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Figure 15.2a The human urinary system.
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Figure 25.2b Position of the kidneys against the posterior body wall.
12th rib
(b)
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Figure 25.2a Position of the kidneys against the posterior body wall.
Body wall
• Perirenal fat capsule
Renalartery
Renalvein
Inferiorvena cavaAorta
PeritoneumPeritoneal cavity(organs removed)
Anterior
Posterior(a)
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Figure 15.3 The positions of the bladder, the urethra, and associated organs in males and in females.
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Figure 25.3 Internal anatomy of the kidney.
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Minor calyx
Renal column
Renal pyramid in renal medulla
Renalhilum
(a) Photograph of right kidney, frontal section (b) Diagrammatic view
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Figure 25.4a Blood vessels of the kidney.
Renal artery
Renal vein
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Renal medulla
Renal cortex
(a) Frontal section illustrating major blood vessels
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Figure 15.2c The human urinary system.
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Figure 15.4 Tubular regions of a nephron.
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Figure 15.4 Tubular regions of a nephron.
Efferent arteriole
Afferentarteriole
Cortex
Descendinglimb
f
Medulla
Renal pelvis
d
b
c
a
Ascendinglimb
e
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Figure 15.7a glomerular filtration.
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• What leaves blood in glomerulus?– Everything smaller than 70,000 MW
• What is retained in blood?– Blood cells– Most blood proteins
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Figure 25.10 A schematic, uncoiled nephron showing the three major renal processes that adjust plasma composition.
Afferent arteriole
Glomerular capillaries
Efferent arteriole
Glomerular capsule
Rest of renal tubulecontaining filtrate
Peritubularcapillary
To cortical radiate vein
Urine
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Three majorrenal processes:
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Figure 15.8 The proximal tubule.
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Figure 15.9 Basic mechanisms of reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
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Figure 25.7a Blood vessels of cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
Corticomedullaryjunction
Kidney
(a)
Afferent arterioleCollecting ductDistal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Peritubular capillaries
Efferent arteriole
Proximalconvoluted tubule
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Figure 25.7b Blood vessels of nephrons.
Peritubularcapillary bed
Efferentarteriole
Afferentarteriole
Glomerulus
(b)
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Figure 25.4a Blood vessels of the kidney.
Cortical radiate vein
Cortical radiate artery
Arcuate vein
Arcuate artery
Interlobar vein
Interlobar artery
Renal artery
Renal vein
(a) Frontal section illustrating major blood vessels
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Figure 25.20 Cross-sectional view of the ureter wall (10x).
Lumen
AdventitiaCircularlayerLongitudinallayer
TransitionalepitheliumLaminapropria
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Table 15.1 Sources of water gain and loss per day
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Table 15.3 Amounts of various substances filtered and excreted or reabsorbed
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Table 25.2 Abnormal Urinary Constituents
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