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Lecture on core audio for OSX and iOS.
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These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
Images: © 2005, 2012 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Core AudioBonus Lecture 9
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
Images: © 2005, 2012 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Overview•What is Core Audio?
•Core Audio Programming Interfaces
•Common Tasks With Core Audio
•Core Audio Frameworks
•What’s Been Shipping Since 10.4?
•Supported Audio and Data Formats
•Resources
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
Images: © 2005, 2012 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
What is Core Audio?
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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What is Core Audio?
Plug-in interfaces for audio synthesis and audio digital signal processing (DSP)
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What is Core Audio?
Built in support for reading and writing a wide variety of audio file and data formats
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What is Core Audio?
Plug-in interfaces for handling custom file and data formats
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What is Core Audio?
A modular approach for constructing signal chains
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What is Core Audio?
Scalable multichannel input and output
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What is Core Audio?
Easy synchronization of audio and MIDI data during recording or
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What is Core Audio?
A standardized interface to all built-in and external hardware devices, regardless of connection type (USB, Firewire, PCI, and so on)
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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A standardized interface to all built-in and external hardware devices, regardless of connection type
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
Images: © 2005, 2012 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
A standardized interface to all built-in and external hardware devices, regardless of connection type
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
Images: © 2005, 2012 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
A standardized interface to all built-in and external hardware devices, regardless of connection type
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
Images: © 2005, 2012 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
InterfacesAudio Unit Services
• Audio Processing Graph API
• Audio File and Converter Services
• Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Services
• Music Player API
• Core MIDI Services and MIDI Server Services
• Core Audio Clock API
• OpenAL (Open Audio Library)
• System Sound API
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Audio Unit Services
Allows you to create and manipulate audio units.
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Audio ProcessingGraph API
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Audio ProcessingGraph API
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Audio File andConverter Services
• Audio Converters and Codecs
• File Format Information
• Audio Metadata
• Core Audio File Format
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Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Services
“Core Audio uses a hardware abstraction layer (HAL) to provide a consistent and predictable interface for applications to deal with hardware.”
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Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Services
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Music Player API
“The Music Player API allows you to arrange and play a collection of music tracks.”
MIDI
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Core MIDI Services and MIDI Server Services
“Core MIDI Services defines an interface that applications and audio units can use to communicate with MIDI devices. It uses a number of abstractions that allow an application to interact with a MIDI network.”
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Core MIDI Services and MIDI Server Services
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
Images: © 2005, 2012 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Core MIDI Services and MIDI Server Services
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Core Audio Clock APIThe Core Audio Clock API provides:
• A reference clock that you can use to synchronize applications or devices.
• A standalone timing source, or...
• A synchronized timer with an external trigger, such as a MIDI beat clock or MIDI time code.
• You can start and stop the clock yourself, or...
• You can set the clock to activate or deactivate in response to certain events.
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Core Audio Clock API
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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OpenAL(Open Audio Library)
“OpenAL is a cross-platform API used to position and manipulate sounds in a simulated three-dimensional space.”
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System Sound API
“The System Sound API provides a simple way to play standard system sounds in your application.”
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Common Tasksin Core Audio
•Reading and Writing Audio Data•Interfacing with Hardware Devices•The AUHAL•Using Aggregate Devices•Creating & Hosting Audio Units•Handling MIDI Data
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Reading and Writing Audio Data
These slides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.
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Interfacing with Hardware Devices
Operations must go through the hardware abstraction layer (HAL).
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The AUHAL
“If you need to connect to an input device, or a hardware device other than the default output device, you need to use the AUHAL.”
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The AUHAL
“If you need to connect to an input device, or a hardware device other than the default output device, you need to use the AUHAL.”
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Using Aggregate Devices
“When interfacing with hardware audio devices, Core Audio allows you to add an additional level of abstraction, creating aggregate devices which combine the inputs and outputs of multiple devices to appear as a single device.”
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Creating Audio Units & Hosting Audio Units
...probably read the documentation. :-)
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI File Read
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI Sequence Playback
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI Device Play-through
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Handling MIDI Data
MIDI File Recording
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Handling MIDI Data
Mixing Audio Sources
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Handling MIDI Data
“Big Picture”
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Core Audio Frameworks
•AudioToolbox.framework
•AudioUnit.framework
•CoreAudioKit.framework
•CoreAudio.framework
•CoreMIDI.framework
•CoreMIDIServer.framework
•OpenAL.framework
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System SuppliedAudio Units
System-supplied effect units (kAudioUnitType_Effect)
AUHiPass
kAudioUnitSubType_HighPassFilter
A high-pass filter with an adjustable resonance peak.
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System SuppliedAudio Units
System-supplied instrument unit
DLSMusicDevice
kAudioUnitSubType_DLSSynth
A virtual instrument unit that lets you play MIDI data using sound banks
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System SuppliedAudio Units
System-supplied mixer units (kAudioUnitType_Mixer)
AUMixer3D
kAudioUnitSubType_3DMixer
...can take several different signals and mix them so they appear to be positioned in a three-dimensional space.
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System SuppliedAudio Units
System-supplied converter units (kAudioUnitType_FormatConverter)
AUTimePitch
kAudioUnitSubType_TimePitch
A unit that lets you change the speed of playback without altering the pitch, or vice versa.
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System SuppliedAudio Units
System-supplied output units (kAudioUnitType_Output)
AudioDeviceOutput
kAudioUnitSubType_HALOutput
A unit that interfaces with an audio device using the hardware abstraction layer. Also called the AUHAL.
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System SuppliedAudio Units
System-supplied generator units (kAudioUnitType_Generator)
AUNetReceive
kAudioUnitSubType_NetReceive
A unit that receives streamed audio data from a network.
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Supported Audio andData File Formats
AAC (.aac, .adts)
AC3 (.ac3)
AIFC (.aif, .aiff,.aifc)
AIFF (.aiff)
Apple Core Audio Format (.caf)
MPEG Layer 3 (.mp3)
MPEG 4 Audio (.mp4)
MPEG 4 Audio (.m4a)
NeXT/Sun Audio (.snd, .au)
Sound Designer II (.sd2)
WAVE (.wav)
Audio File Formats
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Supported Audio andData File Formats
Data File Formats
MPEG Layer 3 ('.mp3') Apple DRM Audio Decoder ('drms')
MACE 3:1 ('MAC3') AC-3
MACE 6:1 ('MAC6') DVI 4:1 ('dvi ')
QDesign Music 2 ('QDM2') Apple IMA 4:1 ('ima4')
QDesign ('QDMC') LPC 23:1 ('lpc ')
Qualcomm PureVoice ('Qclp') Microsoft ADPCM
Qualcomm QCELP ('qclq') DVI ADPCM
AAC ('aac ') GSM610
Apple Lossless ('alac') AMR Narrowband ('samr')
Apple GSM 10:1 ('agsm') µLaw 2:1 ('ulaw')
ALaw 2:1 'alaw')
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Resources•Overview
• http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MusicAudio/Conceptual/CoreAudioOverview/Introduction/Introduction.html
•Core Audio Frameworks• http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MusicAudio/
Conceptual/CoreAudioOverview/CoreAudioFrameworks/CoreAudioFrameworks.html
•System Supplied Audio Units• http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MusicAudio/
Conceptual/CoreAudioOverview/SystemAudioUnits/SystemAudioUnits.html
•"iPhone Core Audio Brain Dump"• http://www.subfurther.com/blog/2009/04/28/an-iphone-core-audio-brain-dump/