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Core. - the center of the Earth. Mantle. the middle of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock. Crust. the surface layer of the Earth that includes the continents and oceans. Continental Drift. - the theory of how Earth’s continents move over its surface. Plate Tectonics. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Core

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-the center of the Earth

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Mantle

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the middle of the Earth made up of molten (melted) rock

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Crust

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the surface layer of the Earth that includes the continents and oceans

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Continental Drift

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-the theory of how Earth’s continents move over its surface

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Plate Tectonics

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-the theory of how the continents move on giant crustal plates over

the mantle of the Earth

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Earthquake

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-a sudden movement of the Earth’s crust

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Landform

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-a natural feature of the surface of the Earth that has a particular shape

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Mountain

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-a landform caused by the uplift of the Earth’s crust; created when two crustal plates press against

each other; this landform can also be caused by volcanoes

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Growth

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-creation of new landforms (by crustal movements, harden lava

flow and/or deposition of sediments)

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Flow

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-movement of material (such as lava, mud or water/ice)

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Constructive Forces

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-actions that build up or construct landforms

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Destructive Forces

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-actions that wear down or destroy landforms

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Volcano

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-an opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash and gases

flow

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Magma

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-the melted rock under Earth’s surface; magma flows in the mantle

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Lava

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-melted rock flowing on the surface of the Earth, usually from volcanoes

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Weathering

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-the process of breaking rock into soil, sand and other tiny pieces

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Erosion

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-the process of moving sediments from one place to another

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Deposition

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-the process of dropping (depositing) sediment in a new location

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Beach

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-gently sloping shore next to a body of water, washed by waves or tides, often covered by sand and pebbles.

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Dune

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-a mound, hill or ridge of wind-blown sand

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Glacier

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-a large river of ice that moves very slowly; will create a u shaped valley

between mountains

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Valley

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-a low area between hills and mountains; v-shaped valleys are formed by rivers; u-shaped are

formed by glaciers

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Plain

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-a nearly level area that has been eroded or where material has been

deposited

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Plateau

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-a nearly level area that has been uplifted

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Flood

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-when water get higher than normal and flows onto dry land

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Floodplain

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-the land that gets covered by water from a stream or river during a flood

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Canyon

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-a long, narrow, deep valley with steep walls that is formed by running

water cutting into the Earth

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Meander

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-a curve or loop in a river

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Delta

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-a fan shaped deposit at the mouth of a river

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Groundcover

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-small plants that grow on the forest floor or in a field (mosses,

ferns and grasses)

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Sediments

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-pieces of rock or earth that have been broken down by weathering

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Sedimentary Rock

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-rock formed by the deposit of sediments that undergo pressure over time

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Fossils

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-a trace of a plant or animal from long ago (millions of years) that is

embedded in the Earth’s crust.

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Soil

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-the top layer of the Earth’s surface that is made of rocks, minerals and

plant material

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Bedrock

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-the rock layer that is under the soil

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Topsoil

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-the upper, dark soil where plants grow

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Humus

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-the decomposing remains of dead plants and animals

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Natural Resources

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-materials found in the environment that are not

manmade

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Renewable Resource

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-a resource that CAN be replaced in a short amount of time

examples: plants, animals, water, oxygen, soil, wind, ocean tides)

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Nonrenewable Resources

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-a resource that CANNOT be replaced in short time

examples: oil, natural gas, coal, minerals, rock

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Recycle

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-to reprocess discarded material (aluminum cans, plastic, paper)

to form new products

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Fossil Fuels

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materials formed from decayed remains of ancient plants and

animals that are burned to produce heat; coal, oil, and natural gas