tests. 3003 alloy was resistant to diethylene glycol
under refluxing conditions. See also Ref: (3) pp. 25.
135. (7) pp. 76, 77.
ETHER. C?H,.
0
C:H,. Laboratory tests indi-
cated that alloy 3003 uas resistant to ether at both
ambient and elevated temperatures. Aluminum pro-
cessing. handling and degreasing equipment have
been in use. Allo 356.0 valves have been used for
handling ether. See also Ref: (2) p, 258, (3) p. 135,
(7) p; 77.
n-DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE. HCON(CH,)x. In
laboratory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to dimerhyl
formamide at ambient temperature and at the boil-
ing point. Dimethyl formamide has been handled in
aluminum alloy tanks. piping, heat exchangers. and
distillation towers. See also Ref: (3) p. 147, (7) p. 81.
ETHYL ACETATE. CH, .COO.C,H,. In labora-
tot tests. alloy 3003 was resistant to ethyl acetate
and its condensing vapors. Aluminum alloy heat ex-
changers. tank cars, etc.. have been used for handl-
ing ethyl acetate. See also Ref: (I) p. 132. (2) p. 2bO.
(31 p. 136. (7) p. 85 .
UNS-DIMETHYlBYDRAZlNE (CH,),NNHz. In
laboratory tests, alloys I 100, 3003 and SO52 were re -
sistant to uns-dimethylhydrazine when exposed at
30C (86F) and 63C (145F). Dimethylhydrazine
has been stored in aluminum alby containers. See
also Ref: (7) pp. 80. 81.
DIMETHYL SULFATE. (CH,),SO,. Dimethyl sul-
fate has been stored in aluminum alloy containers.
See also Ref: (2) p. 233.
ETHYL ALCOHOL. CIHIOH. In laboratop tests.
alloy 3003 was resistant to commercial (95%) ethyl
alcohol and its aqueous solutions. In other labora-
ton tests, anhydrous ethyl alcohol was corrosive to
aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloys have been used
commercially for stills, hear exchangers, drums.
tanks, and piping in the processing of ethyl alcohol
and products employing ethyl alcohol in their manu-
facture See also Ref: (1) p. 132. (2) p. 28, (3) pp. 23,
112. (4) pp. 93. 97, 142. (7) p. ES.
DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE.
C,H,(COOCH,,)I. Aluminum alloy containen have
been used for handling dimethyl terephthalate.
a-ETHYL4NUINE C:H,NHC,H,. In laboratory
tens. alloy 3003 was resistant to n-ethylaniline at the
boiling temperature and under reflilsing conditions.
Erhylaniline has been stored in aluminum alloy
containers.
DIOCTYL
PHTHALATE.
C&I,(COOCHzCH(C~Hs)C,H&. Aluminum alloy
tanks have been used to store dioctyl phthalate.
See
also Ref: (7) p. 81.
DIPHENn C,Hs.C,Hs. Aluminum alloy equip
ment has been used to handle diphenyl. See also Rel:
(2) p. 247. (3) p. 104. (7) p. 81.
ETHYLBENZENE.
C,Hs. CIH,. In
laboratory
tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to ethylbenzene af the
boiling temperature and at 204C (4CPF). Ethyl-
benzene has been handled in aluminum alloy heat
exchangers. See also Ref: (2) p. 263, (3) p. 104, (7)
p. 87.
DYES. Aluminum alloy equipment has been used in
some manufactuting processes for dyes in some dye-
ing processes for dye kettles. dye sticks and drying
pans. See also Ref: (I) p. 131. (2) p. 212, (3) pp. 10%
119, 121. 132, 144. 145, 146. 23.5. (4)~. 73.
ETHYLBUTYL ACETYLBICMOLEATE.
Alu-
minum alloy equipment has been used to produce
and handle ethylbutyl acetyhicinoleate.
DYNAMITE. An explosive mixture containing nit-
roglycerin with other substances both inert and ac-
tive. Aluminum alloys have been used for parts in
dynamite packing machines and for dynamite driers
and mixers. See also Ref: (I) p. 131. (3) p. I IS.
ETHYL
BUTYBATE.
CH,.CHz.CH>.COOC,H,.
In laboratory tests, ethyl butyrate caused mild attack
(- 2mpy) of 3003 alloy under boiling and condens-
ing conditions and under refluxing conditions. Alu-
minum alloy equipment has been used in the produc-
tion and handling of ethyl butyrate. See also Ref: (I)
p. 132, (3) p. 137, (7) p. 87.
E
ETHYLENE. CH,:CHI. Ethylene has been handled
in aluminum alloy heat exchangers and tanks. See
also Ref: (3) p. 103, (7) p. 87.
EGGS. Aluminum alloy equipment has been tised
ETHYLENEDIAMINE.
NHz.CHI.CH,.NHz. In
for the preparation and dessicarion of egg powder.
limited laboratory tests, 3003 alloy was resistant to
Aluminum alloy trays have been used for drying egg
ethylenediamine al 100C (212F) and 204C
whites. Seealso Ref: (1)~. 131. (3, p. 198. (4)~. IIS.
(400F). See also Ref: (1) p. 132. (3) p. 145, (5) p. 9.
(6)pp. 8. II.
(7) p. 89.
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE. CH2CI CHICI.
Limited laboratory tests indicate that 3003 alloy was
resistant to dry ethylene dichloride vapor at the boil-
ing point. The presence of water causes increased
corrosion because of hydrochloric acid formed by hy-
drolysis. CAUTION: See Halogenated Hydrocar-
bons. See also Ref: (1) p. 132, (2) p. 268.
ETHYLENE GLYCOL. HO.CH,.CH,.OH.
Laboratory tests have indicated that 3003 alloy was
resistant to ethylene glycol at ambient temperature
and under refluxing and boiling and condensing con-
ditions. Aluminum l l oy
equipment
has been used in
the processing of ethylene glycol and for storage
tanks and pressure vessels. Inhibited ethylene glycol-
water solutions have been used in automotive radia-
tors and heat exchangers. Aluminum alloys should
not be used in applications with stagnant ethylene
glycol where very high temperatures are involved
[2OPC (392F) and above]. Violent reactions are
possible under these condirions. See also Ref: (1) p.
132. (3) pp. 25. 114. (7) p. 89.
ETHYLENE OXIDE. (CH,j20. Aluminum alloys
have beeh used to produce and handle ethylene ox-
ide. Violent reac tions are possible if aluminum chlo-
ride and aluminum oxide are present. See also Ref:
(1) p. 132, (3) p. 135, (7) p. 89.
ETHYL FORMATE. HCOO.C,H,. In laboratory
tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to erhyl formate at am-
bient temperature and at the boiling temperature. In
other laboratory
te sts
3003 alloy was resistant to
ethyl formate ascondensingvapors. See also, Ref: (1)
p. 132. (2) p. 136, (7) p. 91.
ETHYL LACTATE.
CH,CH(OH)COOC,Hs. In
laboratory tests at ambient temperature. alloy 6053
was resistant to ethyl lactate. See also Ref: (I) p. 132,
(3) p. 137.
ETHYL PROPIONATE.
CH,CH,
COOGH,. In
limited laboratory tests, alloy 3003 was resistant to
ethyl pmpionate under boiling and condensing con-
ditions. Aluminum alloy stills and condenser tubes
have been used in the production of ethyl propionate.
See also Ref: (7) pp. 90, 91.
EUCALYPTUS OIL. A volatile oil containing eu-
calyptol: vale& butyric. etc., aldehydcs: d-pinene.
Aluminum alloys have been used for handling euca-
lyptus oil. See also Ref: (1) p. 132.
EUGENOL.
C,,H,IOz.
Aluminum alloy drums
have been used to store and transport eugend.
F
FATS. Aluminum alloy equipment has been used to
handle fats. See also Ref: (1) p. 132. (2) p. 271. (3) p.
198, (4) pp. 72, 78, (u, 84, 99. 100, 109. (7) p. 93.
FATTY ACIDS.
RCOOH. Laboratory tests have
shown that fatty acids cause mild attack of 1 IGil alloy
at ambient temperature . Anhydrous fatty acids were
found to be very corrosive to aluminum alloys at the
boiling point in other laboratory tests. Aluminum al-
loy storage tanks. separators. settling and receiving
tanks, condensers, vapor lines, and steam trace lines
have been used to process and handle fatty acids and
fatty acid derivatives. See also Ref: (1) p. 132, (2) p.
274, (3) pp. 125, 127, (4) pp. 25. 100, (7) p. 93.
FERRIC
CHLORIDE.
FeCIJ.6HI0. Solid ferric
chloride was very corrosive (244 mpy) to
3003 alloy in
laboratory tests conducted under conditions of loO%
relative humidity at ambient temperatom. Also in
laboratory tests, aqueous solutions of ferric chloride
(continued)
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TABLE 5.2: ALUMINUM ALLOYS-ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION
cated that 1100 alloy was resistant to 10% solutions
of gluconic acid at ambient temperature. Increase in
temperature resulted in substantially increased cor-
rosion
Aluminum alloy equipment has
been used to produce gluconic acid from sugars by
the fermentation process. Neutralization of gluconic
acid to produce calcium gluconate is carried out in
aluminum alloy equipment. See also Ref: (1) p. 133.
(2) p. 332. (3) p. 129. (7) p. 97.
GLUCOSE. C,H,>Oe H20. Glucose solutions have
been stored in alloy 6061 tanks. Alloy 356.0 valves
habe been used for handling glucose solutions. See
also Ref: (I) p. 133. (3) p. 12.3.
GLUE. Originally an impure form of gelatin. In
more modem times, glue is one of many types of ad-
hesives uxd for bonding. In laboratory tests, most
adhesives were found to be either innocuous or pm-
rectne to aluminum alloys. Houever. exceptions
\rere found and included the alkaline water base
latex adhesives, acetic anhydride adhesives, and
adhesives that have been made electrically conduc-
tive by the addition of copper, silver. or carbon. Such
adhesives ihould be used with caution and with the
knowledge that corrosion could develop. Adhesives
are used with aluminum alloys in many applications.
See also Ref: (1) p. 133, (3) pp. 124. 199.231.2.33. (4)
pp. 107. 11.5. R. L. Patrick, Editor. Treatise of
Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 111. Marcel Dekker.
New York, 1973.
GLYCERIN. CH,OH.CHOH.CH,OH. Labora-
tory tests indicate that alloy 3003 is resistant to gly
cerin solutions at ambient and boiling temperatures .
Aluminum alloys have been used for still,. condens-
ers. heat exchangers, storage tanks, and tank cars for
handling glycerin. Alloy 356.0 valves have also been
used. See also Ref: (1) p. 133. (2) p. 337. (3) pp. 115.
240. (7) p. 97.
GLYCEROPHOSPHATE.
H,O,IOCH~~CHOH~
CH@H. Glycerophosphate has been shipped in ah-
minum alloy containers. See also Ref: (3) p. 137.
GLYCOLIC ACLD. HOCH&OOH (Hydmxyacetic
Acid). In laboratoty tests, glycolic acid was corrosive
to 3003 and SlS4 alloys at IO0C (212). Glycolic
acid solutions have been stored and shipped in alu-
minum alloy containers. See also Ref: (1) p. 133. (3)
p. 129, (7) p. 105.
GRAPEFRUIT JUICE. Laboratory tests indicated
that 1100 alloy was resistant to grapefruit juice at am-
bient and refrigerated temperatures (see Fruit and
Fruit Juices). See also Ref: (4) p. 90, (6) p. 10.
GRAPE JUICE. In laboratory tests. unfermented
grape juice caused mild attack (2 mpy) of llC0,3003.
and 3004 alloys at room temperature. Aluminum al-
loy equipment has been used for harvesting grapes
and grape juice has been transported in aluminum
alloy tank cars (see Fruit and Fruit Juices). See also
Ref: (4) pp. 88, 91. (6) p. IO.
GRAPHlTE. Alloys 3003. SIM and 6061 were resis-
tant to solid graphite in laboratory tests under condi-
tions of 100% relative humidity at ambient tempera-
ture and 54C (130F). Other laboratory tests have
shown that graphite smears on aluminum are car-
msive because of galvanic corrosion of the aluminum.
See also Ref: (3) p. 50, (5) p. 13.
GUM
ARABIC. A
dried gummy exudation from the
stems and branches of Acacia. Aluminum alloy con-
tainers have been used for storing gum arabic solu-
tions. See also Ref: (1) p. 134, (3) p. 226.
H
Nonferrous Metals and Al loys
619
(continued)
for covering on lighter than air ships. See also Ref: (1)
p. 134. (3) p. 35.
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS. Aluminum
alloys are usually resistant to pure halogenated hy-
drocarbons and other organic chemicals containing
halogens under most conditions particularly at room
temperature or lower. Under certain conditions some
of these hydrocarbons may produce a rapid rate of
corrosion of aluminum or a violent reaction. Hence,
the service conditions to insure safety should be rec-
ognized or established before aluminum alloys are
used with any halogenated hydrocarbon.
Halogenated hydrocarbons may decompose by hy
dmlysis if water is present or by other processes to
yield mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid. These
acids corrode aluminum alloys because they destroy
the protective surface oxide fdm naturally present
that provides inherent resistance to corrosion. Cor-
msion of aluminum alloys by these acids may also
promote reactions of the hydrocarbons themselves
hecause aluminum halides formed bv corrosion ar e
catalysts for some of these reactions (e.g. AICI, for a
Fried&Crafts reaction). In some instances. alumi-
num alkyls may be produced. Because of the rapid
rate of evolution of heat, corrosion of aluminum and
reaction of a halogenated hydrocarbon. once initi-
ated, may tend to become autocatalytic.
The reactivity of aluminum alloys with halogen-
ated hydrocarbons decreases generally in the order of
increasing chemical stability of these hydrocarbons,
which may be established precisely by themwdy
namic data whenever these data are available, or
qualitatively by the structural formulas of the hydra-
carbons and by the halogens they contain. Thus. alu-
minum is most resistant to hydrocarbons halogen-
atsd with fluorine followed in order of decreasing
resistance to those with chlorine. bromine and io-
dine. It is also resistant to highly polymerized halo-
genated hydrocarbons. reflecting the high degree of
chemical stability of these materials.
The behavior of aluminum alloys in a mixture of
halogenated hydrocarbons . or mixtunzs of these hy-
drocarbons with other organic compounds cannot be
predicted fmm its behavior with each of the compo.
nents. Some mixtures (e.g. of methyl alcohol and car-
bon tetrachloride) produce rapid corrosion of some
aluminum alloys at ambient temperature even
though the components alone do not.
The resistance of aluminum alloys to halogenated
hydrocarbons tends to decrease as the temperature is
raised and the rate of corrosion in many liquid halw
genated hydrocarbons remains low until the boiling
point is reached; in some, it is low or non-existent
even at this temperature. Other factors that affect R-
sistance include the presence of an inhibitor and the
purity of a halogenated hydrocarbon; amines or vari-
ous heterocyclic compounds have been effectively
used as inhibitors in certain cases.
Aluminum in a finely divided form, as in a powder,
should not be exposed to a halogen&d hydrocarbon.
The likelihood of creating a violent reaction that may
lead to an explosion is increased when aluminum
with a large surface area is exposed to a small volume
of a halogenated hydrocarbon, and even more so
when this operation is carried out under pressure.
Specific entries in this book for fluorinated hydrocar-
bons such as Freons and inhibited halogenated hy-
drocarbons such as solvents for degreasing illustrate
applications with halogenated hydrocarbons .
In summary, the service conditions to insure safety
should be recognized or established before alumi-
num alloys are used with any halogenated hydrocar-
bon. With respect to aluminum and a specific halo-
genated hydrocarbon under specific conditions.
aluminum producers may be able to submit useful
data.
HELIUM. He. Aluminum alloys have been used for
heat exchangers in the manufacture of helium and
HEPTYL ALDEHYDE. CH,(CHI)SCHO. Alumi-
num alloy separators. rectifier tanks. and storage
tanks have been used with both crude and refined
heptyl aldehyde. See also Ref: (3) p. 120. (7) p. 99.
n-HEX&NE. CH,.(CH2),CHI. Aluminum alloy heat
exchangers have been used with n-hexane. See also
Ref: (7) pp. 98, 99.
HONEY. Contains mainly levulose and dextrose;
some sucrose. wax. pollen. and
other
organic matter.
Aluminum alloy equipment has been used for pas-
teurizing honey. Honey has been packed in alumi-
num containers. See also Ref: (I) p. 134, (3) p. 203,
(6) p. 10.
HYDRAZINE. H2NNHI. In laboratory tests, hydra-
zinc caused mild attack of 3oQ3 and 5154 alloys at
ambient temperature. The action of hydrazine on
aluminum alloys is increased by the presence of mois-
turn resulting in hydrolysis. See also Ref: (1) p. 134,
(2) p. 353. (3) p. 44, (7) p. 101.
HYDROARIETYL ALCOHOL. C,&CH,OH.
Aluminum alloys have been used for piping, full flow
filters, final condensers , and steam heated storage
tanks in the production of hydmabietyl alcohol. See
also Ref: (3) p. 115. (7) p. 101.
HYDROCARBONS. Organic compounds contain-
ing hydrogen and carbon. In laboratory tests. alloy
1 I00 and 3003 were resistant to most hydrocarbons.
Aluminum alloys have been used to piping, pumps,
valves, impellers.
condensers, *eat exchangers,
ducts, fan and blowers. storage tanks, and shipping
containers for handling hydrocarbons. See also Ref:
(3) p. 101.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
HCI. Aluminum is car-
roded by hydrochloric acid. The rate of attack in-
creases with acid concentration and temperature.
Metal purity plays a significant role in the degree of
attack by hydrochloric acid.
In-
creasing purity of the aluminum decreases the rate of
attack by hydrochloric acid significantly. Inhibitors
can be effective in reducing the corrosive effects of
hydrochloric acid, particularly in dilute (< 10%) so-
lutions. Such inhibited acid has been used to clean
aluminum equipment and containers. See alw, Ref:
(1) p. 134, (2) p. 359. (3) pp. 22.37. 244, (4) pp. 15,
16, 17. 27, 29. 30. 31. 34. 73. 74, 97, 127, (7) p. 101.
HYDROCYANIC
ACID. HCN. In laboratory tests,
alloys 3003. 5052. and 6053 were resinant to a 77%
solution of hydmcyanic acid at ambient temperature.
Hydrocyanic acid has been processed in