Corbus - Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study ...Key Tasks- Eastern Wind Integration & Transmission Study • Wind plant modeling, data development, and Siting – Develop

Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study OverviewTransmission Study Overview

NCSL Transmission P li I iPolicy Institute

Denver, CO

June 17-18, 2010

Dave Corbus

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

What is Needed to Integrate 20% Wind in the Eastern Interconnect?

• Evaluate the power system operating impacts and transmission associated with increasing windassociated with increasing wind energy to 20% and 30%

• Impacts include operating with the variability andwith the variability and uncertainty of wind

• Build upon prior wind integration studies and related technical work;studies and related technical work;

• Coordinate with current regional power system study work;

P d i f l b dl• Produce meaningful, broadly supported results

• Technical Review Committee

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

Technical Review Committee

Includes representation from the following organizations

New York Independent System Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) –New York Independent System Operator (NYISO)Xcel EnergySouthern Company

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) –observer statusNorth American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)

PJM InterconnectionSouthwest Power Pool(SPP)U.S. Department of Energy Midwest ISO (MISO)

CapX 2020 (Great River Energy)WindlogicsNational Renewable Energy LabGeneral Electric (GE)Midwest ISO (MISO)

Michigan Public Service CommissionArea Power Pool (MAPP)American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)

General Electric (GE)Regulatory Assistance ProjectUniversity College DublinOrganization of MISO States (Wisconsin Public S i C i i )(AWEA) Service Commission)


EWITS Analysis Provides Detailed Information on

• Wind generation required to produce 20% and 30% of the projected electric energy demand over th U S ti f th E t I t ti ithe U.S. portion of the Eastern Interconnection in 2024• Transmission concepts for delivering energy• Transmission concepts for delivering energy economically for each scenario• Economic sensitivity simulations of the hourly y yoperation of the power system with wind generation, future market structures and transmission overlaytransmission overlay• The contribution made by wind generation to resource adequacy and planning capacity margin


resource adequacy and planning capacity margin

Key Tasks- Eastern Wind Integration & Transmission Studyy

• Wind plant modeling, data development, and Siting– Develop high quality wind resource data sets for the

wind integration study areaDevelop wind power plant outputs– Develop wind power plant outputs

– Identify wind sites and develop siting scenarios• Transmission study – Develop transmission concepts for y p pdifferent wind scenarios• Wind integration study

– Evaluate operating impacts– Evaluate resource adequacy

Compare scenario costs


– Compare scenario costs

Scenario Development and Siting

• Reference Case and Four Different Scenarios– Three 20% and one 30% wind scenarios

• Scenario 1 – Focus on higher wind speed sites in the Midwest with larger transmission componenttransmission component

• Scenario 3 – Focus on local wind near cities with lower capacity onshore wind and offshore windand offshore wind

• Up to 4 GW Canadian hydro and wind scheduled

• All of the four scenarios require a lot of wind and transmission!


Offshore Wind

• Great resource• Well correlated with load and close to load centers• More expensive!More expensive!


Scenario 1 – 20% “High Capacity Factor, On shore”


Scenario 2 - 20% “Hybrid with Offshore”


Scenario 3 - 20% “Local, with Aggressive Offshore”

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy FutureApril 30, 2009

Scenario 4 - 30% “Aggressive On- and Off-Shore”


The Power of Aggregation and Geographic Diversity


Key Task - Transmission

• High levels of new transmission are needed across the 4 scenarios

S t i i l t t ll– Some transmission elements are common to all overlays

• Reference case, 20% and 30% wind scenarios all require aReference case, 20% and 30% wind scenarios all require a significant transmission build out, otherwise they are not feasible

T i i d i bilit d id it• Transmission reduces variability and provides capacity benefits in its own right, and enhances the reliability contribution of wind generationg• The conceptual transmission overlays consist of multiple 800kV HVDC and EHV AC lines

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy FutureOctober 2, 2009 EWITS Technical Review Committee Webinar

Transmission Overlay for Scenario 3


Transmission - Why are We Always Jumping Through Hoops


Conceptual Transmission Overlays


Key Task – Wind Integration

• ApproachH l i l ti f ti l l i d• Hourly simulation of operational planning and power system operation using PROMOD• Synchronized wind and loadSynchronized wind and load

• Day-ahead unit commitment and scheduling based on load and windscheduling based on load and wind generation forecasts• Real-time operations (hourly• Real-time operations (hourly

simulations)• Operational structures


• Operational structures

Assumed operational structure for the Eastern Interconnection in 2024 (white circles represent ( pbalancing authorities)


Additional Reserve Requirements by Region and Scenario

6000

7000

men

t

5000

6000

on R

equi

rem

Load Only

3000

4000

rly

Reg

ulat

io(M

W) Reference Case

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

S i 3

1000

2000

vera

ge H

our Scenario 3

Scenario 4

0

MISO ISO‐NE NYISO PJM SERC SPP TVA

Av

Operating Region


Operating Region

Total Annualized Scenario Costs

180,000

200,000

)

140,000

160,000

,

2009

USD

M$)

Wind Capital Cost

80 000

100,000

120,000

nari

o Co

st (2

Wind Capital Cost

New Generation Capital Cost

Transmission Cost

Integration Cost

40,000

60,000

80,000

nual

ized

Sce

g

Wind Operational Cost

Production cost

‐

20,000

Reference Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4

Ann


e e e ce Sce a o Sce a o Sce a o 3 Sce a o

The results of this study pose some interesting policy and technology development questionsp y gy p q• Could the levels of transmission, including the Reference Case, be permitted and built and what is a realistic time frame?

C ld th l l f ff h i d i f t t b d• Could the level of offshore wind energy infrastructure be ramped up fast enough to meet the aggressive offshore wind assumption in scenario 3

W ld diff t bl fil t i i l i f• Would a different renewable profile or transmission overlay arise from a bottom-up planning process?• How can states and the federal government best work together on

i l t i i i d th i d l t fregional transmission expansion and the massive development of onshore and offshore wind infrastructure?• What is the best way for regional entities to collaborate to make sure

i d i i t t d i t th b lk l t i l id ti ll d li bl ?wind is integrated into the bulk electrical grid optimally and reliably ? • What is the difference between applying a carbon price versus mandating and giving incentives for additional wind and renewables


EWITS Conclusions

• 20 and 30% wind penetrations are technically feasible with significant expansion of the transmission i f t tinfrastructure.

– New transmission will be required for all the future wind scenarios in the Eastern Interconnection,wind scenarios in the Eastern Interconnection,

• Without transmission enhancements, substantial curtailment of wind generation will occur• Interconnection-wide costs for integrating large amounts of wind generation are manageable with large regional operating pools, where benefits of load and wind diversityoperating pools, where benefits of load and wind diversity can be exploited and large numbers of supply resources are efficiently committed and dispatched.


EWITS Conclusions

• Transmission helps reduce the impacts of the variability of the wind and….

• Reduces wind integration costs• Increases reliability of the electrical grid• Helps make more efficient use of the available

generation resources • Costs for aggressive expansions of the existing grid areCosts for aggressive expansions of the existing grid are significant, but they make up a relatively small piece of the total annualized costs in any of the scenarios studied• Wind generation displaces carbon-based fuels, directly reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions


Thank You for Your AttentionThank You for Your Attention

[email protected]://www.nrel.gov/ewits

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle

Documents

Corbus - Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study ...Key Tasks- Eastern Wind Integration & Transmission Study • Wind plant modeling, data development, and Siting – Develop