Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Prepared By: Renee Brokaw University of North Carolina, Charlotte This multimedia product and its contents

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Prepared By: Renee BrokawUniversity of North Carolina, Charlotte

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:•Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;•Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;•Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

1


Unit 1

Principles of Communication

2


Chapter 4

Understanding Verbal Messages

3


Communication Principles of a Lifetime

4


Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?

• Nonverbal communication– Communication other than written or spoken

language– Creates meaning

5


Emotional Attitudes

Albert Mehrabian

6


Challenge Question

• According to Albert Mehrabian, the most significant nonverbal source of emotional information isA. Vocal cues.

B. The face.

C. Personal space.

D. Emblems.

7


Answer

• According to Albert Mehrabian, the most significant nonverbal source of emotional information isA. Vocal cues.

B. The face.

C. Personal space.

D. Emblems.

8


Nonverbal Messages are More Believable

Verbal Nonverbal• Delivering a message

claiming you are not upset

• Quivering voice• Shaky knees• Flushed face

9


Computer-Mediated Communication

• Conveying emotion

– :-( Depressed or upset– :-l Indifferent– :-o Surprised– :-D Laughing

10


Nonverbal Messages are Critical to Successful Relationships

• William Chaplin’s “handshake index”– Strength– Vigor– Completeness of grip– Duration

11


Nonverbal Messages Serve Multiple Functions

• Can substitute for verbal messages

• Complement verbal messages

• Regulate our conversation

• Accent or reinforce verbal message

12


Nonverbal Communication is Culture- Bound

13


Nonverbal Communication is Rule-Bound

• Researcher Judee Burgoon– Expectancy Violations Model– Rules dictated by our:

• Cultural backgrounds• Personal experiences• Knowledge of others

14


Nonverbal Messages are Ambiguous

• Perception checking– Observe nonverbal cues– Interpret nonverbal cues– Ask person being observed their opinion– Seek second opinion

15


Nonverbal Language is Continuous

• Constantly changing– Facial expressions– Posture– Hand gestures– Eye contact

16


Nonverbal Language is Nonlinguistic

• Body Language by Julius Fast– Nonverbal communication was a language

• Pattern• Grammar

17


Nonverbal Communication is Multi-channeled

• Messages registered simultaneously

• Messages recognized one at a time

18


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Appearance

• Body size and shape

• Skin color and texture

• Hairstyle

• Clothing– Artifacts

• Jewelry• Tattoos• Piercings

19


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Kinesics

– Movement

– Gesture

– Posture

20


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Emblems

• Nonverbal cue

• Meaning culturally bound

• Substitutes for word or phrase

21


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Illustrators

• Accompanies verbal behavior– Complements– Contradicts– Accents

22


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Affect Displays

• Face reflects– Kind of emotion

• Body reflects– How much emotion you are feeling

23


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Regulators

• Control communication interaction

• Control communication flow

24


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior: Adaptors

• Satisfy a personal need

• Adapt to the immediate situation

• Quasi-courtship behavior– Courtship readiness– Preening– Positional cues– Appeals to invitation

25


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Eye Contact

More Likely Less Likely• Physically distant• Discuss impersonal

topics• Have no distractions• Romantically

interested• Female• Cultural values

• Physically close• Discuss intimate

topics• Have distractions• Not interested or

dislike• Male• Cultural values

26



• John F. Kennedy– Appeared comfortable and confident– Made eye contact

• Richard Nixon– Darted eyes nervously– Made less eye contact

• Regarded as shifty, untrustworthy and lacked credibility

27



• Indicators of deception– Rapid eye movement– Diminished eye contact– Rapid blinking

28


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Facial Expressions

• 250,000 facial expressions

• Ekman and Friesen’s six primary emotions– Happiness– Sadness– Surprise– Fear– Anger– Disgust or contempt

29


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Touch

• Study of human touch– Haptics

• Individual standard of appropriate touching– Touch ethic

30


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:The Voice

• Paralanguage or Vocalics– Pitch, rate, use of silence, volume

• Back-channel cues– End conversation by lowering pitch and

volume– End conversation by lowering pitch and

volume– Begin conversation with “I” or “Ah” or “Um”

• Response latency or response time31


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Physical Environment

• Environmental contexts alter behavior

• Extensions of our personalities

32


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Space

Category Definition Distance Between Individuals

Zone 1 Intimate Space 0 to 1.5 feet

Zone 2 Personal Space 1.5 to 4 feet

Zone 3 Social Space 4 to 12 feet

Zone 4 Public Space 12 to 25 and beyond

Proxemics

Edward T. Hall’s Classification of Spatial Zones

33


Edward T. Hall’s Four Zones of Space

34


Challenge Question• According to Edward T. Hall, your

personal space zone where most of your conversation with others takes place, is anywhere fromA. 0 to 1 ½ feet.

B. 1 ½ to 4 feet.

C. 4 to 12 feet.

D. 12 feet on.

35


Answer• According to Edward T. Hall, your

personal space zone where most of your conversation with others takes place, is anywhere fromA. 0 to 1 ½ feet.

B. 1 ½ to 4 feet.

C. 4 to 12 feet.

D. 12 feet on.

36


Codes of Nonverbal Behavior:Territory

• Territoriality– Occupancy or ownership of space

• Territorial markers– Things and actions claiming personal space

37


Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior:Immediacy

Immediacy Cues Behavior• Proximity• Body orientation• Eye contact• Facial expressions• Gestures• Posture• Touch• Voice

• Close, forward lean• Face-to-face, side-to-side• Mutual eye contact• Smiling• Head nods, movement• Arms other-oriented• Adapted to Culture/Context • Higher pitch, upward pitch

38


Interpreting Nonverbal Behavior:Arousal

• Arousal cues– Increased eye contact– Closer conversational distances– Increased touch– Animated vocalics– More direct body orientation

39

Documents

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Prepared By: Renee Brokaw University of North Carolina, Charlotte This multimedia product and its contents