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Copyright Collective Management Role and Functioning of RROs
Olav Stokkmo, CEO of IFRRO
Repronig – IFRRO – NCC – ARIPO – WIPO Conference
17 September 2013 Lagos
Provider of reliable information on copyright-led solutions in the text and image based sector
IFRROInternational Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
The global network140 members in 77 countries
International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
87 RROs 53 Creator & Publisherbodies
IFRRO Key Activities• Communications /
Information
• Business Approaches
• Regional Development
Cooperates with• WIPO• UNESCO
• EU• OAPI, ARIPO, LAS
APEC, CERLALC
• CISAC, SAA, etc.• IFLA, EBLIDA
• RROs in 77 countries– Europe 35– Africa 12– Americas and Caribbean 18– Asia and Oceania 12
• Key facets of RRO activities– Awareness raising– Copyright enforcement– Licence, collect and distribute revenues;
• Operate on the basis of – Mandates from Authors or Publishers– Legislation
RROs -Reproduction Rights OrganisationsSet up/Governed jointly by Authors and Publishers
IFRRO. RRO-members, total members and collected fees
RROs and total members 22.8.2013; Collected fees 1989-2012
020406080
100120140160
1989 1994 2000 2008 2012/13
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RROs Total members Collected fees
Income from secondary uses is indispensible to creation and investment in new works
Supporting collective management is
supporting economy, knowledge, culture
The educational publishing ecosystem Primary market
Secondary market
Exceptions
7
Valuing copyright allows investmentin creativity, knowledge and culture
exceptions are important; unremunerated exceptions should be limited to instances where primary and secondary markets cannot fulfil a market need efficiently
Authors• 20% decline in income from secondary uses would mean a drop
of 29% in output or the equivalent of 2,870 works per year.
Publishers• Secondary copyright payments play an important role in
incentivising investment in new products
Source: PWC, An economic analysis of education exceptions in copyright
Provision of easy legal access to copyright works
Protects both content creators and consumers
Income from secondary usesFundamental to the author & development
Seamless Access to © works – Addressing primary and secondary markets
Provision of easy, legal access to © works protects users and R/Hs
ACCESSFINDING
RETRIEVING
USING
SHARING
Works Rightsholders
PaidFreely available
Personal use
Classroom use
Research/Collaboration
Republication
New Work
Translation
Print-disabled version
Photocopying
Internal External
E-mailing
Internal External
Posting
Intranet Internet
Storing
Text & Data Mining
Accessing Intellectual Property
RRO Collective Administration Contributes to seamless access to © works
• Individual licensing when one to one or many
• Collective management when many to many; when individual licensing is
– Impossible• Typically Orphan works
– Impracticable or Insufficient• Typically Multiple copying & Out-of-Print works
RROs complements individual administration
Operate on the basis of mandates from; governed jointly by• Authors and Publishers
Writers including translators; Visual artists; Composers
Publishers (Book, journal, newspaper, magazine, music)
• Legislation
Key facets of RRO activities Awareness raising Copyright enforcement Licence, collect and distribute revenues
RROs Make Copyright Work!
RROs -Reproduction Rights OrganisationsCollective Rights Managers in text & image sector
Content of RRO repertoire licence
• Limited extracts• 5-15%; chapter; article• Personal and Internal use
• Permitted uses• Photocopying and scanning• Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external
dissemination
• Authorised users• Terms• Fees• Usage reporting requirements• Compliance awareness
Digital sources and applications
• Sources
• Applications and uses
o Scan o PPTo Printout o Whiteboardo Intranet oView
o Virtual Learning Environmento Document delivery
o Store o Redirect to contento Email o RRO content database
o Analogue o Onlineo Electronic carrier o Internet download
RROsAreas of Collective Administration
• Education at all levels– Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education
• Trade and Industry
• Public Administration– Government; Regional; Local
• Religious bodies
• Public and Research libraries
• Cultural institutions
• Copy shops
• Press Cutting Agencies
RRO rights administrationNew areas
• Digital Libraries– Orphan Works
– Works out of Commerce• Model Licences – Secure and Open Networks• Rights Clearance• Databases
• People with print disabilities• Trusted Intermediaries (TI) pilot project
• WIPO Stakeholder Platform - TIGAR• EC Stakeholder Dialogue – MoU - ETIN
A society that values knowledge and culture values its creators
Governments
Vital in enforcing the © ecosystem
Legislation Adopt appropriate legal framework Enforce legislation
Awareness raising
Licensing Take up licence for own copying Take up licence for copying in owned institutions Recommend and encourage copyright licensing
Role of Government
Helps create wealth, employment and economic growth
Strengthening copyright &
collective management
Copyright A Fundamental Human Right!
• Fundamental problem: Web being free obscures the fact that people created all this data
• Much of the danger to middle-class professionals stems from Internet’s hostility to ownership of knowledge
• Restore the value of data( Jaron Lanier: Who owns the future)
Jaron Lanier virtual reality
A world that values knowledge values its creators!
Economic growth
Cannot be created by giving all away for free
Al Gore
We are nearing a threshold beyond which so many jobs are lost that the level of consumer demand falls below the level necessary to sustain healthy economic growth
(Al Gore in The Future)
The Copyright Sectors Fuel the Digital Economy!
Collective ManagementSeamless access to copyright works
Safe
Simple
Fast
Innovative
Convenient
Cost effective
