Core Elective-II a) Telecommunication Switching and Networks

ANIL NEERUKONDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

M.Tech. (Communication Systems), Two year (Four Semester) Syllabus Scheme

SEMESTER – I

CODE SUBJECT NAME Instruction periods per Week

MAX MARKS CREDITS LECT

URE

TUTO

RIAL

PRAC

TICA

L

TOT

AL

SESSIO

NAL

MARKS

SEMESTE

R END

MARKS

MTCS-1

Advanced Digital signal processing

4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-2

Digital Communication Techniques

4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-3

Satellite Communication

and Phased arrays

4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-4

Optical Fiber Communications

4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-5

Core Elective –I 4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-6

Core Elective-II 4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-7

Communication Engineering Lab

- - 3 3 50 50 2

MTCS-8

Seminar - I - - 2 2 100 - 2

Total 24 6 5 35 390 410 28

Core Elective – I a) Global Positioning System b) Micro Controllers and Embedded Systems c) Smart Antennas

SEMESTER – II

CODE SUBJECT NAME Instruction periods per Week

MAX MARKS CREDI

TS LECT

URE

TUTO

RIAL

PRAC

TICA

L

TO

TA

L

SESSIO

NAL

MARKS

SEMESTE

R END

MARKS

MTCS-9

Communication Networks

4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-10

Wireless Communications

4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-11

Multimedia and Communication Systems

4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-12

Elective - III 4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS-13

Elective – IV 4 1 - 5 40 60 4

MTCS- Elective – V 4 1 - 5 40 60 4

Core Elective-II a) Telecommunication Switching and Networks b) Spread Spectrum Techniques & Multiple Access c) Speech Signal Processing

14

MTCS-15

Signal Processing Lab - - 3 3 50 50 2

MTCS-16

Seminar - II - - 2 2 100 - 2

Total 24 6 5 35 390 410 28

Core Elective-III a) Software Defined Radio b) Modern Radar Systems c) Digital Image Processing Core Elective -V a) Statistical Signal Processing b) CPLD and FPGA Architecture and Applications c) AD-HOC Networks

SEMESTER – III

CODE SUBJECT NAME MAX MARKS

CREDITS

SESSION

AL MARKS

SEMESTE

R END

MARKS

MTCS –

17

MOOC 100 - 4

MTCS – 18

Thesis (Part I) 50 50 6

Total 150 50 10

Project work to be submitted before the end of 3rd Semester and it will be evaluated by a committee consisting of Chairman, Board of Studies, Head of the Department and thesis guide.

SEMESTER – IV

CODE SUBJECT NAME MAX MARKS

CREDITS

SESSION

AL MARKS

SEMESTE

R END

MARKS

MTCS – 19

Thesis (Part II) 50 50 14

Semester –IV project work will begin after completion of semester-III examination. Thesis work is for a period of SIX months in Industry/Department. The students are required to submit their thesis two/three phases. Thesis will be evaluated by a committee consisting of an external member from reputed institution, HOD, Chairman BOS and thesis Guide.

Core Elective- IV a) RF and Microwave Engineering b) Wavelet transforms and Its Applications c) Modeling and Simulation of Communication Systems

MTCS-1 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Pre-requisites: Prior to this, an apt knowledge of signal & systems and digital signal processsing subjects should be known. Course Objectives:

At the end of this course, the students will be able to understand the: a) Various optimization techniques used in designing the digital filters.

b) Sampling rate requirement in the digital signal applications

c) Need for prediction, filtering & smoothening of the signals to minimize the mean-

square error(MSE).

d) Different DSP algorithms used for DFT computation procedures.

e) Applications of DSP in real time.

Unit– I: Advanced digital filter design techniques: Design of optimum equi-ripple FIR

filters, Remez Algorithm, Parks-McClellan Algorithm, Differentiators, BPF, Hilbert

transformer filters multiple band optimal FIR filters, Design of filters with simultaneous

constraints in time and frequency response, Optimization methods for designing IIR

filters, Comparison of optimum FIR filters and delay equalized elliptic filters. (12hrs)

Unit – II: Multirate DSP: The basic sample rate alteration – time – domain

characterization, frequency – domain characterization: Cascade equivalences, filters in

sampling rate alteration systems, digital filter banks and their analysis and applications,

Multi-level filter banks.(10hrs)

Unit – III: Linear prediction and optimum linear filters: forward and backward linear

prediction, AR Lattice and ARMA lattice – ladder filters, Wieners filters for filtering on

prediction. (7hrs)

Unit – IV: DSP Algorithms: Levinson – Durbin algorithm, the Schur algorithm, The

Goertzel algorithm, the chirp – z transform algorithm, Bluestein algorithm, computations

of the DFT, concept of tunable digital filters. (8hrs)

Unit – V: Applications of DSP: Speech Model of speech production, speech analysis – synthesis system vocoder analyzers and synthesizers, convolvers,Linear Prediction of speech, DTMF System, DTTR, MUSIC, TDM to FDM translator. (8hrs) Course Outcomes:

a) Using filter optimization techniques students will be able to design a filter with

Least Mean Square error.(UNIT-I)

b) Students will be able to solve research papers related to multirate signal

processing— Data Acquisition, Bandwidth reduction in a system etc. (UNIT-II)

c) Apply methods for prediction of real world signals, based on signal modeling and

advanced filtering techniques, such as Linear Predictive Filters and Optimal Linear

Filters.(UNIT-I,III,V)

d) Apply fundamental principles, methodologies and techniques of the course to

analyze and design various problems encountered in both academic research

,industry and R&D practice. (UNIT-IV)

e) This course is basis for understanding Adaptive signal processing, statistical signal

processing and wavelet transform subjects.

Credits

Instruction periods per Week Exam Hrs.

SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER END MARKS

Total Marks LECTUR

E TUTORIA

L PRACTIC

AL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Prescribed Text Books:

1. Lawrence R. Rabiner and Bernard Gold ,‖Theory and applications of digital signal processing‖ PHI,4th edition.(UNIT 1,5)

2. J. G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, 4td Edition. Prentice Hall, 1996, ISBN No. 0-13-373762-4. (UNIT 2,3 4)

References: 1. Multi Rate Systems and Filter Banks – P.P.Vaidyanathan – Prentice Hall,1st edition

2. DSP – A Practical Approach – Emmanuel C. Ifeacher, Barrie. W. Jervis, 2nd Ed.,

Prentice Hall.

3. Sanjit K. Mitra,‖Digital Signal Processing, A Computer – Based approach,Tata Mc Graw-Hill, 1998,$th edition (UNIT 2)

MTCS2- DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Credits


SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER END MARKS

Total Marks LECTUR

E TUTORIA

L PRACTIC

AL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course Objectives 1. To enable student to Design a channel coder for different channels for

obtaining optimum error probablitiy.

2. To enable student to analyze the synchronizing circuits for different modulation schemes. 3. To familiarize Student with the concepts of spread spectrum and jammer

considerations UNIT – I DIGITAL MODULATION SCHEMES: Detection using matched filter – Optimum receivers for arbitrary binary signals and M’ary orthogonal signals – Analysis of coherent detection schemes for ASK, PSK and DPSK – M’ary signaling schemes – QPSK and QAM – MSK – Performance of the data transmission schemes under

AWGN. Trellis coded Modulation. UNIT – II CHANNEL CODING: Waveform coding and structured sequences-Types of error control, structured sequences, Linear block codes –soft/hard decision decoding of linear block codes – Non binary block codes and concatenated block codes – Polynomial representation of codes – Cyclic codes

UNIT – III CHANNEL CODING-II: Convolution codes Lattice type Trellis codes. Geometrically uniform trellis codes,– viterbi decoding algorithm. Decoding of modulation codes – Reed Solomon codes – Turbo codes(elementary treatment). BASEBAND SIGNALLING CONCEPTS: Signaling formats – RZ/NRZ, Duobinarysplitphase (Manchester) and high density bipolar coding – scrambling & unscrambling – channel equalization – tapped delay line and transversal filters. UNIT – IV SYNCHRONISATION: Receiver synchronization, costas loop, symbol synchronization, synchronization with CPM – Data aided and Non aided synchronization- synchronization methods based on properties of wide sense

cyclo-stationary random process – Carrier recovery circuits – Symbol clock estimation schemes. UNIT – V SPREAD SPECTRUM SYSTEMS: PN sequences, DS spread spectrum systems; FH spread spectrum systems and performance of FHSS in AWGN – Synchronization – Jamming considerations – Commercial Applications – Cellular subsystems. Course Outcomes After completion of this Course Student will be able to: 1. Simulate a digital communication System. 2. Design Linear Block coder with different Error correction capabilities. 3. Design a Convolution coder to obtain specific error probabilities.

4. Simulate different channel encoders. 5. Design a Synchronizing circuit for any digital modulation scheme under specified error rate. 6. Analyze the jamming to signal noise ratio for a jammer. PRESCRIBED : 1. Bernard sklar, “ Digital communications”, Pearson Education Asia,2001. 2.Fundamentals of Communication Systems, Proakis and Salehi, Prentice Hall REFERENCES: 1.Das,J Etal, “ Principles of Digital Communications and Spread spectrum Systems”, Willey Eastern Limited,1985. 2.Ziemer R E & Peterson R L, ―Digital Communication and Spread spectrum Systems‖, McMillan publishing co.,1985.

MTCS 3- SATELLITE COMMUNICATION AND PHASED ARRAYS

Course

code

Credit

s

Periods Exam

Hours

Sessiona

l Marks

Exam

Marks

Total

Marks Lecture

s

Tutorial

s

Practical

s

MTCS-3 4 3 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course Objectives:

1. To learn about the science behind the orbiting satellites, various multiplexing schemes

and earth station parameters used for satellite communication.

2. In-depth understanding of specialist bodies of knowledge within the engineering

discipline.

3. Application of established engineering methods to complex engineering problem

solving.

Unit 1: Orbits, Propagation impairments and space link: Introduction, Satellite orbits, Kepler‘s three laws, Orbital Elements, Eclipse effect, Orbit determination, Look angle determination. Satellite sub systems: Attitude and Orbital Control System (AOCS), Telemetry Tracking and Command (TT&C), Power System, Communications System, Satellite transponder, Space Craft Antennas, Frequency Reuse Antennas. Communication link design: Basic transmission theory, EIRP, Completion Link

design with and without frequency reuse, System noise temperature G/T ratio, Noise figure and Noise temperature. Unit 2: Satellite Multiple Accesses: Satellite mobile and specialized services Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA),Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA),Satellite Switched TDMA, Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA), CDMA Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.

Message Transmission by FDMA: M/G/1 Queue, Message Transmission by TDMA, PURE ALOHA, Satellite Packet Switching, Slotted Aloha, Packet Reservation, Tree Algorithm, VSAT Technologies, Network Configurations, Polling VSAT Networks, Mobile Satellite Networks, CDMA MSAT Network. Unit 3: Earth Station Technology: Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems, Transponders, Small earth station Antennas, Equipment for earth station, Lower Orbit Considerations, Coverage and frequency considerations, Direct broadcasting satellite Television and Radio, Satellite Navigation.

Unit 4: Introduction of Phased Arrays

System Requirements for Radar and Communication Antennas : Directive Properties of Arrays, Array Noise Characterization, The Receiving Antenna in a Polarized Plane Wave Field, System Considerations, Monopulse Beam Splitting.

Unit 5: Phased Arrays in Radar and Communication Systems: Array Characterization for Radar and Communication Systems and Fundamental Results from Array Theory: Phase Scanning in One Dimension (øo=0), Two-Dimensional Scanning of Planar Arrays, Beam width and Directivity of Scanning Arrays, Array Size Determination: EIRP and G/T for Large, Two-Dimensional Passive or Active Arrays.

Course Outcomes: On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: CO1: Architect appropriate technologies for implementation of specified satellite communication systems based on specify systems design for satellite communications

CO2: Analyze and evaluate a satellite link and suggest enhancements to improve the link performance CO3: Exercise the following skills: project management, teamwork and leadership, technical communication, and self-directed and group learning. CO4: Conduct further research on satellite communication systems engineering & on phased array antennas as per given specifications. TEXT BOOKS: 1. Satellite Communications –Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, Jeremy Allnutt, 2nd Edition, 2003, John Wiley & Sons. 2. Digital Satellite Communications-Tri.T.Ha, 2nd Edition, 1990, Mc.Graw Hill. 3. Phased Array Antenna Hand Book – Robert J. Mailloux, Artech House, Boston, London, 1994.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Satellite Communications - by Dr.D.C.Agarwal 2. Satellite Communications: Design Principles – M. Richcharia, 2nd Ed., BSP, 2003. 3. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications – K. N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004.

MTCS-4 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS

Credits


SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER END MARKS

Total Marks LECTUR

E TUTORIA

L PRACTIC

AL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course Objectives: 1. To expose the students to the modulation formats used in fiber optic communications 2. To impart the understanding and modeling of optical amplifiers 3. To understand the various multiplexing schemes 4. To understand the working of optical networks 5. To understand the nonlinear effects of optical communication systems

UNIT-I Advanced Modulation Formats for Fiber Optic Communication Systems: Fiber Optic Coupler, Coherent Optical Communication, BER performance, Differential Phase Modulation Schemes with Direct Detection

UNIT-II Semiconductor optical amplifiers. EDFA and Raman amplifiers , Wideband Optical amplifiers, Amplifier Noise, Optical SNR, modeling and analysis. Analysis and digital transmission with high power fiber amplifiers UNIT-III Multichannel systems: WDM lightwave systems. TDM and code division multiplexing. Advances in wavelength division multiplexing / demultiplexing technologies UNIT-IV SONET/SDH, ATM, IP, storage area networks, Wavelength routed networks, Next generation optical Internets

UNIT-V Soliton systems: Nonlinear effects. Soliton – based communication. High speed and WDM soliton systems Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Compare the performances of modulation formats used in optical

communications

2. Model and use optical amplifiers

3. Understand and apply the multiplexing technologies

4. Understand the operation of, and trends in, optical networks.

5. Exploit the nonlinear effects of fibers in Soliton based communications. Text Books: 1.G.P.Agrawal, Fiber Optic Communication Systems (3/e), Wiley, 2002

2.M.Satish Kumar, Fundamentals of Optical Fiber Communication(2/e), PHI, 2014 3.C.S.Murthy & M.Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks, PHI, 2002

References:

1.Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications(4/e), TMH, 2008

2.B.P.Pal , Guided Wave Optical Components and Devices, Elsevier , 2006 3.Keang P. Ho Phase-modulated Optical Communication Systems, Springer, 2005

MTCS-5 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM AND APPLICATIONS

Credits


SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER END MARKS

Total Marks LECTUR

E TUTORIA

L PRACTIC

AL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1. To enable student to understand the basic principle of GPS

2. To enable student to understand the difference between GPS, GALILEO and

GLONASS

3. To familiarize the student with the concepts of different co-ordinates system used

in GPS

4. To enable student to know about the effect of ionosphere and troposphere on

GPS position determination

UNIT I

Introduction to GPS: Basic concept, system architecture, space segment, user

segment, GPS aided Geo-augmented navigation (GAGAN) architecture.

UNIT II

GPS Signals: Signal structure, anti spoofing (AS), selective availability, Difference between GPS, GALILEO and GLONASS satellite construction, GPS Receiver Concepts and main receiver components.

UNIT III

GPS coordinate frames & Time references: Geoid and Ellipsoid of rotation, Geodetic and Geo centric coordinate systems, ECEF coordinate world geodetic 1984 (WGS 84), GPS & GALILEO time.

UNIT IV

GPS orbits and position determination: GPS orbital parameters, GPS position determination, Positioning methods- point positioning, relative positioning, and

description of receiver independent exchange format (RINEX).

UNIT V

GPS Errors & Future of GPS: GPS error sources- clock error, ionospheric error, tropospheric error, multipath, ionospheric error estimation using dual frequency GPS receiver, DGPS concepts, Future of GPS- Modernization plans of navigational satellites, Hardware and software improvements.

COURSE OUT COMES: After learning this subject student can be able to

1. Understand basic concepts of GPS and its architecture (unit-1)

2. Describe the signal structure and can differentiate GPS &GALILEO time (unit-2)

3. Convert one co-ordinate frame into another (unit-3)

4. Determine the GPS user position (unit-4)

5. Calculate different error‘s in GPS and can design the system in GPS and can

design the system with improved accuracy (unit-5)

PRESCRIBED : 1. B. Hoffman – Wellenhof, H. Liehtenegger and J. Collins, ‗GPS – Theory and

Practice‘, Springer – Wien, New York (2001).

2. G S RAO, Global Navigation Satellite Systems, McGraw-Hill publications, New Delhi, 2010

REFERENCES: 1. James Ba – Yen Tsui, ‗Fundamentals of GPS receivers – A software approach‘,

John Wiley & Sons (2001). 2. Gunter Seeber., Satellite Geodesy Foundations-Methods and Applications,2003.

MTCS-5b MICROCONTROLLERS & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Credits

Instruction periods per Week

Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER

END MARKS Total Marks

LECTURE TUTORIAL PRACTICAL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course Objectives

a. To provide a theoretical & practical introduction to microcontrollers

b. To assembly language programming techniques,

c. To design interfacing circuits for microcontroller 8051.

d. To develop an understanding of the technologies behind the embedded computing

systems

e. To understand the technology capabilities and limitations of the hardware, software

components

f. To evaluate design tradeoffs between different technology choices.

UNIT I: 8051 Microcontroller Introduction to Microcontrollers, comparing Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Architecture of 8051 Micro controller, Register organization of 8051, SFRs, Addressing modes of 8051,. Pin configuration of 8051, Input/Output Ports and Circuits, External Memory, Counters/Timers and modes of Timers, Serial data Input/Output, Interrupts.

UNIT II: Assembly Language Programming of 8051 Programming the 8051. Data Transfer and Logical Instructions. Arithmetic Operations, Decimal Arithmetic. Jump and Call Instructions. UNIT III: Interfacing 8051 Interfacing with Keyboards, Displays, D/A and A/D conversions, Multiple Interrupts, Serial Data Communication.

UNIT IV: Introduction To Embedded Systems Embedded systems overview, design challenge, Processor technology, IC technology, Design Technology, Trade-offs. UNIT V: Introduction to advanced architectures ARM and SHARC, Processor and memory organization and Instruction level parallelism; Networked embedded systems: Bus protocols, I2C bus and CAN bus; Internet-Enabled Systems, Design Example-Elevator Controller.

COURSE OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

1. Explain the architecture and operation of microcontrollers - 8051, ARM and SHARC.

2. Interface 8051 with various peripherals

3. Understand the hardware/software tradeoffs involved in the design of microcontrollers based

systems.

4. Understand the hardware/software tradeoffs involved in the design of embedded systems.

5. Use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) as a modern software tool for embedded system

development.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Muhammed Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D Mc Kinlay , The 8051

Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.

2. Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, Embedded System Design, 2nd Edition, John Wiley.

3. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components-principles of Embedded computer system

design, Elsevier

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Kenneth. J. Ayala, Dhananjay V. Gadre, The8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems

Using Assembly and C, 1st edition, Cengage learning, 2010

2. David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education

3. Satish Shah, 8051 Microcontrollers: MCS 51 Family and Its Variants, 1/e, Oxford University Press, 2010

4. B. Kanta Rao, Embedded Systems, 1st Ed., PHI, 2011

MTCS-5C SMART ANTENNAS

Credits Instruction periods per Week

Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER



4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course objectives:

The course helps the students

1. To understand basic concepts of cellular mobile systems.

2. To understand the concept of smart antennas and adaptive algorithms to adjust

the required weighting on antennas.

3. To learn Modeling, spatial processing, techniques for CDMA system and RF

positioning for the smart antennas.

Module I

Introduction To Smart Antennas Need for Smart Antennas, Smart Antenna

Configurations, Switched-Beam Antennas, Adaptive Antenna Approach, Space

Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Architecture of a Smart Antenna System, Receiver,

Transmitter, Benefits and Drawbacks, Mutual Coupling Effects.

Module II

DOA Estimation Fundamentals Introduction The Array Response Vector, Received

Signal Model, The Subspace Based Data Model, Signal Auto covariance

Matrices ,Conventional DOA Estimation Methods, Conventional Beam forming

Method, Capon’s Minimum Variance Method, Subspace Approach to DOA

Estimation ,The MUSIC Algorithm, The ESPRIT Algorithm, Uniqueness of DOA

Estimates.

Module III

Beam forming Fundamentals The Classical Beam former-Statistically Optimum Beam

forming Weight Vectors, The Maximum SNR Beam former, The Multiple Side lobe

Canceller and the Maximum, SINR Beam former- Minimum Mean Square Error

(MMSE),Direct Matrix Inversion (DMI), Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance

(LCMV) , Adaptive Algorithms for Beam forming ,The Least Mean-Square (LMS)

Algorithm, The Recursive Least Squares (RLS) Algorithm.

Module IV

Space–Time Processing Introduction, Discrete Space–Time Channel and Signal

Models, Space–Time Beam forming, Inter symbol and Co-Channel Suppression, ISI

Suppression, CCI Suppression, Joint ISI and CCI Suppression, Space–Time Processing

for DS-CDMA, Capacity and Data Rates in MIMO Systems, Single-User Data Rate

Limits, Multiple Users Data Rate Limits, Data Rate Limits Within a Cellular System,

MIMO in Wireless Local Area Networks.

Module V

Mobile Stations’ Smart Antennas Introduction -Multiple-Antenna MS Design,

Combining Techniques, Selection (Switched) Diversity, Maximal Ratio Combining,

Adaptive Beam forming or Optimum Combining ,RAKE Receiver Size, Mutual

Coupling Effects, Dual-Antenna Performance Improvements ,Downlink Capacity Gains

Course outcomes:

After learning the course the students should be able to:

1. Understand the basic architecture, features and benefits of smart antennas.

2. Able to integrate smart antenna technology with overall communication system

design, principle and its performance.

3. Understand fundamental characteristics, problem, architectures and

consequences of all wireless communication system.

4. Understand the beam forming techniques and adaptive array techniques.

Text Books:

1. Constantine A. Balanis, Panayiotis I. Ioannides, Introduction to Smart Antennas

Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

2. Ahmed El Zooghby, Smart Antenna Engineering, Artech House.

Reference Book:

1. M.J. Bronzel, Smart Antennas, John Wiley, 2004.

2. T.S. Rappaport & J.C.Liberti, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communication,

Prentice Hall (PTR) , 1999.

3. R. Janaswamy, Radio Wave Propagation and Smart Antennas for Wireless

Communication, Kluwer, 2001 CWT3205 Global Positioning Systems.

MTCS-6 TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND NETWORKS

Credits Instruction periods per Week Exam hrs

Sessional Marks

Exam Marks

Total Marks

4 3 1 -----

3 40 60 100

Course Objectives

1. To understand the working principles of switching systems from manual and

electromechanical systems to stored program control systems.

2. The students will be able to apply the knowledge and principles leant to analyze,

design, install and manage typical wired and wireless communication systems and

networks.

UNIT-I Resource sharing and need for switching; Circuit switching, Store and forward switching, Packet switching, electronic space division switching, Need for

networks, Two stage networks, Three stage networks and n-stage networks. UNIT-II Time division switching: Time switching, space switching, Three stage combination switching, n-stage combination switching; Traffic engineering: Hybrid switching, Two/Four wire transmission, Erlang formula and signaling. UNIT-III High speed digital access: DSL technology, Cable Modem, SONET. UNIT-IV Local area networks: Traditional ETHERNET, fast ETHERNET, Gigabit ETHERNET, Wireless LAN, Bluetooth, Connecting LAN’s, Backbone networks.

UNIT-V Integrated Services Digital Network: Network & protocol architecture, user network interfaces, signaling, inter networking, ISDN standards, expert systems in ISDN, Broadband ISDN. Course Outcomes:

Students are able to

1: Explain the working principle of switching systems involved in telecommunication switching

2: Assess the need for voice digitization and T Carrier systems

3: Compare and analyze Line coding techniques and examine its error performance

4: Design multi stage switching structures involving time and space switching stages

5: Analyze basic telecommunication traffic theory PRESCRIBED Text Books: 1. Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks-

ThiagarajanViswanathan, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2001. 2. Data Communications and Networking- B.A. Forouzan, TataMcGrawhill,

Third Edn., 2004. Reference: 1. Telecommunication Switching,Traffic and Networks-Flood, Pearson

Education India,2001 2. Telecommunication Switching and Networks-P.Gnanasivam, New Age

International,2005.

Tutorials Practicals

ls

Lectures

MTCS 6b Spread Spectrum Techniques and Multiple Access

Credits


Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER



4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

UNIT- I

Introduction to spread spectrum, spread spectrum techniques, Direct sequence system,

frequency hopping system, pulse FM (chirp) system, hybrid systems.

UNIT II

Coding for communication and ranging- Property of codes for spread spectrum, Autocorrelation

and cross correlation of codes, composites codes, code selection and signal spectra, error

detection and correlation codes.

UNIT –III

Modulation and demodulation- Balance modulator, quadriphase modulator, frequency

synthesis for spread spectrum modulation, in line and heterodyne correlation, base band

recovery, phase lock loop, costas loop, FM.

UNIT-IV

Need for synchronization, types of synchronizers, RF link- Noise figure, co channel users,

dynamic range and AGC, propagation medium, overall transmitter and receiver design.

UNIT V

Test and evaluation of spread spectrum system- selectivity, sensitivity, jamming margin, synch

acquisition, processing gain. Transmitter measurements.

Reference Books :

1. R. C. Dixen, “Spread Spectrum Systems with commercial application”, John Wiley, 3rdEd.

2. H. Taube. And D. L. Schilling, “Principle of Communication Systems”. Tata Mc graw Hill, 2nd Ed.

Reprint 2007.

MTCS-6C SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING

Credits Instruction periods per Week Exam

Hrs. SESSIONAL MARKS

SEMESTER END MARKS

Total Marks LECTURE TUTORIAL PRACTICAL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course are to make the student

1. Understand the anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production system and perception

model and to design an electrical equivalent of Acoustic model for Speech Production.

2. To understand the articulatory and acoustic interpretation of various phonemes and their

allophones.

3. To analyze the speech in time domain and extract various time domain parameters which

can be used for various applications like pitch extraction, end point detection, Speech

Compression, Speech Synthesis etc.,

4. To study the concept of Homomorphic system and its use in extracting the vocal tract

information from speech using Cepstrum which is a bye product of Homomorphic

processing of Speech.

5. To study various Speech Signal Processing applications viz: Speech Enhancement, Speech

Recognition, Speaker Recognition.

6. To study various Audio coding techniques based on perceptual modeling of the human ear.

Unit – I :

Fundamentals of Digital Speech Processing:

Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Organs, The Process of Speech Production, The Acoustic

theory of speech production- Uniform lossless tube model, effect of losses in vocal tract, effect

of radiation at lips, Digital models for speech signals.

Perception : Anatomical pathways from the Ear to the Perception of Sound, The Peripheral

Auditory system, Hair Cell and Auditory Nerve Functions, Properties of the Auditory Nerve.

Block schematics of the Peripheral Auditory system.

Unit – II :

Time Domain models for Speech Processing:

Introduction – Window considerations, Short time energy, average magnitude, average zero

crossing rate, Speech vs Silence discrimination using energy and zero crossing, pitch period

estimation using a parallel processing approach, the short time autocorrelation function,

average magnitude difference function, pitch period estimation using the autocorrelation

function.

Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) Analysis :

Basic principles of Linear Predictive Analysis : The Autocorrelation Method, The Covariance

method, Solution of LPC Equations : Cholesky Decomposition Solution for Covariance Method,

Durbin’s Recursive Solution for the Autocorrelation Equations, comparison between the

methods of solution of the LPC Analysis Equations, Applications of LPC Parameters : Pitch

Detection using LPC Parameters, Formant Analysis using LPC Parameters.

Unit – III :

Homomorphic Speech Processing:

Introduction , Homomorphic Systems for Convolution : Properties of the Complex Cepstrum,

Computational Considerations , The Complex Cepstrum of Speech, Pitch Detection , Formant

Estimation, The Homomorphic Vocoder.

Speech Enhancement:

Speech enhancement techniques : Single Microphone Approach, Spectral Subtraction,

Enhancement by re-synthesis, Comb filter, Wiener filter, Multi Microphone Approach.

Unit – IV:

Automatic Speech Recognition:

Basic pattern recognition approaches, parametric representation of Speech, Evaluating the

similarity of Speech patterns, Isolated digit Recognition System, Continuous word Recognition

system. Elements of HMM, Training & Testing of Speech using HMM.

Automatic Speaker Recognition:

Recognition techniques, Features that distinguish speakers, MFCC, delta MFCC, Speaker

Recognition Systems: Speaker Verification System , Speaker Identification System,

Performance Metrics.

Unit – V:

Audio Coding :

Lossless Audio Coding, Lossy Audio coding, Psychoacoustics , ISO-MPEG-1 Audio coding ,

MPEG - 2 Audio coding, MPEG - 2 Advanced Audio Coding, MPEG - 4 Audio Coding.

Course Outcomes: On completion of this course student will be able to

1. Model an electrical equivalent of Speech Production system.

2. Extract the LPC coefficients that can be used to Synthesize or compress the speech.

3. Design a Homomorphic Vocoder for coding and decoding of speech.

4. Enhance the speech and can design an Isolated word recognition system using HMM.

5. Can extract the features for Automatic speaker recognition system which can used for

classification.

6. Can design basic audio coding methods for coding the audio signal.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Processing of Speech Signals - L.R. Rabiner and S. W. Schafer. Pearson Education.

2. Digital Audio Signal Processing – Udo Zolzer, 2nd Edition, Wiley.

3. Speech & Audio Signal Processing- Ben Gold & Nelson Morgan, 1st Ed., Wiley

REFENCE BOOKS:

1. Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing: Principles and Practice - Thomas F. Quateri, 1st

Ed., PE. 2. Digital Processing of Speech Signals. L.R Rabinar and R W Jhaung, 1978, PHI.

Speech Communications: Human & Machine - Douglas O'Shaughnessy, 2nd Ed., EEE Press.

MTCS-7 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY


Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL

MARKS SEMESTER



2 - - 3 3 50 50 100

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Measurement of VSWR using Microwave bench. 2. S-parameter estimation of Microwave devices. 3. Study of antenna trainer system. 4. Characteristics of Horn antenna. 5. Generation & detection of binary digital modulation techniques. 6. Spread Spectrum communication system-Pseudo random binary sequence generation-

Baseband DSSS. 7. Digital Filter Design 8. Channel equalizer design(LMS,RLS) 9. Antenna Radiation Pattern measurement 10. Study of Manchester code on optical fiber kit. 11. Measurement of optical losses in fiber optic communication. 12. Study of spectrum analysis using Spectrum analyzer.

MTCS-9 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS


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Course Objectives: 1. Build an understanding of the fundamental concepts of computer networking. 2. Familiarize the student with the basic taxonomy and terminology of the computer networking area.

3. Introduce the student to advanced networking concepts, preparing the student for entry Advanced courses in computer networking. 4. Allow the student to gain expertise in some specific areas of networking such as the design and maintenance of individual networks. Syllabus Unit I: Virtual-Circuit Networks: Frame Relay and ATM (10hrs)

FRAME RELAY , Architecture , Frame Relay Layers , Extended Address , ATM , Design Goals , Problems, Architecture , Switching , ATM Layers , ATM Adaptation layers, ATM LANs ,ATM LAN Architecture. (Text Book 1&2) Unit II: Peer – to – Peer Protocols (10hrs) Peer – to- Peer Protocol & service models, ARQ protocols & reliable data transfer service, other Peer – to- Peer Protocols, process – to process delivery, user datagram protocol. (Text Book 1&2)

Unit III: Transmission control protocol/ Internet Protocol Networks (12hrs) TCP/IP Architecture, internet protocol, IPv6, Transmission control protocol, Stream Control Transmission Protocol, forwarding, unicast routing protocols, multicast routing protocols. (Text Book 1) Unit IV: Advanced Network Architectures (12hrs) Architecture, web documents, HTTP, Integrated services in the internet, RSVP, differentiated services, network interconnection models, real-time transport protocols.

(Text Book 1&2) Unit V: Security Protocols (10hrs) Symmetric-key & asymmetric –key cryptography, IP Security, Secure Socket Layer /Transport Layer Security, Pretty Good Privacy, Firewalls ( Text Book 2)

Text Books: 1. Alberto Leon Gracia and Indra Widjaja, ―Communication networks,‖ Second

Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

2. Behrouza A. Forouzan,‖ Data Communications and Networking‖, Fourth Edition,

Tata McGraw Hill,

Reference Books: 1. Introduction to Data communications and Networking, W.Tomasi, Pearson education Course Outcomes: After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to: 1. Independently understand basic computer network technology. 2. Understand and explain Data Communications System and its components. 3. Identify the different types of network topologies and protocols. 4. Enumerate the layers of the TCP/IP. Explain the function(s) of each Layer. 5. Familiarity with the basic protocols of computer networks, and how they can be secure in network design and implementation.

MTCS 10 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


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Course Objectives:

1. Understand the basic Propagation models

2. Able to analyze the capacity of wireless channels 3. Aable to understand the different Diversity and equalization techniques

4. Able to understand the basic concepts of MIMo Channel

Unit 1: Radio Wave Propagation Free space propagation model- basic propagation mechanisms –reflection- ground reflection model-diffraction-scattering-practical link budget design-outdoor and indoor propagation models Small scale fading and multipath: Small scale multipath propagation-Impulse response model of a mulitpath channel –small scale multipath measurements-parameters of mobile multipath channels - –types of small scale fading.

Unit 2: Capacity of Wireless Channels and Performance of digital modulation over wireless channels Capacity of Flat Fading Channel- Channel Distribution Information known – Channel Side Information at Receiver – Channel Side Information at Transmitter and Receiver – Capacity with Receiver diversity – Capacity comparisons – Capacity of Frequency Selective Fading channels. Error probability of M-ary PSK, M-ary QAM and M-ary FSK , MSK, GMSK, on AWGN channels- Fading– Outage Probability– Average Probability of Error –– Combined Outage and Average Error Probability.

Unit 3: Diversity Realization of Independent Fading Paths – Receiver Diversity – Selection Combining – Threshold Combining – Maximal-Ratio Combining – Equal - Gain Combining – Transmitter Diversity – Channel known at Transmitter – Channel unknown at Transmitter – The Alamouti Scheme-basic concepts of RAKE receivers. Unit 3: Equilization Fundamentals of equalization ,Training A Generic Adaptive Equalizer,Equilizers in a Communications Receivers, Survey of Equilization Techniques, Linear Equilizers, NonLinear Equilization,Alogorithms for Adaptive Equilization , Fractionslly Spaced Equalizers

Unit 5: Multiple Access Techniques and MIMO and multicarrier modulation: Frequency division multiple access-time division multiple access-spread spectrum multiples access-space division multiple access- packet radio. Narrowband MIMO model-parallel decomposition of MIMO channel-MIMO channel capacity-MIMO diversity gain –data transmission using multiple carriers-multicarrier modulation with overlapping subchannels-mitigation of subcarrier fading-basic concepts of OFDM.

Text Books: 1. Andrea Goldsmith, ―Wireless Communications,‖ Cambridge University Press, 2005 2. T.S. Rappaport, ―Wireless Communications,‖ Pearson Education, 2003

Reference Books: 1. Raj Pandya, ―Mobile and Personal Communication Systems and Services,‖

Prentice Hall of India, 2002 2. William C.Y. Lee, ―Wireless and Cellular Telecommunications,‖ Third edition, Mc. Graw

Hill, 2006. COURSE OUTCOMES After completing the Course , Students is able to

1. Analyze the propagation models of free space.

2. leads to current and upcoming wireless communications technologies for

broadband wireless access network design and research.

3. Do research in system evaluation methods used in the design of communications

network.

MTCS-11 Multimedia and communications systems Course Objectives:

1. To understand the Multimedia Communication Models and to study the Multimedia Transport in Wireless Networks.

2. To solve the Security issues in multimedia networks and to explore real-time multimedia network applications.

3. To explore different network layer based application. 3. To understand the process of compressing and sending text, image, audio and

video signals over networks. 4. To gain knowledge of various entertainment networks.

UNIT I: Multimedia communications (6hrs)

Introduction, multimedia networks, multimedia applications, Digitization principles, Text, Images, Video, Audio.

UNIT II: Text and Image Compression (15hrs)

Compression Principles, Text compression, Image compression.

UNIT III: Audio and Video Compression (15hrs) DPCM, ADPCM, Adaptive predictive coding, Linear predictive coding, code-excited LPC, perceptual coding, MPEG audio coders, Dolby audio coders, video compression principles, H.261, H.263, MPEG, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4.

UNIT IV: Standards for multimedia communications (15hrs) Reference Models, Standards related to interpersonal communications, Standards relating to interactive applications over the internet, standards for entertainment applications.

UNIT-V: Entertainment networks and internet applications (8hrs) Cable TV networks, Satellite television networks, high-speed PSTN access technology, DNS, Email, FTP, TFTP, Internet telephony, SNMP.

Text Books: 1. Fred Halsall – Multimedia Communications, Pearson publication 2001.

2. Ze-Nian Li, Marks. Drew- Fundamentals of Multimedia, PHI publications 2004.

Course outcomes: 1. Deploy the right multimedia communication models.

2. Apply multimedia network applications with efficient routing techniques.

3. Solve the security threats in the multimedia networks.

4. Develop the real-time multimedia network applications.

5. Explore different entertainment networks.

Credits


SESSIONAL

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Total Marks LECTUR

E TUTORIA

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4 4 1 -- 3hrs 40 60 100

MTCS 12 a Software Defined Radio

. UNIT-I

A Basic Software Defined Radio Architecture –Introduction – 2G Radio Architectures- Hybrid Radio Architecture- Basic Software Defined Radio Block Diagram- System Level Functioning Partitioning-Digital Frequency Conversion Partitioning.

UNIT-II

RF System Design – Introduction- Noise and Channel Capacity- Link Budget- Receiver Requirements- Multicarrier Power Amplifiers- Signal Processing Capacity Tradeoff.

Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion- Introduction – Digital Conversion Fundamentals- Sample Rate- Bandpass Sampling- Oversampling- Antialias Filtering – Quantization – ADC Techniques-Successive Approximation- Figure of Merit-DACs- DAC Noise Budget- ADC Noise Budget.

UNIT-III

Digital Frequency Up- and Down Converters- Introduction- Frequency Converter Fundamentals- Digital NCO- Digital Mixers- Digital Filters- Halfband Filters- CIC Filters- Decimation, Interpolation, and Multirate Processing-DUCs - Cascading Digital Converters and Digital Frequency Converters.

UNIT-IV

Signal Processing Hardware Components- Introduction- SDR Requirements for Processing Power- DSPs- DSP Devices- DSP Compilers- Reconfigurable Processors- Adaptive Computing Machine- FPGAs

Software Architecture and Components – Introduction- Major Software Architecture Choices – Hardware – Specific Software Architecture- Software Standards for Software

Radio-Software Design Patterns- Component Choices- Real Time Operating Systems- High Level Software Languages- Hardware Languages.

UNIT V

Smart Antennas Using Software Radio- Introduction- 3G smart Antenna Requirements- Phased Antenna Array Theory- Applying Software Radio Principles to Antenna Systems- Smart Antenna Architectures- Optimum Combining/ Adaptive Arrays- DOA Arrays- Beam Forming for CDMA- Downlink Beam Forming.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:


Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL

MARKS SEMESTER



4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

CO1 Conceptualize the SDR and implementation details CO2 Design SDR for a specific application CO3 Identify the challenges in the maintenance of SDR CO4 Analyse the transmitter and receiver architectures

References:

1. Paul Burns, Software Defined Radio for 3G, Artech House, 2002.

2. Tony J Rouphael, RF and DSP for SDR, Elsevier Newnes Press, 2008

3. Jouko Vanakka, Digital Synthesizers and Transmitter for Software Radio, Springer, 2005.

4. P Kenington, RF and Baseband Techniques for Software Defined Radio, Artech House, 2005.

MTCS 12 b MODERN RADAR SYSTEMS


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END MARKS

Total

Marks LECTURE TUTORIAL PRACTICAL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

UN IT-I

Fundamentals of Surveillance Radar and Design :

Bandwidth considerations, prf, Unambiguious range and velocity,

Pulse length and Sampling, Radar Cross-section and Clutter.

UN IT-II

Tracking Radar :

Tracking and Search Radars, Antenna beam shapes required, Radar

guidance, Frequency agility, Importance of Monopulse Radar.

UN IT-III

Radar waveform design :

Bandwidth and pulse duration requirements, Range and Doppler

accuracy uncertainty relation, pulse compression and phase coding.

UN IT-IV

Principles of Secondary Surveillance Radar,

Radar studies of the atmosphere, OHR and Radar jamming, EC, ECC

measures and stealth applications.

Course Outcomes

At the end of the Course,student will be able to:

1.Interpret the various bandwidth considerations related to survellience radar and design

2.Illustrate the various tracking methods and significance of monopulse radar

3.Design a Radar waveform,given bandwidth and pulse duration.

4.Understand the principles of secondary surveillance for various stealth applications.

Text Books :

1. “Understanding of Radar Systems”, Simon Kingsley and Shaun

Quegan, McGraw Hill, 1993.

2. Radar Handbook by Skolnik.

MTCS-12 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Credits

Instruction periods per Week Exam

Hrs.

SESSIONAL MARKS

SEMESTER END

MARKS

Total Marks Lecture Tutorial Practical

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course Objectives: 1. To learn Image Fundamentals and Processing Techniques

2. To be familiar with Image Transformations in Spatial Domain and Frequency

Domain

3. To learn various Filters for Image Restoration

4. To study various Image Compression and Segmentation Techniques

5. To gain experience in applying image processing algorithms to real problems UNIT I – DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS (8 hours) Introduction – Origin –Steps in Digital Image Processing – Components; Elements of Visual Perception – Light and Electromagnetic Spectrum – Image Sensing and Acquisition – Image Sampling and Quantization – Relationships between pixels. UNIT II – IMAGE ENHANCEMENT (9 hours) Spatial Domain: Gray level transformations – Histogram processing – Basics of Spatial

Filtering–Smoothing and Sharpening Spatial Filtering – Frequency Domain: Introduction to Fourier Transform – Smoothing and Sharpening frequency domain filters – Ideal, Butterworth and Gaussian filters. UNIT III –IMAGE RESTORATION (9 hours) Noise models – Mean filters – Order Statistics – Adaptive filters – Band reject – Band pass – Notch – Optimum notch filtering – Inverse Filtering – Constrained Least Square Filtering – Wiener filtering. UNIT IV –IMAGE COMPRESSION (9 hours) Fundamentals – Image Compression models – Error Free Compression – Variable Length Coding –Bit – Plane Coding – Lossless Predictive Coding – Lossy Compression – Lossy Predictive Coding –Wavelet Coding – Compression Standards – JPEG2000. UNIT V –IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND REPRESENTATION (10 hours) Segmentation – Detection of Discontinuities – Edge Linking and Boundary detection – Region based segmentation; Representation – Boundary descriptors – Simple

Descriptors – Shape numbers –Regional descriptors – Simple and Topological Descriptors – Introduction to Image Processing Toolbox – Practice of Image Processing Toolbox – Case studies–Various Image Processing Techniques. Text books:

1. Rafael C. Gonzales, Richard E. Woods, ―Digital Image Processing‖, Pearson

Education, Third Edition, 2010.

2. Anil Jain K. ―Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing‖, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.,

2011.

3. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven L. Eddins, ―Digital Image

Processing Using MATLAB‖, Tata McGraw Hill Pvt. Ltd., Third Edition, 2011.

Reference books: 1. Rosefeld & Kak AC, Digital Picture Processing Academic Press Inc.

2. Sonka Milan, ―Image Processing Analysis and Machine vision‖, Cengage Learning

3. William K. Pratt, ―Digital Image Processing‖, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Understand the basic concepts of two-dimensional signal acquisition, sampling, and quantization.

2. Apply 2D Fourier transform concepts for image enhancement. 3. Remove various noises present in an image using different filters. 4. Understand various coding techniques for image compression. 5. To use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for image

processing applications.

MTCS-13 RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

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4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Course Objectives: This course is intended to introduce to students:

(i) The concepts of scattering parameters signal flow graphs, and their applications in microwave circuit analysis and design .

(ii) Concepts of planar transmission lines, lumped/distributed circuit elements, impedance matching circuits, resonators, dividers, couplers, filters and duplexers.

Chapter 1 : Introduction to RF and Microwave concepts and applications (8hrs)

Introduction, Reasons for using RF/Microwaves, RF/Microwave applications, Radio frequency waves, RF and Microwave circuit design, The unchanging fundamentals versus the ever-evolving structure, General active circuit block diagrams.

Chapter 2 : RF Electronics Concepts (10hrs)

Introduction, RF/Microwaves versus DC or low AC signals, EM spectrum, Wave length and frequency,

Circuit representation of two port RF/microwave networks. Basics of RF component, Resonant circuits, Analysis of a simple circuit in phasor domain, Impedance transformers, RF impedance matching, Three element matching. Chapter 3 : Smith Chart and its Applications (12hrs)

Introduction, A valuable graphical aid the smith chart, Derivation of smith chart, Description of two types of smith charts, Smith charts circular scales, Smith charts radial scales, The normalized impedance-admittance (ZY) smith chart introduction, Applications of the smith chart - Distributed circuit applications, Lumped element circuit applications.

Chapter 4 : RF and Microwave Amplifiers Small and Large Signal Design (18hrs)

Introduction, Types of amplifiers, Small signal amplifiers, Design of different types of amplifiers, Multistage small signal amplifier design.

Introduction, High-power amplifiers, Large signal amplifier design, Microwave power combining/dividing techniques, Signal distortion due to inter modulation products, Multistage amplifiers, Large signal design

Chapter 5 : Radio Frequency and Microwave Oscillator Design

(10hrs)

Introduction, Oscillator versus amplifier design, Oscillation conditions, Design of transistor oscillators, Generator-tuning networks.

Text Book :

―Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics‖, by Mathew M. Radmanesh, Person Education Inc., New Delhi

References

―Microwave Engineering, Active and Non-reciprocal Circuits‖, by Joseph Helszain, McGraw Hill International Edition, 1992

MTCS 13 b WAVELET TRANSFORMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Credits


Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER



4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

Unit – I:

Continuous And Discrete Wavelet Transform: Continuous time ;wavelets transform (CWT): Definition, CWT

as a correlation, Constant Q factor filtering interpretation and time frequency resolution, CWT as an

operator, Inverse CWT, Discrete Wavelet Transform: Approximations of vectors in Nested Linear Vector

Subspaces – Multiresolution analysis (MRA) with examples.

Unit – II:

Orthonormal Wavelets And Filter Banks: Definition of an MRA- construction of a General Orthonormal MRA –

Wavelet Basis for the MRA-Digital filtering Interpretation- Examples of orthonormal Basis – Generating

Wavelets- Interpreting Orthonormal MRAs for Discrete – time Signals Miscellaneous Issues Related to PRQMF

Filter Banks-Generating Scaling Functions and Wavelets from Filter Banks – Generating Scaling functions and

Wavelets from Filter coefficients – Problems.

Unit – III:

Alternative Wavelet Transforms: Biorthogonal Wavelet Bases – Filtering Relations for Orthogonal Filters-

Examples of Biorthogonal Scaling Functions and Wavelets-Two Dimensional Wavelets- Nonseperable

Multidimensional Wavelets- Wavelet Packets – Transform Coding – DTWT for Image Compression – Audio

Compression – Video Coding Using Multiresolution Techniques.

Unit – IV:

Applications of Wavelet Transforms: Wavelet Denoising – Speckle Removing – Edge Detection and Object

Isolation - Image Fusion-Object Detection by Wavelet Transforms of Projections – Communication

Applications – Scaling Functions as signaling pulses, Discrete Wavelet Multitone Modulation.

Unit – V:

Advanced Topics: Parseval’s Identity for CWT Wavelet inner product as a projection operation CWT with an

orthonormal basis for generating wavelet – A Trous algorithm-Regularity and Convergence – Daubechies

Construction of Orthonormal Scaling Functions – Bandlimited Bi-orthogonal Decomposition – Design and

Selection of Wavelets – Perfect Reconstruction Circular Convolution Filter Banks-Interpolators Matches to the

Input Process – The Scaling Operation and Self-Similar Signals.

Text Book:

1. Raghuveer M. Rao and Ajit S. Bopardikar, “Wavelet Transforms – Introduction to Theory and Applications” Addison Wesley Pearson Education Asia, 2000.

Reference Book:

1. C.Sidney Burrus, Ramesh A Gopinath, and Haitao Guo, “Introduction to Wavelets and Wavelet

Transforms, A Primer “ PH International Editions, 1998.

MTCS 13 c MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL MARKS

SEMESTER END MARKS

Total Marks LECTURE TUTORIAL PRACTICAL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

UNIT I Simulation of Random Variables and Random Process: Univariate and multi-variate models, Transformation of random variables, Bounds and approximation, Random process models-Markov AND ARMA sequences, Sampling rate for simulation, Computer generation and testing of random numbers. UNIT II Modeling of Communication Systems: Information Sources, Formatting/Source Coding, Digital Waveforms, Line Coding, Channel Coding, Radio frequency and Optical Modulation, Demodulation and Detection, Filtering, Multiplexing/Multiple Access, Synchronization, Calibration of Simulations. UNIT III Communication Channels & Models: Fading & Multipath Channels, Almost Free-Space Channels, Finite State Channel Models, Methodology for Simulating Communication Systems Operating over Fading Channels, Reference Models for Mobile Channels: GSM, UMTS-IMT-2000. UNIT IV Estimation of Parameters in Simulation: Quality of an estimator, Estimating the Average Level of a Waveform, Estimating the Average power of a waveform, Estimating the Power Spectral Density of a process, Estimating the Delay and Phase.

UNIT V Estimation of Performance Measures from Simulation: Estimation of SNR, Performance Measures for Digital Systems, Importance sampling method, Efficient Simulation using Importance Sampling, Quasianalytical Estimation. Case Studies: 16-QAM Equalized Line of Sight Digital Radio Link, CDMA Cellular Radio System.

Text Book: 1. William H. Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugan, Theodore S. Rappaport, Kurt L. Kosbar, “Principles of

Communication Systems Simulation with Wireless Applications”, Prentice Hall PTR, 2002. 2. John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, Gerhard Bauch, Bill Stenquist, Tom Ziolkowski, “Contemporary

Communication Systems Using MATLAB” Thomson-Engineering, 2 edition, 2002. Reference books:

1. M.C. Jeruchim, Philip Balaban and K.Sam Shanmugam, “Simulation of Communication Systems,

Modeling, Methodology and Techniques”, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2000. 2. C. Britton Rorabaugh, “Simulating Wireless Communication Systems: Practical Models In

C++”Prentice Hall, 2004.

MTCS -14 b CPLD AND FPGA ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATIONS

Credits

Instruction periods per Week Exam

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4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

UNIT I

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES:

COMPLEX PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES (CPLD):

ROM, PLA, PAL, PLD, PGA – Features, programming and applications using complex

programmable logic devices Altera series

– Max 5000/7000 series and Altera FLEX logic – 10000 series CPLD, AMD’s – CPLD

(Mach 1 to 5); Cyprus FLASH 370 Device Technology, Lattice LSI’s Architectures – 3000

Series – Speed Performance and in system programmability.

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays – Logic blocks, routing architecture, Design flow,

Technology Mapping for FPGAs.

UNIT-II

FPGA/CPLD ARCHITECTURES:

Xilinx XC4000 & ALTERA’s FLEX 8000/10000 FPGAs: AT & T –

ORCA’s (Optimized Reconfigurable Cell Array): ACTEL’s – ACT-1, 2, 3 and their speed

performance.

UNIT III

FINITE STATE MACHINES (FSM):

Top Down Design – State Transition Table, state assignments for FPGAs. Problem of initial

state assignment for one hot encoding. Derivations of state machine charges. Realization of

state machine charts with a PAL.

Alternative realization for state machine chart using microprogramming. Linked state

machines. One – Hot state machine, Petrinets for state machines – basic concepts,

properties, extended petrinets for parallel controllers. Finite State Machine – Case Study,

Meta Stability, Synchronization.

UNIT IV

FSM ARCHITECTURES:

Architectures centered around non-registered PLDs. State machine designs centered around

shift registers. One – Hot design method. Use of ASMs in One – Hot design. Application of

One – Hot method.

UNIT V

SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN:

Controller, data path and functional partitions, Parallel adder cell, parallel adder sequential

circuits, counters, multiplexers, parallel controllers.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. P.K.Chan & S. Mourad, “Digital Design Using Field

Programmable Gate Array”, prentice Hall (Pte), 1994.

2. S.Brown, R.Francis, J.Rose, Z.Vransic, “Field Programmable Gate Array”, Kluwer

Publications, 1992.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. J. Old Field, R.Dorf, “Field Programmable Gate Arrays”, John Wiley & Sons, New

York, 1995.

2. S.Trimberger, Edr. “Field Programmable Gate Array Technology”, Kluwer Academic

Publications, 1994.

3. Bob Zeidman, “Designing with FPGAs & CPLDs”, CMP Books, 2002.

MTCS 14 c ADHOC NETWORKS


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Total

Marks LECTURE TUTORIAL PRACTICAL

4 4 1 - 3 40 60 100

UNIT I ROUTING

Cellular and Ad hoc wireless networks – Issues of MAC layer and Routing – Proactive,

Reactive and Hybrid Routing protocols – Multicast Routing – Tree based and Meshbased

protocols – Multicast with Quality of Service Provision

UNIT II QUALITY OF SERVICE

Real-time traffic support – Issues and challenges in providing QoS – Classification of

QoS Solutions – MAC layer classifications – QoS Aware Routing Protocols – Ticket based and

Predictive location based QoS Routing Protocols

UNIT III ENERGY MANAGEMENT AD HOC NETWORKS

Need for Energy Management – Classification of Energy Management Schemes –

Battery Management and Transmission Power Management Schemes – Network Layerand Data

Link Layer Solutions – System power Management schemes

UNIT IV MESH NETWORKS

Necessity for Mesh Networks – MAC enhancements – IEEE 802.11s Architecture –

Opportunistic Routing – Self Configuration and Auto Configuration - Capacity Models –

Fairness – Heterogeneous Mesh Networks – Vehicular Mesh Networks

UNIT V SENSOR NETWORKS

Introduction – Sensor Network architecture – Data Dissemination – Data Gathering –

MAC Protocols for sensor Networks – Location discovery – Quality of Sensor Networks –

Evolving Standards – Other Issues – Recent trends in Infrastructure less Networks

Text Books:

1. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B.S. Manoj, “Ad hoc Wireless Networks – Architectures and

Protocols’, Pearson Education, 2004

Reference:

1. Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks”,

MorganKaufmanPublishers, 2004

2. C.K. Toh, “Adhoc Mobile Wireless Networks”, Pearson Education, 2002.

3. Thomas Krag and SebastinBuettrich, ‘Wireless Mesh Networking’, O’ReillyPublishers.

MTCS 15 Signal Processing Lab

Credits


Exam Hrs. SESSIONAL

MARKS

SEMESTER



2 - - 3 3 50 50 100

List of Experiments

Cycle-I: Digital Signal Processing based Experiments:

1. Write a MATLAB program to find (i) Circular convolution of the given two sequences

(ii) Linear convolution using circular convolution.

2. Write a MATLAB program to find the spectrum of the given sequence using FFT.

3. Write a MATLAB program to design Butterworth (i) low pass filter for the given

specifications.

4. Write a MATLAB program to design Chebyshev type-I (i) low pass filter for the given

specifications.

5. Write a MATLAB program to convert given analog filter into digital filter using Bilinear

transformation

6. Write a MATLAB program to plot the frequency response of low pass filter using Kaiser

window for different values of β

Cycle-II:Digital Image Processing based Experiments:

1. Write a program forfollowing geometric transformation on image

(a) Translation(b) Scaling(c) Rotation (d) Shrinking (e) Zooming

2. Write a Program in MATLAB to

a. Obtain Negative image b. Thresholding c. Contrast stretching (Linear & Non-linear)

3. Write a program to

(a) compute the histogram of an input image

(b) To improve the appearance using histogram equalization technique.

5. Write a program to performsmoothing and sharpening operation of an image using spatial filtering

6. Write programs for image

(a) Apply FFT and IFFT on given image(b) Perform low pass and high pass filtering in

frequency domain

7. Write a program in MATLAB for edge detection using different edge detection mask

8.Write programsto implement following morphological operations on images

(a)Erosion (b) Dilation(c)Closing(d)Opening

Documents

Core Elective-II a) Telecommunication Switching and Networks