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Copyright Progressive Business Publications
First Aid
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Why Learn First Aid?
Each year there are:– 10,000 fatalities on the job – 5.5 million non-fatal worker-related injuries
Prompt care can mean the difference between:– Life and death– Minor and debilitating injuries– Temporary and permanent injuries– Quick and prolonged recoveries
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Be Prepared
Know locations of first aid kits
Know local emergency numbers– Ambulance, fire, police,
poison control Know designated
first responders Know associates certified in CPR Be ready to help
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
First Aid Kits
Contents:– 1 absorbent compress– 16 adhesive bandages– 1 adhesive tape– 10 antiseptic application– 6 burn application– 2 medical exam gloves– 4 sterile pads– 1 triangular bandage
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Responding to an Emergency: General Rules
Rule #1: Keep calm Assess the situation
– Who requires help?– Have hazards been
controlled? Alert medical assistance
– Know local emergency phone numbers
Keep the victim calm Notify supervisor
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Assess the Status of the Victim
Is victim conscious? Are airways blocked? Is victim breathing? Does victim have
a pulse? Is victim bleeding? Are there secondary injuries?
– Broken bones, dislocations or sprains, back or spinal injuries
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Rescue Breathing
Place person on back Open airway by tilting head back Clear mouth and throat of obstructions Pinch nose and seal your lips tight around
victim’s mouth Give 2 full breaths for 1 to 1 1/2 seconds each Give 1 breath every 5 seconds Check pulse
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Bleeding
Do not touch blood with bare hands– Use gloves or other personal protective equipment
Control the bleeding by– Putting direct pressure on the wound– Elevating the wound above the heart– Using pressure points if needed
Use a tourniquet only as a last resort:– Can risk permanent tissue damage leading
to amputation
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Saving Limbs or Fingers
Recover the severed part Rinse severed part in clean water Wrap in moist towel Place in clean plastic bag and seal Cool by resting on ice
– Never allow direct contact with ice– Never place in freezer
Be sure package transported to medical facility where victim was taken
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Shock
Can be life threateningand result in death
Symptoms: cold sweat,weakness, irregular breathing, chills, pale orbluish lips, confusion, nausea and vomiting
Treatment:– Have victim lie down with legs elevated– Cover with blanket or clothes to keep warm– No food or drink– Get medical help
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Poisoning
Signs: stains on skin or clothes, unusual odors, open containers, convulsions, sweating, confusion, pin-point pupils, difficulty breathing
Get victim away from poison as necessary Attempt to identify source
– Check label or MSDS for instructions For eyes: Flush with water for 15 minutes Gas: Remove victim from area Skin: Remove clothing and flush area with water Notify poison control center and 911
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Burns
Remove clothing– If stuck to burn, leave it
Hold burned area under running water for 15 minutes
Do not apply ointmnets or creams
Bandage with a clean, dry cloth Do not pop blisters For severe burns call for medical help
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Electric Shock
Stay clear until electrical contact is broken– Switch off source of
electricity if possibe Check to see if
– Victim is breathing– Victim has pulse
Keep vicitm lying down Keep victim warm Call for emergency help
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Eye Injuries
Know where nearest eyewash station or source of running water is located
For contact with chemicals: Flush with running water for 15 minutes
For cuts or punctures of the eye– Bandage the eye lightly– Do not remove embedded object– See physician immediately
Particles in eyes: Lift upper eyelid out toward lower lid
Blow to the eye: Cold compress
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Head Injuries
Can result in a concussion or brain injuries Symptoms: difficulty speaking, headache,
unequal size pupils, pale skin.– If brain injury: clear or redish fluid draining from
ears, nose or mouth, or paraylsis. Keep victim lying down Apply ice Be sure vicitm is breathing Do not give liquids to drink
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Heat Exhuastion and Heat Stroke
Heat Exhaustion– Symptoms: excessive fatigue, dizziness, confusion– Move to cool area and give plenty of liquids
Heat Stroke– Symptoms: flushed skin, lack of perspiration,
confusion, rapid pulse, high body temperature– Move to cool area– Put in cool water, sponge skin or wrap in cool wet
clothes, and fan the victim– Give plenty of liquids
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Hypothermia
Can result in death if not treated
Symptoms: uncontrollableshivering, dizziness, slurredspeech, slowed pulse
Treatment– Take victim to sheltered area– Raise body temperature slowly– Remove clothes and replace with warm dry clothes– Wrap victim in blanket– Give warm liquids to drink
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Fractures
Simple fracture: does notpierce through skin– Immobilize area– Apply splint
Compound fracture: pierces through the skin– Control bleeding– Cover injured area – Immobilize area– Apply splint
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Moving an Injured Victim
Never attempt to move an injured victim– Exceptions: situations where victim faces more
danger if left in position Move by dragging:
– Underneath shoulders or by feet– By clothes near neck or shoulders– After placing on blanket
If spinal or back injury is suspected:– Drag in direction of spine or– Place firm board underneath victim and carry
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Choking
If victim is conscious– Stand behind victim, grasp hands across abdomen
above navel and make fist – Make quick upward thrusts until item is dislodged
If victim becomes unconscious– Lay victim on back– Check airway for obstructions and remove
– Begin rescue breathing– If necessary, straddle victim and perform
abdominal thrusts
Copyright Progressive Business Publications
Fainting
Prior to losing consciousness: victim complains of lightheadness, weakness, nausea, and has pale and clammy skin
If a person begins to feel faint, have them sit down, lean forward and lower head toward knees
Treatment:– Keep vicitm lying on back with legs elevated– Loosen any tight clothing and apply cool damp cloths
to face or neck Do not allow victim to rise until you question him