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Coronary Heart Disease
Complex Disease Initiated by injury/damage to inner
lining of the coronary arteries Build up of atherosclerotic (fatty)
plaque causing blockage Plaque consists of fat deposits. Made worse by smoking, high
cholesterol, inactivity, diabetes, hypertension and genetic factors
Physical Activity or Exercise?
Physical Activity (PA)Washing the carCleaning windowsWalking the dog
ExercisePlannedOrganised Controlled
The Circulation
Why Exercise or Increase Activity?
To Improve CirculationO² & NutritionRemove Waste
Products
The Heart and Circulation
Cardio Vascular Exercise Benefits:
More heart strength and circulation reduces risk factors
Body circulation also improves with Resistance and Interval training
Risk Factor Reduction through exercise
Blood Pressure LDL (bad cholesterol) HDL (good cholesterol) Insulin Sensitivity Glucose (sugar) Metabolism Body Fat Anxiety and Depression
Long term Exercise Adaptations
Increased Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO²) At any given level of Sub Max Exercise:
Reduced Heart Rate & Systolic Blood Pressure• Therefore reduced work load on the heart.
Reduced risk of arrhythmias due to reduced catecholamine (adrenaline)
Up to 20% Improvement in Physical Capacity seen in Heart Failure patients!
Why do we have a heart? Too move blood around the body, working
against gravity Other mechanisms that aid return of blood
to heart are: Inhalation – suction Valves in veins Muscles that surround the veins.
Therefore Keep breathing Keep moving your feet
Exercise Recommendations for a Healthy Heart
30 minutes of Cardio Vascular Exercise
3 – 5 Times a Week 70 - 80% max Heart Rate
Frequency, Intensity, Time (F.I.T) Exercise Model
o Frequency - 3 - 5 times per week
o Intensity - 70 - 80% max heart rate
o Time - 30 mins at intensity
Types of Exercise
Cardio Vascular –Large muscles, rhythmic + continuous, using O². Getting a little breathless e.g. walking briskly, swimming, jogging
Interval Training (exercise - rest - exercise)
Resistance Work – Light Weights – 1 set of 15 Reps – increase metabolic tissue mass
Your Exercise Program
15 Minutes Warming Up inc. stretching
30 Minutes of Cardio Vascular exercise (achieve through interval training if necessary)
5 – 10 Minutes of Resistance (can be used in intervals to start with)
10 Minutes Cool Down
Individual Exercise Programs
Will Vary Depending on:Previous Fitness LevelsType of Cardiac IncidentArea of the heart affectedMedicationsOther problems: – arthritis, old
injuries etc
General Rules
Allow an hour after a meal Have a drink of water handy 1 litre Avoid extremes of temperature
18-22oC and dress accordingly Feel a little breathless – Not
speechless! Gradually Increases (Frequency.
Intensity. Time)
Do’s and Don’ts
Don’t Exercise if you are feeling unwell. Do have GTN spray/tablets with you Do pace yourself. Do heed warning signs too STOP:
PainBreathlessnessDizziness etc
Medication & Exercise Medication and Exercise work well
together. Never stop taking a medication because you are going to Exercise
Beta Blockers & ACE Inhibitors. ACE Inhibitors aid exercise capacity in the long-term.
Check with your GP before commencing a new exercise or physical activity regime.
Avoid Contraindicated Exercises
Static non-moving Exercise Heavy weights Arms above the Head for any length
of time Standing still Holding your breath Becoming thirsty
Summary
Decide on your level of physical activity capacity
Warm up and cool down
Progress gradually (F.I.T) Aim for 30 mins. Cardio Vascular 3 – 5 times a
week Be alert to symptoms - listen too your body
Balance Medication and eating times with
exercise.
Chose an activity you enjoy with friends
Avoid contraindicated exercise