Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D. H UMAN P HYSIOLOGY PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGYHUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation byDr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

T H I R D E D I T I O N

Chapter 18, part AGas Exchange and Transport


About this ChapterAbout this Chapter

• Getting CO2 & O2 dissolved for transport

• How oxygen is transported, role of hemoglobin

• How carbon dioxide is transported

• Regulators that sense and coordinate respiration with circulation for gas transport


Overview of Respiratory ExchangeOverview of Respiratory Exchange

Figure 18-1: Overview of oxygen and exchange and Transport CO2


• Pressure gradient: lower at high altitudes

• Temperature: constant in warm blooded humans

• Solubility (solute & solvent): O2 or CO2 in water

Solubility of GassesSolubility of Gasses

Figure 18-2: Gases in solution


Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: OxygenGas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen

• Diffusion through alveolar thin cells

• Down diffusion gradient

• Higher in alveoli

• Lower in blood

• Diffusion from blood

• Also down gradient

• To ECF

• To tissue cells (convert O2 to CO2)

PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Exchange


Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: OxygenGas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen

Figure 18-3a: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells


Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon DioxideGas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide

• Diffusion out of cells (down diffusion gradient)

• Into blood

• Buffer role

• Conversions:

• Plasma

• Bicarbonate

• On Hb

• Into alveolus & expiration


Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon DioxideGas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide

Figure 18-3b: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells


Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to ExchangeAlveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange

• Wet surface

• Thin epithelia

• Little ECF

• Diseases:

• Emphysema

• Fibrotic Lung

• Pulmonary edema

• Asthma


Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to ExchangeAlveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange

Figure 18-5: Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar and endothelial cells to enter the plasma


Overview of Hemostasis: Clot Formation & Vessel RepairOverview of Hemostasis: Clot Formation & Vessel Repair

Figure 18-4: Pulmonary pathologies that affect alveolarventilation and gas exchange


Gas Transport in the Blood: OxygenGas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen

Figure 18-6: Summary of oxygen transport in the blood

• 2% in plasma

• 98% in hemoglobin (Hb)

• Blood holds O2 reserve


Gas Transport in the Blood: OxygenGas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen

Figure 18-7 : The role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport

PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Transport


Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation CurveHemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve

• 4 binding sites per Hb molecule

• 98% saturated in alveolar arteries

• Resting cell PO2 = 40 mmHg

• Working cell PO2 = 20 mmHg

• More unloaded with more need

• 75% in reserve at normal activity


Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation CurveHemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve

Figure 18-8: Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D. H UMAN P HYSIOLOGY PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide