Copyright © 1999 Telcordia Technologies All Rights Reserved Christian Huitema [email protected] An SAIC Company IPv6: Connecting 6 billion

Copyright © 1999 Telcordia TechnologiesAll Rights Reserved

Christian Huitema

[email protected]

An SAIC Company

IPv6:Connecting 6 billion humans,and then 6,000 billion computers

Doc Name – 2Copyright © 1999 Telcordia TechnologiesAll Rights Reserved

IPv6: the dawn of a new Internet


The route problem is controlled by CIDR,but there is a price...


TOP TOP

Next level Next level Next level

Site

LinkHost

Provider,Exchange

IPv6 Routing architecture: solves the routing problem


With IPv6: Multi-homing, multiple addresses

F TLA Res NLA S-ID S.n UIDa. A 0 XA CX n xxxa. B 0 XB CX n xxxa. C 0 YC CY n xxxs.l. 0 0 0 0 n xxxl.l. 0 0 0 0 0 xxx

• Choice of address => Choice of provider

• Addresses follow “abstract” topology


Automatic address configuration:IPv6 eases network management

Change provider Tell the routers, the DHCP servers:

– router configuration. Reconfigure the hosts:

– Automatic, or DHCP.

Reconfigure the DNS:– Update the network record.


At some point, we will need more addresses

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Jan-91

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DestinationDestinationAddress (128)Address (128)

Source Source Address (128)Address (128)

Length (16)Length (16) Payload(8)Payload(8) H.Count(8)H.Count(8)

v6v6 Class(8)Class(8) Flow-label(20)Flow-label(20)

IPv6, same services, 128 bit addressesno more address scarcity


Are the Internet users ready for IPv6?Evolution takes time...


Running out of addresses, right now

Lucky large users:– Lucent 6,700,000 addresses– US Air Force: 675,000 hosts– US Navy 600,000 hosts– US Army 400,000 hosts– Digital 180,000 hosts– Control Data 180,000 hosts – Hewlett-Packard 180,000 hosts– Bay Networks, 3Com, Harvard, NASA...

Unlucky large users:– Use Net 10, and NATs


NAT attempt to translate addresses,without changing the application

Global Internet

Private addresses

NATA B

10.0.1.2192.1.2.3

128.96.41.1

But it does not really work...


NAT are not the solution

Loss of functionality– IP security– Internet Telephony– 100 ways to carry an address in a file– call me back at number x.x.x.x

Not applicable to ISP– Pool of modems => pool of addresses– Today, ratio of 1modem to (5..10) users– Demand is exploding...


Watching the demand for Cable Modems…… and waiting for ADSL, and appliances.

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200,000

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Dec-98 Jan-99 Mar-99 Apr-99 Jun-99 Aug-99 Sep-99

AOL

Net 24

At Home


ISP don’t do NAT

ISP are the big users of addresses– America Online 1,900,000 – UUNET 1,800,000– @Home 800,000– ANS 750,000– BBN (GTE) 700,000– PSINet 600,000– AT&T 475,000– Sprint 400,000– Road Runner, Pac.Bell, IBM, Demon, Hinet, Media 1...


Evolution continues… let’s try to fix NATs


RSIP acts as an “external address server”,eliminating side effects of NATs

Global Internet

Private addresses

RSIPAB

10.0.1.2192.1.2.3

128.96.41.1

But the applications must be upgraded...


RSIP with “net 10” is a limited solution

Not as easy to deploy as NAT– need to agree on a standard RSIP protocol,– need to upgrade the applications.

Not as future-proof as IPv6– extensions by sharing address + ports between stations– one station may well use 256 ports,– hence RSIP = IPv4 + 8 bits = 40 bit addresses,– at most 4 billion networks.


Natural evolution leads to IPv6

IPv4

IPv4+NAT

IPv4+RSIP

IPv6+RSIP

IPv6

Crisis

Broken...

Future proof...

Backbone...


IPv6 needs a credible transition strategy… and RSIP provides it.

The official “parallel stacks” approach is broken– If IPv4 is present, no incentive for IPv6– If net 10 is present, no advantage to autoconfiguration

Alternative: IPv6 + RSIP to IPv4– IPv6, RSIP capable stack + applications,– Full benefit of autoconfiguration,– As easy to deploy as “plain RSIP,”– Fully transparent access to IPv4 domains.

IPv6 should embrace RSIP– provide support for RSIP discovery in ICMP?


IPv6 will appear from the edges… and we need to optimize the 6Bone

IPv6 + RSIPIPv6 + RSIP

IPv6 + RSIP

Backbone will convert as demand builds up


IPv6: we need to connect 6,000,000,000 peopleDon’t forget the rest of the world!

Copyright © 1999 Telcordia TechnologiesAll Rights ReservedAn SAIC Company

Documents

Copyright © 1999 Telcordia Technologies All Rights Reserved Christian Huitema [email protected] An SAIC Company IPv6: Connecting 6 billion