Core 1: Critical Question 3

Heading: What Strategies help to Promote the Health of Individuals

Sub: What is Health Promotion

Health promotion aims to improve the skills and capabilities of individuals in order to foster improved healthIt focuses on actions that prevent poor health from occurring or recurring.It is not about treating poor health after it has occurred.WHO (World Health Organisation) refers to it as ‘enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health’.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evzEnNAs7JQ&feature=related-

Heading: Who is Responsible for Health Promotion

Individuals, groups and governments need to work together. They cannot work separately.

Sub: Individuals

The Individual plays a large role. Options and resources can be provided, however, it is still up to the individual’s responsibility to develop and promote healthy behaviours.

How can individuals do this?Can keep well informed of new developmentsAre active participants in the health educationBehave in a safe and healthy wayPromote health with their families and peersParticipate and support actions in their workplace.

Sub: Community Groups/Schools

Provide services that are appropriate for their community (eg. Walking clubs)Provides focus on health services and education at the local levelProvide access to knowledge, resources and skills that promote change

Write your own examples

Local councils, Gyms, Health Curriculum, Healthy Canteen, No Hat No Play Sporting clubs

Sub:Non Government Organisations

Include lobby groups, special interest groups and political pressure groups. (eg. Pedestrian Council of NSW, Cancer Council, Greenpeace, Heart foundation, Asthma Foundation, Black Dog Institute.)Influences governments and decision-makers Collect information and data through researchProvide the public with information (marketing)

Sub: Governments

Sub sub: Federal or Commonweath

Steers and coordinates policies and directionsNational campaigns, strategies health policiesWork with state gov’ts to integrate policiesSupport research, monitor programsFunding for states

RTA Strategies - 'No one thinks big of you' , 'No belt No brain', 'Microsleeps'.

Sub sub: State

Mainly deliver primary health services through hospitals and clinics.Can be delivered through schools and local community agencies

Sub Sub: Local Councils

Implement Federal and State initiativesMain duties are in the areas of Food safety, sewage management, water quality.Swimming pool safety, fencingInjury prevention and safety promotionPromote physical activity and nutrition

Sub: International Organisations

World Health Organisation (WHO)- provides leadership on global health- sets priorities on health research- provides support- assesses global health trends

United Nations (UN)- better living standards- develop relationships- promote human rights- maintain peace and security

Question- Outline the main aims of health promotion?

Heading: Health Promotion Approaches and Strategies

- Lifestyle/Behavioural approach- Public Health Approach- Preventative Medical Approach

Sub: Individual Lifestyle Approach

These programs aim to develop skills and empower people to take control of their behaviour and attitudes.

Examples include:Oral health programs targeting primary school aged children and Physcial activity programs for overweight adultsSun safe promotions for school aged childrenQuit smoking campaigns e.g QuitlineWeight loss hotlines e.g Jenny Craig

This approach presumes that, with relevant information, people will change their actions and way of thinking to improve their health.

Sub: Preventative Medical Approach

Many illnesses and diseases can be prevented using Vaccinations and Heath Screenings.

Examples include:Childhood immunisations - tetanus, whooping cough, measles etcAdult immunisations - flu, cervical cancer (women)Screenings - breast, cervical and bowel cancer, heart screening

(Write 2 examples for each level of prevention) - Don't copy

Primary Prevention - Here the goal is to protect healthy people from developing a disease or experiencing an injury in the first place.

Secondary Prevention - These interventions happen after an illness or serious risk factors have already been diagnosed.

Tertiary Prevention - This focuses on helping people manage complicated, long-term health problems or from health problems reoccurring.

Sub: Public Health Approach

Public Health approaches are done on a large scale. They seek to involve as many people as possible to improve health by addressing underlying risk factors.

Examples include: Health promoting schools - PDHPE theory, anti-bullying, healthy canteensWork Cover - injury management, return to work, OH & S

Heading: The Ottawa Charter (1986)

In November 1986, (130 nations) a meeting was held in Ottawa, Canada, and this was the first real international conference on health promotion. They created a document with strategies to achieve "health for all"

The Ottawa Charter provides a framework for the implementation of health promotion. The Ottawa charter has 5 ACTION AREAS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ1H2ojwb2Q

Questions

1. Explain what the term empowerment of individuals means and how it relates to health promotion?

2. Explain the importance of non government organisations in health promotion.

Sub: 5 Action Areas

1. Develop personal skills2. Create supportive environment3. Strengthen community action4. Reorient health services5. Build healthy public policy

Acronyms: Dead Cats Smell Really Bad or DR BCS (Order does not matter)

Sub: Developing Personal Skills

Enabling or empowering people to develop life skills that will assist them in preventing or treating diseases.

ExamplesHealth education in schoolsMedia campaigns encouraging healthy life choicesPhysical Activity and nutrition guidelinesEnglish speaking courses for new immigrantsAnti-smoking programsDeveloping Health literacy skills

Sub: Creating Supportive Environments

All about creating surroundings that make it easier to make healthy choices.

ExamplesChild care centres in workplacesNeedle exchange programsGradual elimination of lead from petrolSetting targets for reducing carbon dioxide levels (Carbon tax)On the road - Speed humps, speed limits, school zones etcAt school - healthy canteens, student welfare programs, counsellorsOn the sporting field - moddied rules, protective equipment, padded areasIn your home - smoke alarms, electricity cut off switches

Sub: Strengthening Community Action

Getting communities together and involved. Communities then feel more ownership and control over their own endeavours and destinies.

Examples:Self help groups - Alcoholyics AnonymousLions club driver reviver stationsCommunity Events - 'City to Surf' or 'Bay to Bay'Clean up Australia DayDrop in centres for young peopleLobbying groups - changing speed limits, adding walking paths etc

Sub: Reorienting Health Services

Changing the direction of our health services. Focus more on prevention than cures. They need to specific to the needs of the population. They need to be colaborative between health institutions and governments.

Examples:Increased government funding for health promotionCholesterol and Blood pressure checks in shopping centresCourtesy buses for pubs/clubsDoctors working with child care centres to promote immunisationsPolice working in schools to address drink driving and crime

Sub: Building Healthy Public Policy

Legislation, laws, regulations, etc to prevent unhealthy behaviour

Examples:Restrictions to advertising cigarettesSmoke free workplaces and public buildingsAge restrictions for drinking alcoholCompulsory Swimming pool fencingEarlier closing times for pubs and clubs

Ottawa Charters Contribution to Tobbaco Use

Heading:Principles of Social Justice

Social justice is a value that favours the reduction or elimination of inequality. Access to good health should be available to all individuals.

EquityDiversitySupportive Environments

Sub: Equity

Health equity means that everyone has access to the health services and support they need, when they need it and in a place that is accessible. It involves making sure resources and funding is distributed fairly and without discrimination.

Sub: Diversity

Ensuring population groups are not discriminated against in terms of age, sex or ethnicity. Examples:Information available in various languagesPlacing health services in places easy to access by public transportCelebrating various culturesUnderstanding different health issues for various population groups

Sub: Supportive Environments

Supportive environments require that physical, social, economic and political environments that are supportive of health rather than damaging to it. The principle is also concerned with ensuring people have access to resources and opportunities for empowerment that will support their health.

Examples:HomeWorkSchools

Core 1 is now COMPLETE!!

Work that should be completed

Environmental Factors Homework SheetPlaning a healthier environment questions 1-3Public Health Approach (Schools and Workplaces) Worksheet

The Effectiveness of Different Health Promotion Video Clips

Name of the advertisement?What is the aim of the advertisement?What strategies has the creator used to get the message across?Comment on the how effective you think the ad is?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U219eUIZ7Qo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hWxU_ICoHM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGA5v5aaibo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QRXRsCjNHc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnCUhc2eFlY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRoliFQivHI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiXvAo6o0HY