Copy of Solar Power Plant

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³SOLAR TOWER

POWER PLANT´



There are two principal form of energy into which solar

radiation can be converted for practical applications. One is

HEAT and the other is ELECTRICITY.

Heat is obtained when solar radiation is absorbed by ablack surface. This heat may be used in two ways

that is for thermal applications like water heating, drying etc

and application involving second law of thermodynamics

like production of mechanical power and refrigeration.



SOLAR ENERGY TO ELECTRICITY

There are following two prominent

ways for conversion of solar energy to

electricity

1. Photovoltaic cell

2. Solar tower power plant





Basic principle of

operation Capacity and technical

specifications

Recent developments andfuture prospects

Feasibility of the projectsfor our country

Advantages Disadvantages



PRINCIPLE AND WORKING

Solar radiation is focused to a centralreceiver (boiler) mounted on a tall tower using thousands of heliostats.

The heliostats are oriented in sucha way that all the incident light beams arereflected towards the same point .

This beam radiations are incidenton boiler is absorbed by black pipes inwhich working fluid circulates and is

heated.



Advanced WF:Therminol-66,Carolina HT-43





SUB SYSTEMS

The total system is divided into five subsystem

The field of oriented mirror The receiver sub system

The heat transport sub system The thermal storage sub system The heat conversion sub system



THE FIELD OF ORIENTED MIRRORS

The mirrors used are heliostats. Heliomeans sun. heliostats are nothing butreflecting surfaces which can be steered

relative to the position of sun with respectto earth.

Tracking of mirrors :

Flat mirrors are mounted inthe centre or rigid columns. Two actuatorsprovided for movement of heliostats.



These are controlled by two methods.

1. By the help of central commandcomputer following a fixed program.

2. A signal command is given by an

optical sensor which is incorporated inthe mirror.



THE RECEIVER SUBSYSTEM

It is placed on the top which has a heatabsorbing surface. It is of two types

1. Cavity type:Here solar radiation enter through an

aperture at the bottom of the cavity whichconsists of pipes.

2. External receiver type:

The absorber surface in this case areon the exterior of a cylindrical structure.



THE HEAT TRANSPORT SUBSYSTEM

Two basic thermodynamic cycles are used

1. Brayton cycle :- Brayton cycle is used when

working fluid is gas.

2. Rankine cycle :- Rankine cycle is usedwhen working fluid is water.

In the receiver the working fluid receivesheat energy increases its temp & pressure.Then it is piped to the ground level & drivesa turbine generator.





THE HEAT STORAGE SUBSYSTEM

Thermal storage subsystem is required tostore excess solar heat energy absorbed bythe receiver during the periods of greatestsolar incidence which is to be used later.

For short term heat can be stored byfire bricks, ceramic oxides, fused salts &

liquid lithium.

For long term we can use thermoclineslike liquid sulphur.



SINGLE TANK STORAGE SYSTEM



Tower 3000 feet high, 400 feet

Diameter Concrete 750,000 cubic yardsCollector 3.5 miles diameter (30 million

square yards) glass/plasticfilm/polycarbonateTurbines 32 units x 6.25 MegawattLand 20.25 square miles (4.5 x 4.5)

Construction 34 monthsJobs 2700+ (Construction),

15 (on going). Output 200 Megawatts (200,000

house holds)

SPECIFICATION & CAPACITY



Feasibility in our country

Indian government decisiononly to import coal, makes thethermal power a lot more

expensive.For the present boom in our economy the government has

to solve the power with longterm investments.The Thar desert in Rajasthanhas to be utilized with such

projects



R ecent developments and future

prospects Australian governmentrecently(02.08.2006) approved this

project , called ´solar missionµAs per its 200Mwatt capacity its setup cost of 800m$ will be recovered in23 years.spain ,German and Israel Govt areconsidering this project for its cleanenergy.



ADVANTAGES

1. It requires no traditional fuel.

2. Nontraditional solar energy is used whichis renewable.

3. Running cost is low as no fuel is used.

4. In a Solar thermal power plant, eachsquare meter of mirror produces upto500Kwh of electricity per year avoiding 12

tons of Carbondioide emission and saving 2.5tons of fossil fuel over 25 years lifetime



DISADVANTAGES

1. Initial cost for setup is very high i.e.about 2 to 3 times more than fossil fuelplant.

2. Large area (about 30,000sq.m) for setup.



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Copy of Solar Power Plant