Copyright © 2011 AIHE The American Revolution vs. The French Revolution A presentation by Kevin T. Brady, Ph.D. 1

Copyright © 2011 AIHE

The American Revolution

vs.

The French Revolution

A presentation by Kevin T. Brady, Ph.D.

1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg

http://www.worldofstock.com/slides/PHI1171.jpg


Grade Three - History 8.2.3.B. Identify and describe primary documents, material

artifacts and historic sites important in Pennsylvania history.

Documents, Writings and Oral Traditions (e.g., Penn’s Charter, Pennsylvania “Declaration of Rights”)

8.3.3.B. Identify contributions of individuals and groups to United States history.

George Washington Thomas Jefferson Abraham Lincoln Theodore Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Pennsylvania Academic Standards for History


Grade Six - History 8.3.6.B. Identify and explain primary documents, material artifacts and historic

sites important in United States history from Beginnings to 1824. Documents (e.g., Mayflower Compact, Northwest Ordinance, Washington’s

Farewell Address) 18th Century Writings and Communications (e.g., Paine’s Common Sense;

Franklin’s “Join, or die,” Henry’s “Give me liberty or give me death”) Grade Twelve – World History

8.3.12.D. Evaluate how conflict and cooperation among social groups and organizations impacted world history from 1450 to Present in Africa, Americas, Asia

and Europe. Domestic Instability Ethnic and Racial Relations Labor Relations Immigration and Migration Military Conflicts

3

Pennsylvania Academic Standards for History


Similarities America

Landed élites, merchants, Middle Class Changed Governments

Republicanism

France Bourgeoisie Changed Governments

Republicanism

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Differences America

Life Liberty Property

(Pursuit of Happiness) or (Social Happiness, i.e., an end in itself -- civic

virtues of courage, moderation, and justice)

France Liberty Equality Fraternity

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America Settler Republics, to Quasi-independent republics, to Loose union of republics, to Stronger union of republics

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France Absolute Monarchy, to Republic, to Dictatorships, to Empire

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Trajectory in 11 years AMERICA

Declaration of Independence to the Constitution

FRANCE Beheading a King to crowning an Emperor

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Differences America had a quarrel with the “present” King The King had violated their traditions and English

Law

France overthrew an entire government An entire social structure An entire way of life

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Religion France overthrew Christianity and the Catholic

Church structure They then created a new secular state religion the

“Cult of Reason,” then “The Cult of the Supreme Being.”

Most American Christian denominations supported the American Revolution

Christianity stayed strong after the Patriot victory

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War America invaded Canada to get the Canadians on

its side It didn’t work One short attempt

France went to war with all of Europe Worked to spread the revolution War lasted 23 years

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Goals America

Independence from Britain Create a new government

Free republics Consent of the governed

France Destroy old Ancein Régime – the old order.

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Anglo-Scottish view Man is bad and corrupt

From Christianity Fallen nature of man

From Machiavelli “Man is Wicked” (without Christian chance of redemption

and grace)

Virtue is in the institutions We can improve conditions and institutions, rather

than man

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Jean Jacques Rousseau the basis for much of the later Franco-German thought

Man is good The Noble Savage

Society is bad Institutions are corrupt “Man was born free, but everywhere he is

in chains.”

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Philosophical American

John Locke Natural Law – Enlightenment Reason Consent of the Governed

Machiavelli Institutions Balance through tension Man is wicked

Christianity Man is fallen

Liberty

French Jean Jacques Rousseau

Romantic

Emotion General Will

General Will State control Man is good

Society is evil Equality

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Consequences America

Life Liberty Property

Individual Rights & Private Property

France Liberty Equality Fraternity

Coercion & Collectivism

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Consequences Consent of the Governed

Free Elections Division of Power Peaceful Transfer

of Power

General Will

Coercion Centralization of Power Dictatorial Power

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Maximilian RobespierreA doctrinaire disciple of RousseauThe Reign of Terror — 1792–1794

Guillotined 40,000 persons who were “inauthentic” to the revolution

Robespierre is then guillotined for being inauthentic

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Rousseauian Autonomous Freedom

In the Social Contract (1762), “In order that the social compact may not be an empty formula, it tacitly includes the undertaking, which alone can give force to the rest, that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. This means nothing less than that he will be forced to be free.”

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Rousseau’s Autonomous Freedom He pushed for freedom from the institutions of

society — church, family, class, community. The STATE would be the redeemer. By destroying all social ties, the state would

liberate the person from all allegiance to anything except the STATE.

He said, “Each citizen would then be completely free of all his fellow men, and absolutely depended on the state.”

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In Anglo-American tradition: Liberty is freedom from state power Governments were formed to protect

people’s rights and property

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Consequences: Rousseau gives birth to the modern idea of

REVOLUTION — not the overthrow of a government, but the complete destruct of the existing order

The revolutionaries will build a new, perfect order, with new type human beings — The NEW MAN

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Further Consequencesof the “Ideal Society”

Marx Lenin Stalin Mussolini Hitler Mao Pol Pot

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