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CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

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Page 1: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

CORE RS 08The Blood

FunctionsComponents

Formation of blood cells

Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Page 2: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Functions of Blood Transportation

O2, nutrients, waste, hormones, heat

Regulation—maintain homeostasis of body fluids Regulate pH, body temperature, maintain fluid

volume Protection

Clotting prevents loss of fluids White blood cells protect against disease Blood proteins protect against disease

Page 3: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Physical characteristics and volume Salty and metallic tasting More dense than water Slightly alkaline, pH between 7.35 and 7.45 Temperature ~ 38o C or 100.4o F Makes up 8% of body weight Volume in adult males is 5-6 L and in

females 4-5 L

Page 4: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Blood components Blood plasma 55% Formed elements 45%

RBCs—measurement is hematocrit

Leukocytes and platelets

Page 5: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Blood plasma Includes over 100 different dissolved

solutes

Page 6: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Formed elements

Page 7: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Erythrocyte structure Flexible structure, large surface

area Lack a nucleus and other

organelles. 33% of weight is hemoglobin

molecules. Other proteins include

antioxidants and those to maintain RBC shape (spectrin)

Page 8: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Erythrocyte function Dedicated to carry respiratory gas

Page 9: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Hematopoiesis Occurs in the red bone marrow in reticular

connective tissue next to blood sinusoids Arises from pleuripotent hemocytoblast. Appearance of receptors that respond to

hormones leads to specialization. Erythropoeitin initiates erythropoiesis

15 days

Page 10: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Regulation of RBCs

Page 11: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Dietary needs to produce RBCs Iron, AAs, lipids, and carbohydrates. Iron is absorbed from the diet

65% found in hemoglobin The rest stored in liver, spleen and bone marrow

Iron is toxic and requires transferrin as a transporter

Some iron is lost in feces and menstrual blood

Vitamin B12 and folic acid are necessary for DNA synthesis

Page 12: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Fate and death of RBCs RBCs have a lifespan of 100 to 120 days Age makes them less flexible and the

hemoglobin begins to degenerate. Old RBCs get trapped in the small

capillaries of the spleen Macrophages destroy and digest RBCs

Heme and globin are separated Globin broken down into AAs Haptoglobin captures hemoglobin in plasma

that escapes from RBCs

Page 13: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche
Page 14: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche
Page 15: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Erythrocyte disorders Anemias

Low hematocrit Low hemoglobin content Abnormal hemoglobin

Thalassemias Sickle-cell anemia

Polycythemia Polycythemia vera Secondary polycythemia

Blood doping

Page 16: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Leukocytes or White Blood Cells

WBCs have a nucleus and other organelles.

WBCs can emigrate--slip out of blood vessels.

When out of the blood stream the WBC moves using amoeboid motion.

Use chemical chemotaxis to follow trail to infection or damaged tissue.

Page 17: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Leukocytes

Page 18: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Types of WBCs: Granular leukocytes Neutrophils—multilobed nucleus,

inconspicuous granules Eosinophils—bilobed nucleus, red granules Basophils—lobed nucleus, purple-black

cytoplasmic granules

Page 19: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Types of WBCs: Agranular leukocytes

Lymphocyte—nucleus spherical or indented, pale blue cytoplasm

Monocytes—nucleus U or kidney shaped, gray-blue cytoplasm

Page 20: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Production of leukocytes Leukopoiesis is stimulated by interleukins

and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) Pluripotent stem cells have the capacity to

differentiate into several types of cells. Myeloid stem cells Lymphoid stem cell

Page 21: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche
Page 22: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Leukocyte disorders Leukopenia—low WBC count Leukemia—unchecked growth of a single

unspecialized clone Acute leukemia occurs if it derives from blast-type

cells Chronic leukemia occurs if it derives from later

stages Bone marrow is compromised and defense system

becomes nonfunctional Infectious mononucleosis derives from

excessive numbers of agranulocytes (Epstein-Barr virus)

Page 23: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Platelets Under the influence of thrombopoietin,

myeloid stem cells develop into megakaryocytes (huge cells).

These cells fragment into 2-3K particles. They have a very short life of 5- 9 days.

Page 24: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Watch

Page 25: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche
Page 26: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

1.- Ataque bacteriano. ¿Quién aumenta?

a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitosd) Plaquetas

Page 27: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

2.- Virus entrando a sangre. ¿Quién aumenta?

a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitosd) Plaquetas

Page 28: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

3.- Ataque de asma. ¿Quién aumenta?

a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitosd) Plaquetas

Page 29: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

4.- Liberan anticuerpos:

a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitos Bd) Linfocitos T

Page 30: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

5.- Giardias en el duodeno. Aumentan:

a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Linfocitos Bd) Linfocitos T

Page 31: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

6.- Polimorfonucleares:

a) Neutrófilosb) Eosinófilosc) Basófilosd) Monocitos

Page 32: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

7.- Agranulares (2 respuestas):

a) Polimorfonuclearesb) Linfocitosc) Basófilosd) Monocitos

Page 33: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

8.- Contienen Hemoglobina:

a) Polimorfonuclearesb) Linfocitosc) Hematíesd) Monocitos

Page 34: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

9.- Ricos en Hierro:

a) Polimorfonuclearesb) Linfocitosc) Hematíesd) Monocitos

Page 35: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

10.- Se forman a partir de células madres pluripotenciarias:

a) Leucocitosb) Plaquetasc) Hematíesd) Eosinófilose) Todos

Page 36: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

11.- Madre Rh-. Para que ocurra eritroblastosis fetal: (2 resp.)

a) Padre Rh-b) Padre Rh+c) A partir de la segunda

gestación.

Page 37: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

12.- Vive 120 días y después lo destruye el hígado o el bazo:

a) Tipo A+b) Tipo AB+c) Eritrocitosd) Tipo O-

Page 38: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

13.- Valores normales de leucocitos:

a) 5.000.000 /mm3

b) 250.000 a 400.000 /mm3

c) 4.500 a 10.000 /mm3

d) 4.800 a 12.500 /mm3

Page 39: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

14.- El plasma tiene en su composición las plaquetas:

a) Verdaderob) Falso

Page 40: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

15.- Algunas de las proteínas plasmáticas activan la coagulación:

a) Verdaderob) Falso

Page 41: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

AnswersQ A Q A

1 A 9 C

2 C 10 E

3 B 11 B y D

4 C 12 C

5 B 13 C

6 A 14 B

7 B y D

15 A

8 C

Page 42: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Click en los enlaces para ejercicios adicionales Blood Questions 1http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_archive/wa_cvs/wa_blood_elements1.htm

Blood Questions 2http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_archive/wa_cvs/wa_cvs_blood_2.htm

Blood Questions 3http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy_archive/wa_cvs/wa_cvs_blood_3.htm

Page 43: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

Quiz

Page 44: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

1.- La proteína plasmática que participa en inmunidad:

a) Fibrinógenob) Albúminac) Inmunoglobulinas

Page 45: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

2.- Albúmina:

a) Tensión coloidosmótica del plasma.

b) Se excreta por la orina como desecho

c) La fabrican los glóbulos rojos

Page 46: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

3.- Soluto que está adjunto a los leucocitos:

a) Clorurob) Potasioc) Sodiod) Ninguno

Page 47: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

4.- Paciente O+:

a) Donante universalb) Recibe de O+ y de O-c) Le sirve a cualquier

grupo.

Page 48: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

5.- ¿Dónde se producen las células sanguíneas?

_______________________________

_______________________________

Page 49: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

6.- ¿Qué células se producen en cada proceso?

Hematopoeisis: ________ Eritropoiesis: __________ Trombopoiesis: ________ Leucopoiesis: _________

Page 50: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

7.- Dónde se fabrica cada una de estas células?Escriba un 1 a Médula Ósea y un 2 a Tejido linfático.

__ monocitos __ neutrófilos __ glóbulos rojos __ plaquetas __ linfocitos B

__ eosinófilos __ linfocitos T __ glóbulos blancos __ basófilos __ megacariocitos

Page 51: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

8.- Marque con una X los componentes del plasma:

__ cloro __ nicotina __ fibrinógeno __ Vit K __ hormonas

__ eosinófilos __ linfocitos T __ hierro __ agua __ trombocitos

Page 52: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

9.- Marque con una X las incorrectas:

__ Las proteínas del plasma provienen de la dieta. __ Los factores de coagulación participan en las defensas. __ Los eritrocitos tienen hierro en su interior. __ Los eritrocitos carecen de núcleo. __ Una eritroblastocis requiere cambio de sangre.

Page 53: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

10.- ¿Qué tipo de sangre puede transfundirse a?:

A) Un paciente O-

B) Un paciente B+

Page 54: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

11.- Tenemos una pinta de sangre AB-. ¿A quién podría ser transfundida?

Page 55: CORE RS 08 The Blood Functions Components Formation of blood cells Instructor: Dra. Amelia Roche

12.- Un paciente con sangre B- recibe una transfusión de sangre O+. ¿Qué ocurre? ¿Por qué?