opyright & Plagiarism?What they are and why you

should care!

Copyright defined:• the legal right to be the only one to

reproduce, publish, or sell the contents and form of a literary, musical, or artistic work

Plagiarism Defined:• Webster’s dictionary defines plagiarism as:

“to steal or pass off as one’s own (the ideas or work of another).”

How serious is the plagiarism problem?

“A study of 4,500 students at 25 schools:

72% admitted to serious cheating on written

assignments using the Internet.”

Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers UniversitySource: “CIA Research.” Center for Academic Integrity, Duke

University, 2003 <http://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp>.

Two types of plagiarism:• Intentional

– Copying a friend’s work

– Buying or borrowing papers

– Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting

– Media “borrowing”without documentation

• Unintentional– Careless

paraphrasing– Poor documentation– Failure to use your

own “voice”

Consequences in College:• Plagiarism at University of Virginia—

45 students dismissed, 3 graduate degrees revoked

– CNN Article AP. 26 Nov. 2001– Channel One Article AP. 27 Nov. 2002

College Plagiarism Form

Consequences in the Workplace:

• Jayson Blair (NY Times senior reporter) forced to resign after being accused of plagiarism and fraud.

• “The newspaper said at least 36 of the 73 articles he had written had problems with accuracy, calling the deception a "low point" in the newspaper's history.”

Rogers, Alex. ”Montana Senator's Degree Revoked over Plagiarism Charges." Time.com. Time, n.d. Web.

Possible school consequences:• “0” on the assignment• Failing a class?• Receiving a lower

grade? • Parent notification• Referral to

administrators• Suspension or dismissal

from school activities--sports and extracurricular

Do I have to cite

everything?

Question:

Answer: YES!!Except –

– When you write from your own experiences, observations, insights, thoughts, and conclusions about a subject.

– When you use a fact that is common knowledge. (e.x. Obama is the 44th president)

– Compile generally accepted facts.

– Write up your own experimental results.

You Must Cite When You:• Use or refer to someone else’s

words or ideas• Gain info through an inverview• Copy the exact words or a

“unique phrase.”• Reprint diagrams, illustrations,

charts, statistics, pictures, videos, and music

• Use the ideas of another person

What’s the big deal?

If I change a

few words, I’m

still okay,

right?

Wrong! Paraphrasing original ideas without documentingyour source, is plagiarism too!

You can “borrow” from the works of others in your own work, But be very

careful!

Use these three strategies:• Quoting• Paraphrasing • Summarizing

To blend source materials in with your own, making sure your own voice is

heard.

“Quoting…”• Quotations are the exact

words of an author, copied directly from a source, word for word.

• Quotations must be cited on your works cited page!

Paraphrasing:• putting someone else’s words

or ideas into your own words, restating to make it easier to understand.

*Although you are using your own words, the ideas are taken from someone else and must be cited on your Works-Cited page.

Paraphrasing• Paraphrasing is not simply

rearranging or rewording an original passage.

• You have to understand what the author is saying and write the ideas entirely in your own words.

Summarizing• Summarize: to give a

shortened version of something that has been said or written, stating its main points.

What’s the difference?• Paraphrasing is a

restatement to make an idea simpler to understand, without being concerned with length.

• Summarization is done to condense source material into a shorter form.

You can prevent plagiarism (stealing words and ideas).

• All you need to do is:• Take notes—put in your own words.• If you do copy words, put “ ” around

them and footnote whose words they are.

• Keep track of EVERY resource you use!

• Cite all of your sources at the end of your work.

For Bibliography Help:For help citing your sources use the

Research Help page on our library Website:

http://jcpsky.libguides.com/academyshawneelibrary

• Use websites such as www.easybib.com or the Purdue Owl website

• Use a style guide• Ask your teacher and/or librarian

Let’s practice spotting plagiarism

You decide…plagiarism or okay?Original Source

We see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through the eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image. – Karen McCall and Jim Dutcher, Cougar: Ghost of the Rockies, p. 137

McCall and Dutcher observe that we see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through conflicting eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image (137).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

Plagiarism or okay? You decide…

Original Source

We see conflicting pictures of the mountain lion through the eyes of hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists. Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image.

– Karen McCall and Jim Dutcher, Cougar: Ghost of the Rockies, p. 137

McCall and Dutcher observe that “hunters, ranchers, scientists, wildlife managers, and preservationists” see the mountain lion quite differently: “Each viewpoint, like a piece of glass in a kaleidoscope, is a shard, a fragment until it is combined with the other pieces to create a total image” (137).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

Plagiarism or not? You decide…Original Source:The park [Caspers Wilderness Park] was closed to minors in

1992 after the family of a girl severely mauled there in 1986 won a suit against the county. The award of $2.1 million for the mountain lion attack on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time, was later reduced to $1.5 million.

– Reyes and Messinsa, “more Warning Signs,” p. B1Reyes and Messina report that Caspers Wilderness Park was closed

to children in 1992 after the family of a girl brutally mauled there in 1986 sued the county. The family was ultimately awarded $1.5 million for the mountain lion assault on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time (B1).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

Plagiarism or not? You decide…Original SourceThe park [Caspers Wilderness Park] was closed to minors in 1992

after the family of a girl severely mauled there in 1986 won a suit against the county. The award of $2.1 million for the mountain lion attack on Laura Small, who was 5 at the time, was later reduced to $1.5 million.

– Reyes and Messinsa, “more Warning Signs,” p. B1

In 1992, officials banned minors from Caspers Wilderness Park. Reyes and Messina explain that park officials took this measure after a mountain lion attack on a child led to a lawsuit. The child, five year old Laura Small, had been severely mauled by a lion in 1986, and her parents sued the county. Eventually they received an award of $1.5 million (B1).

a. Plagiarism or b. Okay

Bibliography Gibaldi, Joseph, and Phyllis Franklin. MLA handbook

for writers of research papers. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 1999.Print

Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual. Boston: St. Martin, 2000.

Kluger, Jeffrey. “Keeping Young Minds Healthy.” Time 1 Nov. 2010: 40-50.

Merriam-Webster's school dictionary . Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 2004. Print.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. 1754

Seidensticker, John. “Mountain Lions Don’t Stalk People: True or False?” Audubon Feb. 1992: 13-22.

Trans. Henry J. Tozzer, ed. Lester G. Crocker. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1967.

Bibliography• “Boston Columnist Resigns Amid New Plagiarism Charges.” CNN.com

19 Aug. 1998 3 March 2003 http://www.cnn.com/US/9808/19/barnicle/• Fain, Margaret. “Internet Paper Mills.” Kimbal Library. 12 Feb. 2003.

<http://www.coastal.edu/library/mills2.htm>• Lathrop, Ann and Kathleen Foss. Student Cheating and Plagiarism in

the Internet Era. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2000.• Lewis, Mark. “Doris Kearns Goodwin And The Credibility Gap.”

Forbes.com 2 Feb. 2002. <http://www.forbes.com/2002/02/27/0227goodwin.html>

• “New York Times Exposes Fraud of own Reporter.” ABC News Online. 12 May, 2003.<http://www.pbs.org/newshour/newshour_index.html>

• Sabato, Larry J. “Joseph Biden's Plagiarism; Michael Dukakis's 'Attack Video' – 1988.” Washington Post Online. 1998. 3 March 2002. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/biden.htm

• Unker, Christi. Plagiarism. November 2011. November 2 2011