Copyright © 2003 by Boat Ed. All rights reserved. No part of this BOAT ALABAMA PowerPoint presentation may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any

Copyright © 2003 by Boat Ed. All rights

reserved. No part of this BOAT ALABAMA

PowerPoint presentation may be reproduced

or copied in any form or by any process

without permission in writing from Boat Ed.

Class PlanClass Plan

Lesson One:Lesson One: KNOW YOUR BOAT

Lesson Two:Lesson Two: BEFORE YOU GET UNDERWAY

Lesson Three:Lesson Three: OPERATING YOUR BOAT SAFELY

Lesson Four:Lesson Four: LEGAL REQUIREMENTS OF BOATING

Lesson Five:Lesson Five: BOATING EMERGENCIES

Lesson Six:Lesson Six: ENJOYING WATER SPORTS

LESSON ONELESSON ONE

KNOW YOUR BOATKNOW YOUR BOAT

Lesson One: Key TopicsLesson One: Key Topics

• Vessel classifications

• Hull types and shapes

• Vessel parts

• Kinds of engines

• Personal Watercraft (PWC)

• Sailboats

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatObjectivesObjectives

You should…You should…

be able to identify the different types of hulls and their performance characteristics

be able to identify the basic parts of a boat, a PWC and a sailboat

be able to identify the different kinds of engines commonly found in recreational vessels and their uses

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatLength ClassesLength Classes

Vessels divided into classes by length which dictates Vessels divided into classes by length which dictates equipment necessary to comply with federal and state equipment necessary to comply with federal and state laws. Length measured from tip of bow in straight line laws. Length measured from tip of bow in straight line to sternto stern

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatLength Classes Length Classes (cont.)(cont.)

Four most common length classes are:Four most common length classes are:

• Less than 16 feet (Class A)

• 16 feet to less than 26 feet (Class 1)



Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatHull Types and ShapesHull Types and Shapes

Displacement hullsDisplacement hulls are designed to cut through water

Planing hullsPlaning hulls rise up and glide on top of water

Hull ShapesHull Shapes AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Flat Bottom HullFlat Bottom Hull Planing hull with shallow Rides roughly indraft; good for fishing in choppy waterssmall lakes and rivers

Deep Vee HullDeep Vee Hull Planing hull gives Takes more powersmoother ride in rough to move than a flatwater bottom hull; may

roll or bank in sharp turns

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatHull Shapes and Types Hull Shapes and Types (cont.)(cont.)

There are four basic hull shapes

Hull ShapesHull Shapes AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Round Bottom HullRound Bottom Hull Typical displacement hull Has a tendency to rollthat moves easily through unless it has a deep water even at slow speeds keel or stabilizers

Multi-HullMulti-Hull Another displacement Needs large areahull; has greater stability when turningbecause of wide beam

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatHull Shapes and Types Hull Shapes and Types (cont.)(cont.)

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatVessel TerminologyVessel Terminology

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatVessel Terminology Vessel Terminology (cont.)(cont.)

Additional term:Additional term:Transom:Transom: Vertical surface at the back of the hull

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatEngine Types - OutboardsEngine Types - Outboards

• Complete power unit ranging in size from under one horsepower to more than 300 hp

• Higher HP-to-WT ratio than other engine types

• Separate fuel tanks that are either portable or built into vessel

• Internal combustion engines

• Steered by controlling tiller or steering wheel

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatEngine Types - InboardsEngine Types - Inboards

• Mounted inside hull’s midsection or in front of transom

• Four-stroke automotive engine adapted for marine use, if on vessel

• Two-stroke engine on PWC

• Steering is controlled by rudder behind the propeller (except PWC and jet drive boats)

• PWC steering controlled by jet flow of water

• Known as inboard/outboards (I/O), combine features found on both

• Mounted inside vessel and attached through transom to drive unit

• Four-cycle automotive engines adapted for marine use

• Steering controlled by drive unit that swivels like outboard

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatEngine Types - InboardsEngine Types - Inboards

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatEngine Types – Jet DrivesEngine Types – Jet Drives

• Jet drives propel vessel by jet of water forced out back of vessel. Directing jet steers vessel

• PWC are most common type of vessels using jet drive

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatEngine Types – Jet DrivesEngine Types – Jet Drives

• May power larger vessels – commonly used for vessels designed for shallow water conditions. Jet boats can have inboard or outboard jet drives

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatPersonal Watercraft (PWC)Personal Watercraft (PWC)

• PWC are small vessels which use an inboard jet drive as primary source of propulsion. They are designed to be operated by a person sitting, standing, or kneeling on the vessel

• U. S. Coast Guard includes PWC in group of inboard vessels, less than 16 feet in length

• PWC are subject to same laws and requirements of any other vessel plus some specific to PWC

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatPersonal Watercraft Personal Watercraft (cont.)(cont.)

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatSailboatsSailboats

Sailboats range in size and Sailboats range in size and complexity, but basically consist complexity, but basically consist of four components:of four components:

• Hull carries passengers and supports rigging

• Rigging includes lines, sails, boom and masts

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatSailboats Sailboats (cont.)(cont.)

• Keel or centerboard is attached to bottom of hull and keeps vessel from sliding sideways through water

• Rudder is used to steer sailboat and is controlled by tiller or steering wheel

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatReview QuestionsReview Questions

What are four length classes of vessels?

What are the two basic types of vessel hulls?

Name four basic hull shapes

Which side of the vessel is the port side?

Which part of the vessel is the stern?

What are the three basic types of engines?

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatReview Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

What do stern drive and inboard engines have in common?

How does the U. S. Coast Guard classify a PWC?

Are personal watercraft subject to the laws and requirements of other vessels?

What do you call a device that is used to pump water in a desired direction under pressure?

Vessels are divided into four classes by length

Most powerboats and PWC have planing hulls; most sailboats and cruisers have displacement hulls

There are three kinds of engines – outboards, inboards, and stern drives

PWC are classified by the U. S. Coast Guard as inboard vessels and are subject to all laws governing vessels

Lesson One: Know Your BoatLesson One: Know Your BoatSummarySummary

LESSON TWO LESSON TWO

BEFORE YOU GET BEFORE YOU GET

UNDERWAYUNDERWAY

Lesson Two: Key TopicsLesson Two: Key Topics

• Vessel’s capacity

• Float plans

• Fueling a vessel

• Trailering

• Lines and knots

• Theft prevention

• Vessel and engine maintenance

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway ObjectivesObjectives


be able to locate and understand a vessel’s capacity plate

know how to file a proper float plan

be able to fuel a vessel safely

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Objectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

be able to launch and retrieve a vessel from a trailer safely and courteously

know what to do to prevent theft

know the basics of vessel and engine maintenance

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway CapacityCapacity

Never take a vessel on the water with too many people Never take a vessel on the water with too many people or too much gear onboard. Vessels loaded beyond or too much gear onboard. Vessels loaded beyond capacity will more easily swamp or capsizecapacity will more easily swamp or capsize

• Capacity plate is located near the operator’s position or on the transom

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Capacity Capacity (cont.)(cont.)

• Indicates maximum weight capacity (including passengers, gear and motors) or maximum number of people vessel can safely carry

• Federal law requires single-hull vessels have capacity plate if less than 20 feet in length

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Capacity Capacity (cont.)(cont.)

• Recommended capacity for PWC and sailboats is found in the owner’s manual and on manufacturer’s warning decal

• Vessels with no capacity plate

Number of people = Number of people = vessel length (ft.) X vessel width (ft.) vessel length (ft.) X vessel width (ft.) 1515

• On outboard powerboats capacity plate also displays recommended maximum horsepower rating

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Float PlanFloat Plan

For shorter daytime outings, at minimum you should:For shorter daytime outings, at minimum you should:

• Inform a responsible person of:

─ Where you are boating and when you are returning

─ Telephone number of local authorities to call if you are overdue

• Contact this person again when you return or if you decide to extend your trip

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Float Plan Float Plan (cont.)(cont.)

For extended outings, leave float For extended outings, leave float plan with someone. Float plan plan with someone. Float plan should:should:

• Describe vessel, its number, size, make, horesepower and engine type

• Lists where you are going, detailed route, and your expected return time

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Float Plan Float Plan (cont.)(cont.)

• Give number of passengers, their names, addresses, and a contact in case of emergency

• Include description and license plate of tow vehicle and trailer

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Fueling Your VesselFueling Your Vessel

• Never smoke or strike a match while fueling or when near fueling dock

• Try to fuel in daylight. If light is needed, use a flashlight or spark proof light

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Fueling Your Vessel Fueling Your Vessel (cont.)(cont.)

Before fueling your vessel:Before fueling your vessel:

• Check fuel lines for leaks; replace cracking hoses; tighten connections frequently

• Turn off engines and electrical equipment; shut off fuel valves; close all windows, doors and openings


Before filling a tank or gas can:Before filling a tank or gas can:

• Remove portable tanks from vessel

• Touch fuel pipe or tank with spout to prevent build up of static electricity

• Never fill tank to brim; leave room for gas to expand


After fueling:After fueling:

• Open all windows and hatches

• If vessel equipped with a power ventilation system, turn it on for at least four minutes, prior to starting your engine to help eliminate gas vapors in the bilge

• Put fill cap on tightly to prevent vapors from escaping


• Immediately wipe up any spilled gas

• Store gas onboard in safety-approved storage tank, away from engine, in an area of good ventilation

• Before starting engine, sniff bilge and engine compartment for fumes – consider gas vapor detection and alarm device

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Fueling A PWCFueling A PWC

• Check entire fuel system for leaks

• Check connections frequently

• Avoid spills when fueling in or near the water

• After fueling, sniff engine compartment for any evidence of gas fumes

• Do not tip a PWC to fill all the way up

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway PWC Fuel Selector SwitchPWC Fuel Selector Switch

• OffOff position used when PWC’s engine is turned off

• OnOn position used while you are underway

• ReserveReserve position used if you run out of fuel while underway

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Trailering Your VesselTrailering Your Vessel

Have the right trailer for your vessel:Have the right trailer for your vessel:

• Width and length of vessel determine width and length of trailer

• Weight of vessel, engine and gear should not exceed 90% of trailer’s recommended load capacity

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Trailering Your Vessel Trailering Your Vessel (cont.)(cont.)

• Check owner’s manual of towing vehicle to make sure it is rated to tow combined weight of vessel, motor and trailer

• Most trailers connect to ball hitch on towing vehicle. If using vehicle bumper mounted hitch, do not exceed weight rating of bumper


• Coupler size must match the size of the ball hitch -- never use a ball hitch that is too small:

─ Size rating will be stamped on the ball

─ On the trailer, size will be stamped on the coupler


• Tongue weight is the weight a loaded trailer places on the towing hitch and should be 7 - 10% of combined weight of the vessel and trailer

• Trailers should be equipped with two safety chains that are strong enough to control the trailer if the hitch or coupling breaks


Before leaving home you should:Before leaving home you should:

• Secure all gear firmly and arrange it so that weight is evenly distributed

• Secure vessel with several tie-down straps and/or safety lines. Never trust bow winch alone to hold vessel

• Inspect all lines, tie-downs and winch


• Tilt and secure vessel engine to increase road clearance

• Inspect hitch and safety chains. Criss-cross chains when attaching them to towing vehicle

• Grease bearings in hubs of axles


• Make sure trailer lights work properly – check brakes if trailer has them

• Make sure you have spare trailer tire – check pressure of all tires

• Tighten the lug bolts on the trailer wheels to the recommended torque


While on the road you should:While on the road you should:

• Steer wider on corners to clear curbs

• Allow more time and greater distances for stopping

• Remember length added by your trailer when passing other vehicles

• On long trips, pull over periodically to check rigging, tires and bearings


When launching your vessel from a trailer:When launching your vessel from a trailer:

• Prepare your vessel well away from the boat ramp

─Transfer all equipment and supplies to the vessel

─Disconnect trailer lights from the towing vehicle


─ Remove all tie-downs except winch line before backing down the ramp

─ Make sure drain plug is placed in the drain hole of vessel

─ Tie a line to the bow to maintain control of the vessel while launching


• Back the vessel into the water so that the lower unit of the engine can be lowered and submerged with the vessel still on the trailer

─Set parking brake on the towing vehicle

─Start vessel’s engine with lower unit submerged


• Once engine is started and warmed up, back trailer into water until vessel floats; undo winch line, put vessel engine in reverse and back slowly off trailer

• When launching (and retrieving) a sailboat, watch for overhead wires


Retrieving your vessel back onto trailer:Retrieving your vessel back onto trailer:

• Back trailer into water so that 2/3 of the rollers or bunks are submerged. Set parking brake of towing vehicle and put it in park or first gear

• Drive vessel onto trailer far enough so that winch line can be attached to bow eye of vessel.


• Finish pulling vessel onto trailer by cranking the winch

• Shut off engine and raise outboard or stern drive

• Tow vessel out of water and off the ramp well out of way of others


• While at the landing, remove and dispose of all weeds from vessel and trailer; remove drain plug to release bilge water, and drain any live wells to help prevent spread of aquatic nuisance plants and animals

• Secure items inside vessel

• Reattach tie-downs and plug in trailer lights – make sure trailer lights are working before departing


Practice courtesy on the boat ramp:Practice courtesy on the boat ramp:

• Prepare vessel for launching well away from the ramp

• Use at least two experienced people to launch and retrieve the vessel

• Never block ramp with an unattended vessel or vehicle


• When retrieving, do not pull your vessel into a launch lane until towing vehicle is at ramp

• After retrieving vessel from water, pull it well away from ramp before preparing it for drive home

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Lines and KnotsLines and Knots

Six basic knots are:

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Preventing TheftPreventing Theft

• Store vessel so it is not easily seen and trailer cannot be moved

• Chain and lock outboard motor and fuel tanks to vessel

• Mark or engrave all equipment with identifier

• Photograph or video tape interior and exterior of vessel showing all installed equipment and additional equipment

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Preventing Theft Preventing Theft (cont.)(cont.)

• Title and register vessel. Make complete inventory of equipment, vessel and trailer

• Remove expensive electronics or other valuables if vessel is left unattended

• Cover vessel and always remove keys and registration

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Vessel MaintenanceVessel Maintenance

• Examine interior and exterior of hull when it is out of the water

• Hang canoes upside down

• Store vessels in dry area out of the sun; if stored outside for long period of time, place trailer on blocks. Keep covered but leave opening to circulate air

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Vessel Maintenance Vessel Maintenance (cont.)(cont.)

• Clean lines and ropes; keep them out of the sun when not in use

• Clean sails with soft brush and examine for small tears or open seams

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Engine MaintenanceEngine Maintenance

• Keep engine well tuned

• Check oil and fluid levels before every outing

• Change oil according to the owner’s manual

• Make sure battery connections are tight, clean and free of corrosion

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Engine Maintenance Engine Maintenance (cont.)(cont.)

• If battery is weak when you start the engine, recharge it

• Keep exterior of engine clean

• Check engine for anything that requires tightening, repairing or replacing

• Never use automotive electrical parts; use marine parts only

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Boating AccessoriesBoating Accessories

• Carry spare parts and extra fuel and oil

• Carry emergency equipment and supplies

─Bailer

─Anchor

─Paddles

─Flashlight

– Tool kit

– Throw rope

– Visual distress signalsrequired on high seas and coastal waters

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Boating Accessories Boating Accessories (cont.)(cont.)

• Carry compass, maps and a radio or mobile phone

• Carry personal supplies and extra clothing

─ First aid kit

─ Sun block lotion

─ Sun glasses

─ T-shirt

─ Drinking water

– Cap

– Gloves

– Shoes

– Wet suit

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Review QuestionsReview Questions

What information is displayed on the capacity plate of an outboard vessel?

Give three things which should be included on your float plan before you embark on a cruise

What should you do before fueling your vessel?

What fraction is used in a rule of thumb to prevent running out of fuel?

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Review Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

If the weight of the vessel and its engine is more than 90% of the recommended load capacity of the trailer, should you get a larger trailer?

What is tongue weight?

Tongue weight of a trailer should be what percent of the vessel and trailer weight?

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Review Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

Where should you prepare your vessel before launching it from the trailer?

Name (and demonstrate) six nautical knots

Name three engine maintenance tips

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Summary Summary

Don’t exceed the maximum carrying capacity or horsepower stated on your vessel’s capacity plate

Turn on your vessel’s power ventilation system for at least four minutes after fueling, before starting the engine. Use the “sniff test” after fueling a PWC before starting the engine

Before trailering a vessel, make sure the coupler is securely attached and criss-cross the safety chains

Lesson Two: Before You Get UnderwayLesson Two: Before You Get Underway Summary Summary (cont.)(cont.)

When launching a vessel from a trailer, make sure the drain plug is in. After backing down the ramp, start the engine while the vessel is still on the trailer

Be considerate of other boaters when launching and retrieving your vessel from the trailer

LESSON THREE LESSON THREE

OPERATING YOUR OPERATING YOUR

BOAT SAFELYBOAT SAFELY

Lesson Three: Key TopicsLesson Three: Key Topics

• Casting off and docking

• Navigation rules

• Sound signals

• Types of navigation lights

• Encountering other vessels at night

• Navigational aids

• Anchoring

• River navigation, dams, locks and bridges

• Compasses and charts

• PWC operation

• Ignition safety switches

• Steering pull (“torque”)

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! ObjectivesObjectives


be able to cast off and dock under different wind and current conditions

know three major responsibilities of a vessel operator

know what to do when encountering another vessel

be able to use and interpret sound signals

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Objectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

know types of night navigation lights and how to interpret them

know what to do when encountering Lateral System buoys and markers

understand dangers inherent in boating near dams, locks and bridges and effects of tides and currents on vessels

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Objectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

be able to anchor vessel correctly

be able to operate PWC safely and courteously

be strongly aware that power is required for steering control of PWC

understand how ignition safety switches work

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Casting OffCasting Off

If the wind or current is holding the vessel to the dock:If the wind or current is holding the vessel to the dock:

• Cast off stern line. Move and secure bow line to mid-vessel position on dock

• Put vessel slowly into forward gear and steer bow into dock

• After stern swings away from dock, cast off bow line, and back away

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Casting Off Casting Off (cont.)(cont.)

If the wind or current is pushing the vessel away from If the wind or current is pushing the vessel away from the dock:the dock:

• Cast off all lines

• Push vessel away from dock (for your vessel to be able to turn, stern must be free to move)

• Shift to forward and slowly leave area

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Docking Docking

Docking basics:Docking basics:

• Approach into wind if possible and move slowly

• Bring vessel to stop by using reverse gear

• Never try to stop with your arms or legs

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Docking Docking (cont.)(cont.)

If there is no wind or current:If there is no wind or current:

• Approach dock at a narrow angle (10° to 20°)

• When close enough, secure bow line

• Swing stern in, secure it, then shut off engine


If wind or current is pushing you away from dock:If wind or current is pushing you away from dock:

• Point bow toward dock at 40° to 50° angle; approach dock and secure bow line

• Use reverse to swing in stern

• Secure stern line


If the wind or current is pushing you toward the dock:If the wind or current is pushing you toward the dock:

• Approach parallel to dock

• Allow wind and current to push you to dock

• Secure bow and stern lines


If you must approach downwind or down current:If you must approach downwind or down current:

• Move as slowly as possible while still retaining control

• Be ready to use reverse to stop and maintain your position

• Secure stern line first and then bow line

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Navigation Rules Navigation Rules

Three basic rules of navigation:Three basic rules of navigation:

• Practice good seamanshipPractice good seamanship - Every operator should take action in ample time to avoid collision

• Keep a sharp lookoutKeep a sharp lookout at all times for other vessels, navigational hazards and others in water

• Maintain a safe speedMaintain a safe speed that insures you will have ample time to avoid collision

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Navigation Rules Navigation Rules (cont.)(cont.)

There are two terms to help explain what to do when There are two terms to help explain what to do when encountering other vesselsencountering other vessels

• Give-way boatGive-way boat – vessel which is required to take early and substantial action to keep well away from other vessels by stopping, slowing down or changing course


• Stand-on boatStand-on boat - vessel which should maintain its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that give-way boat is not taking appropriate action


Navigation rules depend on:Navigation rules depend on:

• Type of situation: meeting head-on, crossing or overtaking

• Type of vessels involved: power (any vessel operating using engine power) and sail (sailboat operating using wind power)


When meeting another vessel head-on:When meeting another vessel head-on:

• Power vs. PowerPower vs. Power :: Neither vessel is stand-on boat -- both vessels should keep to starboard (right)

• Power vs. SailPower vs. Sail:: Powerboat is give-way boat


When meeting another vessel in a crossing situation:When meeting another vessel in a crossing situation:

• Power vs. PowerPower vs. Power:: Vessel on port (left) is give-way boat

• Power vs. SailPower vs. Sail:: Powerboat is give-way boat


When When overtakingovertaking another vessel: another vessel:

• Power vs. PowerPower vs. Power: Vessel which is overtaking another vessel is give-way boat

• Power vs. SailPower vs. Sail:: Vessel which is overtaking another vessel is give-way boat


When a sailboat encounters another sailboat:When a sailboat encounters another sailboat:

• Wind on different sides:Wind on different sides: Boat with wind on starboard (right) side is

stand-on boat

• Wind on same side:Wind on same side: Leeward boat is stand-on boat

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Navigation Rules- Exceptions Navigation Rules- Exceptions

If operating a power boat, you must give-way to:If operating a power boat, you must give-way to:

• Vessel not under command, such as anchored or disabled vessel

• Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver or a vessel constrained by its draft such as large ship in channel

• Vessel engaged in commercial fishing

• Sailboat under sail unless it is overtaking

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Navigation Rules- Exceptions Navigation Rules- Exceptions (cont.)(cont.)

If operating a sailboat under sail, you must give-way to:If operating a sailboat under sail, you must give-way to:

• Vessel not under command

• Vessel restricted in ability to maneuver

• Vessel engaged in commercial fishing


Operating in Narrow Channels:Operating in Narrow Channels:

• A vessel in a narrow channel must keep as far to right of channel as is safe and practical

• If operating a power-driven vessel heading upstream on Mississippi River system, all vessels coming toward you from opposite direction have right-of-way and you must give-way


• You may not get in the way of vessels that can only navigate within a channel (such as a tugboat or large ship) if you are operating a vessel:

─ Less than 20 meters (65.6 ft.)

─ Under sail or engaged in fishing

─ Crossing channel

• You must not anchor in a narrow channel unless circumstances require doing so


• You must use appropriate sound signals and use caution while operating in a narrow channel when:

─ Overtaking or being overtaken

─ When your view is obstructed such as when you approach a bend in the channel

• If you are leaving a dock, slip or tie-up mooring, you must give-way to all approaching vessels

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Sound SignalsSound Signals

Sound signals are composed of short and long blasts:Sound signals are composed of short and long blasts:

• Short blast is about one second in duration

• Prolonged blast is 4-6 seconds in duration

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Sound Signals Sound Signals (cont.)(cont.)

Vessel operators use sound signals to communicate Vessel operators use sound signals to communicate change in direction to other boaters:change in direction to other boaters:

• One short blast (TOOT) tells other boaters “I intend to turn to my right”

• Two short blasts (TOOT TOOT) tells other boaters “I intend to turn to my left”

• Three short blasts tells other boaters “I am backing up”


Sound signals let other boaters know where you are Sound signals let other boaters know where you are during periods of restricted visibility:during periods of restricted visibility:

• One prolonged blast at intervals of no more than two minutes is the signal used by powerboats when

underway

• One prolonged plus two short blasts at intervals of no more than two minutes is the signal used by sailboats under sail alone


Sound signals are used to warn other boaters or alert Sound signals are used to warn other boaters or alert them to danger:them to danger:

• One prolonged blast is a warning signal

• Five (or more) short, rapid blasts are used to signal danger or to signal that you do not understand or disagree with the other boater’s intentions

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Navigation Lights Navigation Lights

Navigation light help you and other boaters determine Navigation light help you and other boaters determine which is the give-way boat when encountering each which is the give-way boat when encountering each other at nightother at night

These lights must be displayed from sunset to sunrise These lights must be displayed from sunset to sunrise and during periods of restricted visibilityand during periods of restricted visibility

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Navigation Lights Navigation Lights (cont.)(cont.)

SidelightsSidelights – red and green lights (also called combination lights) visible from side or head-on

• redred light indicates vessel’s port (left) side


• greengreen light indicates vessel’s starboard (right) side


• SternlightSternlight – White light seen only from behind vessel


• Masthead LightMasthead Light – white light, which shines forward and to both sides, located on mast of sailboat and required on all powerboats

─ Must be used by all vessels when under engine power

─ Absence of this light identifies sailboat under sail


• All-Round White LightAll-Round White Light – white light seen from any direction

─ May be used to combine masthead and stern light on vessels less than 39.4 ft in length

─ Serves as anchor light when sidelights are extinguished

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Night Navigation Night Navigation

• Lights of other vessels help you determine:

─ If operating under power or sail

─Their direction of travel

• Apply same navigational rules used in daytime

• Never assume lights of other vessels are working properly

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Night Navigation Night Navigation (cont.)(cont.)

• When you see red and white lights you must give-way to other vessel

• When you see white and green lights you are the stand-on boat; but, stay alert


• When you see only a white light, you are overtaking another vessel or it is anchored and it is the stand-on boat


• When you see red, green and white lights, you are approaching another powerboat head-on and so both boats must give-way

• When you see only red and green lights, you are approaching sailboat under sail head-on and you must give-way


• When you see only a green or only a red light, you are approaching a sailboat under sail and you must give-way

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! U. S. Aids To Navigation System (ATON) U. S. Aids To Navigation System (ATON)

U. S. Aids to Navigation System uses nuns, cans, and U. S. Aids to Navigation System uses nuns, cans, and daymarks as lateral navigation markers:daymarks as lateral navigation markers:

• Nuns and CansNuns and Cans – red triangular-shaped (nuns) or green cylindrical-shaped (cans)

• Lighted BuoysLighted Buoys – marked with Lateral System

• DaymarksDaymarks – red triangles or green squares attached permanently to structures; can be lighted

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!U. S. Aids To Navigation System U. S. Aids To Navigation System (cont.)(cont.)

Lateral MarkersLateral MarkersColors and numbers mean the same thing regardless of kind of buoy or marker:

• Red colors, red lightsRed colors, red lights, and even numbers indicate right side of channel as boater enters from open sea or heads upstream

• Green colors, green lightsGreen colors, green lights and odd numbers indicate left side of channel as boater enters from open sea or heads upstream

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! U. S. Aids To Navigation System U. S. Aids To Navigation System (cont.)(cont.)

• Red and green horizontal stripes and/or lights indicates preferred (primary channel)

─ If green on top, preferred channel is to right

─ If red on top, preferred channel is to left


Use this phrase as a reminder of the correct course when returning from open waters or heading upstream:

““Red Right Returning”Red Right Returning”


Lateral Markers -- Intracoastal Waterway (ICW)Lateral Markers -- Intracoastal Waterway (ICW)

• Variation on U. S. Aids to Navigation System

• Chain of local channels linked together along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts

• ICW channels are marked with yellow symbols on channel buoys and markers


• Following the ICW from New Jersey to Brownsville, TX

─ Any marker with a yellow triangle should be passed by keeping it on the starboard (right) side of the vessel

─ Any marker with a yellow square should be passed by keeping it on the port (left)


Lateral Markers -- Western Rivers SystemLateral Markers -- Western Rivers System

• Variation on U. S. Aids to Navigation System

• Used on the Mississippi River and tributaries above Baton Rouge, LA, and on some other rivers that flow toward the Gulf of Mexico


• Differs from ATON lateral markers in that navigation markers on Western Rivers System are not numbered

─ Numbers displayed below daymarks along Western Rivers System are not associated with right or left side of channel

─ These numbers indicate distance from some location, usually the river mouth Indicates 73.5

miles from the river mouth


Non-Lateral MarkersNon-Lateral MarkersMost common are regulatory markers which use orange markings and black lettering, found on lakes and rivers:

• SquaresSquares provide information indicating directions, distances, places, food and supplies, repairs, etc.

• DiamondsDiamonds warn of dangers such as rocks, dams, shoals, construction or stumps


• CirclesCircles indicate controlled areas such as speed limit, no fishing or anchoring, etc.

• Crossed diamondsCrossed diamonds indicate areas off-limits (exclusion area) to all vessels, such as swimming areas, dams, and spillways


Other Non-Lateral MarkersOther Non-Lateral Markers

• White with red vertical stripes (Safe Water White with red vertical stripes (Safe Water Marker)Marker) indicate unobstructed water on all sides; they mark mid-channels or fairways and may be passed on either side

• White with black vertical stripes (Inland White with black vertical stripes (Inland Waters Obstruction Marker)Waters Obstruction Marker) indicate an obstruction to navigation; you should not pass between these buoys and the shore


• White with blue horizontal stripe (Mooring Buoy)White with blue horizontal stripe (Mooring Buoy) found in marinas and other areas vessels are allowed to anchor; these are the only buoys you may legally tie up to

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Anchoring Anchoring

Most commonly used anchors are:Most commonly used anchors are:

• Plow style anchorPlow style anchor good for most vessels; holds by digging itself into bottom sediments

• Fluke style anchorFluke style anchor (Danforth®) similar to plow style, but more lightweight

• Mushroom anchorMushroom anchor shouldn’t be used to anchor vessel larger than small canoe, rowboat, sailboat or inflatable since it has little holding power; never use to hold vessel in rough water or weather

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Anchoring Anchoring (cont.)(cont.)

Follow these guidelines when anchoring your vessel:Follow these guidelines when anchoring your vessel:

• Attach 7-8 feet of galvanized chain to anchor to help prevent abrasion of anchor line from sand or rock on bottom

• Select area of little or no current, protected from weather


• Lower anchor over the bow to bottom, then slowly back away downwind or down current

• Never anchor from stern as this can make vessel unstable


• Let out 7-10 times as much line as depth of the water

• Tie off line around a bow cleat, and pull on anchor to make sure it is secure

AnchorAnchor ChainChain LineLine


Guidelines for retrieving anchor:Guidelines for retrieving anchor:

• Always retrieve anchor into vessel before leaving area

• Move vessel over anchor; pulling straight up on line should break it free

• When anchor breaks free, stop vessel and retrieve it

• Never drag the anchor behind vessel

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! River NavigationRiver Navigation

Vessel operators may encounter physical structures Vessel operators may encounter physical structures while underway, such as dams, bridges and lockswhile underway, such as dams, bridges and locks

• Low head and conventional dams should be avoided

─They create dangerous currents that can trap vessels against face of dam and even pull you and your PFD under water

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! River Navigation River Navigation (cont.)(cont.)

• Dams in rivers create different water levels

• Locks safely transport vessels from one water level to another


• At locks, obey all warnings signs and signals

─ Flashing redFlashing red -- stay well clear of lock; do not enter

─ Flashing amberFlashing amber -- approach lock at safe speed

─ Flashing greenFlashing green -- enter the lock at safe speed


• Watch for bridges that provide only low clearance

─ Reduce speed

─ Proceed with caution near any bridge or man-made structure which reduces visibility and passage

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Tides Tides

• Vessel operators in coastal waters need to be mindful of effect of tides

• Flow of tides can cause water levels to fluctuate by several feet and also can cause strong currents

• Tides can cause vessels to run aground in areas where earlier navigation may have been safe

• Change in tides also can affect docking to a fixed pier

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Compasses and ChartsCompasses and Charts

Compass shows magnetic north to which you apply a correction to determine the direction of true north

• Useful if land is out of sight or visibility is reduced

• Compass should be mounted away from iron, magnets or electrical wiring and equipment

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Compasses and Charts Compasses and Charts (cont.)(cont.)

Nautical charts are helpful when boating in bays or in large lakes; charts give:

• Water depths

• Locations of channels, sand bars, rocks and vegetation

• Most direct courses possible



Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Personal Watercraft (PWC) Personal Watercraft (PWC)

Steering and stopping a PWC:Steering and stopping a PWC:

• PWC are steered by water being forced through steering nozzle at back of unit

• Remember you must always have power in order to maintain steering control

• Always allow plenty of room for stopping

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Personal Watercraft Personal Watercraft (cont.)(cont.)

Courtesy on the water:Courtesy on the water:

Do not jump the wake of Do not jump the wake of passing vessels, or ride too passing vessels, or ride too close to another vessel:close to another vessel:

• Visibility around vessel making the wake may be blocked


• Can cause a stressful environment for vessel operators

• Wake jumping and riding too close to other vessels are common complaints boaters have against PWC operators

Do not attempt to spray others with the wake of your PWC – not only is it discourteous but is also dangerous and reckless operation!


Excessive noise from PWC often makes them Excessive noise from PWC often makes them unwelcome with other vessel operators as well as unwelcome with other vessel operators as well as people onshorepeople onshore

• Vary your operating area and avoid congregating with other PWC operators near shore

• Avoid making excessive noise especially near residential and camping areas


• Avoid maneuvers that cause engine exhaust to lift out of the water

• Do not modify engine exhaust system

Share waterways Share waterways responsibly with other responsibly with other boaters, fishermen, boaters, fishermen, swimmers, surfers or skiersswimmers, surfers or skiers


Environmental considerations:Environmental considerations:

• Do not operate in shallow water

• Avoid creating a wake when near shore or in narrow streams or rivers


• Do not dock or beach PWC in reeds and grasses

• Take care not to spill oil or gasoline when fueling on or near water

• Never chase or disturb wildlife with your PWC


Other considerations:Other considerations:

• Most states require everyone onboard a PWC wear a personal flotation device (life jacket)

• Frequently inspect your PWC’s electrical systems and perform “sniff test” after fueling


• Keep hands, feet and hair away from pump intake

• Never exceed the load capacity of your PWC

• Know your limits and ride accordingly


Reboarding a capsized PWC:Reboarding a capsized PWC:

PWC are designed to allow you to fall off and reboard from the rear

• Manufacturers have placed a decal at rear or bottom of craft that indicates direction to roll PWC to an upright position


• Practice reboarding with someone else around to see if it is something you could handle alone

• Avoid riding PWC when you are very tired

• Avoid riding where there are strong currents or winds

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Ignition Safety Switches Ignition Safety Switches

• Emergency ignition safety switch has lanyard which attaches operator to switch

• If lanyard is removed from switch, the engine will shut off

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Ignition Safety Switches Ignition Safety Switches (cont.)(cont.)

• PWC either have an ignition safety switch or have a self-circling feature if the operator falls off:

─ Most PWC have emergency ignition safety switch; it is illegal to ride the PWC without attaching the lanyard properly between the switch and operator

─ Some PWC run at idle speed and slowly circle operator if he or she falls off

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Steering Pull (Torque)Steering Pull (Torque)

• When you trim your outboard engine either “in” or “out” you may feel a pull on the steering wheel

• This pull (torque) can cause vessel to go into a rapid, sharp turn if steering wheel is released

• Always keep a firm grip on the steering wheel

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Steering Pull (Torque) Steering Pull (Torque) (cont.)(cont.)

To trim outboard motor:To trim outboard motor:

• Trimming in (down)Trimming in (down) lowers bow and causes vessel to plane more quickly; may increase steering pull to right

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Steering Pull (Torque) Steering Pull (Torque) (cont.)(cont.)

• Neutral trimmingNeutral trimming will level bow and normally results in greater efficiency

• Trimming out (up)Trimming out (up) lifts bow and increases top speed; may increase pull to the left and cause bouncing

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Review QuestionsReview Questions

If casting off when the wind is holding the vessel to the dock, what should you cast off first?

In encountering situations, what do you call the vessel required to take early and substantial action to avoid a collision by stopping, slowing down or changing course?

If you see red and white lights ahead at night, should you maintain your course and speed?

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Review Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

If while boating at night, you see only a green light, what are you encountering and what should you do?

If you are overtaking another vessel, are you the stand-on boat?

When meeting another vessel head-on, you should keep to which side?

What must the stand-on boat do?


What are the “traffic signals” or sign posts which guide vessel operators?

What phrase reminds us of the correct course when entering from the open sea?

What does a solid green buoy indicate?

What does a white buoy with an orange open diamond indicate?


What does a white buoy with an orange crossed diamond indicate?

How long should an anchor line be?

Why should you never anchor from the stern?

What rules and regulations must PWC operators follow?


When will a PWC operator lose steering control?

What can PWC operators do as a courtesy to those on shore?

What are the most common complaints boaters have against PWC operators?

What safety device shuts off the engine if the operator is thrown from the vessel?

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! SummarySummary

When docking a vessel, if possible approach the dock into the wind

Even though there are navigation rules for encountering other vessels, it is still the responsibility of both vessel operators to take action to avoid collision

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! SummarySummary

Always give-way if you see a red and white light or a single red, green or white light while boating at night

The “Red, Right, Returning” rule applies to buoys, lights and daymarks

Regulatory markers indicate “Controlled”, “Prohibited” or “Danger” areas and give information

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Summary Summary (cont.)(cont.)

Anchor from the bow and make sure the length of the anchor line is 7-10 times the depth of the water

Avoid low head dams – they can trap your vessel against the face of the dam

On PWC, if you turn off the engine or allow the engine to idle, you will lose all steering control

Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely!Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely! Summary Summary (cont.)(cont.)

Jumping the wake of other vessels and excessive noise are the two most frequent complaints against PWC

Always attach the lanyard of the ignition safety switch to your wrist or PFD

LESSON FOURLESSON FOUR

LEGAL REQUIREMENTSLEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Lesson Four: Key TopicsLesson Four: Key Topics

• Numbering and documentation

• Age/education requirements for motorboat and PWC operation

• Dangerous and unlawful operation

• Alcohol and drug laws

• Obstructing navigation

• Personal flotation devices

• Fire extinguishers

• Flame arrestors, ventilation and mufflers

Lesson Four: Key TopicsLesson Four: Key Topics

• Navigation lights

• Diver Down flags

• Sound producing devices & visual distress signals

• PWC laws

• Laws relating to towing person(s)

• Waste, oil and trash disposal

• Reporting accidents

• Penalties and enforcement

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsObjectivesObjectives


know which vessels need to be registered and how to do so

be able to correctly place Certificate of Vessel Number and registration decals on vessel

know where to find HIN number

know the age and education restrictions for vessel operation

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsObjectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

be able to list reckless behaviors that should be avoided when operating a vessel

be able to explain dangers of consuming alcohol or drugs while boating and penalties for doing so

be able to identify classifications and uses of personal flotation devices and state legal requirements


know legal requirements for fire extinguishers, flame arrestors, ventilation systems and mufflers

know legal navigation light requirements

know legal requirements for visual distress signals and sound producing devices

know requirements for other equipment such as diver down flags


understand legal requirements specific to PWC

know legal requirements for towing a skier with a vessel

understand how to properly dispose of waste, oil and trash and properly use MSDs

know when and how to report boating accident

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Registration and DecalsRegistration and Decals

You must have an Alabama Certificate of Number and You must have an Alabama Certificate of Number and validation decals to legally operate your vessel on validation decals to legally operate your vessel on public waters in Alabamapublic waters in Alabama

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Registration and Decals Registration and Decals (cont.)(cont.)

Exceptions are:Exceptions are:

• Non-motorized vessels (excluding sailboats or rental vessels)

• Vessels registered in other states using Alabama waters for 90 days or less

• Vessels operating under a valid temporary Certificate of Number


Certificate of Number and validation decals obtained by submitting application and fee

Certificate of Number must be onboard and available for inspection by an enforcement officer whenever vessel is operated


Display number and decals as Display number and decals as follows:follows:

• Number must be painted, decaled or otherwise affixed to both sides of bow

• Number must read from left to right on both sides of bow

• Number must be at least 3 inches high in BLOCK letters


• Number’s color must contrast with its background

• Letters must be separated from the numbers by spaces or hyphens

• No other numbers may be displayed on either side of bow

• Decals must be affixed on each side of vessel, within 6 inches before or after, and in line with registration number


If vessel requires registration, it is illegal to operate or allow others to operate vessel unless registered and numbered, or unless a valid temporary registration is onboard


• Registrations issued on a staggered basis – first letter of owner’s last name determines renewal month

• If you have change of address, must notify Alabama Marine Police Division (AMPD) within 15 days of change

• If numbered vessel is destroyed, stolen, abandoned or lost, owner should report it to AMPD within 15 days


• If you lose or destroy Certificate of Number, must apply to issuing office for duplicate and submit processing fee

• Larger recreational vessels owned by U. S. citizens may be documented by the USCG. Must also be registered in Alabama.

• Alabama law does not require registration of boat trailers or titling of vessels

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsHull Identification NumberHull Identification Number

Hull Identification Number (HIN) is a unique, 12-digit Hull Identification Number (HIN) is a unique, 12-digit number, assigned by manufacturer, to vessels built number, assigned by manufacturer, to vessels built after November 1, 1972after November 1, 1972

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsHull Identification Number Hull Identification Number (cont.)(cont.)

Hull Identification Numbers:Hull Identification Numbers:

• Distinguish one vessel from another

• Are engraved in the fiberglass or on a metal plate attached to the transom

• Should be recorded and put in a safe place other than the vessel

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsHull Identification Number Hull Identification Number (cont.)(cont.)

HIN required before vessel built or manufactured after 1972 may be registered in Alabama. You may apply to AMPB for HIN for home-made vessel

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Who May Operate A VesselWho May Operate A Vessel

Robertson/Archer Act of 1994 requires every person Robertson/Archer Act of 1994 requires every person who operates a motorized vessel (including PWC) on who operates a motorized vessel (including PWC) on Alabama waters must first obtain a boater safety Alabama waters must first obtain a boater safety certification. Does not apply to operators of sailboats, certification. Does not apply to operators of sailboats, rowboats or canoesrowboats or canoes

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Who May Operate A VesselWho May Operate A Vessel (cont.) (cont.)

Age to Legally Operate on Alabama WatersAge to Legally Operate on Alabama Waters

• No one under 12 years of age may legally operate any motorized vessel (including PWC) under any circumstances

• Persons under 12 not eligible for Alabama Boater Safety Certification


Boater Safety Certification Requirements for Alabama Boater Safety Certification Requirements for Alabama ResidentsResidents

• If you are under 12 years of age as of January 1, 2002If you are under 12 years of age as of January 1, 2002: may obtain boater safety certification after you turn 12 but may operate a vessel only if person 21 or more with a valid certification is onboard and in position to take

immediate physical control of the vessel

• After you turn 14 you may legally operate vessel without supervision


• If you were 12 or older as of January 1, 2002If you were 12 or older as of January 1, 2002: you may obtain certification and legally operate a vessel without supervision

• If you obtained certification by January 1, 2002If you obtained certification by January 1, 2002: you may legally operate a vessel without supervision regardless of age


Boater Safety Certification Requirements for Boater Safety Certification Requirements for Non-ResidentsNon-Residents

If you are 12 or older, but less than 14, If you are 12 or older, but less than 14, andand::

• If you did not obtain certification by January 1, 2002If you did not obtain certification by January 1, 2002: you may operate vessel on Alabama waters only if person 21 or older with valid Alabama certification is onboard and in position to take immediate physical control of vessel


• If supervising person is also a non-resident, he or she not required to have Alabama Boater Safety Certification

• After you turn 14, may legally operate vessel without supervision if you have valid certification (either Alabama non-resident certification of certification from home state) or are operating less than 45 days per calendar year


• If you obtained certification by January 1, 2002If you obtained certification by January 1, 2002: you may legally operate a vessel on Alabama waters without supervision with you valid certification (either Alabama non-resident or home state certification)


If you are 14 or older:If you are 14 or older:

• You may legally operate motorized vessel on Alabama waters for up to 45 days per calendar year without supervision. After 45 days, must obtain either Alabama non-resident or home state certification


Other FactsOther Facts

If 12 or older, you may obtain certification by fulfilling If 12 or older, you may obtain certification by fulfilling any one of these conditions:any one of these conditions:

• Show valid certificate obtained by passing course:

─ Offered by U. S. Power Squadrons or U. S. Coast Guard Auxiliary or…

─ Approved by the AMPD


• Pass certification examination administered by Alabama Department of Public Safety Driver’s License Division

• Show valid U. S. Coast Guard Motorboat Operator’s License

• Show proof that you were 40 or older as of April 28, 1994


If required to have certification, you must carry it onboard when operating a motorized vessel and make it available upon request by law enforcement officer

Certification may be suspended or revoked if you operate a vessel while under the influence of alcohol or drugs or in a reckless or careless manner, or on points


Temporary exemptions exist for certification:

• New owner of a vessel may operate without certification for 30 days from date of sale providing vessel is registered in his or her name and notarized bill of sale is onboard naming him or her as purchaser


• Person may operate rented vessel without certification if:

─ He or she has been instructed in safe and proper operation of vessel by rental business and…

─ He or she is not currently under suspension or revocation of any boater certification or vessel operation privilege

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Unlawful and Dangerous OperationUnlawful and Dangerous Operation

Alabama law designates certain dangerous operating Alabama law designates certain dangerous operating practices as illegal. Some examples of illegal and practices as illegal. Some examples of illegal and dangerous operation are:dangerous operation are:

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Unlawful and Dangerous Operation Unlawful and Dangerous Operation (cont.)(cont.)

Reckless OperationReckless Operation of a vessel, or reckless manipulation of water skis or similar device, is the failure to exercise care necessary to protect life, safety or property of others. Examples are:


• Operating in violation of navigation rules

• Jumping wake of another vessel unnecessarily close to that vessel, or encircling or buzzing another vessel or person in the water


• Operating within 100 feet of diver down flag

• Weaving through congested waterway traffic or swerving at last possible moment in order to avoid collision


Careless OperationCareless Operation of a vessel is operating in a negligent, careless or inattentive manner endangering the life, safety or property of others. Examples are:

• Operating vessel not equipped with required safety equipment

• Failure to maintain proper lookout for other vessels or persons in the water


Failure to Regulate SpeedFailure to Regulate Speed is operating at speeds greater than that which allows operator to bring vessel to a stop within a clear distance ahead, or at speeds which cause danger or inconvenience to others given existing weather and traffic conditions. Vessel operator must not:


• Operate at speed which causes hazardous wake or wash when approaching another vessel or when entering or leaving marina or harbor area

• Operate above plane speed when persons or gear onboard obstruct operator’s view or safe operation is impaired

• Exceed any posted speed limitations such as idle speed or slow – no wake speed areas or any other speed zones


Overloading or OverpoweringOverloading or Overpowering is loading vessel with passengers or gear beyond recommended capacity (taking into consideration weather and other operating conditions) or powering vessel beyond recommended horsepower. It is illegal to operate or allow others to operate a vessel without a permanent capacity plate


Riding on Bow, Deck or Riding on Bow, Deck or GunwaleGunwale is allowing motorboat passengers to ride on bow, gunwale, transom, seat backs, seats on raised decks, or any other place where there is a chance of falling overboard

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsAlcohol and DrugsAlcohol and Drugs

Alabama law prohibits anyone from boating under Alabama law prohibits anyone from boating under under the influence (BUI). This means operating any under the influence (BUI). This means operating any boat, sailboat, personal watercraft, water skis, boat, sailboat, personal watercraft, water skis, sailboard or similar device while intoxicated due to sailboard or similar device while intoxicated due to alcohol or any combination of alcohol, alcohol or any combination of alcohol, controlled substance or controlled substance or drugsdrugs

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsAlcohol and Drugs Alcohol and Drugs (cont.)(cont.)

Alcohol and drugs cause impaired balance and Alcohol and drugs cause impaired balance and judgment, blurred vision, poor coordination, and slow judgment, blurred vision, poor coordination, and slow reaction time. reaction time. Alcohol contributes to about one-third of Alcohol contributes to about one-third of all boating accidents nationwideall boating accidents nationwide


Alabama law specifically states Alabama law specifically states it is illegal to be in physical it is illegal to be in physical control of any vessel, water skis control of any vessel, water skis or similar device if operator:or similar device if operator:

• Has concentration of alcohol in his or her blood of 0.08% or

more


• Is under influence of:

─ Alcohol, any controlled substance or drugs

─ Any combination of alcohol, controlled substances or drugs

─ Any substance which impairs operator’s mental or physical faculties


• Second offense:Second offense: Fine up to $5,100 and/or sentence of up to one year in jail with mandatory sentence of not less than 5 days or community service for not less than 30 days, and suspension of operator’s certification for one year

• Third offense:Third offense: Fine up to $10,100 and/or sentence of up to one year in jail with mandatory sentence of not less than 60 days, and suspension of operator’s certification

for three years


• Person who operates a vessel on Alabama waters is believed to be operating under the influence must submit to field breath test or any other approved testing for blood alcohol concentration.

• Refusal will result in same punishment as provided in Alabama law for operators of motor vehicles on state highways


Alabama law establishes the following penalties for Alabama law establishes the following penalties for those arrested and convicted of boating under the those arrested and convicted of boating under the influence:influence:

• First offense:First offense: Fine up to $2,100 and/or sentence of one year in jail, and suspension of his or her operator’s

certification for 90 days

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsObstructing NavigationObstructing Navigation

Be considerate of other vessel operators even when Be considerate of other vessel operators even when stopping to anchor or moor. Keep in mind that it is stopping to anchor or moor. Keep in mind that it is illegal to:illegal to:

• Anchor a vessel in traveled portion of a river or channel preventing or interfering with any other vessel passing through same area

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsObstructing Navigation Obstructing Navigation (cont.)(cont.)

• Moor or attach a vessel to a buoy (other than a mooring buoy), beacon, light, or any other navigational aid placed on public waters by proper authorities

• Move, displace, tamper with, damage, or destroy any navigational aid

• Obstruct a pier, wharf, boat ramp or access to any facility

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsPersonal Flotation Devices (PFDs)Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs)

All vessels must be equipped with USCG-approved life All vessels must be equipped with USCG-approved life jackets called personal flotation devices (PFDs)jackets called personal flotation devices (PFDs)

• Quantity and type depends on:

─ Length of vessel

─ Number of people onboard and/or being towed

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsPersonal Flotation Devices Personal Flotation Devices (cont.)(cont.)

• Each PFD must be:

─ In good condition

─ Proper size for the intended wearer (based upon body weight and chest size)

─ Readily available

• Vessel operators should ask everyone to wear PFD


Type I: Offshore Life JacketsType I: Offshore Life Jackets

• For rough or remote waters where rescue may take awhile

• Excellent for flotation -- will turn most unconscious persons face up in water


Type II: Near-Shore VestsType II: Near-Shore Vests

• Good for calm waters and fast rescues

• May lack capacity to turn unconscious wearers face up


Type III: Flotation AidsType III: Flotation Aids

• Good for calm waters and fast rescues

• Will not turn a person face up

• Some designed to inflate when you enter water


Type IV: Throwable DevicesType IV: Throwable Devices

• Cushions or ring buoys designed to be thrown to someone in trouble

• Not for long hours in rough waters, non-swimmers or the unconscious


Type V: Special-Use DevicesType V: Special-Use Devices

• Designed for specific activities such as kayaking or water skiing

• Some designed to inflate when you enter water

• To be acceptable, Type V PFDs must be used in accordance with their label

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements PFD RequirementsPFD Requirements

• All vessels must carry one Type I, II, III or V USCG-approved PFD for each person onboard or being towed. If Type V is used, must be approved for activity at hand

• Vessels 16 ft. or longer must also have one Type IV USCG-approved PFD onboard

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements PFD Requirements PFD Requirements (cont.)(cont.)

• All PFDs must be in good and serviceable condition, readily accessible, and of proper size for intended wearer

• Children under 8 must wear a properly secured USCG-approved PFD at all times while onboard any vessel, except when in an enclosed cabin

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements PFD Requirements PFD Requirements (cont.)(cont.)

• Each person onboard PWC must wear a properly secured USCG-approved PFD

• Each person being towed behind a vessel must wear a properly secured USCG-approved PFD

• Each person onboard a vessel within 800 ft. below hydro-electric dam and/or navigational lock and dam must wear Type I, II, III or V USCG-approved PFD

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsFire ExtinguishersFire Extinguishers

• Extinguishers are classified by a letter and number symbol

• Number indicates the relative size of the extinguisher

• Letter indicates type of fire it will extinguish:

─ Type A:Type A: fires of combustible solids like wood

─ Type B:Type B: fires of flammable liquids like gasoline or oil

─ Type C:Type C: electrical fires

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsFire Extinguishers Fire Extinguishers (cont.)(cont.)

All vessels required to have Type B fire extinguisher(s) All vessels required to have Type B fire extinguisher(s) onboard if one or more of these conditions exist:onboard if one or more of these conditions exist:

• Inboard or inboard/outboard engines

• Closed compartments under seats where portable fuel tanks may be stored


• Permanently installed fuel tanks

• Closed or semi-closed living spaces

• Devices onboard that consume petroleum products


Approved fire extinguishers identified by “Marine Type USCG-approved” on the label, followed by size and type symbols and approval number

Length of VesselLength of Vessel Without Fixed SystemWithout Fixed System With Fixed SystemWith Fixed System**Less than 26 ft. one B-I None26 ft. to less than 40 ft. two B-I or two B-II 1 B-I40 ft. to less than 65 ft. three B-I or one B-II and one B-I two B-I or one B-II

*refers to a permanently installed fire extinguisher system

Use this chart to determine the type and quantity required for your vessel:


Extinguishers should be placed in accessible area – not near the engine or in a compartment. Be sure you know how to operate them

Check all extinguishers annually to make sure fully charged. Extinguishers should be serviced at least every two years

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsBackfire Flame ArrestorsBackfire Flame Arrestors

All powerboats (except outboards) fueled with gasoline All powerboats (except outboards) fueled with gasoline must have an approved backfire flame arrestor on each must have an approved backfire flame arrestor on each carburetorcarburetor

Backfire flame arrestors Backfire flame arrestors are designed to prevent are designed to prevent ignition of gasoline ignition of gasoline vapors in case of vapors in case of engine backfireengine backfire

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Backfire Flame Arrestors Backfire Flame Arrestors (cont.)(cont.)

Backfire flame arrestors must be:Backfire flame arrestors must be:

• In good and serviceable conditions

• USGC-approved, or must comply with SAE J-1928 or UL 1111 standards

Periodically clean flame arrestor and check for damage

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsVentilation SystemsVentilation Systems

Purpose of ventilation systems is to avoid explosions Purpose of ventilation systems is to avoid explosions by removing flammable gases that can accumulate in by removing flammable gases that can accumulate in bottom of vessel. Properly installed ventilation bottom of vessel. Properly installed ventilation systems greatly reduce chance of a life-threatening systems greatly reduce chance of a life-threatening explosionexplosion

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Ventilation Systems Ventilation Systems (cont.)(cont.)

• All gas-powered vessels, constructed in a way that would entrap fumes, must have an efficient ventilation system with ducts fitted with cowls to remove fumes

• If vessel is equipped with power ventilation system, turn it on for at least 4 minutes after fueling, prior to starting engine

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Ventilation Systems Ventilation Systems (cont.)(cont.)

• If vessel not equipped with power ventilation system, open engine compartment and sniff for gasoline fumes before starting engine

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsMufflers and Noise Level LimitsMufflers and Noise Level Limits

Excessive noise can prevent vessel operator from Excessive noise can prevent vessel operator from hearing signals and voices hearing signals and voices

• A vessel’s engine must have muffler or exhaust water manifold for noise reduction or another effective muffling system

• The use of cut-outs or exhaust stacks is prohibited

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsMufflers and Noise Level Limits Mufflers and Noise Level Limits (cont.)(cont.)

• It is illegal to operate powerboat or PWC, or allow others to operate, in such a manner that noise level exceeds 86 decibels measured at 50 feet from the vessel. Must submit to noise level test if requested by law enforcement officer

• It is illegal for recreational boaters to use or have onboard a siren of any type while operating on Alabama’s waters

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsNavigation LightsNavigation Lights

Vessel operators must make sure vessels are equipped Vessel operators must make sure vessels are equipped with proper navigation lights and use them during the with proper navigation lights and use them during the following conditions:following conditions:

• When away from dock between sunset and sunrise

• During periods of restricted visibility such as fog or heavy rain

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements Navigation Lights Navigation Lights (cont.)(cont.)

No other lights that may be mistaken for required navigation lights may be exhibited. Blue flashing lights restricted to use by law enforcement vessels only

The required navigation lights differ depending on type and size of vessel


Power-driven vessels less than 20 Power-driven vessels less than 20 meters (65.6 ft.) long when meters (65.6 ft.) long when underwayunderway (including sailboats operating under power) must exhibit:

• Red and green sidelights visible from a distance of at least two

miles (or if less than 12 meters (39.4 ft.) long, at least one mile) on

a dark clear night

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsNavigation Lights Navigation Lights (cont.)(cont.)

• An all-round white light or both a masthead light and a sternlight visible from a distance of at least two miles on a dark clear night

• The all-round white light (or masthead light) must be at least 1 meter (3.3 ft.) higher than the sidelights

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsNavigation Lights Navigation Lights (cont.)(cont.)

Unpowered VesselsUnpowered Vessels (sailboats or those that are paddled, poled and rowed) less than 20 meters (65.6 ft.) long must exhibit when underway:

• Red and green sidelights visible from a distance of at least two miles (if less than 12 meters (39.4 ft.) long, visible at least one mile) on dark clear night

• Sternlight visible from at least two miles


When underway, unpowered vesselsunpowered vessels less than 7 meters (23.0 ft.) long should exhibit:

• If practical, same lights as required for unpowered vessels less than 20 meters (65.6 ft.) in length

• If not practical, at least one lantern or flashlight shining a white light


When not underway, all vesselsall vessels required to display a white light visible in all directions whenever moored or anchored away from dock between sunset and sunrise

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsVisual Distress SignalsVisual Distress Signals

Visual Distress Signals (VDSs) allow vessel operators Visual Distress Signals (VDSs) allow vessel operators to signal for help in the event of an emergencyto signal for help in the event of an emergency

VDSs must be in serviceable condition, readily VDSs must be in serviceable condition, readily accessible and certified as complying with USCG accessible and certified as complying with USCG requirementsrequirements

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsVisual Distress Signals Visual Distress Signals (cont.)(cont.)

VDSs are classified as:VDSs are classified as:

• Day signals (visible in bright sunlight)

• Night signals (visible at night)

• Both day and night signals

VDSs are either:VDSs are either:

• Pyrotechnic (smoke and flames)

• Non-pyrotechnic (non-combustible)


Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signals

Orange Smoke Red Meteor Red Flare Day SignalDay Signal Day and Night SignalDay and Night Signal Day and Night SignalDay and Night Signal

Electric Light Orange Flag Night SignalNight Signal Day Signal Day Signal

Non-Pyrotechnic Visual Distress Signals


All vessels used on federally controlled waters must be All vessels used on federally controlled waters must be equipped with USCG-approved VDSs in which the equipped with USCG-approved VDSs in which the expiration date has not been exceededexpiration date has not been exceeded

If pyrotechnic VDSs are used, a minimum of three must If pyrotechnic VDSs are used, a minimum of three must be onboardbe onboard


All vessels on federal waters required to carry night All vessels on federal waters required to carry night signals when operating between sunset and sunrise. signals when operating between sunset and sunrise. Following vessels must also carry day signals:Following vessels must also carry day signals:

• Recreational vessels 16 feet or longer

• Non-motorized, open sailboats 26 feet or longer


Examples that satisfy USCG requirements: Examples that satisfy USCG requirements:

• Three hand-held red flares (day and night)

• One hand-held red flare and two red meteors (day and night)

• One hand-held orange smoke signal (day only), two floating orange smoke signals (day only), and one electric light (night only)


It is prohibited to display visual distress signals It is prohibited to display visual distress signals except when assistance is required to prevent except when assistance is required to prevent immediate or potential danger to persons onboard a immediate or potential danger to persons onboard a vesselvessel

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsSound Producing DevicesSound Producing Devices

Sound producing device is necessary in periods of Sound producing device is necessary in periods of reduced visibility or whenever vessel operator needs to reduced visibility or whenever vessel operator needs to signal intentions or positionsignal intentions or position

On Alabama state waters, requirements for sound On Alabama state waters, requirements for sound producing devices are:producing devices are:

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsSound Producing Devices Sound Producing Devices (cont.)(cont.)

• Vessels less than 16 ft. not required but strongly recommended they carry horn or whistle

• Vessels 16 ft. to 26 ft. required to carry a whistle or horn or some other means to make efficient sound signal audible for at least on-half mile

• Vessels 26 ft. to 40 ft. required to carry whistle or horn or some other means to make efficient sound signal audible for at least one mile

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsSound Producing Devices Sound Producing Devices (cont.)(cont.)

On federally controlled waters, requirements are:On federally controlled waters, requirements are:

• Vessels less than 12 meters (39.4 ft.), including PWC, required to carry onboard a mouth, hand or power operated whistle or horn, or some other means to make efficient sound signal

• Vessels 12 meters or more required to carry onboard a whistle or horn, and a bell

Diver Down FlagDiver Down Flag Federal and state law requires scuba divers and snorkelers display diver down flag to mark diving area. Alabama law requires vessel operators stay at least 100 ft. from displayed flag.

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsOther Equipment and RegulationsOther Equipment and Regulations

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsOther Equipment and Regulations Other Equipment and Regulations (cont.)(cont.)

The “diver down” flags are:

• A blue and white International Code Flag A (or Alpha flag), at least 1 meter (3.3 ft.) high and visible from all directions, must be displayed on vessels restricted in its ability to maneuver by the diving operation


• A rectangular red flag, at least 12 x 12 inches, with a white diagonal stripe used to indicate presence of submerged diver in the area. Alabama law requires divers prominently display this flag and stay within 50 ft. radius of the flag


Ignition Safety Switch Ignition Safety Switch Alabama law requires vessels less than 24 ft., with open cockpit and powered by more than 50 hp, be equipped with ignition safety switch. Lanyard must be attached to the person, clothing or PFD of the operator

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsHomeland SecurityHomeland Security

• Observe and avoid all security zones including restricted areas near dams, power plants, etc. Do not stop or anchor beneath bridges or in the channel. Violators of can expect a swift and severe response

• Keep a sharp eye out for anything that looks peculiar or out of the ordinary. Report all suspicious activities to local authorities or the USCG

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsRequirements Specific to PWCRequirements Specific to PWC

PWC operators must obey these laws in addition to PWC operators must obey these laws in addition to allallother boating laws:other boating laws:

• Each person onboard a PWC must wear a properly secured USCG-approved PFD

• PWC must either be equipped with ignition safety switch or have self-circling feature if operator fall off. If PWC equipped with ignition safety switch, the lanyard must be attached to person, clothing or PFD of the operator

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsRequirements Specific to PWC Requirements Specific to PWC (cont.)(cont.)

• PWC operators subject to age restrictions and education requirements

• PWC must be operated in a reasonable and prudent manner. It is illegal to operate PWC in a way that endangers life, limb or property of others


Specifically it is against the law to:Specifically it is against the law to:

• Weave PWC through congested waterway traffic at high speed

• Follow closely behind and within the wake of vessel towing person on water skis or similar devices


• Cut between vessel and person(s) being towed by that vessel

• Jump wake of another vessel unnecessarily close to that vessel

• Encircle or buzz another vessel or person in the water


• Cross path of another vessel at right angles while close to stern of other vessel or when visibility around other vessel is obstructed

• Swerve at last possible moment to avoid collision

• Chase, harass or disturb wildlife or birds with your PWC


It is strongly recommended that PWC be operated only during daylight hours. If a PWC is operated at night, it must display required navigation lights

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsTowing a Person LegallyTowing a Person Legally

Vessel operators towing person(s) on water skis, Vessel operators towing person(s) on water skis, aquaplane or similar device must also obey the aquaplane or similar device must also obey the following laws:following laws:

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsTowing a Person Legally Towing a Person Legally (cont.)(cont.)

• It is illegal for vessels to tow persons on water skis, aquaplane or similar device, between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise

• Each person being towed behind a vessel on water skis or similar devices must wear properly secured PFD. Skibelts not USCG-approved. It is legal responsibility of owner of towing vessel to enforce this requirement


• Every vessel (except PWC) towing person(s) on water skis or similar device must have:

– Capable observer, other than operator, 12 or older, or…

– Wide-angle rearview mirror


• Every PWC towing person(s) must have mirrors mounted on both sides but not attached to steering control

• Reasonable distance from other vessels, people and property must be maintained so as not to endanger life or property

• Illegal to tow person behind your vessel or to manipulate water skis or similar devices in manner that causes towed person to collide with another person or object

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsWaste, Oil and Trash DisposalWaste, Oil and Trash Disposal

It is illegal to discharge waste, oil or trash into any It is illegal to discharge waste, oil or trash into any state or federally controlled waters because:state or federally controlled waters because:

• Sewage carries disease and is harmful to people, aquatic plants and animals

• Trash thrown into water can injure swimmers and wildlife and plug engine cooling water intakes

• Pollution is unsightly and takes away from enjoyment of the water

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsWaste, Oil and Trash Disposal Waste, Oil and Trash Disposal (cont.)(cont.)

Vessel operators need to be aware of regulations for waste, oil and trash disposal that apply to both federally controlled and state waters

The Refuse Act prohibits throwing, discharging or depositing any refuse matter of any kind into U. S. waters


Discharge of sewage and wasteDischarge of sewage and waste

Effective October 1, 2003 the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources is responsible for enforcement related to regulating vessel sewage discharges

This includes marine sanitation devices and the yearly issuance of MSD inspection decals


Recreational vessels with Recreational vessels with installed toilet facilities must installed toilet facilities must have an operable marine have an operable marine sanitation device (MSD) sanitation device (MSD) onboardonboard


Type III MSD: Type III MSD:

• Simplest and most common, consists of holding tanks or portable toilets

• Has least effect on environment since waste is discharged on shore into local sewage treatment facility


Types I and II MSDs:Types I and II MSDs:

• Usually found on large vessels

• Waste treated with special chemicals to kill bacteria before waste is discharged

• Have “Y” valves that direct waste overboard which must be secured so valve cannot be opened


• Vessels 65 ft. and under may use Type I, II or III MSD. Vessels over 65 ft. must install a Type II or III MSD

• All installed devices must be USCG-certified

• Vessels with Type III MSD prohibited from docking, storing, anchoring or mooring at a marina unless marina has a pump-out or waste disposal system


Discharge of TrashDischarge of Trash

It is illegal to litter or dump garbage and plastics into federally controlled or state waters. Alabama Code of Law states that discharging trash into public waters is criminal littering with minimum fine of $250.

Trash Trash PlacardPlacard


• You must store trash in container onboard then place it in proper receptacle after returning to shore

• On federal waters, you must display a 4” x 9” inch placard on any vessel26 ft. or longer which notifies passengers and crew about discharge restrictions


Discharge of Oil and Other Hazardous SubstancesDischarge of Oil and Other Hazardous Substances

Vessels with propulsion machinery must have capacity to retain oil mixtures onboard

Federal law:Federal law: You are not allowed to discharge oil or hazardous substances into the water

Alabama Code of Law:Alabama Code of Law: It is a crime for vessel of more than 25 ft. to discharge oil products into public waters of Alabama or within 3 miles of Alabama shoreline


• It is Illegal to dump oil into bilge of vessel without means for proper disposal

• You must discharge oil waste to a reception facility


• On recreational vessels, bucket or bailer is adequate

• You must immediately notify the USCG if your vessel discharges oil or hazardous substances into the water


• You must also report discharge to the Alabama Department of Environmental Management

• On federal waters, vessels 26 ft. or longer must display 5 x 8 inch placard stating Federal Water Pollution Control Act’s law


Waste Management PlanWaste Management Plan

• Federal law requires ocean going vessels 40 feet or longer with a galley and berth must have a written Waste Management Plan

• Captain of the vessel is responsible for implementing the plan


• Waste Management Plan should be posted and include directives to all passengers and/or crew about:

─ Discharge of sewage and hazardous substances

─ Discharge of garbage and other food waste

─ Disposal of plastics, bottles and cans

─ Applicable placards for additional information

─ Advising captain in case of oily discharges or diesel spills

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsProtecting the EnvironmentProtecting the Environment

Introducing non-native species into Alabama waters can upset the balance of the ecosystem, hurting the environment. Aquatic nuisance species such as zebra mussels, hydrilla, and mitten crabs most often spread between waterways by hitching a ride on vessels and trailers. When transplanted into new waters, they proliferate, displacing native species and damaging water resources

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsProtecting the Environment Protecting the Environment (cont.)(cont.)

To prevent spreading aquatic pests:To prevent spreading aquatic pests:

• Inspect vessel and trailer, removing any plants and animals you see before leaving the waterbody

• Drain motor, live well, and bilge on land before leaving the waterbody

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsProtecting the Environment Protecting the Environment (cont.)(cont.)

• Empty bait bucket on land. Never release live bait into waterbody or release aquatic animals from one waterbody into another

• Rinse vessel, trailer and equipment

• Air dry vessel and equipment for as long as possible

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsAccidents and CasualtiesAccidents and Casualties

• Vessel operator involved in an accident must submit written report to AMPD if as a result:

─ Person dies or disappears or…or…

─ Person is injured and remains incapacitated for more than 72 hours or…or…

─ Damage to vessel and other property exceeds $50

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsAccidents and Casualties Accidents and Casualties (cont.)(cont.)

• Reports of accidents must be made within 10 days

• Operator involved in accident should stop his or her vessel immediately and:

─ Give assistance to anyone injured in the accident

─ Give name, address and identifying number of their vessel as well as names and addresses of passengers to other vessel’s operator and/or passengers

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsAccidents and Casualties Accidents and Casualties (cont.)(cont.)

• Uniformed Marine Police officer, county sheriff, or other authorized enforcement officer may arrest, at the scene, any person they reasonably believe contributed to the accident

• A person who unlawfully and unintentionally causes the death of another person, while engaged in violation of any boating law or regulation will be guilty of homicide

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements EnforcementEnforcement

Boating laws of Alabama enforced Boating laws of Alabama enforced by Marine Police officers, county by Marine Police officers, county sheriffs and any other authorized sheriffs and any other authorized peace officer or law enforcement peace officer or law enforcement officerofficer

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal Requirements EnforcementEnforcement

• Officers have authority to stop and board vessels in order to check for compliance with state and federal laws. USCG also has enforcement authority of all federally controlled waters

• Whenever contacted by officer, you must stop and permit officer to come alongside to check your Certificate of Number and required safety equipment

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsReview QuestionsReview Questions

What number is assigned and imprinted by the vessel manufacturer and is unique to each vessel?

Where should you not allow passengers to ride while underway?

Is it legal to operate a vessel if your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds the legal limit?

Name the five PFD types.

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsReview Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

What type of PFD is required to be onboard vessels for use as a throwable device?

Name three criteria for PFDs.

What must PWC operators, no matter what age, always wear whenever they are underway?

What type of fire extinguisher is required for powerboats of less than 26 feet?


What conditions require a vessel operator to carry fire extinguisher(s) onboard a motorboat?

How many minutes is it recommended to run a vessel’s ventilation system before starting the engine?

Describe navigation lights required at night for an 18 foot motorboat.

What must a 16 foot canoe, away from dock after dark, have on hand?


Name two visual distress signals for use after dark.

Describe the two types of “diver down” flags.

If an observer is onboard when pulling a skier behind a PWC, the PWC should be rated for how many people?

May a water skier(s) be towed at night with proper lighting?


What is it illegal to discharge into federal or state waters?

What conditions require that you report a boating accident?

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsSummarySummary

Always have your Certificate of Registration onboard

Reckless operating practices, such as excessive speed, are not only dangerous, but are illegal

Operating a vessel while intoxicated is illegal and dangerous

All PFDs must be U. S. Coast Guard-approved, in good condition, of the proper size for the intended wearer and readily accessible

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsSummary Summary (cont.)(cont.)

All boats must have at least one Type I, II, III or V USCG-approved PFD for each person onboard

Most boats are required to have a Type B fire extinguisher onboard

Boats operated between sunset and sunrise must have and use the specified navigation lights

Boats are also required to have a sound-producing device

Lesson Four: Legal RequirementsLesson Four: Legal RequirementsSummary Summary (cont.)(cont.)

Each person riding a PWC must wear a PFD

It is illegal to operate a PWC or tow a skier at night

You are required to report serious boating accidents

LESSON FIVELESSON FIVE

BOATING EMERGENCIESBOATING EMERGENCIES

Lesson Five: Key TopicsLesson Five: Key Topics

• Risk management

• Boating accidents

• Personal injuries

• Weather emergencies

• Summoning help

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesObjectivesObjectives


understand how to practice risk management while boating

understand the effects of boating stressors

understand how dehydration occurs and how to recognize and prevent it

understand the increased effects of alcohol on the water

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesObjectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

be able to properly size a PFD for a wearer and check a PFDs condition

know how to avoid collisions

be able to take the proper safety actions if a vessel capsizes, is swamped, or runs aground

be able to respond properly to a fire emergency

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesObjectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

be able to recognize the symptoms of hypothermia, avoid hypothermia if trapped in cold water, and give basic treatment to victims

know how to prevent and be able to recognize the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

be able to obtain weather forecasts and recognize weather warnings, and know what to do if caught in foul weather

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesRisk ManagementRisk Management

Nearly all accidents are preventable. Boating fatalities Nearly all accidents are preventable. Boating fatalities are most often characterized by:are most often characterized by:

• PFDs are onboard but not in use

• Good weather conditions

• Involvement of small, open vessels with a fiberglass hull

• Age of the operator between 26 to 50 years

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesRisk ManagementRisk Management (cont.)(cont.)

Risk management is practice of:Risk management is practice of:

• Recognizing dangerous situations and reducing chance that they will happen

• Lessening effects of accidents if they do happen

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesRisk ManagementRisk Management (cont.)(cont.)

Increased risk due to boating stressors:Increased risk due to boating stressors:

• Sun glare and heat, motion, noise, vibration make you tire more easily on the water

• Boating stressors increase risk of boating accident

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesRisk Management Risk Management (cont.)(cont.)

Dehydration increases risk of boating accidentDehydration increases risk of boating accident

• Boating causes you to generate more body heat, and thus increases sweating; increased sweating causes dehydration if body fluids are not replaced

• Dehydration increases fatigue and makes you more likely to be involved in boating accident


• To prevent dehydration, drink at least one quart of water per hour

• Watch for signs of dehydration (nausea, sleepiness, dizziness, irritability, headaches)

• If symptoms are observed, drink plenty of water and get out of the sun


Minimize risk of boating accidents by choosing to not Minimize risk of boating accidents by choosing to not consume alcoholconsume alcohol

• Effect of alcohol is increased by natural stressors placed on body while boating

• One drink on the water can have same effect as three drinks on land


• Alcohol depresses central nervous system, affects judgment, and slows reaction time

• Always designate non-drinking boaters to operate vessel and act as observer if your group plans to consume

alcohol

• Don’t drink and boat!Don’t drink and boat!


Minimize risk of drownings by wearing PFDsMinimize risk of drownings by wearing PFDs

Almost all drowning victims aren’t wearing a PFD or are wearing an inadequate one. PFDs:

• Must be readily accessible

• Are of proper size for intended wearer

• Are in good condition

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesBoating AccidentsBoating Accidents

Capsizing is when a vessel turns on its side or Capsizing is when a vessel turns on its side or completely overcompletely over. Swamping is when vessel fills with Swamping is when vessel fills with water. To reduce the risk, follow these rules:water. To reduce the risk, follow these rules:

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesBoating Accidents Boating Accidents (cont.)(cont.)

• Do not overload your vessel

• Turning vessel at controlled speeds

• Secure anchor line to bow of vessel

• Don’t boat in rough water or bad weather


If your vessel should capsize or swamp, or if you have If your vessel should capsize or swamp, or if you have fallen out and can’t get back in, stay with the vessel:fallen out and can’t get back in, stay with the vessel:

• Take a headcount. Reach, throw, row or go to anyone in distress

• If vessel remains afloat, try to reboard. If vessel is overturned or swamped, hang onto it. Try to get as much

of your body as possible out of cold water


If vessel sinks or floats away, don’t panicIf vessel sinks or floats away, don’t panic

• If you are wearing a PFD, make sure it is securely fastened, remain calm, and wait for help

• If you aren’t wearing a PFD, look for one floating in the water or other buoyant items to use as a flotation device


• Make sure others are wearing PFDs or have a buoyant item

• If there is no other means of support, you may have to tread water or simply float

• In cold water, float rather than tread to reduce hypothermia


Falling overboard is less likely to result in a fatality Falling overboard is less likely to result in a fatality if everyone onboard wears a PFD at all times if everyone onboard wears a PFD at all times

Falls overboard can be prevented if those onboard do not:

• Sit on the gunwale, bow, seat backs, motor cover or any other area not designed for seating


• Sit on pedestal seats when underway or at greater than idle speed

• Stand up in the vessel

• Move about vessel when underway

• Lean out from small vessels


If someone falls overboard, immediately:If someone falls overboard, immediately:

• Reduce speed and throw victim a PFD

• Turn vessel around and carefully pull alongside victim

• Stop the engine. Pull victim onboard over the stern keeping weight in the vessel balanced


Collisions are becoming more common due to faster Collisions are becoming more common due to faster vessels and increased waterway trafficvessels and increased waterway traffic

Collisions can be avoided by:

• Following the rules of navigation

• Paying attention to navigational aids

• Keeping a sharp lookout

• Maintaining a safe speed


• Looking behind you before making a turn

• Using extreme caution when traveling into sun’s glare

• Never operating when fatigued, stressed or consuming alcohol

• Watching for floating debris, especially after heavy rainfall


Fire emergencies have caused many vessels to burn to Fire emergencies have caused many vessels to burn to the water line needlessly. the water line needlessly. Prevent fire by:Prevent fire by:

• Not mixing the three ingredients required for fire to erupt (fuel, oxygen, and fire or heat)


• Making sure ventilation systems have been installed and are properly used

• Maintaining fuel system

• Following safe fueling procedures


If fire erupts while underway:If fire erupts while underway:

• Stop vessel and have everyone put on PFD

• Keep fire downwind

• If motor catches fire, immediately shut off fuel supply


• Aim extinguisher at base of flames, and sweep back and forth

• Never use water on gasoline, oil, grease or electrical fire


• Check the charge level of your fire extinguisher annually to make sure it is charged

To check this style, depress green button; if fully charged, button should pop back out immediately

On this style, needle indicator should be in “full” range


Running aground while Running aground while traveling at high speed can traveling at high speed can cause damage to vessel and cause damage to vessel and injury to those onboardinjury to those onboard

Running aground can be avoided by:


• Knowing your boating environment

• Become familiar with locations of shallow water and submerged

objects before you go out

• Learn to read chart to determine

your position and depth


If you run aground and the impact does not cause a If you run aground and the impact does not cause a leak, follow these steps to try to get loose: leak, follow these steps to try to get loose:

• Stop the engine and lift outdrive

• Shift weight in the vessel to the area furthest away from the point of impact


• Try to shove off from the rock, bottom or reef with a paddle or boathook

• If this fails, use visual distress signals to flag down help from another vessel or call for assistance using VHF marine radio

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesPersonal InjuriesPersonal Injuries

Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it produces itthan it produces it

• Prevent hypothermia by dressing appropriately

• Dress according to air and water temperature

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesPersonal Injuries Personal Injuries (cont.)(cont.)

• Symptoms in order of severity are:

─ Shivering

─ Bluish lips and fingernails

─ Loss of feeling in extremities

─ Cold, bluish skin

─ Decreased mental skills

─ Slurred speech

─ Rigidity in extremities

─ Unconsciousness

─ Coma

─ Death


To avoid hypothermia when in water:To avoid hypothermia when in water:

• Try to reboard vessel even if it is swamped or capsized

• Don’t take your clothes off unless absolutely necessary

• Don’t thrash about or move any more than necessary


• Wear a PFD; draw your knees to your chest and your arms to your sides in the HELP posture

• If there are other people in water with you, huddle together


When treating hypothermia:When treating hypothermia:

• Get the victim out of the wind, rain or water

• Treat hypothermia victim gently

• Do not allow him or her to walk unless absolutely necessary

• Give a warm liquid to victim, but not one containing alcohol or caffeine


• Avoid warming up victim too rapidly

• Replace wet clothing with dry

• When you return to shore, seek medical help immediately

• If the victim is semi-conscious, try to keep him or her awake


Carbon monoxide is an odorless, tasteless gas which Carbon monoxide is an odorless, tasteless gas which is very toxic even in small quantities. is very toxic even in small quantities. Prevent carbon Prevent carbon monoxide poisoning by:monoxide poisoning by:

• Keeping air flowing through vessel

• When boating, be careful running downwind as exhaust gases may blow back onboard


• On cabin cruisers, be aware that exhaust gases can blow back into stern when traveling into wind

• Whenever people are using swim platforms or are in the water close to the stern, turn off all gasoline powered generators with transom exhaust ports

• Swimmers should never enter enclosed areas under swim platforms as air in these areas could be fatal if breathed in


• Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include:

─ Dizziness

─ Ringing in the ears

─ Headache

• Persons with these symptoms should be placed in fresh air immediately and if symptoms persist, seek medical help

– Nausea

– Loss of motion

– Unconsciousness


Some proper responses to other serious injuries are:Some proper responses to other serious injuries are:

• Seriously injured should be treated for shock by keeping victim warm, still and in a lying-down position until medical attention arrives

• Bleeding usually can be controlled by applying direct pressure to wound


• Immediately place minor burns in cold water, and apply ointment and a dry bandage after pain subsides

• Seek medical help for major burns

• Seek medical assistance immediately for broken and dislocated bones

• In cases of head, neck or spinal injuries, never move victim more than is absolutely necessary; water can provide excellent support until medical help arrives

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesWeather EmergenciesWeather Emergencies

To avoid being caught in foul weather: To avoid being caught in foul weather:

• Tune a portable radio to local station that gives weather updates

• Be alert to weather you can see and check barometer

• Watch for wind shifts, and watch for lightning and rough water

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesWeather Emergencies Weather Emergencies (cont.)(cont.)

• Watch weather to the west, the direction from which most bad weather arrives

• Watch for fog as it creates problems especially in inlets and bays



If caught in foul weather:If caught in foul weather:

• Put on PFDs and make sure they are properly secured

• Keep sharp lookout for other vessels and floating debris

• If there is fog, sound your fog horn

• Head for nearest shore that is safe to approach


• If already caught in a storm, it may be best to ride it out in open water

• Head the bow into waves at a 45º angle; PWC should head into waves at a 90º angle

• Close all hatches, windows, etc. to reduce the chance of swamping

• Reduce speed, but keep enough power to maintain headway


• Seat passengers on the bottom of the vessel, as close to centerline as possible

• If there is lightning, disconnect all electrical equipment and stay clear of metal objects

• Secure loose items; have emergency gear ready

• Keep bilges free of water

• If engine stops, drop anchor from bow

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesSummoning HelpSummoning Help

Ability to summon help quickly can be the difference Ability to summon help quickly can be the difference between life and death. To summon help, you should between life and death. To summon help, you should carry onboard and know how to contact help using: carry onboard and know how to contact help using:

• Visual distress signals

• VHF marine radio

• Mobile phone

• Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesReview QuestionsReview Questions

What is true about PFDs in a typical boating fatality?

Name boating stressors that make you tire more rapidly when on the water?

How much water should you drink while boating to prevent becoming dehydrated?

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesReview Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

How much of the amount of alcohol that it takes to make a person legally impaired on the road is enough to make someone equally impaired when on the water?

Alcohol contributes to what fraction of all boating accidents nationwide?

If you capsize, should you immediately attempt to swim to shore?


What is an easy way to remember priorities for rescuing someone who has fallen into the water?

What should you do if a fire erupts onboard a vessel?

How can you usually control bleeding?


What is the condition called when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it?

What do the letters “HELP” stand for?

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesSummarySummary

Nearly all accidents are preventable if you learn to recognize the warning signs, stay sober and wear PFDs

One third of the amount of alcohol that it takes to make a person legally impaired on land can make a boater equally impaired

Remember the “Reach, Throw, Row, Go” rule when assisting a drowning victim from onshore

Lesson Five: Boating EmergenciesLesson Five: Boating EmergenciesSummary Summary (cont.)(cont.)

If your vessel capsizes, stay with the vessel

Remember to get in the HELP position if trapped in cold water

Be alert to changing weather conditions and head for shore at the first sign of bad weather

LESSON SIXLESSON SIX

ENJOYING WATER SPORTS ENJOYING WATER SPORTS

WITH YOUR BOAT!WITH YOUR BOAT!

Lesson Six: Key TopicsLesson Six: Key Topics

• Responsibilities of operator

• Swimming

• Scuba diving & snorkeling

• Water skiing

• Canoeing, kayaking rafting and tubing

• Windsurfing & sailing

• Fishing & hunting

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsObjectivesObjectives


understand vessel operator’s responsibility to their passengers

understand vessel owner’s responsibility when allowing others to use his or her vessel

understand boaters’ responsibility to environment

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsObjectives Objectives (cont.)(cont.)

be able to properly tow skier and recognize skier hand signals

understand shared responsibilities of all those enjoying the waters -- boaters, swimmers, anglers, water skiers, divers, windsurfers, canoeists and kayakers, and hunters

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

Operators are responsible for ensuring that their Operators are responsible for ensuring that their passengers understand basic safety practices and passengers understand basic safety practices and laws:laws:

Use a pre-departure checklist to ensure you’ve taken necessary safety precautions then discuss with your passengers

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsResponsibilities Responsibilities (cont.)(cont.)

Some things that should be pointed out are:Some things that should be pointed out are:

• Location of safety equipment

• Need for wearing PFDs

• Laws about reckless operation, required equipment


• Safety procedures in case of boating accident

• How to summon help

• Risks of consuming alcohol


Operators have responsibilities to others they allow to Operators have responsibilities to others they allow to operate their vessel; make sure he or she:operate their vessel; make sure he or she:

• Meets minimum age and boater education requirements

• Knows basic boating safety and navigation rules

• Knows how to use lanyard of the ignition safety switch

• Understands need for obeying speed restrictions

• Understands need for staying alert


Before allowing someone to drive your PWC:Before allowing someone to drive your PWC:

• Make sure he or she knows they are operating a vessel and have the same responsibilities as any other vessel operator

• Let beginners take their first rides in an uncrowded area

• While on shore, show proper procedures for deep water starting and reboarding


• Make sure he or she understands that power is required for steering control

• Point out that they need to look around before making turns


Boaters have a responsibility to the Boaters have a responsibility to the environment:environment:

• Keep waters clean and disease-free by properly disposing of waste and litter

• Practice the three “R’s”-- Reduce, Reduce, Reuse and RecycleReuse and Recycle


• Protect shoreline and aquatic vegetation from damage caused by your wake, prop or pump intake

• Don’t allow toxic substances (e.g., cleaners, paint, fuel) to contact water

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSwimmingSwimming

It is important that all swimmers take special care to It is important that all swimmers take special care to avoid accidents and injuriesavoid accidents and injuries

Because it is almost impossible for vessel operators Because it is almost impossible for vessel operators to spot swimmers, swimmers should:to spot swimmers, swimmers should:

• Not swim outside of designated or safe areas

• Only swim in deep waters where they can be seen by boaters and with vessel alongside that will be available in case of emergency

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSwimming Swimming (cont.)(cont.)

Swimmers should:Swimmers should:

• Remember that air mattresses, inner tubes and other inflatable toys are easily punctured and should not be used by unsupervised children

• Not exceed their own ability; never dive into unknown depths or never swim alone

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSwimming Swimming (cont.)(cont.)

• When swimming from a vessel, either anchor vessel or make sure someone capable of operating vessel remains onboard

• Take certified swimming course

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsScuba Diving and SnorkelingScuba Diving and Snorkeling

Vessel operators should:Vessel operators should:

• Be able to recognize and stay legal distance away from “diver down” flag

• Keep a lookout for bubbles breaking surface of water which may indicate divers below

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsScuba Diving and Snorkeling Scuba Diving and Snorkeling (cont.)(cont.)

Divers should:Divers should:

• Display appropriate “diver down” flags

• Select vessel suited for divingand anchor vessel securely

• Avoid overloading their vessels with people or equipment and supplies

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsWater skiingWater skiing

Before towing a water skier vessel operator should:Before towing a water skier vessel operator should:

• Have second person onboard to act as observer

• Review hand signals with skier for proper communication

• Make sure skier is wearing USGC approved PFD

• Be familiar with skiing area and any water hazards

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsWater skiing Water skiing (cont.)(cont.)

• Keep the skier a safe distance from hazards and the shoreline -- a safe distance is at least twice the length of the tow rope

• Make sure tow lines are of same length if towing multiple skiers

• Never ski at night; it is both hazardous and illegal


While towing a skier vessel operator should:While towing a skier vessel operator should:

• Start engine, making sure no one in water is near the propeller

• Pull ski rope tight and then apply enough power to raise skier out of water

• Avoid congested areas and keep a sharp lookout for other vessels and obstructions -- let observer watch the skier


• Always keep fallen skiers in view and on operator’s side of vessel

• If required, display red or orange flag to alert other boaters that skier is down

• Always shut engine off before allowing skier to board vessel


When in the water, a skier should:When in the water, a skier should:

• Wear a PFD

• Learn and use hand signals

• Never ski under influence of drugs or alcohol

• Never spray swimmers, vessels or other skiers, and never wrap tow rope around his or her body


• Always hold ski up out of water after falling to remain in view of vessel operators

• Never approach back of vessel unless engine has been turned off


Back to dock Skier OK Skier down – watch!

Speed up

Slow down

Speed OK Stop

Turn left

Turn right

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsCanoeing, Kayaking and RaftingCanoeing, Kayaking and Rafting

Paddlers should: Paddlers should:

• Know how to paddle or swim in tremendous currents and wear a PFD at all times

• Not float alone; two canoes with two canoeists each is recommended

• Not overload canoe; tie down gear and distribute weight evenly

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsCanoeing, Kayaking and Rafting Canoeing, Kayaking and Rafting (cont.)(cont.)

• Map general route and timetable before embarking

• Study rapids before proceeding

• Steer clear of drop offs and dams

• Carry your craft around low head dams

• Stay away from strainers (obstructions of log jams, brush piles and overhanging trees)

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsCanoeing, Kayaking and Rafting Canoeing, Kayaking and Rafting (cont.)(cont.)

• If capsized, paddlers should stay on upstream side of canoe and float on their back with feet pointed downstream

• Do not try to walk or stand in swift moving water

• If canoeing on a lake, stay close to shore and head for shore if waves increase

• If water is cold, take all necessary precautions to avoid hypothermia

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsWindsurfingWindsurfing

• Windsurfers should dress appropriately; consider wearing wetsuit

• Wear a PFD, even if not required

• Tell someone where you are going,when you expect to return and who to call if overdue

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsWindsurfing Windsurfing (cont.)(cont.)

• Do not become overly fatigued; if feeling weak, windsurfers can furl the sail, place it on board; lay onboard and stroke to shore

• Windsurfers should be on lookout for vessels, avoiding them and their wakes; don’t stray far from shore

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSailingSailing

Sailboats are usually the stand-on Sailboats are usually the stand-on boat. Exceptions occur when:boat. Exceptions occur when:

• Sailboat is overtaking another vessel

• The other vessel is restricted in its ability to maneuver

• Or sailboat is under power

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSailing Sailing (cont.)(cont.)

Take precautions to avoid sailing risksTake precautions to avoid sailing risks

• In small sailboats, be prepared for capsizing

• Sailors should wear PFD

• Be aware of danger of hypothermia

• Take certified sailing course before setting out on your own

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSailing Sailing (cont.)(cont.)

Some tips for safe sailing are: Some tips for safe sailing are:

• Stay off water during storms; the mast can be conductor of lightning

• Carry flashlight; sailboats with auxiliary engine must have red, green and white navigation lights

• Be aware of mast clearance when passing under power lines and bridges

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsFishingFishing

Anglers using a vessel to fish should:Anglers using a vessel to fish should:

• Know and follow all safe boating laws and requirements

• Pay attention to capacity plate and don’t overload vessel

• Wear PFD especially when the water is cold or when fishing alone or in remote areas

• Recycle or toss used fishing line into receptacles onshore and not into waters or onto shorelines

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsFishing Fishing (cont.)(cont.)

Vessel operators who are boating in the vicinity of Vessel operators who are boating in the vicinity of fishing boats should:fishing boats should:

• Slow down when approaching fishing boats or give them wide berth

• Never run over angler’s lines or disturb fishing boats with large wake

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsHuntingHunting

If using a vessel to hunt you should:If using a vessel to hunt you should:

• Understand still responsible for obeying all boating laws

• Take extra precautions to avoid capsizing or swamping

• Wear PFD at all times while on the water

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsHunting Hunting (cont.)(cont.)

• When hunting on cold water, dress in several layers under your PFD

• Always check weather, and stay close to shore

• Fire no shots, nor release any arrows until vessel is stopped, motor off and vessel secured

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsHunting Hunting (cont.)(cont.)

• Be aware of laws regarding transport of firearms on a vessel

• Firearms should always be unloaded, have safety on, and be secured in gun case when transported in a vessel

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsReview QuestionsReview Questions

As the operator of a vessel, what are you responsible for ensuring that your passengers understand?

What should hunters in vessels be sure to wear?

Before allowing anyone to operate your PWC, what should you remind them about steering control?

What are the three “R’s” that you should practice to protect the environment?

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsReview Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

Demonstrate the water skiing commands

When picking up a water skier, on which side of the vessel should you keep the skier?

Name two onshore fixtures that are especially dangerous to vehicles towing or launching or sailboats.

When is the use of wet suits advisable?

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsReview Questions Review Questions (cont.)(cont.)

If you capsize in a canoe, on which side of the canoe should you float?

As the owner of a PWC can you be held liable for damage caused by your PWC no matter who is operating it?

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSummarySummary

As an operator of a vessel, you have responsibilities to your passengers, to anyone else you allow to operate, and to the environment

As the owner of a PWC, you could be liable for damage caused by others operating it

Swim only in designated areas or close to your vessel

Lesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsLesson Six: Enjoying Water SportsSummary Summary (cont.)(cont.)

Wear a PFD when involved in any sport or activity on or near the water

Always shut off the engine before dropping off or picking up a skier

If you fall in the water while on a river in a canoe, raft, etc., float on your back with your feet pointed downstream

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