Name _____________________________________________________ Date _______________ Period _____

Mexican-American War and Gold Rush Lecture Notes

Topic/Objective:4.7: Manifest Destiny in California & the Southwest

Essential Question:How did the ‘Mexican-American War’ contribute to the growth of the western United States?

1)

2) What did the United States acquire in the ‘Treaty of GuadalupeHidalgo’?

3)

4) How did the revoltend?

Mexican-American War James Polk, the 11th President was determined to complete the nation’s

‘_____________________________’ When the United States annexed ___________, tensions with Mexico (who had

declined an effort from Polk to purchase land) ran high- Mexico never accepted Texas independence- or their joining the _____________________________

To spark conflict- Polk moved American troops into a disputed border region- and in April ___________ after a clash of Mexican and American forces- ___________________ declared war

The war was generally ________________- and thousands volunteered to fight The war was fought on several fronts across the ____________________ General Winfield Scott led a successful campaign south to capture

__________________________ and force an end to the war War officially ended in 1848 with the Treaty of ___________________________

Mexico had to ‘_______’ all of California and New Mexico to U.S. (Mexican Cession)- Mexico received $_________________ in exchange

In 1853, the U.S. gave Mexico an additional $10 million for the ‘___________________________’ acquiring a narrow strip of land to complete a railroad line

Bear Flag Revolt (June-July 1846) Tensions in California between American settlers and Mexican government

control were high by _________ Mexico distrusted _________________ settlers after Texas- and American

settlers feared backlash from the impending war with ___________________ In the spring of 1846, the American army officer and explorer John C. Fremont

arrived at _______________________ (near modern-day Sacramento) with a small corps of soldiers.

Officially as a ‘scientific survey’- but the timing is suspicious June 14, 1846, a party of more than 30 Americans invaded the largely

defenseless Mexican outpost of ________________ just north of San Francisco. Fremont and his soldiers did not participate, though he had given his tacit

_______________________ of the attack. Men surrounded the home of the retired Mexican general Mariano __________

(1807-90) and informed him that he was a prisoner of war- After bloodless victory at Sonoma, men declared California an independent republic

After the rebels won a few minor skirmishes with Mexican forces, Fremont officially took command of the so-called Bear Flaggers and occupied the unguarded ____________________ of San Francisco on July 1.

Six days later, Fremont learned that American forces had taken ______________ without a fight and officially raised the American flag over California- Since the ultimate goal of the Bear Flaggers was to make California part of the United States, they now saw little reason to preserve their “_____________________.”

Reduce & Recite Record for Review

5)

6) What impact did the‘Gold Rush’ have on San Francisco and California?

7) What battles werefought over resources (land/water) in California?

8)

The Gold Rush James Marshall, working in _______________________ (North of Sacramento)

discovered gold in 1848 Despite efforts to keep the news a secret, word spread around the globe- leading

to ‘________________________’ More than ___________ Americans, Australians, Chinese, Europeans, and South

Americans flocked to California in 1849 (Earning the nickname ‘forty-niners’) Very few struck it rich- the surface gold disappeared quickly, and mining was

taken over by large _______________________ operations The most successful group were merchants- people who opened supply stores,

hotels, restaurants, etc- which made _______________ from the gold seekers Between January 1848 and December 1849 California’s population increased

from ______________ to ________________ Would remain the largest city west of Mississippi until 1920 (Los Angeles)

The population surge and mineral wealth put California on the fast track to _____________________

Impact on the West The _______ and the ________ rush led to a population influx in the west- many

soldiers or miners stayed in the __________ and found jobs and took up farming Disputes over _________ rights in California- fought between mining companies

and farmers needing water for their crops- began- and still continue to this day Many Mexicanos (Mexicans living in the Mexican Cession) would lose their

_________ through challenges in the American legal system (Despite the Treaty of ________________________________ stating that the U.S. would recognize and protect Mexican land claims)

Native American population in California in 1846: _________________; population in 1870: __________________________

Diverse ________________ emerged as people arrived from around the world- demand for women led to barriers in social status and marriage changing

Compromise of ___________ Admitted _____________________ as a free state (slavery to be

determined by popular sovereignty in territories) Ended slave trade in Washington, D.C.- and created a new, more

powerful ‘__________________________________________’Reflect & SummarizeIn your own words and in complete sentences, write a 5-6 sentence summary paragraph. Your summary should cover the main concepts of the notes, be accurate, and have adequate details. The goal of the summary is to answer the essential question from the reading assignment.