Index 357

Indexactivated alumina, 135abstraction, 191activated-carbon, 348adsorb nutrients, 118adsorption, 338advective migration, 192Agati Island, 312algae (chlorophylls), 12alluvial aquifer, 192analog models, 194analytical element method, 206analytical solution, 156, 200anisotropic, 156apparent resistivity, 30aquifer parameters (T & S), 61aquifer response, 190aquifer storage and recovery (ASR), 112,

337aquifer, 285aquitard, 286aquiclude, 62archaean ages, 157arid climate, 157array, 29arsenic contamination, 128arsenicism, 128arsenate, 142arsenic, 137arsenite, 143artificial recharge, 3, 191, 337asymptotic value, 89augmentation, 112, 191, 337automatic inversion, 44

Badon Ghyleen-Herzberg, 286, 287barometric effects, 302Barretts indexing technique, 17basement rock, 53basic functions, 206, 322basin hydrology, 6bedrock ridge, 58bedrock topography, 57bedrock, 158

benzene, 115betex, 115bias, 252biodegradation, 245biotite granite, 161bipole-bipole array, 29block estimation, 101bootstrapping, 264borehole logging, 314borehole silting, 59Botswana, 214Boulton, 173boundary conditions, 77, 220, 290

cables, 32calculated variogram, 84calibration, 8chemical analysis, 289chemical spills, 342chemicals, 12clays, 31climate change, 294clogging of bore wells, 337clogging, 113cloud characteristics, 13coastal watershed, 295colluvial sediments, 129common effluent treatment plant (CETP),

349community management, 335compacted clay, 343computer modeling, 44concentration gradient, 192conceptual models, 238conditional simulation, 80conductive fracture zone, 156, 165conductive sphere, 38conductivity, 301confined aquifer, 62, 205connectivity, 159courant numbers, 246contaminant transport, 115contaminants, 243

358 Index

coral atolls, 313coralline atolls, 291correlation coefficient, 243covariance, 82cross covariance, 80cross validation, 84cryolite, 136current, 29

Darcys law, 67, 294, 307Darcian velocity, 194data acquisition, 10data error, 253Death valley, 271debt trap, 191defluordiation, 135delayed yield, 173demographic pressures, 298dental enamel, 129deterministic methods, 80dielectric properties, 14digital data bases, 10digital elevation models (DEM), 7digital image processing, 9digital techniques, 4Dindigul, 55dipole-dipole array, 30dipping beds, 39discontinuity, 159dissolved organic matter (DOM), 12double continuum, 169double logarithmic scale, 45double porosity model, 156, 168drainage density, 5drawdowns, 67drought years, 335Dupuit formula, 165

earth resistivity, 28, 316eco-friendly technology, 351effective porosity, 292effluent, 113electric analog, 190electrical imaging, 50electrical potential, 27electrode spacing, 33, 36electrodes, 32electromagnetic profiling, 54, 317

electromagnetic radiation, 11electronegative, 129electronic conduction, 31empirical techniques, 44energy balance equation, 11expected value (ensemble average), 81erosion, 158error variance, 253evapo-transpiration, 13, 253experimental variogram, 83

finite difference method, 53, 76, 201finite element models, 320finite element, 190, 204first-order reactions, 245flood control, 10flood plain mapping, 10flow meter, 156fluoride, 103, 129four electrode array, 30Frac3DVS software, 212FracMan software, 211fractional dimension flow solution, 160fracture density, 158fracture properties, 156fractures, 53frequency domain electromagnetic

method (FDEM), 317

Galerkin method, 206, 321, 323Gauss-Newton method, 241generalized radial flow, 177generic models, 189geochemical process, 136geoelectrical sounding, 50Geographic Information System (GIS), 1geological structure, 4, 31geology, 3geometric transformation, 9geomorphic features, 6geomorphological processes, 158geomorphology, 3geophysical methods, 314geo-purification, 114geostationary satellites, 13geostatistics, 78Ghyben-Herzberg, 313Godavari Delta, 310

Index 359

Greens theorem, 324Gringarten method, 176groundwater management, 191groundwater modeling, 1, 157groundwater pollution, 191groundwater restoration, 343Groundwater Vistas, 210Grout curtains, 344

hand pump, 58hard rock aquifer, 156hard rock, 35hazard-free, 352hazardous wastes, 339, 352heavy metals (metalloids), 137heavy metals, 351hexavalent chromium, 343Hele-Shaw physical model, 190high islands, 291histogram, 164homogeneous half-space, 33horizontal traversing, 34hydraulic conductivity, 5hydraulically conductive fractures, 164hydrodynamic properties, 156, 157hydrodynamic dispersion, 192, 290hydrogeology, 2hydrofluoric acid, 136hydrological modeling, 3hydrological variables, 80hypertension, 144

impedance, 31inductive coupling, 32infiltration, 112infrared images, 13ingress of saline water, 190initial conditions, 220injection test, 165injection, 112interactive computer modeling, 44interpolation, 79interpretation techniques, 93interpretive models, 189intrinsic hypothesis, 82inverse methods, 238inverse modeling, 239ionic conduction, 31irregular function, 80

Jack knifing, 264

Kalahari beds, 216Kavaratti Island, 313keratosis, 138Kodaganar, 55Kriging, 78Kulandaipatty, 56Kumyere river valley, 214

Laccadive Islands, 312leachate, 339lag, 83lagoons, 313Lagrangian multiplier, 87Lake Ontario, 309Lambton county, 307land fills, 339land use, 11landsat, 17landscape roughness, 11latent heat flux, 11lineament, 58linear confidence, 253linear drift, 96logarithmic drift, 79longitudinal conductance, 48longitudinal dispersivity, 306low islands, 291

macroscopic dispersion, 289Maheswaram, 161Maheswaram watershed, 90management models, 303management of groundwater resources,

334mass transport, 303mathematical modeling, 200Mathinipatty, 57mechanical filtration, 338melanosis, 138metamorphic rocks, 104method of characteristics, 247, 331metrosat data, 14micro-biological pollution, 191microwave radiometer, 14mineralization of bones, 129

360 Index

mineralogical analysis, 122miscible fluids, 298MMOC, 247MOC, 207model calibration, 221, 237model error, 253model predictions, 238, 254MODFLOW, 201, 239MODPATH, 207molecular diffusion, 289molecular diffusivity, 304monsoon climatic regions, 191moving neighbourhood, 89MT3D, 207MT3DMS, 247multi component reactive transport, 244multicore cables, 32multi-layer, 206multiple stakes, 32multivariate, 79

NAPSAC, 213Navier-Stokes equation, 174nested models, 84Neuman technique, 174nitrification, 114non-conductors, 31non-continuum, 190non-linear regression, 238non-point sources, 296non-randomness, 252non-symmetric, 330nugget effect, 86numerical dispersion, 204numerical modeling, 80numerical models, 302numerical simulation, 190nutrients, 118

objective function, 239offset Wenner electrode, 38Ohms law, 195Okavango Delta, 215ordinary kriging, 103organic pollution, 191over-exploitation, 191, 335

packers, 300parameter correlation coefficients (PCC),

257parameter uncertainty, 256partial differential equation, 204particle tracking, 245percolation tanks, 4permeability, 17, 156PEST, 239phosphorous, 141physical models, 115, 193physiography, 292plume treatment, 345point sources, 296pollution sources, 296porosity, 31porous medium, 158, 190post-audits, 256, 265post-monsoon, 91potential electrode, 41pre-cambrian, 157predictor-corrector (P-C), 247prediction scaled sensitivities (PSS), 257prediction scenario runs, 222prediction sensitivities, 256predictive model, 189pre-monsoon, 91prevalence, 144probabilistic framework, 81pseudo-depth, 51pseudo-section, 51pulsed DC instruments, 32pumping test, 64, 159

quadrilateral elements, 307

radar remote sensing, 14radial flow, 164, 165radio-active decay, 338rainfall, 295rainfall recharge, 91random errors, 47random function, 81random walk model, 247randomness, 9range, 83reaction kinetics, 115realizations, 81

Index 361

recharge wells, 113recovery, 122redox reactions, 117regional scale, 238regionalized variables, 78remote sensing, 1representative elementary volume (REV),

330resistance meters, 32resistance-capacitance (R-C) analog

model, 195resistivity techniques, 59retardation, 243reverse osmosis, 135river Kodaganar, 55RMS error, 221rock matrix, 159runoff models, 16runoff, 295rural drinking water management, 352

saltwater intrusion, 296, 302satellite imagery, 59scale effect, 179Scatter plot, 221Schlumberger, 29seawater intrusion, 193, 288secondary fracture network, 157semi-arid climate, 157semi-confined aquifer, 63sensitivity analysis, 237septic tanks, 338silicate mineral, 129sill, 83simultaneous equations, 330site-scale, 238skeletal fluorosis, 132slug tests, 157slurry wall, 344soil aquifer treatment (SAT), 114, 337soil cover, 292soil heat flux, 11soil moisture, 11, 13solar radiation, 11, 14solid waste management, 351sounding curve interpretation, 44space, 99spatial data, 10

spatial parameters, 80spatial variability, 80specific yield, 174spectral properties, 12stationarity, 82statistical distribution, 156steady state, 64steady state calibration, 221stochastic models, 9storativity, 17, 61submarine groundwater discharge, 286surface parameters, 11surface runoff, 295surface spreading, 337Sutra model, 304SUTRA, 210

Taylors series, 196tectonic activity, 158tectonically fractured areas, 159tectono-geomorphic model, 159Theis type curve, 70thematic layers, 4theoretical variogram, 84thermal properties, 12thermal radiation, 12thermodynamic properties, 244tidal effects, 302time, 9time domain electromagnetic method

(TDEM), 317toluene, 115tomography, 50topography, 295total dissolved solids (TDS), 191total suspended solids, 191total variation diminishing (TVD), 247toxicological, 133transient solution, 160transition zone, 289transmissive function, 158transmissivity, 18, 61transverse dispersivity, 306transverse resistance, 48traversing, 34triangular elements, 306true resistivity, 36

362 Index

turbidity, 12two-layer curve, 36

Ucode, 239unbiased condition, 86unbounded variogram, 92uncertainties, 10uncertainty evaluation, 237unconfined aquifer, 285unconsolidated weathered mantle, 159uncropped dry fields, 58un-fractured, 54unique neighbourhood, 89universal kriging, 89unsaturated soil zone, 192, 238unsaturated zone, 296unsteady state condition, 64

vadose zone, 114, 337Vaippar river basin, 85validation, 237value of improved information (voii)

statistic 262v-anomalies, 52vapour-extraction, 348variance, 78

variographic analysis, 85variogram, 79vector format, 9velocity, 164vertical electrical sounding, 30, 35Virudalaipatty, 57virus concentration, 266viscous fluid models, 194volatilization, 338volcanic rocks, 291voltage, 29voltmeter, 31

waste water, 118water borne disease, 338water interception, 294water related issues, 10water resources, 1, 6watershed, 156, 295weathered fractured medium, 156weathering, 54weighted residual, 241well storage, 76Wenner array, 29Wenner sounding, 37Winflow, 211