Coronary heart disease and solar Coronary heart disease and solar activity (the new data)activity (the new data)

Dr.Dr. Yury I. GurfinkelYury I. Gurfinkel M.D., Dr.M.D., Dr. of Med. Sc.of Med. Sc.

Central Clinical Hospital, JSC “Russian Railways”Central Clinical Hospital, JSC “Russian Railways”andand

Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSpace Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

yugurf@aha.ruyugurf@aha.ru

2007

Investigations of responsible Investigations of responsible mechanism of this influence on mechanism of this influence on living objects were began by living objects were began by Alexander TchijevskyAlexander Tchijevsky in in Russia. Russia.

Tchijevsky (1927) compared Tchijevsky (1927) compared epidemic diseases, sudden epidemic diseases, sudden cardiac death with solar cardiac death with solar activity and showed its activity and showed its correlations with Conrad correlations with Conrad Wolf`s number of sunspots. Wolf`s number of sunspots. Similar influence of solar Similar influence of solar activity on acute cardiological activity on acute cardiological pathology demonstrated by pathology demonstrated by M.Faure M.Faure and and G.SardouG.Sardou in in France (1927), B. and C.France (1927), B. and C.Dull Dull in in Germany (1937). Physical-Germany (1937). Physical-chemical approach started chemical approach started already in early sixties by already in early sixties by G.PiccardiG.Piccardi and was based on and was based on sensitivity of water to low level sensitivity of water to low level of energy of physical factors of energy of physical factors existing and fluctuating in existing and fluctuating in environment. environment.

Patients and method: Patients and method: the body of data on acutethe body of data on acute cardiovascular cardiovascular and cerebral pathology in seven medical independent centers was analyzed. and cerebral pathology in seven medical independent centers was analyzed.

The longest period of observation was 1The longest period of observation was 144 years. years.

Cases when it was not possible to establish exact dates of disease Cases when it was not possible to establish exact dates of disease were excluded from analysis!were excluded from analysis!

The total of a myocardial infarction cases amounted The total of a myocardial infarction cases amounted 10390,, and and

for brain stroke - for brain stroke - 15660. .

Magnetic activities data was provided by theMagnetic activities data was provided by theIZMIRAN Magnetic laboratory (Troitsk, Moscow Region) IZMIRAN Magnetic laboratory (Troitsk, Moscow Region) and processed using the imposed epoch method [Mustel, 1968].and processed using the imposed epoch method [Mustel, 1968].

The goal of investigation The goal of investigation to provide statistical evidence of to provide statistical evidence of geomagnetic influence on the rate of acute cardiovascular and geomagnetic influence on the rate of acute cardiovascular and cerebral pathologiescerebral pathologies

DateJanuary 1999

Myocardial infarction

Brainstroke

Myocardial Myocardial infarction infarction

TotalTotal

BrainBrainstroke stroke TotalTotal

mail female mail female mail female mail female 

01 

02 

03 

04 

….. 

The template for collecting data for one monthThe template for collecting data for one month

This is the template for collecting data for one month. It is very importantThis is the template for collecting data for one month. It is very important to collect patients with to collect patients with precisely established date of diseasesprecisely established date of diseases (but not a date of admission). (but not a date of admission).

Patients with unknown date of diseases should be excluded from study. It is very important. Patients with unknown date of diseases should be excluded from study. It is very important. Also it should be excluded all cases when diseases or death were as a result of surgeryAlso it should be excluded all cases when diseases or death were as a result of surgery

or an interventional methods (for example angiography or coronary angioplasty).or an interventional methods (for example angiography or coronary angioplasty).

biotropic coefficient biotropic coefficient kkббcc = = МА/МА/ММQQ

Average numbers of patients on a active Average numbers of patients on a active and quiet days were compared. and quiet days were compared. Biotropic Biotropic coefficientcoefficient as a quantitative measure of as a quantitative measure of frequency of cardiovascular diseases as a frequency of cardiovascular diseases as a function of geomagnetic activity calculated function of geomagnetic activity calculated for myocardial infarction and brain strokefor myocardial infarction and brain stroke

The information of the The information of the geomagnetic data provided by the IZMIRAN geomagnetic data provided by the IZMIRAN Magnetic laboratory (Troitsk, Moscow Region) and processed using Magnetic laboratory (Troitsk, Moscow Region) and processed using

the imposed epoch method [Mustel, 1968].the imposed epoch method [Mustel, 1968].

Parametersyears

The sum for all period

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001  

Total amount of cases 6969 116116 117117 116116 9696 8888 6161 108108 8686 8585 942942

Diurnal average number of patients, Diurnal average number of patients, in active days in active days , N1

2424 3737 3636 2727 1313 1313 1212 2525 3434 2121 242242

Duration of active periodDuration of active period, , daysdays 5757 8585 8787 5858 3434 3131 4848 7373 8686 5353 612612

Diurnal average number of patients, Diurnal average number of patients, in quiet days in quiet days, N2

4545 7979 8181 8989 8383 7575 4949 8383 5252 6464 700700

Duration of quiet periodDuration of quiet period, , daysdays 309309 280280 278278 307307 332332 334334 317317 292292 280280 312312 30413041

Diurnal average number of patients, Diurnal average number of patients, in one active day in one active day МА, patients/day

0,420,42 0,440,44 0,410,41 0,470,47 0,390,39 0,420,42 0,250,25 0,340,34 0,400,40 0,400,40 0,400,40

Diurnal average number of patients, Diurnal average number of patients, in one quiet day in one quiet day МQ, patients/day 0,150,15 0,280,28 0,290,29 0,290,29 0,250,25 0,220,22 0,150,15 0,280,28 0,190,19 0,200,20 0,230,23

Biotropic coefficientBiotropic coefficient

kkбтбт = = МА/МА/ММQQ

2,872,87 1,541,54 1,421,42 1,601,60 1,541,54 1,891,89 1,621,62 1,201,20 2,142,14 2,02,0 1,731,73

The The biotropic coefficientbiotropic coefficient for brain strokes patients in for brain strokes patients in Central Clinical Hospital for 1992-2001 yearsCentral Clinical Hospital for 1992-2001 years

HOSPITALSTHE PERIOD OF OBSERVATION

MYOCARDIALMYOCARDIALINFARCTIONINFARCTION (quantity of cases)

BRAIN BRAIN STROCKSTROCK

(quantity of cases)

Кbt forMYOCARDIALMYOCARDIALINFARCTIONINFARCTION

Кbt forBRAIN

STROCK

Central clinical hospital, Ministry of Railway Transportation (Moscow)

12 years(1992-2003гг.)

1440 1108 2,072,07 1,1,9966

Clinical hospital Russian Academy of Science (Troitzk, Moscow region)

5 years(1999-2003гг.)

342 256 1,91,900 2,02,033

Hospital for War veterans (Moscow)

7 years(1995-2001гг.)

1747 1,1,6969

City urgent hospital (Batumi, Georgia)

3,5 years (2000-2003гг.)

481 1351 1,931,93 2,02,088

City and regional hospitals (Kalinigrad, Russia)

1,5 years (2002-2003гг.)

630 1940 2,402,40 2,102,10

City hospital St.-Petersburg

4 years

(2001-2004 гг) 5191 5942 2.02.0 2,012,01

Benxi city Benxi city

hospital(China)hospital(China)3-7 years3-7 years

1999-20051999-2005

559YearsYears

2003-20052003-2005

5063Years

1999-2005

1.781.78 2.052.05

It was shown statistically that It was shown statistically that during geomagnetic during geomagnetic disturbances the frequency disturbances the frequency of myocardial infarction and of myocardial infarction and brain stroke cases increased brain stroke cases increased on the average twice in on the average twice in comparison with comparison with geomagnetic quite condition.geomagnetic quite condition.

New results of seven New results of seven data sources confirm data sources confirm results of our previous results of our previous investigation. investigation.

The cause of hospitals The cause of hospitals high high ККbtbt in comparison in comparison with ambulance with ambulance ККbtbt probably depends on probably depends on additional possibilities for additional possibilities for accurate laboratory and accurate laboratory and functional diagnostics in functional diagnostics in hospitals then in hospitals then in ambulance.ambulance.

The investigation is in a The investigation is in a progressprogress

Every hospital in any region of the world can Every hospital in any region of the world can

join with own datajoin with own datato general statistics using similar format for to general statistics using similar format for

its collecting its collecting

What is a pathway responsible for worsening patients suffering with CAD at the solar activity increasing?

Based on data of Belinson Medical Center (Israel) Based on data of Belinson Medical Center (Israel) E.Stoupel (1980) concluded that geomagnetic E.Stoupel (1980) concluded that geomagnetic disturbances increased the blood viscosity, disturbances increased the blood viscosity, coagulation and platelets aggregation. coagulation and platelets aggregation.

This observation made significant reasons for study This observation made significant reasons for study capillary blood flow in patients with coronary heart capillary blood flow in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) because transcapillary exchange is disease (CHD) because transcapillary exchange is very important for maintaining vital function of very important for maintaining vital function of organs and tissues.organs and tissues.

The appearance of new computer technologies and resources of The appearance of new computer technologies and resources of programming allowed developing a computer capillaroscope for non-programming allowed developing a computer capillaroscope for non-invasive measurement of the capillary diameters, blood flow velocity as invasive measurement of the capillary diameters, blood flow velocity as well as the perivascular area size and the number of the blood well as the perivascular area size and the number of the blood

aggregatesaggregates

Microcirculation studyMicrocirculation study

Cross-section of skinCross-section of skin

Scaly cells

CapillaresCapillares

Perivascular zone sizePerivascular zone size

Capillary blood flow in healthy volunteer Capillary blood flow in healthy volunteer

Х 550

Portable computer Portable computer capillaroscopes for capillaroscopes for

monitoring monitoring parameters of parameters of

microcirculation microcirculation

Patients and methodsPatients and methods

Microcirculation in capillaries studied in the cuticle Microcirculation in capillaries studied in the cuticle above the nail using vital noninvasive above the nail using vital noninvasive capillaroscopy with 550-fold magnification. A total capillaroscopy with 550-fold magnification. A total of 144 CAD patients (89 men and 55 women) of 144 CAD patients (89 men and 55 women) were tested during 10-14 days at fixed time and were tested during 10-14 days at fixed time and ambient temperature. Microcirculation daily data ambient temperature. Microcirculation daily data compared with daily values of the local compared with daily values of the local geomagnetic A-index, obtained from Geomagnetic geomagnetic A-index, obtained from Geomagnetic Observatory (IZMIRAN, Troitzk, Moscow region)Observatory (IZMIRAN, Troitzk, Moscow region)

The patient with CAD, 53 yearsThe patient with CAD, 53 years

One day before geomagnetic stormOne day before geomagnetic storm

Х 550

The same patientThe same patient

next day after beginning of geomagnetic stormnext day after beginning of geomagnetic storm

Х 550

(erythrocyte aggregates in the blood)

The investigation of capillary blood flow in The investigation of capillary blood flow in patients withpatients with coronary heart diseasecoronary heart disease (CHD)(CHD)

revealed a high dependence between revealed a high dependence between capillary flow and geomagnetic activitycapillary flow and geomagnetic activity

On the first days of geomagnetic storms, pathological On the first days of geomagnetic storms, pathological changes of microcirculation parameters were detected in changes of microcirculation parameters were detected in 68.5% CHD patients. On the second days of geomagnetic 68.5% CHD patients. On the second days of geomagnetic storms, pathological changes of microcirculation parameters storms, pathological changes of microcirculation parameters increased more and amount to 90,2 % in CHD patients. The increased more and amount to 90,2 % in CHD patients. The reaction of healthy volunteers on geomagnetic disturbances reaction of healthy volunteers on geomagnetic disturbances was not statistically significant for whole group. However, was not statistically significant for whole group. However, some of them reacted to the geomagnetic disturbances by some of them reacted to the geomagnetic disturbances by microcirculation disorders.microcirculation disorders.

диплом

Parallel Parallel studystudy of geomagnetic of geomagneticinfluence influence onon 32 patients with 32 patients with coronary heart diseasecoronary heart disease•on subjective - psychophysical and intellectual parameters on subjective - psychophysical and intellectual parameters •on frequency of on frequency of pulsepulse and arterial and arterial blood blood pressure pressure •on parameters of microcirculationon parameters of microcirculation•on results of 24-hour ECG monitoringon results of 24-hour ECG monitoring•on parameters of a hemostasis on parameters of a hemostasis

Parameters

N = 32

Patientswith angina

pectoris

Patientswith myocardial

infarction

n=22 %* n=10 %*

Arterial hypertension 12 54 6 60Postinfarction

cardiosclerosis9 45 5 50

DiabetesInsulin (+)Insulin (-)

1 4,5 11

20

HHeart eart failurefailure FC-1 FC-1 NYHA)NYHA) FC-2FC-2 FC-3FC-3 TotalTotal

741

12

54 5319

90

Disorders of heart rhythm 13 59 7 70

The characteristicThe characteristic of of patients patients

* Percentage in group

BPBP capillarycapillary flowflow

ECGECG 24- 24-hh

PhPh EE II PulsePulse syssys dyadya Disorders Disorders of heartof heartrhythmrhythm

STST BCTBCT PlateletsPlateletsaggregationaggregation

parametersparameters 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 44 44

00 44 44 55 55 66 66 ---- 44 66 11 11

11 33 33 22 11 11 11 44 11 11 22 33

22 ---- ---- ---- 11 ---- ---- 33 22 ---- 11 ----

33 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Evaluation of results by each techniques at 7 healthy volunteers Evaluation of results by each techniques at 7 healthy volunteers revealedrevealed at at quiet and active geomagnetic conditionsquiet and active geomagnetic conditions

PhPh - physical activity ; - physical activity ; EE - emotional condition ; - emotional condition ; II -intellectual activity ; -intellectual activity ; BPBP((syssys, , diadia) – ) – bloodblood pressure (systolic, diastolic ); pressure (systolic, diastolic );

CFCF- - capillary capillary flowflow; ; BCTBCT – – Blood coagulationBlood coagulation testtest; ; PLTPLT. –. –plateletsplatelets

0 - absence of any shifts of parameters 1 - small shifts of parameters

2 - significant shifts of parameters 3 – very significant shifts of parameters

PhPh EE II pulsepulse

BP atBP at 13.00 13.00

CFCF

ECGECG 24- 24-hhBPBP-24--24-hourshours

PLTPLT BCTplatelets platelets

aggregationaggregationSysSys DyaDya

DisordeDisorders of rs of heartheart

rhythmrhythmSTST SysSys DiaDia

parametersparameters 3232 3232 3232 2929 2929 2929 2323 2626 2222 55 55 1010 88 88

00 1717 2222 2929 1717 1616 2222 11 11 1111 22 55 66 -- 22

11 1111 99 33 99 1010 44 1414 88 33 33 ---- 33 55 33

22 33 11 ---- 33 33 33 77 99 77 -- ---- ---- ---- ----33 11 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 11 77 11 -- ---- 11 33 33

Evaluation of results by each technique in CHD patients revealed at quiet and active Evaluation of results by each technique in CHD patients revealed at quiet and active geomagnetic conditionsgeomagnetic conditions

PhPh - physical activity ; - physical activity ; EE - emotional condition ; - emotional condition ; II -intellectual activity ; -intellectual activity ; BPBP((syssys, , diadia) – ) – bloodblood pressure (systolic, diastolic ); pressure (systolic, diastolic );

CFCF- - capillary capillary flowflow; ; BCTBCT – – Blood coagulationBlood coagulation testtest; ; PLTPLT – –plateletsplatelets0 - 0 - absence of any shifts of parameters absence of any shifts of parameters

1 - small shifts of parameters 1 - small shifts of parameters 2 - significant shifts of parameters 2 - significant shifts of parameters

3 – 3 – very very significant shifts of parameters significant shifts of parameters

Holter 24-houre EKG-Holter 24-houre EKG-monitoring of CHD-patient during geomagnetic stormsmonitoring of CHD-patient during geomagnetic storms

Кольский полуостров , Кольский полуостров , 31 .03. 2001, 23 31 .03. 2001, 23 UTUT

фото С.Черноус, Н.Белишевойфото С.Черноус, Н.Белишевой

platelet aggregationplatelet aggregation andand blood coagulation blood coagulation in patients in patients

suffering with CHDsuffering with CHD We followed up 75 patients: 48 men (56 ± 8 years) and 27 women (60 ± 5 years) using We followed up 75 patients: 48 men (56 ± 8 years) and 27 women (60 ± 5 years) using platelet platelet

aggregometersaggregometers TROMLITE-1006A" (Russia-Germany) and "CHRONOLOG" (USA); as an TROMLITE-1006A" (Russia-Germany) and "CHRONOLOG" (USA); as an inducer of platelet aggregation was used adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Blood sampling inducer of platelet aggregation was used adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Blood sampling performed between 9-10 h AM on days with quiet and increased geomagnetic activity. performed between 9-10 h AM on days with quiet and increased geomagnetic activity.

Results:Results: The maximal rate of platelet aggregation The maximal rate of platelet aggregation (Vмакс)(Vмакс) had increased on active days in 77,3 had increased on active days in 77,3 % of patients in comparison with quiet geomagnetic conditions, the degree of aggregation% of patients in comparison with quiet geomagnetic conditions, the degree of aggregation ( (АтАт)) had increased in 88 % of patients. Time of aggregationhad increased in 88 % of patients. Time of aggregation ( (ТагрТагр)) has decreased in 74 % of all has decreased in 74 % of all patients. Thus, this test showed high sensitivity of patients to geomagnetic disturbances.patients. Thus, this test showed high sensitivity of patients to geomagnetic disturbances.

Blood sampling for coagulation test accomplished simultaneously with blood sampling for Blood sampling for coagulation test accomplished simultaneously with blood sampling for platelet aggregation also in 75 patients. Graphical registration of blood clot formation and platelet aggregation also in 75 patients. Graphical registration of blood clot formation and change of its consistence in time carried out using “Trombelastograph” (Russia). change of its consistence in time carried out using “Trombelastograph” (Russia).

Significant change revealed in 82 % of patients only for time from the moment of blood Significant change revealed in 82 % of patients only for time from the moment of blood sampling to the beginning of formation of a clot. Other parameters of the coagulation test did sampling to the beginning of formation of a clot. Other parameters of the coagulation test did not changed significantly.not changed significantly.

ParametersParameters

Patients with angina pect.Patients with angina pect. Patients without angina pect.Patients without angina pect.

Total amount in group

%%

in groupin group

Total amount in group

%%

in groupin group

Men Men (56 ± 8(56 ± 8 )) 3434 59,659,6 14 14 77,77,77

Women Women (60 ± 5)(60 ± 5) 2323 40,440,4 4 4 22,22,33

total in grouptotal in group 57 57 76 76 ** 18 18 24 24 **

Arterial hypertensiaArterial hypertensia 31 31 54,354,3 5 5 27,727,7

PPostinfarction ostinfarction cardiosclerosis cardiosclerosis

2424 42,142,1 6 6 33,3 33,3

DiabetesDiabetes 11 11 19,219,2 1 1 5,5 5,5

HHeart failureeart failure 25 25 43,843,8 5 5 27,7 27,7

Disorders of heart Disorders of heart rhythmrhythm 11 11 19,219,2 12 12 66,5 66,5

* percentage from total of patients (n=75)

The comparative clinical characteristic of patients (n=75)

The influence ofThe influence of geomagnetic activity on platelets aggregation, blood coagulation, geomagnetic activity on platelets aggregation, blood coagulation, microcirculation in patients suffering with CHDmicrocirculation in patients suffering with CHD

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

R K S T Am

СпокойнаяВозмущенная

R - time of reaction - time from a blood sampling to the beginning of clot formation - characterizes process of thromboplastin formation and prothrombin transformation into thrombin (p <0.01 )

К - время коагуляции - от конца R до образования сгустка определённой (условной) плотности, в нашемслучае соответствует амплитуде 10 мм, - характеризует скорость образования фибрина. S - Индекс Синереза - от конца R до образования сгустка наибольшей прочности - характеризует скоростьобразования фибрина, его ретракции. Т - общее время формирования сгустка - от забора крови до максимальной амплитуды - показывает интенсивность формирования сгустка и общее время ретракции. Ам - максимальная амплитуда - определяется прочностью кровяного сгустка.

Blood coagulationBlood coagulation in quiet and in quiet and active active geomagnetic conditions geomagnetic conditions inin 75 75 CHD CHD patients patients

Т (min)

Ам (мм)

10 мм

КRR (min)

S

blood sampling

quietquiet

activeactive

VVмамаxx - - the maximal speed of the maximal speed of aggregation - characterizes speed aggregation - characterizes speed of of platelets platelets activationactivationand primary aggregationand primary aggregation in in secondsseconds

АтАт - - degree of aggregation – degree of aggregation – quantityquantity of platelets of platelets entered entered reaction of aggregation in reaction of aggregation in percentage percentage

ТТааgggg - - time before the maximal time before the maximal aggregation (time of aggregation)aggregation (time of aggregation) in secondsin seconds

Platelets aggregation study inin 7575 CAD CAD patients patients

Ат %

Таgg.(s)

Vмаx. %/s

IntroductionInductor ofaggregation

s

QQuiuietet ActActiivv DifferencesDifferences(М ±(М ±mm))

Difference%%

VVмаксмакс (%/s)n=75 1,08 1,22 0,14 ± 0,03

p < 0.0112,9

n=14During MS

1.091.09 1.311.31 0,22±0.040,22±0.04 p < 0.01p < 0.01

20.120.1

АтАт (%)n=75

61 69 8 ± 1p < 0.02

13,1

n=14During MS

6262 7777 15 ± 215 ± 2p < 0.05p < 0.05

2424

ТаТаgggg (s)n=75

253 234 -19 ± 5p < 0.02

7,6

n=14During MS

249 238238 -11 ± 4p < 0.05

6

Platelets Platelets are a key are a key component in the component in the

process of thrombus process of thrombus formationformation

(PWV)(PWV) pulse wave velocity (ED)(ED) endothelial dysfunctionendothelial dysfunction

Interest in, and measurement of, the velocity of arterial wave propagation as an Interest in, and measurement of, the velocity of arterial wave propagation as an index of vascular stiffness and vascular health dates back to the early part of index of vascular stiffness and vascular health dates back to the early part of the last century.the last century. The endothelium has a powerful effect on blood vessel tone The endothelium has a powerful effect on blood vessel tone and regulates blood flow, adjusts coagulation and blood thickening, and and regulates blood flow, adjusts coagulation and blood thickening, and secretes chemicals and other substances in response to wounds, infections or secretes chemicals and other substances in response to wounds, infections or irritation. It also plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular irritation. It also plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. disease.

Using specially designed device (AMDT, Russia) for noninvasive evaluation of Using specially designed device (AMDT, Russia) for noninvasive evaluation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial dysfunction, we performed pilot pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial dysfunction, we performed pilot study for understanding possible influence of geomagnetic activity on PWV and study for understanding possible influence of geomagnetic activity on PWV and ED. Obtained results, suggested that during active geomagnetic conditions this ED. Obtained results, suggested that during active geomagnetic conditions this parameters of vascular system can change significantly.parameters of vascular system can change significantly.

Preliminary researches of an endothelial function allows to estimate Preliminary researches of an endothelial function allows to estimate quantitatively a condition of sympathoadrenal systems at the moment of quantitatively a condition of sympathoadrenal systems at the moment of research.research.

Thus, for the first time there is an opportunity to estimate in dynamics reaction Thus, for the first time there is an opportunity to estimate in dynamics reaction sympathoadrenal system on influence of environmental factors.sympathoadrenal system on influence of environmental factors.

Ultrasound examination of blood flow and Ultrasound examination of blood flow and endothelial function on brachial and radial endothelial function on brachial and radial arteries before and after standard arteries before and after standard hyperemia test.hyperemia test.

Device for pulse wave velocity Device for pulse wave velocity and endotelial function and endotelial function

measurementmeasurement

Measurement of pulse wave velocityMeasurement of pulse wave velocity

The ESR-graphy of blood of 13 patients with CHD (9 women, 48-83 years old, and 4 men, 63-83 years old) and two healthy volunteers (54 and 55 years old) was performed on at least 2 different days with different geomagnetic activity for each case. All the patients were examined within 10 days after a heart attack. Myocardial infarction was confirmed in 11 patients.

The blood was sampling by venous or finger puncture and stabilized with 3,2% sodium citrate (9:1). In parallel experiments with venous or finger blood of the same donor no significant differences in blood behavior was noted. The stabilized blood was used within 2 hours after the extraction. The blood was placed into glass pipettes with an internal diameter of 1±0,1 mm to make a 100 mm high blood column. The pipettes were fixed in special holders in which the bottom opening of the capillary was tightly closed. The holders were placed into the device for multi-channel high temporal resolution of blood sedimentation rate, the “ESR scan”

Schematic of the ESR scanSchematic of the ESR scan (1) light source, (2) the stand at which pipettes filled with blood(1) light source, (2) the stand at which pipettes filled with blood

(3) are fixed, (4) the lens,(3) are fixed, (4) the lens,(5), (6) elements of light detecting and scanning system, (5), (6) elements of light detecting and scanning system,

(7) ambient light protecting case, (7) ambient light protecting case, ((88)) PC PC..

ESR plots showing the change in the position of the boundary between the redESR plots showing the change in the position of the boundary between the red blood and the plasma on 4 different days for patient blood and the plasma on 4 different days for patient with CHDwith CHD. . Color plot is the day Color plot is the day of a geomagnetic storm of a geomagnetic storm (30.01.99)(30.01.99)

DiscussionDiscussion Our experimental studies indicate that geomagnetic activities Our experimental studies indicate that geomagnetic activities

influence on blood and vessels of CHD patients. The revealed influence on blood and vessels of CHD patients. The revealed disorders could suggest an essential role of blood in disorders could suggest an essential role of blood in magnetoreception. magnetoreception.

Red blood cells (RBS) are extremely sensitive to electromagnetic Red blood cells (RBS) are extremely sensitive to electromagnetic forces. Their ability to adsorb and process light provides a means for forces. Their ability to adsorb and process light provides a means for transmitting and integrating light and magnetic information. RBCs are transmitting and integrating light and magnetic information. RBCs are plausibly the cells that transmit the information collected to the pineal plausibly the cells that transmit the information collected to the pineal and perhaps elsewhere in the brain and in the heart via biophotonic and perhaps elsewhere in the brain and in the heart via biophotonic emission (Dillon, 2003, Gurfinkel, 2004).emission (Dillon, 2003, Gurfinkel, 2004).

We suggest that geomagnetic fluctuations acting on blood, brain, We suggest that geomagnetic fluctuations acting on blood, brain, adrenals involve the adaptation system. This leads to the appearance adrenals involve the adaptation system. This leads to the appearance in blood adrenals hormones that responsible for activation of the in blood adrenals hormones that responsible for activation of the clotting system, rise in aggregation and spasm in the afferent vessels clotting system, rise in aggregation and spasm in the afferent vessels of the microcirculatory network. In persons suffering from CHD, the of the microcirculatory network. In persons suffering from CHD, the foreground problem is the reversibility of these pathological foreground problem is the reversibility of these pathological processes. processes.

ГЕОМАГНИТНОЕ ВОЗМУЩЕНИЕ

Магниторецепторы мозга

Гипоталамус +катехоламины

Повышенный выброс гормонов надпочечников

Повышение общего периферическогосопротивления

Повышение артериального давления

Дополнительная нагрузка на миокард

Нарушения сердечного ритма

Фатальныеаритмии

Тканевые магниторецепторы

Дестабилизация ионных насосов

Десинхронизация процессов на разных уровнях

Повышение потребности миокарда в кислороде

Ишемия миокарда

Уменьшение сердечного выброса

Магниторецепторынадпочечников

Спазм прекапилляров

Повышение агрегации тромбоцитов

Сладж-феномен

Гиперкоагуляция

Замедление скорости капиллярного кровотока

?

Author expresses Author expresses

  appreciation to all colleagues involved in these researchesappreciation to all colleagues involved in these researches

Prof. Vladimir VoeikovProf. Vladimir Voeikov Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology

Dr.Ludmila Parfenova, M.D., Ph.D.Dr.Ludmila Parfenova, M.D., Ph.D.Central Clinical Hospital, JSC “Russian RailwaysCentral Clinical Hospital, JSC “Russian Railways

Tamara Tamara andand Eugenia Mitrofanova Eugenia Mitrofanova Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio wave Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio wave

Propagation of Russian Academy of SciencesPropagation of Russian Academy of Sciences

Research in part supported by grant RGSF Research in part supported by grant RGSF № 02-06-251№ 02-06-251

Dr. Dr. Zhou YuequnZhou YuequnBenxi city hospital, ChinaBenxi city hospital, China

Dr. Leonid Dr. Leonid KukuyKukuy and Marina Trubina and Marina TrubinaCityCity hospital (Pokrovskaya bolnitza),

Russian State Hydrometeorological University St.-PetersburgSt.-Petersburg