Coronary Artery Disease Ahmet Ipek Ahmet Demirel

7/31/2019 Coronary Artery Disease Ahmet Ipek Ahmet Demirel

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CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Ahmet pek

PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION IV.CLASS

V.COURSE

Ahmet Demirel


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one of two blood vessels that branch from theaorta close to its point of departure from the heartand carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

Both arteries supply blood to the walls of bothlower chambers (ventricles) and to the partitionbetween the chambers. The right coronary arterysupplies blood to the right upper chamber

(atrium), while the left supplies the left atrium.Blockage of any branch of the coronary arteriescauses death of a portion of the heart tissue whenit is deprived of oxygen-rich blood


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Heart disease is a result of plaque buildup in

your coronary arteries -- a condition called

atherosclerosis -- that leads to blockages.

The arteries, which start out smooth andelastic, become narrow and rigid, restricting

blood flow to the heart. The heart becomes

starved of oxygen and the vital nutrients itneeds to pump properly.


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From a young age, cholesterol-laden plaque can start to deposit in theblood vessel walls. As you get older, the plaque burden builds up,inflaming the blood vessel walls and raising the risk of blood clots andheart attack. The plaques release chemicals that promote the process ofhealing but make the inner walls of the blood vessel sticky. Then, othersubstances, such as inflammatory cells, lipoproteins, and calcium that

travel in your bloodstream start sticking to the inside of the vessel walls. Eventually, a narrowed coronary artery may develop new blood vessels

that go around the blockage to get blood to the heart. However, duringtimes of increased exertion or stress, the new arteries may not be ableto supply enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

In some cases, a blood clot may totally block the blood supply to the

heart muscle, causing heart attack. If a blood vessel to the brain isblocked, usually from a blood clot, an ischemic stroke can result. If ablood vessel within the brain bursts, most likely as a result ofuncontrolled hypertension (high blood pressure), a hemorrhagic strokecan result.


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Cardiac ischemia occurs when plaque and fatty matter narrow theinside of an artery to a point where it cannot supply enoughoxygen-rich blood to meet your heart's needs. Heart attack canoccur - with or without chest pain and other symptoms.

Ischemia is most commonly experienced during:

Exercise or exertion Eating

Excitement or stress

Exposure to cold

Coronary artery disease can progress to a point where ischemia

occurs even at rest. And ichemia can occur without any warningsigns in anyone with heart disease, although it is more commonin people with diabetes.


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The most common symptom of coronary artery disease is angina,or chest pain. Angina can be described as a heaviness, pressure,aching, burning, numbness, fullness, squeezing or painful feeling.It can be mistaken for indigestion or heartburn. Angina is usuallyfelt in the chest, but may also be felt in the left shoulder, arms,neck, back, or jaw.

Other symptoms that can occur with coronary artery diseaseinclude:

Shortness of breath

Palpitations (irregular heart beats, skipped beats, or a "flip-flop"feeling in your chest)

A faster heartbeat Weakness or dizziness

Nausea

Sweating


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Your doctor can tell if you have coronary arterydisease by:

Talking to you about your symptoms, medical history,and risk factors.

Performing a physical exam. Performing diagnostic tests, including an

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG),exercisestresstests, electron beam (ultrafast) CT scans, cardiaccatheterization, and others. These tests help yourdoctor evaluate the extent of your coronary heartdisease, its effect on the function of your heart andthe best form of treatment for you.


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Treatment for coronary artery disease involves makinglifestyle changes, taking medications, possibly undergoinginvasive and/or surgical procedures, and seeing yourcardiologist for regular checkups.

Reduce your risk factors. If you smoke, quit. Avoid high-cholesterol foods and adopt a low-fat, low-salt diet. Keepyour blood sugar in control if you have diabetes. Exercisemore to maintain a healthy weight (but talk to your doctorbefore you starting an exercise program).

Medications. If making lifestyle changes isn't enough tocontrol your heart disease, medications may be needed tohelp your heart work more efficiently and receive moreoxygen-rich blood. The drugs you are on depend on youand your specific heart problem.


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Surgery and other procedures. Common procedures totreat coronary artery disease include balloon angioplasty(PTCA), stent placement, and coronary artery bypasssurgery. All of these procedures increase blood supply toyour heart, but they do not cure coronary heart disease.

You will still need to decrease your risk factors to preventfuture disease.

Doctors are also studying several innovative ways to treatheart disease. Here are a couple of the more promisingones:

Angiogenesis. This involves giving substances, such asstem cells and other genetic material, through the vein ordirectly into damaged heart tissue to trigger the growth ofnew blood vessels to bypass the clogged ones.


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EECP (Enhanced ExternalCounterpulsation). Patients who havechronic angina but are not helped by nitrate

medications or who do not qualify for varioussurgeries and procedures may find relief with

EECP. The outpatient procedure involves

using treatment cuffs placed on the legs thatinflate and deflate, increasing the blood

supply that feeds coronary arteries.


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Learn to recognize yourheart disease symptoms and thesituations that cause them. Call your doctor if you begin to havenew symptoms or if they become more frequent or severe. If youor someone you are with experiences chest discomfort, especiallyif there is shortness of breath, heart palpitations, dizziness, a fastheart beat, nausea or sweating, don't wait longer than a fewminutes to call 911 for help.

If you have angina and have been prescribed nitroglycerin, callyour doctor or have someone take you to the nearest emergencyroom if pain persists after taking two doses (taken at five-minuteintervals) or after 15 minutes.

Emergency personnel may tell you to chew an aspirin to helpbreak up a possible blood clot, if there is not a medical reason foryou to avoid aspirin.
http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-symptoms-typeshttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-18030-nitroglycerin+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-3-ASPIRIN+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1082&drugname=Aspirin+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-3-ASPIRIN+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=1082&drugname=Aspirin+Oralhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-18030-nitroglycerin+oral.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-symptoms-types


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Coronary Artery Disease Ahmet Ipek Ahmet Demirel