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Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
CHAPTER 6Gene Expression:
Translation
Peter J. Russell
Translation and the genetic code
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.17 Diagram of a polysome, a number of ribosomes each translating the same
mRNA sequentially
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.3 Mechanism for peptide bond formation between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.4 Four levels of protein structure
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.6 Reversion of a deletion frameshift mutation by a nearby addition mutation
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.7 Hypothetical example showing how three nearby + (addition) mutations
restore the reading frame, giving normal or near-normal function
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.8 The genetic code
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.9 Example of base-pairing wobble
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.11 Molecular details of the attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.10 Charging of a tRNA molecule by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to produce an
aminoacyl-tRNA (charged tRNA)
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.12 Initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.14 Sequences involved in the binding of ribosomes to the mRNA in the
initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.16 The formation of a peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a
polypeptide chain is catalyzed on the ribosome by peptidyl transferase
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.15 Elongation stage of translation in prokaryotes
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.18 Termination of translation
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.19 Movement of secretory proteins through the cell membrane system
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig. 6.20 Model for the translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum in
eukaryotes
Peter J. Russell, iGenetics: Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.