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EnergyTour November 2009 1
Copenhagen Energy Summit
Energy Tour
District Heating in Denmark
Mr Jan Elleriis, Vice President, Metropolitan Copenhagen Heating
Transmission CompanyCTR I/S
Days Programme
• Status DH in Denmark• Heat Plan Denmark• DH in Copenhagen
– The CTR system– Heat Plan Greater Copenhagen
• Visit Control room and peak load station
EnergyTour November 2009 2
EnergyTour November 2009 3
Heating Installations in Dwellings
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1981 1990 2000 2008
1000 Units
Oil Boilers Natural Gas Boilers District Heating Other
District heating covers 60 %
Long tradition for DH in Denmark
More than 450 DH companies in DK
EnergyTour November 2009 4
Production of District Heating by Type of Producer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1980 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '08
PJ
Large-scale CHP Units Small-scale CHP Units
District Heating Units Autoproducers, CHP
Autoproducers, Heat only
EnergyTour November 2009 5
CHP Proportion of Electricity and District Heating Production
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '08
District Heating Electricity
EnergyTour November 2009 6
Composition of Fuels in District Heating Production
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '08
Oil Natural Gas Coal Renewable Energy and Waste
EnergyTour November 2009 7
Regulation in the sector
High political responsibility
Government
• Energy policy• CHP strategy• Legislation• Taxation• Subsidies
Municipalities
• Heat planning• Implementation
of projects• Compulsory
connection to DH
EnergyTour November 2009 8
Legal framework for DH in Denmark
• Monopoly business – no competition
• Non profit business• Well-defined delimitation to
natural gas• Municipal possibility for forced
connection of users to DH• Prices from CHP shall be
reasonable
Heat Plan Denmark
• Anders Dyrelund
EnergyTour November 2009 9
EnergyTour November 2009 10
The Greater Copenhagen DH system
18 municipalities
4 integrated DH systems
500,000 end – users
34,500 TJ (9,600 GWh, 32,700 GBtu)
Approx 20 % heat demand in Denmark
EnergyTour November 2009 11
Existing Heat Production Capacity
• 4 Waste to heat, 400 MW
• 4 CHP, 1.800 MW– 7 units– Steam turbines– Gas turbines– Coal, oil, gas, straw,
wood pillars• 1 Geothermal, 14 MW• Several peak and
reserve HOB
EnergyTour November 2009 12
Design Concept
Base load Production
TransmissionSystem
DistributionSystems
Heat exchangers
CHP, Waste to heat,Surplus heat fromindustries
Booster pumps Global peak load
Localpeak load
End users
EnergyTour November 2009 13
CTR commercial structure
• Maintenance of technical system• Construction of new lines and stations• Operation of transmission system• Operation of peak load plants (heat only
boilers)• Operation of 24 hour dispatch centre
(also for local DH systems)• Load dispatch (CHP and peak load)• Heat purchase and sale• Yearly turnover 1.5 billion DKK
EnergyTour November 2009 14
Corporate governance
• Joint municipal company• Small organisation
– 2 directors– 11 technical staff– 8 administrative staff– 8 dispatch operators
• Physical maintenance and operation out sourced to local DH companies and private contractors
• Planning, design and supervision by consultant
EnergyTour November 2009 15
Fuel consumption
WasteGeothermalCHP biomassCHP fossil fuelPeak oil
Fuel consumption 2008
47 % based on CO2-neutral fuel
EnergyTour November 2009 16
Marginal CO2 emission end-user level
0102030405060708090
kg/GJ
Individual oil CTR 1989 CTR 2007
CO2
Reduction 64 %
Savings 74 %
Savings 1,000,000 t CO2
EnergyTour November 2009 17
Heat Plan Greater CopenhagenPurpose of Project
• To secure a reasonable development in heat priceand energy efficiency on the long run and at the same time maintain security of supply.
• To put focus on the role of DH when talking about CO2 reduction and renewable energy in the local society.
• To evaluate consequence on economic and macro economic issues on short and long run
• To generate interest for the development of the DH system in the Greater Copenhagen Area.
• To propagate the role of the DH companies.
• Is it realistic to reach 70 % RE in the DH system before 2025
Four Scenarios
• Reference (existing plants and technology)
• Distributed and savings (reduced heat demand
and local production of heat)
• Increased heat marked (conversion of natural
gas to DH)
• RE, savings and conversion (combination with
energy savings and conversion of natural gas)
EnergyTour November 2009 18
Fuels for district heatingReference scenario 2025
0
5
10
15
20
Coal Oil Waste Natural gas Biomass Geothermal
PJ/y
ear 2010
2015
2020
2025
19EnergyTour November 2009
CO2 emissions in 2025compared with the reference in 2010
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
Reference 2010 Reference Distributed and sav. Increased heat market RE, sav. and conv.
Mill
. ton
CO
2/ye
ar
Waste Coal Natural gas Oil Individual heating
20EnergyTour November 2009
Share of renewables in the heat production in 2025
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Reference - 2010 Reference Distributed and sav. Increased heat market RE, sav., and conv.
Waste Biomass Solar Surplus heat Geothermal
21EnergyTour November 2009