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Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
Unit Eleven
Augmentative and
Alternative Communication
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
Chapter 44
People Who May Use
Augmentative and Alternative
Communication Systems
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
3
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
• Any approach designed to support, enhance or supplement the communication of people who are not able to communicate verbally in all situations
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
4
Criteria for AAC Use
• Only criteria for candidacy for use of an AAC system is whether a person wants or needs such a device
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
6
Children and Adults with Developmental Disabilities
• Cerebral palsy
• Intellectual disabilities
• Autism
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
7
Cerebral Palsy
• Developmental neuromuscular disorder
• All speech systems may be involved
• Team approach required to develop most functional AAC system
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
8
Cerebral Palsy
• A “balanced approach” is needed for the communication program
• AAC needs must be balanced with:– Motor development training– Academic instruction– Speech therapy
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
9
Intellectual Disabilities
• Many clients with intellectual disabilities do not use speech
• Carefully designed AAC systems may be an efficient and effective means of communication
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
10
Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Therapy programs include:– Functional, spontaneous communication
with speech or AAC– Social and play skills– Cognitive development– Behavior support and academic skills
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
11
Childhood Apraxia
• AAC therapy is augmentative
• AAC systems may be used until children are able to communicate sufficiently orally
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
12
Adults with Acquired Communication Disorders
• Many adults with acquired impairments or progressive diseases can benefit from AAC:– Aphasia– Apraxia and dysarthria– TBI– Locked-in syndrome
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Assessment and
Augmentative and Alternative
Communication Systems
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
14
Goals of AAC
• Communicate messages in conversations
• Participate in daily life
• Establish/maintain social roles
• Meet personal needs
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15
Principles of AAC Assessment
• Team approach is required
• Client is the “captain” of the team
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
16
Assessment of Capabilities
• Positioning and seating
• Neuromotor impairments
• Motor capabilities
• Sensory and perceptual abilities
• Communication and cognitive abilities
• Symbols
• Literacy skills
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
17
Communication Boards
• A device or board on which symbols and messages are represented
• Can be low-tech or sophisticated
• Basic boards will contain the alphabet, numbers, key words
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18
Symbols
• Photographs and illustrations
• Picture Communication Symbols ©
• Rebus symbols
• DynaSyms
• Blissymbolics
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19
Factors that Influence AAC Message Selection
• Gender and age
• Preliterate/literate
• Time-sensitive messages
• Fatigue reduction
• Organization of semantic categories
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20
Two Selection Techniques
• Direct select– Most people directly point or touch the symbol
to indicate a message
• Scanning– Board is activated and when desired symbol
is highlighted– Person indicates symbol has been selected
Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.
21
Additional Challenges of AAC
• Functional use of AAC in everyday situations is still limited
• Use of AAC varies across different settings
• Almost one-third of purchased devices are abandoned