Copy of sustainable urban development ppt presentation

06012007 International conferenceon SUSTAINABILITY at Chennai

1

Sustainable Urban Development - Future of Indian Cities An overview

By Prof KS Mukunda HOD Department of Architecture siddaganga Institute of Technology TUMKUR Karnataka State INDIA

2International conference

on SUSTAINABILITY at Chennai06012007

Introduction It has been our aim to Improve the quality of

life in our cities including EcologicalCultural Political Institutional amp Economic components without leaving a burden on future generations

Strong healthy livable cities depend on healthy environmentsa robust economy amp ample employment generation

The focus of this presentation is more on sensitizing the issue on SUSTAINABILITY

considering the problems of the URBAN POOR than on capacity building


on SUSTAINABILITY at Chennai 3

Rating a project contribution towards sustainable urban development amp awarding procedure for good solution

Experts in science

Monitoring team

Experts in practice Forums

Advisory board

Defining category titles

Defining criteria for each category

3 to 4 rounds of questioners

Open forums on provisional results

Taking place on the Internet





Concept of sustainable Development

Sustainable city is the one that is able to provide the basic needs of population with necessary infrastructure of civic amenitieshealth amp medical care housing education transportationemployment amp good governance to all sections of the community without discrimination

Ecological sustainable thesis requires ETHICS OF CARE RESPECT amp RESPONSIBILITY

The 4 components of Livability are (a) Social well being (b) Economic Vitality (c) Infrastructure availability (d) Environmental quality There must be a balance between the 4 components and it

should be monitored regularly Sustained development refers more to a PROCESS rather than

an end point Effective governance different levels with a coordinated effort

becomes important



Current Initiatives and Progress

Progress on developing the concepts of sustainable development has been rapid since the early 1990s Following is a list of major events programs and commissions that have been instrumental in shaping the fundamental principles and programs of action for achieving sustainable development 1048766 1992 Earth Summit 100+ heads of state meet in Brazil for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Convened to address urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development 1048766 1992 Agenda 21 A 300 page plan for achieving sustainable development in the 21st century



1048766 1992 Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD)

Created to ensure effective follow-up and monitoring of UNCED agreements locally nationally and internationally

1048766 1997 Earth Summit Review Five year review of Earth Summit progress

1048766 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)

Held in Johannesburg South Africareaffirming commitments to Earth Summit 1992

1048766 2002 International Council for Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)

Brought together 700 mayors and local government representatives from around the world confirming commitment of local governments around the globe towards the process of creating a ldquosustainable worldrdquoIn total these summits and declarations have served to emphasize and define more clearly the important role international organizations and governments must play in supporting local governments to develop the capacities to address sustainable development



Scenario of Indian Urban Development in the last 50 years

Indian Independence in1947 amp Rapid stride in Industrialization

Caused necessity to regulate Urban growth

In 1946 the Bhore Committee recommendations established a T ampCP department in each Province Under the Min of Health

The partition of India created tremendous problems of refugees in the N-W amp N-E which ultimately caused creation of new settlements of Towns amp Cities

Town Planning Education started after 1955 amp there was a terrible shortage of Technical manpower to manage amp guide Urban development Resulting which India adopted Bureaucratic path of Planning through Controls supported legislation amp the ldquoDevelopment Planrdquo became a Statutory Document amp trained manpower was not available to administer the plan



Policy Initiatives Development Plan Concept UK developed amp adopted the concept but had limited success This concept rested on 3 strong pillars of support viz (a) Presence of a Local Self Government (b) Financial Institution to support Development (c) Presence of Organized Private Sector Development In UK the population growth declined sharply thus weakening the demand for Urban sector India adopted the Development Plan Concept in its model plan

guidelines in 1956 under its T amp CP act The needed 3 pillars of support did not existIn this un-prepared climate Urban Dev rapidly deteriorated

Municipalities adopted an oppressive regulatory system The officers were from Administrative Service the Technical service was placed under the responsibility of the administrator whose commitment to the place amp organization is transitory Active participation of people in development is totally missingThere is no legal framework for regulating planned growth of human settlements



Pavement dwellers in Mumbai

ldquoRight to live includes the right to livelihoodrdquo

As livelihood of poor depends directly on where they live

Verdict given - favoring pavement dwellers in a public interest petition in a Mumbai court

Chennai- 40 population live in slums

Kolkata - In 1996 Operation Sunshine evicted 50000

pavement dwellers from cityrsquos main streets



Problems of water in poor localities of a town



The development plan is thus viewed as an INSTRUMENT OF OBSTRUCTION rather than facilitator of Development All later Town planning Legislation adopted T amp CP act amp even after 50 years India needs to Discuss amp Review a lot

Population of Delhi increases by 04 million every year due tomigration putting a question on sustainability with the burgeoningpopulation leading to exploitationCrime amp lawlessness due to shrinking job opportunities sub human living conditions in slums creating environmental degradation amp other pollutions of air water amp land

Cities are under pressure Decision makers have to find solutions tovarious emerging problems ranging from HousingDrinking watersupply to sanitation amp waste disposal transportation to urban greenspace preservation At the same time they are also taking wrong ampad hoc decisions without involving ExpertsNGOrsquosCitizens media



Housing for urban poor- New Delhi

Air Pollution Water Pollution

Air Noiseamp Visual pollutions



IMPACT (Development plan) Cities have become focal points of

consumption of goods amp services while draining out resources of

external regions Vast majority of migrants to urban

areas cannot afford a decent living condition due to poverty The settlement they can affordlack all basic infrastructure needs to maintain the required health amp hygiene aspects

Ecological Impact of major cities extend much beyond their geographical boundaries

Under such circumstances sustainable development theory is an EVOLVING one and a highly Debatable issue

Migrating to city

Poor housing



What This Means on Quality of living Environment

Living environments are deteriorating amp all major cities are posing a serious threat to healthier amp happier living conditions

The city summit of the Istanbul conference gave the call for reversing the trend of the rapid degradation amp recommended priorities for action to re-vitalize living zones

No control in urban fringe area developments and green belts are vanishing amp industries are penetrating and Cities have become faceless anonymous amp monotonous and loosing their identities amp aesthetic qualities

The process of revitalization requires a careful inventory popular perceptionadvocacy motivationsound physical amp financial assessment along with professional amp political commitment as a pre-requisite



India amp the world population

India urgently urgently needs to curb population growth

1048766 Global human population is estimated to reach between 8-10 billion by 2050 1048766 World population currently stands at 6 billion with 47 living in urban areas 1048766 By 2030 nearly 60 of the global population will be living in urban centers



Need for appropriate policies in the Indian context The concept of logical spatial order that exist in our settlement pattern

should become the crucial factor for consideration ( city vs villages) with a scaled allocation of viable population amp economic activity distribution policy

creating cleaner Urban Environments through a viable appropriate technologies which are affordable

Decentralized process of waste collection treatment amp disposal City building as a series of discrete areas which are independent of

each other as far as basic infrastructure is concerned as they contribute towards lower transportation costs amp material consumption amp thus will be more affordable to larger population

Adopting a strong environmental protection policy for air amp water with a very careful industrial location policy

Mapping of all required parameters for selecting future sites for settlement with the understanding of surrounding region



Problems of Urban communities in the indian context

The urban poor in India is about 80 millionwhich is 40 of urban population amp 65 of the urban poor are women amp children

Vast majority of urban poor cannot afford a decent living condition Over 50 of households are without latrine amp drainage

High illiteracy rateHigh infant mortality rate than urban average High enrollment in primary education BUT more than 50 drop out

rate particularly among Girls Women belong to poorest of poor They play a minimal role in

decision making with patriarchic values reinforced through traditionreligion amp other socio-political Institutions

Women have low rate of work force lack of access to inst Credit mechanismlow self esteemfear of societyamp its lawsfear of menfear of violence etc thus creating a intergenerational circle of poverty amp deprivation



Solution to problems-Urban Basic Services Program

The National commission on Urbanization in 1988 recommended Urban community development strategy as a key approach It was a UNICEF supported project targeting 500 cities amp towns

The integrated urban poverty eradication program was launched in 1994 targeting 345 class II towns( population 05 to 1 m) -UBSP is the key program component

In 1995 the program involved 65000 women volunteers in 9000 NH units to work as a community organization towards improvement amp self reliant development

The organizational structure provides the framework for BOTTOM-UP planning processIt prepares area specific plans based on an assessment of feltperceived needsmatched with available resource or other govt programs

UBSP resources are used as bridging finance for meeting Basic community needs to improve living conditions of urban poor



The status of urban poor amp future urban development The govt is determined to go ahead with the liberalization program

with the adaptation of modern technology The mass communication technology has penetrated amp has been

responsible for raising expectations faster than the socio-political system

The urban poor who desires to feel satisfied has failed to understand his relationship with individual rights amp his social responsibility of public self amp thus has failed as a social being

Increased expectations and attractions to urban regions would always leave a dearth for affordable shelter

City which comprises of mainly 2 sectors viz the core sector CBD amp the service sector As the city expands horizontally the CBD becomes larger amp the periphery gets pushed The urban poor who flock around the CBD for livelihood gets thrown out to fringes due to increased economic activity amp this increases their financial burden amp the question of sustainability The future should find solution for this phenomenon



Urban poor desires affordable housing Home ownership would give him a reason to work amp save but his income level prohibits him from achieving that statusHe spends 30 of his earnings on shelter needs and the remaining amount is insufficient for bare sustenance amp the choice left to him is to be - homeless

If at all any subsidized housing is to be provided there should be a long term controls on resale of such properties as these would be gobbled up for a different economic activity by the wealthier amp thus foil the very purpose of the policy

The problem of housing urban poor is always associated with the level of services that should be affordable amp compatible with the housing type

The elements of basic services of electricity water supply amp minimal sanitation management of waste amp marginal access to houses amp transport should be provided to prevent this housing to become a slum

Some of the planning approaches are (a)Minimum construction cost (urban poor) (b) maximum space utilization CBD (c) maximum comfort(MIG amp HIG) (d) maximum durability (public services) (e) Harmonious surroundings (public architecture)



The present govtadopted ldquo Support ldquo approach is likely to provide an economic amp affordable solution In this individual households takes hold of construction amp maintenance while the govtagencies provide at subsidized rates Sites amp Services to the urban poor

The programs amp Initiatives of govt should include 1waste reduction amp recycling 2 Energy efficiency amp renewable 3 Transportation planning amp Traffic management 4 Control on land use amp urban formation 5 Effective protection of environment amp 6 Maintenance of high amp stable levels of growth amp increased employment opportunities

The programs of govt should disseminate good practices on sustainability at urban level both at political level amp technical level raising awareness amp developing new skills of sustainable Urban development



Community participation programs



bull Good Governance ndash the capacity of local governments must be strengthened to carry out their responsibility for the equitable provision of infrastructure and services to all urban residents while planning for future growth and the capacity of provincial state and national authorities must be strengthened to ensure their critical normative roles to establish facilitating public servicespolicy environments and to rid corruption from land markets and the provision of

bull Legal System ndash property rights and security of tenure are critical to sustainable approaches to upgrading The vast majority of the residents of urban slums live without any form of secure tenure often under constant threat of eviction vitiating their ability to access credit and constraining their motivation to improve their homes and neighborhoods

Conclusions from the study



bull Financial System ndash coupled with security of tenure access to credit is key to unleashing the vast potential of the urban poor to improve their living and working environments and livelihoods Micro-credit and other facilities to expand access to credit to the poor can provide critical elements of institutional support in creating financially self-supporting and sustainable urban upgrading programs

bull Social Framework ndash community participation in the conception development financing and upgrading of infrastructure and services is a critical element of sustainable programs

bullExperience has shown that the most successful programs address community priorities


on SUSTAINABILITY at Chennai06012007

Introduction It has been our aim to Improve the quality of

life in our cities including EcologicalCultural Political Institutional amp Economic components without leaving a burden on future generations

Strong healthy livable cities depend on healthy environmentsa robust economy amp ample employment generation

The focus of this presentation is more on sensitizing the issue on SUSTAINABILITY

considering the problems of the URBAN POOR than on capacity building




Experts in science

Monitoring team


Advisory board
















becomes important

























































Migrating to city

Poor housing











































































Experts in science

Monitoring team


Advisory board
















becomes important

























































Migrating to city

Poor housing


















































































becomes important

























































Migrating to city

Poor housing
















































































becomes important

























































Migrating to city

Poor housing
































































































































Migrating to city

Poor housing




























































































































Migrating to city

Poor housing



















































































































Migrating to city

Poor housing











































































































Migrating to city

Poor housing






































































































Migrating to city

Poor housing





























































































Migrating to city

Poor housing


























































































Migrating to city

Poor housing





















































































Migrating to city

Poor housing
















































































Migrating to city

Poor housing













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Documents

Copy of sustainable urban development ppt presentation