CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN …. Biocanin, M... · KEY WORDS: corporate governance, social responsibility, stakeholders, eco-crime, eco-security, ,sustainable

Annals of the „Constantin Brancusi” University of Targu Jiu, Engineering Series , No. 4/2018

74

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

IN "FIGHT" AGAINST ECOLOGICAL CRIMINALITY

Academician prof. PhD Rade Biočanin1, prof. PhD Muhamed Sarvan

1, Ms

Ana Prolović2

1- International University of Travnik, Travnik, BiH

2- Company JP Srbijašume, SG Toplica Kursumlija, Serbia

SUMMARY: The growing conflict between economy, ecology and ethics (model "3E") must solve the corporate-social

responsibility and global consensus around vital issues for the survival of mankind. Because of this, we are further

improving our internal regulations by strengthening corporate governance, compliance, and risk management, in order

to further increase corporate vitality and transparency. Therefore, we further improve our internal regulations by

strengthening corporate governance, respect and risk management in order to further increase corporate vitality and

transparency. This integration of logistics functions is part of the feedback logistics, which significantly contributes to

the efforts to save the natural environment. In creating an organic product, Corporate Social Responsibility represents

the commitment of the company / company to contribute to sustainability of economic development, working with

employees, organizations, institutions and the local community in order to preserve products, health, quality of life and

living environment. There is a significant interaction between eco-security and globalization. Namely, nowadays

globalization does not show its influence and has more concrete effect and exposure than it is in the field of eco-

security. In the field of eco-security, local threats can have global conditions. Likewise, the resolution of global eco-

problems requires the engagement of all - global engagement. Globally, effective environmental protection can only be

achieved through effective global cooperation. In this regard, it is necessary to establish a legal and political

organization of the umbrella organization, which will deal with the issues of eco-security at the global level in the most

direct, explicit and unique way. Feedback marketing logistics play a key role in the success of sports and environmental

activities, which significantly contributes to the health and quality of life and respect for eco-values in ambient

conditions.Corporate governance is based on a way of sharing rights and responsibilities in a group of corporate

actors, especially shareholders and managers in all areas of human activity. Environmental quality management in this

co-authoring work is defined as the management of all activities in society that have or may have an impact on health

and quality of life. University management aims at business activities in a way that contributes to the success of

learning and development of younger generations in order to reduce environmental degradation and ensure a brighter

future for present and future generations in the Western Balkans and beyond.

KEY WORDS: corporate governance, social responsibility, stakeholders, eco-crime, eco-security, ,sustainable

development

1. INTRODUCTION

Always, and especially in modern

conditions of existence, between eco-security

and globalization there is a significant

interaction. Any state in question, the region

as well as the continent, can be affected by

significant eco-problems. The green garden

effect does not leave immune to Europe, Asia

or America, or any other part of the globe.

Also, nuclear radiation, the euthanic use of

NHB weapons, NHB terrorism, or any other

type of weapons of mass destruction

Data security risks can be divided into

legal risks, ICT risks and risks of physical

damage or destruction. When talking about

legal risks, they are reflected above all on

non-conformity, poor external regulation and

the lack of internal protection in companies,

while ICT risks include high-tech crime and

failures, and the dangers of technical and

technological processes. Risks of physical

damage or destruction can be divided into

fires and explosions, natural disasters and


75

property and commercial crime, terrorism and

other types of eco-crime, above all.

Business protection measures, etc. Secrets

are determined in accordance with the risk

assessment of the illegal acquisition, use and

disclosure of information representing

business secrets. This kind of business deals

primarily with specialized institutions,

executive management, managers and

executives in the corporate security and legal

sector, or all who are In any way related to

security issues in companies, institutions,

large enterprises and other organizations.

In the coming period, in the Western

Balkans and the environment, the

participation of leading domestic and foreign

experts in the field of public, private,

corporate and urban security is expected in

order to exchange and consolidate their

experiences. The main topic of this year's and

next security / security days is security and

economy , An actual challenge for the

administration of companies and the security

sector.

Cooperation in the field of eco-safety in

the promotion of environmental protection, in

general, must have a significant place in the

general integration flows and globally. The

very nature of environmental security points

to the need for cooperation, and this is the

only way to avoid the prevention of possible

accidents in the field of eco-security.

Therefore, in the field of eco-security,

local threats can have global conditions.

Likewise, the resolution of global

environmental problems requires the

engagement of all, or global engagement.

However, in such situations, it is necessary to

note that investment in environmental

protection is drastically different from

country to country, according to their

economic power and access to a block, first

and foremost. In this sense, it is difficult to

build any global standard, which all countries

could fulfill, and again, on the other hand, this

standard is inevitable and is no longer a

matter of protecting the environment but the

survival of the human species on the earth in

general. Therefore, the necessity of treatment

is necessary and urgent. Part of the problem is

to solve the problem through international

conventions and organizations.

Cooperation in the field of eco-safety in

the promotion of environmental protection, in

general, must have a significant place in the

general integration flows and globally. The

very nature of environmental security points

to the need for cooperation, and this is the

only way to avoid the prevention of possible

accidents in the field of eco-security.

1. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND

ECO-CRISIS

In ecology, the word "extraordinary

situation" is today one of the most commonly

used words by mass media, and in everyday

life it is often heard or read. Environmental

emergencies have become more frequent,

more diverse, regardless of whether they have

been created by the action of nature or man,

each day they cause more and more

consequences for people, material goods and

the environment. Bearing in mind all the

features of the 21st century, terrorist

emergencies pose a serious threat to national

and regional security.

Extraordinary situations are one of the

constants of human history and its conceptual

definition is determined primarily by the

various types of dangers that endanger the

safety and which, caused by the nature of the

action or the activity of a human factor, can

lead to its creation in a certain territory, which

is difficult to suppress within the framework

Eco-safety and sustainable development.

In this co-authoring work we will pay special

attention to applying clear rules of work and

establishing the principles of corporate

governance within and social responsibility,

from the aspect of eco-security and

sustainable development, which should

include:

1) transparent management and

administrative control systems,

2) consistent and rational management of

corporate finances,

3) social responsibility of the

corporation.

The effective organization and work of

the Board of Directors, the Internal Audit


76

Committee, the Remuneration Committee, the

Success Committee, the Corporate

Governance and the Board of Executive

Directors of the company play a major role in

achieving these objectives in an atmosphere

of responsibility, mutual trust and consent. To

meet the expectations of our stakeholders,

including employees, partners, customers,

shareholders, suppliers and all the other

communities in our ecosystem, World

businessman Safran has made corporate

social responsibility (CSR) an integral part of

its growth strategy. Our CSR policy is

grounded in six strategic priorities that are

fully aligned with the Group's global strategy,

actions and commitments.

At Safran, we see corporate social

responsibility as a source of growth and

performance improvement. Our core

commitments of innovating to protect the

environment, striving for excellence in the

protection of people and goods, valuing our

employees, suppliers and partners, and

affirming our values of integrity, are pursued

with all internal and external stakeholders.

Safran's corporate social responsibility

policy encompasses all of the Group's

stakeholders: customers, shareholders,

suppliers, employees, unions, community

associations, government authorities and

institutions, financial analysts and ratings

agencies, consumers and the media. This

policy is anchored in the ethical values that

form the basis of our corporate culture and are

shared across the Group: responsible

corporate citizenship, people development

and recognition, meeting commitments, and

the power of teamwork.

Figure 1. Safran policy is based on six strategic priorities which were defined

Underscoring our integrity-based

approach, in 2013 Safran signed the United

Nations Global Compact, proof of our

commitment to uphold the universal

principles of human rights, labor standards,

environmental protection and the fight against

corruption.

Safran completed the mapping of its CSR

issues, also referred to as a "materiality

analysis(1)

". This was done by surveying its

stakeholders in late 2014. An analysis of this

kind participates in the Group's reflection on

its strategy of Corporate Social Responsibility

and ensures that the most relevant issues are

taken into account.

Thirty relevant issues were listed and

validated by the Group's CSR steering

committee. These issues have been grouped


77

according to five major themes: governance ,

products and services, sSocial and

management, society and environment.

Secondly, interviews with both internal

and external stakeholders were conducted

from a grid defining these issues. The

procedure required the respondent to assess,

on a scale from 1 to 4, the importance of each

of these issues by answering the question:

- As an internal stakeholder: Is this issue

likely to affect Safran's business?"

- As an external stakeholder:What are

your expectations with regard to Safran in

relation to this issue?

This evaluation was supplemented by

qualitative feedback, derived from interviews

with all respondents. Internal stakeholders

(eleven interviews) are representative of the

company's various businesses. External

stakeholders (ten interviews) were selected

among customers, suppliers, authorities or

experts.

Figure 2. Safran's corporate-social responsibility policy

The analysis of this map highlights a

convergence of perceptions among all

respondents. Indeed, in most cases, internal

stakeholders rated the importance of each

issue in the same way as external

stakeholders. This illustrates that the

importance of these issues is taken into

account upstream by the company.

It emerges from this analysis that the

priority issues are:

anti-corruption and business ethics;

responsible relationships with

suppliers;

quality of products and services;

continuity of business and

procurement ;

customer relations;

intellectual property and access to

technology;

safety of products and services;

These results will be used by Safran to

continuously improve its performance while

taking into account the ongoing dialogue with

its stakeholders;

The concept of materiality refers to

the importance of issues such as sustainable

development, i.e., their positive or negative

influence on a company's business (its ability

to create, preserve and redistribute value) and

on that of its stakeholders. The end result of

the analysis is often presented in the form of a

matrix, a materiality matrix, which cross-

references the expectations of internal and

external stakeholders in graphic form.

In 2005, Safran introduced Ethical

Guidelines defining the principles and

standards common to the Group, to provide a

shared reference for employees under all

circumstances. These guidelines are not

intended to replace or override current laws

and regulations, but rather to provide

reference points for everyone in their

professional conduct. Safran naturally

complies with all laws concerning the fight

against corruption and export controls.

Safran employees must uphold the laws in

all countries where we operate. We are

especially attentive to this point because

understanding the applicable laws may be

more difficult in cultural and legal

environments very different from those where

employees have worked in the past. If there is

any doubt, employees should immediately ask

their manager or the company's legal


78

department. Employees who work for a

company jointly owned by Safran and another

company must respect the laws of the host

country, as well as the laws of countries

where the company does business and where

its shareholders are based. All of Safran's

employees should be guided by integrity,

honesty and transparency in their professional

conduct.

Figure 3. Security challenges and stakeholder interest in corporations

Employees are expected to deal with

customers, suppliers and business partners in

the Group's interest and in compliance with

laws and regulations. All personnel must take

particular care to uphold laws on competition,

export and re-export controls, labor and

employment, safety, health and environmental

protection.

Safran, its companies and employees will

tolerate absolutely no form of corruption,

whether active or passive, direct or indirect,

for the benefit of players in the public or

private sector. Group companies comply with

all international agreements concerning the

fight against corruption, as well as the anti-

corruption laws applied in countries where we

do business. The Group, its companies and

employees, may never use a third party to

perform any task that they are ethically or

legally forbidden to do themselves. Engaging

a third party for the purpose of bribing an

individual or legal entity violates anti-

corruption laws. Prior to entering into a

contractual relationship with a business

partner, the Group's companies must

undertake a methodical and fully traceable

selection process.

Business courtesies, such as gifts and

hospitality, given to or received from

customers, suppliers and other partners are

solely used to build brand image and maintain

good business relationships. However, these

courtesies must not exceed a nominal value

and may not influence, or give the appearance

of influencing, any business decision. Safran

should always be guided by common sense,

discretion and prudence in these situations.

Business courtesies are prohibited by law

under certain circumstances and in certain

countries. Safran's employees must comply

with the applicable laws and regulations in

each

Each employee must uphold the principles

of fairness and integrity in dealings with

customers. Since Safran's business largely

concerns air transport safety, there can be

absolutely no compromise. Any situation that

seems questionable to an employee must be

immediately reported to management or a

Quality manager.

Safran ensures that all shareholders

simultaneously and effectively receive, on a

timely basis, complete, relevant and accurate

information that is consistent with previously

published information. We takes particular

care to apply international corporate

governance standards and recommendations.


79

Safran selects suppliers on the basis of

objective criteria and demands high

performance to ensure that we can fully meet

our expectations and those of our customers.

Under no circumstances will Safran use

suppliers that employ children or use forced

labor. In 2010, Safran signed a charter

governing relations between major

contractors and small and medium-size

enterprises (SME), under the auspices of the

French Ministry of the Economy, Industry

and Employment.

Under no circumstances may employees

damage Safran's reputation or compromise

the integrity of its assets or information

systems. Paid work of any kind that

employees may perform outside the scope of

their employment with Safran must not cause

conflicts of interest with their duties within

the Group. From the same standpoint,

considerable caution is required when

purchasing shares, directly or via an

intermediary, in companies doing business

with Safran. These restrictions do not apply to

listed companies, except if confidential

information is used, which may be construed

as insider trading.

Protecting the environment is more than

ever a vital concern of all Safran employees,

starting with product design and development,

and concerning the entire production process,

as well as disposal at end of life.

Safran does not finance any political

parties and any political activities must be

performed outside the workplace and working

hours. Any employee religious practices must

be practiced exclusively outside the

workplace and working hours, except in the

case of a legal exemption.

Employees must protect all information

acquired in the course of or in connection

with the performance of their duties. In

particular, they must pay particular attention

to complying with internal rules and

requirements concerning both written and oral

communications.

In the course of their duties, all employees

have access to confidential information,

which represents a key asset for Safran.

Confidential or classified information is

considered sensitive, and must not be

disclosed or communicated outside of the

Group. Similarly, Safran employees may hold

information concerning the national security

of the country in which their company is

located. They must therefore take special care

to ensure that this information is not divulged

to third parties. Any information that could

influence the Safran share price must remain

confidential, unless it has been published by

Safran. Any use of this information for

personal benefit would constitute insider

trading and could expose the employee to

both civil and criminal liability.

Ensuring our people's health and safety is

a primary goal at Safran. We are an equal

opportunity employer; hiring and promotion

are solely based on professional qualities and

results. We fully respect the dignity and

private life of each employee. Furthermore,

one of our core values is to create the

conditions needed for all employees to be

fulfilled in their chosen profession. All Safran

companies comply with the personal data

protection rules known as the "Binding

Corporate Rules" (BCR), applicable to the

processing and transfer of data outside of the

European Union.

Each employee is asked to read,

understand and comply with Safran's Ethical

Guidelines. In the event of a question or any

doubt regarding appropriate conduct, it is the

responsibility of the employee to immediately

contact a manager or the Legal Department.

Each employee has a binding obligation to

comply with these Ethical Guidelines.

Following an audit carried out from

September 1 to December 15, 2012, on

December 23, 2012 Safran was awarded anti-

corruption certification by ADIT (Agence

pour la Diffusion de l'Information

Technologique). This certification was

conducted on the basis of standards approved

by the SCPC (Service Centrale de Prévention

de la Corruption), an interministerial

corruption prevention department reporting to

the Minister of Justice.

The certification is valid until December

2015, and recognizes the effectiveness of the

processes deployed by Safran and our efforts

over the last few years to upgrade our rules


80

and procedures to establish them on a par

with best-in-class international standards.

The certification audit, carried out in

compliance with current international

standards (ISAE 3000, International

Standards on Assurance Engagements),

entailed an evaluation of Safran's corporate

culture and commitment to implementing the

anti-corruption program (based on a clear

policy and broadly circulated ethical

guidelines, the deployment of Compliance

Officers, an effective risk management

policy, control and measurement activities to

apply the program and wide circulation of

relevant information both within the company

and externally).

This certification will be applied to all

Safran Tier-1 companies from now until

2017: Sagem and Morpho were certified in

early 2014; Snecma and Turbomeca will be

certified by the end of 2014; Messier-Bugatti-

Dowty and Herakles in 2015; Labinal Power

Systems and Techspace Aero in 2016; and

Aircelle and Hispano-Suiza in 2017.

Known for our excellent products and

services, Safran drives economic, social and

cultural progress, and shares the fruits of

these improvements. For example, we are

committed to developing a culture based on

prevention, to more efficiently manage all

health, safety and environmental risks. We

actively contribute to social inclusion and

equal opportunity through a corporate policy

that promotes the integration of underserved

communities, and by promoting diversity

throughout our organization.

Safran has defined Group-wide

requirements in terms of trade compliance.

We deploy a network of Trade Compliance

Officers, backed by comprehensive training,

to ensure the strict application of these

requirements. We are involved in a number of

international initiatives, placing us in the front

lines of the fight against corruption.

Safran has defined strict trade compliance

requirements, applicable to all of our

companies. Each company applies these

requirements in terms of operating procedures

tailored to its organization, products and

markets.

Lobbying can be defined as “Any

communication, written or oral, between a

representative or an interest group and a

public decision-maker in order to influence

decision-making.”

The World Economic Forum asks

business leaders to work for a corruption-free

world. Safran is an active member of the

“Aviation and Travel Partnership Against

Corruption Initiative: Safeguarding Aviation

and Travel Value Chains.”

Safran strictly complies with all

regulations concerning its import and export

activities for military and dual (civil/military)

technologies.

Facing today‟s ecological challenges,

Safran applies a strategy of reducing our

environmental footprint, by designing more

environmentally-friendly products and

sustainably managing our production

facilities. But also by its implication in the

European program Clean Sky in which it

participates since its launch, in 2008. The

Group plays it a major role, in particular in

the field of engines and aeronautical

equipment.

2. EXAMPLES OF GOOD

PRACTICE IN ACCIDENTS

At present, all over the world the

problems of radiation emergency response are

addressed through establishment of the

specialized crisis centers. In Russia, this

concept was adopted about twenty years ago,

and the first operating organizations were

established in 1987. shortly after the

Chernobyl accident.

The top priority task of TCC IBRAE

RAN is assessment of release consequences

and development of recommendations on

population and environment protection in

emergencies at nuclear and radiation

hazardous facilities. This task is performed in

one of three modes: daily activities (with

https://www.safran-group.com/commitments/our-ethical-principles/trade-compliance/fighting-corruption?shadowbox=1






https://www.safran-group.com/commitments/our-ethical-principles/trade-compliance/safrans-responsible-lobbying-charter?shadowbox=1






https://www.safran-group.com/commitments/our-ethical-principles/trade-compliance/world-economic-forum-0?shadowbox=1








https://www.safran-group.com/commitments/our-ethical-principles/trade-compliance/export-control-0?shadowbox=1




https://www.safran-group.com/commitments/health-safety-environment/climate-change/climate-change?shadowbox=1













81

around the clock duty of experts and OPAS

group- the group to assist the nuclear power

plants), elevated preparedness mode or

emergency mode.

ATG, IAG and TG are the permanent

groups of TCC organizational, informational

and technical support, EG functions during

exercises, drills or in emergency situations.

a)TCC ATG functions:

coordination of all TCC activities,

organizational support of TCC in the

modes of daily activity and emergency

situations,

warning and assembly of TCC

personnel,

guidelines on assembly of the full

TCC staff (by a decision of the TCC

head or IBRAE management) in

accordance with operation mode and

procedures of notification, assembly

and involvement of pre-defined

additional forces and resources from

IBRAE reserves;,

information interaction with other

organizations participating in

emergency response,

participation in preparation of

materials for the main TCC activities,

long-term planning of the measures to

protect the population and territories

in emergencies.

b)TCC IAG functions:

daily maintaining of operability of

TCC software,

improvement of methodical,

information, hardware and software

tools and maintenance of TCC

software and hardware,

information and analytical support of

TCC EG in exercises and

emergencies,

preparation of information and

analytical materials.

c)TCC EG functions:

analysis and correction of the

characteristics of contamination

source,

analysis and correction of the levels of

radioactive contamination of

environment and exposure doses for

population,

analysis of radiological situation and

making the recommendations for

population protection and other

measures aimed at mitigation of

accident consequences,

interaction with the experts of crisis

and support centers of the agencies

and organizations,

participation in preparation of

information and guidance materials

for the population within the area of

emergency.

d)TCC TG functions:

maintaining of operability of TCC

equipment,

implementation of measures for

development of TCC technical

capabilities, including innovations,

technical support during the exercises

or emergencies.

TCC equipment includes hardware needed

to successfully meet the challenges of

scientific and technical support to emergency

response participants:

up-to-date automated workstations for

personnel,

video conferencing system and

satellite communications,

equipment for audio and video

presentations,

servers and communication

equipment,

cluster computing installation of

IBRAE RAN for resource-intensive

computations,

uninterrupted power supply system

and diesel generator,

dosimetric equipment.


82

Figure 4. Technical crisis center of nuclear safety institute

The experts and specialists of TCC

IBRAE RAN have wide experience in

mitigation of the consequences of radiation

accidents and incidents. Even before

establishment of IBRAE, many of them were

included in the Chernobyl expert group under

the leadership of L.A. Bolshov. This activity

was followed by work on assessment and

prediction of radiation conditions at the site

and in the observation area of Armenian NPP

after the Spitak devastating earthquake in

1988.

In October 1999, express analysis of

possible evolution of beyond design basis

accident at the nuclear fuel plant in

Tokaimura was conducted at TCC IBRAE

RAN upon request of the Japanese Embassy

in Russia; and at the request of Minatom of

Russia, analysis of the impact of the radiation

incident at the South Korean Volsung-3 NPP

was carried out and recommendations were

made to minimize the consequences of these

accidents. In their subsequent work, the TCC

experts provide scientific and technical

support to the actions on localization of all

more or less serious radiation incidents both

in Russia and abroad.

3. FUNDAMENTALS OF

GLOBALIZATION SECURITY

If we look at the etymological

significance, in our field of speech, two terms

are used: security and safety. Security itself

comes from the Latin word securitas-atis,

which means security, absence of danger and

certainty, self-confidence, fearlessness,

protection (securus-safe, carefree, reliable,

fearless, confident, steady, firm, loyal, true).

Thus, in English, two expressions are used:

security and safety.

The term security is used in the sense of

"national security" (secure-secure, secure) -

national security, which means the

achievement and preservation of state-

national interest, while the term safety

signifies the ability to function so as not to

cause a security situation or such

opportunities that can Also cause security

implications. In the French language there are

and are used the expressions of the Securites

and Beliefs, while in Russian the term

security is used, which means the absence of

material misery. In Italian, this is a sicurezza

(sciuramente- sigurno), in Albanian siguri,

while in Germany this term is sicherheit.

Safety and security terms have almost

identical meanings, although they are not

synonymous. Safety is derived from the word

safely, which in essence represents security,

security with the greatest confidence, firm,

decisive, without hesitation, constantly,


83

without interruption. On the other hand, the

notion of security implies the condition, that

is, the characteristic of the one who is safe,

that is to say, that it does not threaten

somebody or something from danger, in more

specific terms, it means the absence of

danger, security, determination, firmness,

certainty, clarity, Determination, consistency,

etc. For Tomas Hobs' security is the most

basic value on which humanity has built its

individual and collective lives.

In the Political Encyclopedia, security is

defined in the most necessary legal sense. It

"includes measures and activities, safeguards

and protection from endangering the

independence and integrity of one country

and the internal constitutional and legal

order". In the first case, it refers to the

outside, and to the other on internal security.

Defining the term "security", prof.

Javorović emphasizes the following: Safety is

a state in which there is no disturbance of the

normal "state of things due to various threats

and danger; security as a state of full balance

between man and nature and their interaction,

which does not lead to degradation of nature

and Quality of the human community", that

is," security as a state of balance between

constructive and destructive forces, in which

there is no disturbance and degradation of the

ecological system, the civilization of the

human community, man and his values and

values, or they do not exceed the scope of

development ".

It is evident that the definition of prof.

Javorović includes terms such as "the state of

full balance between man and nature",

"degradation of the nature and quality of the

human community", "degradation of the

ecological system" and the like, which places

him in rare authors, at least in our region,

Which in particular in the general definition

of security incorporates both ecology and eco-

security.

In general, there is no single

understanding of the concept of security.

From different definitions and visions, it is

possible to differentiate internal and external

security. When it comes to the difference

between the concepts of national and state

security, most authors do not distinguish

between these two terms. Whether the

determinant is national or state security

depends on the very object of security, or the

subject to be protected. As a security object, a

state can appear, and hence the state security

or nation, in which case the security assumes

nationality. When it comes to state security as

a security object, it can be a state as an

institution, a majority nation, or all members

of society, regardless of religion, nation,

ideology or any other affiliation.

In this regard, the issue of some other

types of security that would be determined by

the security object is posed logically. Thus,

international and global security, as well as

the security of some other collectivities, arise.

The paradigm that monitors security is

reflected in who is the subject behind certain

types of security.

If an individual stands behind individual

security, behind the national, state, or nation,

the question arises which entity is behind

global security. In the era of total change of

the global image of the world, the integration

processes and the contemporary security

challenges of the risks and threats of the

national strategy, they are increasingly giving

way to international, bloc and global tactics,

while states largely limit their sovereignty and

transfer it to some other non state entities. In

this respect, the modern concept of security

has been greatly redefined and changed in

relation to the traditional one both formally

and substantially.

Ecological safety is one of the most

important security factors in the world of

savvy. This syntagm is most often viewed and

defined as "the absence of threats and

damage", in fact, the exclusion of any activity

of a person that is harmful to nature, health,

quality of life and environmental safety in

general. The perception of issues and

problems of ecological security points out

direct connection with environmental

protection, as essentially inseparable

phenomena. It is a process of protecting vital

interests of individuals, society, nature, the

state, the region and the world from real and

potential threats caused by anthropogenic or

natural impacts on the environment.


84

In academic speech, the crisis signifies a

phase of disorder in the seemingly normal

development of a system, and this complex

phenomenon is often used as a concept that

includes all types of negative events and,

more broadly, applies to situations that are

unwanted, unexpected, unpredictable, and

almost Inconceivable, and cause unbelief and

uncertainty

Although the term is often used up,

globalization has no clear and precise

definition. True, there are definitions that are

more or less general, abstract or concrete,

influential or less influential, but some unique

answer to the question of what globalization

does not have. According to the definition of

the International Globalization Forum,

globalization is the process of

denationalization of the market, policy and

legal system at the highest political and

economic level.

Figure 5. Globalisation and crime in contemporary society

Globalization is generally understood as

the '' consequence of modernity '', ''western

modernization project '' as a '' global human

condition ''. The strong effects of governance

and the spread of globalization processes to

everyday life, and especially in developed

countries. Globalization is at the same time

the creation of new transnational systems of

power and the transformation of the

institutions of the society in which we live.

Those nations who believe that they have

achieved their national dreams in the past

decade (now have their own state), now

operate in a globalized space and time, as

much as they accept the values of a globalized

society and its criteria for the success of

transitional movement.

In his book History of History, English

scientist Arnold Toynby argued that in the

history of society there existed and there

exists a pluralism of civilizations. In the

world society, the conflict of civilizations is

dominant, because "today's civilization" is the

result of the merging and overlapping of

several individual global civilizations:

Western, Chinese, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu,

Slovenian-Orthodox, Latin American and

African civilizations.

Globalization denotes all those processes

by which people around the world are

incorporated into a world society, or a global

society (Albrow). Globalization is the

unstoppable integration of markets, national

states and technologies in an unprecedented


85

degree, enabling individuals, corporations and

national states to expand their activities

through the world faster, deeper and cheaper

than ever before (Friedman Thomas).

Globalization is connected with the crisis of a

territorial national state, because the national

state is too small to solve a major life

problem, and too great to solve small life

problems (Bell). Globalization means that the

world has become a global supermarket, in

which ideas and products have become

available everywhere and at the same time

gathered to promote the idea of globalization.

4. GLOBAL ORGANIZATION AND

"FIGHT" AGAINST ECO-CRIME

Environmental crime typically refers to

any breach of a national or international

environmental law or convention that exists to

ensure the conservation and sustainability of

the world's environment. Five areas are

considered to be of major importance: illegal

trade in wildlife, illegal logging and its

associated timber trade; illegal, unreported

and unregulated (IUU) fishing, illegal trade

in controlled chemicals (including ozone-

depleting substances) and illegal disposal of

hazardous waste. New types of environmental

crime are also emerging, for example in

carbon trade and water management.

Environmental crime is one of the most

damaging, high profile and economically

significant fields of global criminal activity –

second only to drug trafficking, and is

pushing our planet to the point of eco-system

collapse.

As the biggest threats to eco-security

globally, the following can be distinguished:

- demographic expansion;

- nuclear energy and any other form of

energy, which is transmitted by modern

technological achievements;

- massive cutting and devastation of forests,

which reduces the amount of oxygen on the

planet;

- the bird, small animal and fish mortality;

- global warming due to the wear of the ozone

layer, which results in the creation of

greenhouses;

- problems of hazardous waste management

(industrial, medical, military,

pharmaceutical);

- abuse of the achievements of biological and

medical sciences based on whose research it

has come to life production of genetically

modified organisms;

- harmonized (sustainable) development.

From the global aspect of eco-security,

the so-called "Hazards". These are special

hazardous industrial areas, the existence of

which is a potential risk of an ecological

accident occurring.

The geographical and geo-strategic position

of the country is of great importance for eco-

security, especially in terms of global

security. Thus, for example, when the famous

accident of the nuclear power plant in

Chernobyl occurred in 1986, the countries of

the former SFRY were found to be hit by

precisely because of its geographical location

and sensitivity to radiological contamination

So today, there is a new form of crime

that has a particular danger, which is eco-

crime. Its danger is much higher than in other

forms of crime, in that it takes on global and

regional circumstances both in terms of rapid

expansion and mass, as well as in the breadth

and severity of the consequences it can cause.

Namely, the consequences caused by eco-

crime are irreversible in most cases. Today, the two most important

international organizations dealing with

environmental protection and eco-security,

which operate globally and have legal and

political capacity under the auspices of the

UN, are UNEP and UNDP.

The United Nations Environment Program

(UNEP) is the UN Environment Program on a

global scale. Its headquarters are in Nairobi,

Kenya, with offices all over the world. The

program is based on UN Resolution No. 2997

(XXVII) of December 15, 1972. The Program

is managed by the Steering Council, which

reports to the UN General Assembly about its

work. The council has 58 members from

different regions of the world. The aim of the

program is to create and strengthen

partnership in the protection and development

of the quality of the environment. In addition to numerous non-

governmental organizations operating around


86

the world that do not have a specific

coordination or a joint global strategic action

plan whose role, the truth is not negligible,

except for UNEP and UNDP, there are no

significant environmental organizations in

terms of quality and comprehensive NHB

Protection and eco-security. UNDP and

UNEP, undoubtedly by their structure,

network, number of members and the

financial fund, represent a significant subject

of global eco-security.

Figure 6. Theoretical Model of the Modus Operandi

General co-operation between states in the

field of eco-security is more developed than

economic or political co-operation. In this

sense, more help is provided by more

developed countries to the underdeveloped

ones. In this regard, the mass media and non-

governmental propaganda promotes

environmental protection and eco-security,

with the aim of raising awareness among all

countries around the world about the

importance of eco-issues and "fighting"

against eco-crime. In order to make it more

efficient Cooperation in the field of eco-

security, it is necessary to take the following

measures and activities:

to legally regulate potentially

hazardous industrial systems through hazard

maps, and in this respect to establish a data

exchange and notification system;

Legally prescribe the standards and

measures taken in certain situations of threats

to eco-security, which would be unified for all

countries according to the possibilities;

legally regulate the protection of

watercourses, cross-border pollution / air, soil

and water contamination, ecological aspects

of international traffic;

legally and politically determine an

umbrella organization that will deal globally

on the most direct, explicit and unique way to

issues of eco-security.

5. ECOLOGICAL SAFETY IN THE

POST-MODERN ENVIRONMENT

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

focuses on integrated mechanistic research

related to shortand long-term pathways and

interactions of substances and chemical

mixtures in environmental systems and

subsystems on their bioavailability, and

assimilation in organisms, as well as

biological responses of these organisms, and


87

damage mechanisms (endocrine disruption,

genotoxicity); and on their subsequent fate in

the environment, food chain, including

humans.

Novel technologies, techniques, and

methods such as biomarkers, biosensors and

bioanalytical systems, bioremediation

methods, QSARs and QSPRs, advanced high

performance computational methods, models,

and their applications in obtaining and

processing interdisciplinary ecotoxicological

information are also addressed in this co-

author's work.

We welcome the applied outcome of

complex ecotoxicological research such as

developing the science-based Environmental

Quality Criteria, standard toxicity tests,

techniques, and methods for ecotoxicological

evaluation of the environment, as well as

developing ecotoxicologically proven

methods and technologies for prevention,

interception, and remediation of human-

induced damage to ecosystems.

Emphasis is placed on ecological animal

models rather than laboratory based rodent

studies; The above scope of the journal is

aimed at providing science-based tools for

sustainably managing the environment

through risk assessment, risk characterization,

risk prediction, and risk management.

In the current post-modern environment,

if people can so adversely affect the planet

Earth, then we are able to correct something.

This will require new forces, new ways of

thinking, smarter methods of production, wise

consumption, and new systems of financing

and risk management. In this section the

issues of NHB accidents / events are being

actualized, the possible solutions of NHB

protection are proposed, including the

fundamental changes in global, food, energy

and financial systems that are necessary to

meet the needs of current and future

generations-sustainable development.

Backpropagation neural network for

sufficiently large training, a sample as it was

for a larger medium of people gave

satisfactory results. Re-equilibrium and

ecological stability of the eco-system can be

established only by radically removing

disturbances that have caused changes,

applying ecological criteria at all stages of

production, exchange and consumption, as a

general elimination of the causes of disorders

in modern industrial, military and other

institutions

Process and system approach involves the

prescribed organizational behavior of

employees to institutions, corporations and

enterprises, with active participation of staff.

In addition to the behavior of employees, the

behavior of managers in the business system

is also significant. It suggests that there are

three different ways in which employees are

employed in organizations: cognitive,

behavioral, and adapted (comunity) behavior

of staff.

The German company Messe Frankfurt,

one of the world's largest business event

organizers, has made an agreement with the

organizer of Adria Security Summit to

provide support for an extraordinary event,

which will now use the Powered by Intersec

license. This will be the first time that the

company will provide support to the Adria

Security Summit. The event will be held in

the future under the name "Adria Security

Summit powered by Intersec", a regional

high-level conference dedicated to protection

and security technology, which includes the

accompanying fair, which is being held since

2015, each time on the other Location within

the Balkan region.

In some Western Balkan countries, the

Association of Corporate Security Managers

was formed, mainly within the chambers of

commerce, the initiative of professionals,

experts from all areas of corporate security,

with the aim of promoting, developing and

popularizing the profession as well as

strengthening professional and corporate

standards. These specialized Associations

bring together a large number of corporate

security managers from private companies

and public companies from home and abroad.

In the case of critical infrastructure, it is

best to see how public and private interest

intertwine. The EU has the largest number of

critical infrastructure in private ownership,

but its protection is of public importance,

because the consequences for protection will


88

not be tolerated only by the private owner, but

by a large number of citizens.

It is necessary to regularly review the

main elements of the responsibility of security

companies, with the underlying assumption

that responsibility should not be solely

confined to their responsibility towards their

(diverse) clients, but also towards the public

and citizens. With this, the consequences of

poor performance of private security

companies will not only suffer from their

client, but also citizens as a whole.

Increasing the responsibility of the private

security sector can only be achieved by

improving training, jointly strengthening and

linking different control and control

mechanisms, in particular the inspection of

the MIA, the Army, the communal police and

the labor inspectorate, as well as the more

intense control of clients over the execution

of the contract.

Environmental crime is a serious crime,

often committed by organised crime groups,

that affects society as a whole, as its impact is

felt not only in the health of humans and

animals but also in the quality of air, soil and

water. The EU Serious and Organised Crime

Threat Assessment 2013 (SOCTA) identified

environmental crime as a specific emerging

threat that requires intensified monitoring.

Environmental crime also often involves a

cross‐border dimension, and the increase of

international trade and the abolition of border

controls within the Schengen area add to the

scope of the problem.

Despite the potentially grave

consequences of environmental crime,

particularly in the areas of illegal trafficking

of waste and trafficking of endangered

species, its seriousness is still often

underestimated at national and international

level.

In this context, Eurojust took the initiative

in 2013. to launch the „Strategic Project on

Environmental Crime‟. The goal of this report

is to summarise the findings of the Strategic

Project. It highlights the main problems

encountered by the national authorities in

prosecuting environmental crime and attempts

to present suggestions for addressing some

difficulties, particularly those linked to cross‐border cooperation. Another goal of this

report is to raise awareness among

practitioners, policy makers and legislators of

the necessity to improve, cooperation within

the European Union and internationally in this

important area.

I would like to express my gratitude to the

Member States and to Norway for their

valuable contributions to the Strategic Project.

These contributions were essential in

identifying andaddressing the main problems

in the investigation and prosecution of

environmental crime.

Particular thanks go also to the European

Network of Prosecutors for the Environment,

which co‐hosted the strategic meeting on

environmental crime in 2013. and to the

Commission, Europol, INTERPOL, the

IMPEL Trans‐frontier Shipment Prosecutors‟

Task Force and the CITES Secretariat for

their active participation and feedback during

that meeting.


89

Figure 7. Environmental crime also often involves a cross‐border dimension

6.CONCLUSION

Ecological safety has no limits and is a

global problems, task and obligation. In the

current geopolitical constellation of relations,

the UN organization appears as the main (not

the only) organization with capacities to take

care of the eco-security of the region and the

world.

In the context of modern challenges, risks

and threats to security at the national, regional

and global levels, which are reflected through

modern forms of inter-ethnic crises and

conflicts, it can be said that eco-security and

sustainable development issues are gaining in

importance.

Developing awareness of environmental

issues and sustainable development,

especially in areas where different ethnic

groups of people live (multicultural areas) and

coming into contacts that, historically viewed,

are marked by conflicts, intolerance and

conflicts, is linked to. The problems of

upbringing and education for the protection of

the environment and sustainable development

in a pluralistic and multicultural society.

The cooperation of the countries of the

region, continents and the world as a whole

contributes significantly to the prevention of

possible accidents in the field of eco-security

and is limited to the economic power of the

countries of the region. Fewer developed

countries are unable to cooperate effectively

with developed countries, especially if norms,

standards and rules of co-operation are

permanently imposed on them, which they

can not realize in a timely manner and

"respond" to possible hazards.

Today, in the post-modern environment

there is a certain disagreement from the

aspect of participation in environmental

degradation, which is determined by

industrial, economic, technological, military,

scientific and any other development of a

certain state, as well as its size, population

and natural resources. In this regard, it is

necessary to find adequate solutions / answers

on a global scale, with mandatory material

and professional assistance from the leading

countries in the world, along with the respect

of small and medium-sized countries, and

urgently plan priority tasks in the field of eco-

safety, bearing in mind the vulnerability of

the survival of the human species , Which


90

grows every day and warns of the harsh

reality of today. In everyday activities, it is necessary to

point out the importance of knowing the

principles and measures of security protection

of critical infrastructure (primarily public

devices and their parts exposed to theft) and

knowledge and proper use of legal protection

mechanisms in order to preserve the integrity

and credibility of public enterprises and

companies, but also The interests of national

and public security. Consideration should be

given to security and criminal aspects, the

problems of stealing parts of public utilities

for heat, gas, energy, water, sewage and other

resources, important for the supply of citizens

and the functioning of the economy in the

environment and rural areas.

Problems of illumination and proof of the

theft that endanger critical infrastructure

should be presented and analyzed through

reviews of relevant criminal law, detection

and resolution problems - difficulties in

implementing regulations, as well as proving

the theft of public equipment and parts in

criminal proceedings.

This topic is primarily intended for

executive management, responsible persons

and managers of corporate security services,

legal sector / service managers, that is,

everyone who is in any way related to

security and normative-legal affairs in

corporate governance, local self-governments,

enterprises and institutions, Companies and

other organizations.

The greatest efficiency is only possible in

the context of military-security decision-

making - integration of expert systems and

decision support systems, which is now one

of the major tasks of researchers in the

defense and security system in the Western

Balkans and the environment.

REFERENCES

[1] Акимов, Б.А., Новиков, В.Д. и

Радев Н.Н. (2001). Природные и

техногенные чрезвычайные

ситуации: опасности, угрозы,

риски. Москва: ЗАО ФИД.

[2] Amidžić B., Biočanin R. Nuklearni

udesi i zaštita, Nacionalna naučna

konferencija sa medjunarodnim

učešćem "ETRAN-2005", 05-10. jun

2005. Budva.

[3] Asotić M., Biočanin R. Osnovne

postavke savremenog društva,

Naučno-stručni časopis “PHERM-

HEALTH” br. 1, Farmaceutsko-

zdravstveni fakultet Travnik, Travnik,

2013.

[4] Biočanin R., ObhoĎaš S., Badić M.

Ekonomsko-energetska influenca-

reinženjering i paradigma

približavanja Evropskoj uniji, I

Simpozijum inovacionbih istraživanja,

Palata Srbije, 27-28. septembra 2011.

Beograd.

[5] Biočanin R., Škrbić V. Ekološka

bezbednost i održivi razvoj kao uslov

za evropske integracije, NUBL, Banja

Luka, 2011.

[6] Biočanin R., Obhodjaš S. ZagaĎivači

životne sredine, Internacionalni

univerzitet Travnik, Travnik 2011.

[7] Biočanin R. Humana ekologija,

Farmaceutsko-zdravstveni fakultet u

Travniku, Travnik, 2015.

[8] Biočanin R, Špijunović K, Dobričić-

Čevrljaković A. U lavirintu rizičnog

društva i put ka znanju, uz praćenje

trendova u zaštiti životne sredine,

XXXIII Simpozijum o operacionim

istraživanjima (SYM-OP-IS 2006). 03-

06. oktobar 2006. Beograd.

[9] Biočanin R. Quantification of

influences on environment in quality

system exellence, VIII Balkan

Conference on Operational research

(BALCOR-2007), 14-17. September

2007. Belgrade-Zlatibor.

[10] Čok V. MeĎunarodno-pravna

zaštita životne sredine, Bezbednost i

društvena samozaštita, Beograd, 4/90.

[11] Giddens A. The Third Way, The

Renewal of Social Democracy, Oxford,

Blackwll, 1998.

[12] Hopkins Michael, A Planetary

Bargain: Corporate Social

Responsibility Comes of Age Revisited,

Macmillan, UK, 2005.


91

[13] Javorović B. Policija i sigurnost,

Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 1997.

[14] Joldžić V. Ekološko pravo-opšti deo,

Institut za kriminološka i sociološka

istraživanja, Beograd, 1999.

[15] Jusufranić I. Prevoz putnika u

gradovima, Fakultet za saobraćaj i

komunikacije Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 1998.

[16] Jusufranić I., Biočanin R., Borojević

К. Innovation requirements in

sustainable agriculture with the

application of contemporary

biotechnology, Российская академия

наук ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский

государственный технический

университет», Воронеж, 2017.

УДК 631.147

[17] Kisindžer H. Diplomatija I, Verzal

pres, Beograd, 1999.

[18] Masleša R. Teorije i sistemi

sigurnosti, Magistrat, Sarajevo, 2001.

[19] Masleša R. Teorije i sistemi

sigurnosti, Univerzitet u Sarajevu,

Sarajevo, 2001.

[20] Mijanović K. Okolinski pristup

proizvodnim sistemima, PLANJAX –

Tešanj, 2008.

[21] Miletić S. Policijsko pravo,

Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd, 1997.

[22] Nešković S. Higher education reform

of western balkans countries with

traffic, ecology and sustainable

development, XVII International

conference “Trends, technological

innovation and digitalization in

transport, ecology and logistics in

sustainable development functions”,

11.-12. Maj/May 2018

[23] Todorović P. Autorizovana predavanja

iz Savremeni sistemi bezbjednosti,

odbrane i zaštite, Magistarske studije,

Fakultet civilne odbrane, Beograd,

2001.

[24] Ristić G. Bazic indicators of

integrated solid waste menagement,

Facta Univerzitatis, Series Working and

Living Environmental Protection, 2005.

[25] Robertson R. Globalization, London-

New York, Sage, 1992.

[26] Stefanov S., Nešković S., Biočanin R.

Atmospheric input of pollutants-

opportunity for innovation,

International conference “MARINE

RESEARCH HORIZON 2020“, 17-20.

September 2013., Sofia, Bulgaria.

[27] Tadić B. Nesvrstanost i meĎunarodna

bezbednost, u: Bezbednost i odbrana

nesvrstanih zemalja, Centar oružanih

snaga za strategijska istraživanja i

studije, Beograd, 1989.

[28] Tešić M., Biočanin R., Bilalović B.

Energy efficiency as a function of

sustainable development and

preservation of living environment, V

MeĎunarodno savjetovanje “Savremeni

trendovi u saobraćaju, logistici i

ekologiji u funkciji održivog razvoja“

23-24. maj 2014. Travnik, BiH.

[29] Tojnbee A. A Study of History,

prevod dr Miodraga Lukića, Prosveta,

Beograd, 1970.Tomkins, Kevin. Police,

Law Enforcement and the Environment.

Current Issues in Criminal Justice;

Volume 16, Issue 3; Mar 2005; 294-306

[30] White, R. 2003„Environmental Issues

and the Criminological Imagination‟,

Theoretical Criminology, 7(4): 483-506.

[31] Unković M. Održivi razvoj i

ekologija, Univerzitet Singidunum,

Beograd, 2012.

[32] Savić A. Nacionalna bezbednost,

Kriminalistiko-policijska akademija,

Beograd, 2007.

[33] Stefanov S., Biocanin R., Lutovac M.,

Radoman K. Technological Treatment

of Hazardous Chemical Waste.

Documents

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN …. Biocanin, M... · KEY WORDS: corporate governance, social responsibility, stakeholders, eco-crime, eco-security, ,sustainable