Cooperation UMN‐

Bioforsk, UMB Response to Climate Change‐

system 

approach  (new team )

• Follow up Visit to Norway 10‐

12 June 2009.

• Follow up meeting in Minnesota september 2008 – Climate change‐

Norwegian cooperation 

• Agriculture‐

GHG‐

sources and measures

• Agriculture‐

effects‐

positive and negative

• Agriculture‐

measures, mitigation

• Short‐Long term perspective?

• Wait and see‐

adapt when changes come

• Risk planning, new development

• Short term‐

extreme weather

• long term‐

adaptation of

– production systems

Climate change‐

agriculture‐

focus on:

What will this agricultural landscape look like after some decades 

New possibilities

Longer growing 

season

Higher yields

New sortsnew crops food,  

energy, other 

purposes 

Increased  area 

special crops, 

changed tillage

Better quality

climate labelling

Different management practices

Green house gas emissions

Carbon sequestrations- Agriculture of the solution ?

Need for research focusing on ecosystems, production systems etc

Need to increase food production- increasing population and at same ti reduce emissions

Some possibilities … and WE have  water 

Longer growing season, milder climate

Change in climate –

change in plant diseases, pests , weeds, 

need for identification, warning, recommendations of pesticide 

use or other measures

South eastern Norway‐

cereal productions‐

EROSION        March 

Green house gas emissions

Spreading of manure, N2O 

lossesMethane ‐

animals 

St.meld. nr. 39  (WHITE  PAPER) 

(2008–2009) 

Klimautfordringene –

landbruket en del av løsningen 

Climate challenges‐

agriculture‐

part of the solution

Follow up 2010:Ministry of 

agriculture and 

food: Priority  to 

carbon storage in 

soil

Cooperation to USA 

and Canada. 

Minnesota  specific 

mentioned

Response to climate change- system approaches (comparative studies )

”Reimagining agriculture and forestry”

• Comparative research‐

based on case studies  (Norway and Minnesota )– different working teams can develop cooperation, such as: 

• Effects of climate change on production systems‐

positive and negative effects 

(identification of effects‐

documentation –

methods‐

monitoring)• Adaptation to changed climate: preventing unwanted effects, development of 

new management practices (pesticides‐

plant protection, pollution‐

soil tillage. 

Positive effects‐

longer growing season‐

changes cropping area/season, 

possibilities new crops )

• Special focus: Greenhouse gases‐

budget farm level‐

comparison of production 

system and management practices‐

measures to reduce gas emissions . Carbon 

sequestration.

• Special focus :  (Winter ) hydrology in catchments‐

runoff pathways‐

methods• Special focus‐

environmental effects‐

pollution‐

erosion,N,P

losses‐

effects of 

management practices‐

water quality  (soil tillage, crops, drainage, )• Special focus‐

watershed engineering‐

extreme events‐

runoff control‐

dimentioning

of pipe systems, control with surface runoff• Project cooperation, research exchange

Focus on working with scenarios, risk assessment, planning tools, modelling, 

monitoring systems

Workshop 30 Sept‐

2 October

• Discussion of cooperation for some of theses  ideas

• Comparing joint research/interest

• Establish contact between researchers  /groups

• Suggestions for further cooperation• Establish team/focus groups

Cases in Norway

• Agricultural Monitoring  catchments

• Crop system –field trials

• Buffer zones• Constructed wetlands• Cultural landscape• Urban runoff, highways, airport…..

Geographical location of monitoring stations. Agricultural Environmental  Monitoring      

Programme‐

(JOVA)

Monitoring catchments from the National Environmental Monitoring

programme 

JOVA (presented by Johannes Deelstra later )

For each field  

information on:

Crop

Soil management

Fertiliser

Manure

Yield

Pesticides

Monitoring catchments  with different climate, soil and  production systems

Examples from 3 

of the monitoring 

catchments

The Skuterud

catchment

‐

Ås• 450 ha – 270 ha arable land• 9 farms, 50 fields• Marine deposits: silty clay loam, silt loam, loam• Marine shore deposits: loam, loamy sand, sand

The Vandsemb

catchment

‐ Nes

• Subcatchment

in the larger Mørdre

catchment

• 5 ha

• A single farm field

• Level plain: lacustrine

deposits, silt

• Artificially levelled ravine valley: marine deposits, silty

clay loam

• Situated by lake Mjøsa

• 260 m above sea level, 120 km north of Oslo

• 46 ha land + 34 ha rented, possibility for irrigation

• Field trials, both on own land and administrating trials in the Extension services (approx. 450 trials)

Apelsvoll

Apelsvoll Field  trial (1989‐

2009 and  continuing )

Crop production 

systemsEnergy cropsFertilisingMeasurement of 

runoff, nutrient 

losses…….

Dyrkingssystemforsøket20 år med data: 1989-2009• Målinger av

Avlinger og kvalitetNæringsstoffavrenning/utvaskingJordkjemi, -fysikk, -biologi

• Analyser av Miljøeffektiv matproduksjonØkonomiBærekraft

Ekstern finansieringMiljøverndep.: 1988-1993Landbruksdep.: 1988-1996Hydro/Yara: 1988- d.d.

Unik forsøksdesign, velkjent forsøk i inn‐

og 

utland

• 18 artikler i internasjonale tidsskrift med referee

• Mer enn 30 artikler i nasjonale og internasjonale tidsskrift (proceedings, populærvitenskapelige artikler, etc.)

• Over 100 presentasjoner av forsøket på Apelsvoll (5-10 pr. år) i forbindelse med besøk av ulike norske og utenlandske grupper (forskere, veiledere, bønder, landbruksbasert næringsliv, forvaltning, studenter, skoleelever)

Brukes i ulike studier

Newly established‐

plants will increase efficiency

Constructed wetlands. 

Sedimentation

ponds, buffer zones

Stormwater

and roads ‐

dimensioning for climate  change

ClimRunoff

Photo: OSL

1 km0

N

De-icing chemicals:Kilfrost - planes,

PropyleneglycolCH3 -CH(OH)-CH2 (OH)

Clearway1 - runways, Potassium FormateCOOHK

Research area1: Oslo airport Gardermoen, OSL

Subteams‐

focus groups

• Hydrology

Carbon

• Agricultural landscapes Natural/cultural 

landscapes‐ biodiversity 

Focus Carbon ‐

soils

• carbon balance• water use  ‐

water quality 

• greenhouse gas ‐

agricultural systems

• agricultural production systems‐

food and energy 

production‐

minimal losses GHG and reduced impact on 

water quality• management practices• Methods decribing

soil organic carbon, retention 

time..exchange

processes soil organic materiale

• Biochar•

Erosion , runoff, gas exchange, environment for plant growthWater and gas in soil, root 

development

Forest

Agriculture

Human factors: Land use, agricultural practices,  engineering 

practices, forestry

Precipitation Atmosphere (gas)

Energy (temp. and 

radiation)

Bioklima: an infrastructure proposal  for cold climate 

research on ecosystems, 

UMB, Bioforsk, Forest and landscape

Quantify the hydrological cycle 

Climate Change

Land use Change

Peak discharge

Halm til biovarme

Ragnar EltunBioforsk Øst Apelsvoll

Bioenergy from crop  residues

Ragnar EltunBioforsk Øst Apelsvoll

Bioenergy heating 

system at Apelsvoll

Yearly heating requirement: 

308 000 kWh

Straw furnace: 500 kW

Water tank: 50 000 L + 10 000 L 

network of pipes

Straw requirements:  

92 tonn= 42 ha = 330 round bales

Stoking: 

Normally 3 times a week

Straw storage facilites are going to be 

built

Heating costs: 72 øre/kWh

Invitation‐

see climate impact on glaciers New team –response to  climate change

Or Climate  effect on peatland

• Svanhovd , Near to Russia 

• Brown Bear• Visit Russia • National PARK• Bioforsk Conference Senter

Team 11 reporting

Alternatives:

Response to climate change‐

system approach

Reimagining agriculture and forestry‐response  to climate change (suggested sept 08 )

Reinventing agriculture‐

response to climate  change

Landscape systems to adress climate change – through the management of landscape systems 

• Agriculture Landscape

Terrestrial

• Forestry

Systems

Watershed• Climate/climate change

Ecosystem

• Response Mitigate

• Ecosystem services

Management• Human Impacts

Target 

Landscape systems to adress climate changeLSACC

Program • WEDNESDAY 30 September• 11:30‐

1:00 Lunch              335 Borlaug

Hall• 1:00‐

2:00. Opening Session (all teams)   335 Borlaug

Hall• 2:00‐2:30  Break 

• 2:30 ‐

5:30. Work shop‐

Session I  (UMN‐

; UMB, Bioforsk)  • 2:30 – 3:15. Introduction of ideas of the new team (11) . Response to climate change‐

system • approaches  (comparative studies ).  Presentation of Bioforsk. Lillian Øygarden

.• 3:15‐

3:45. Catchment

Monitoring‐

JOVA programme‐

related research‐

cooperation possibilities . • Johannes Deelstra.       • 3:45‐4:00 Break • 4:00 4:30 David Mulla

UMN, Present project to identify where biofuel

basins and buffers can    • help purify agricultural waters before they reach the rivers and

lakes.• 4:30 5:00. Mary Williams "Decoupling Minnesota's natural and artificial watersheds." • 5:00 ‐

5:30. Planning of best management practices  agricultural areas

‐

Norway‐

Lillian Ø• 6:30‐

08:30 Joint dinner for the teams.  Cargill Bldg.Atrium

Thursday 1 October 08:00- 08: 30. Breakfast R 380. Seminar Room, Vo Tech Build.08:30- 11:30 Workshop Session II Vo Tech bldg. other TBA8:30- 9:00: Winter hydrology – ongoing research . Helen French.

( Airport, transport, urban, infiltration , methods, modeling ).9:00- 09:30. Bruce Wilson : Overview projects: WATER, winter- groundwater, weather generator..

09:30 - 10:00 Gary Feyereisen :Experimental System for Simulating Freeze-thaw Cycles.”10-30- 11:00 Cooperation possibilities. Climate change and winter hydrology present and future collaboration. Helen French 11:00- 11:30. Don Wyse: Improving agriculture- polyculture agriculture.

11:30- 12:30 Separate lunch

12:30- 16:00 Work session II 12:30- 13:00 Johannes Deelstra. Hydrological modeling agricultural systems - how to include drainage systems 13:00- 13:30. Craig Sheaffer: Grazing and harvesting systems.

13:30- 14:15. Jason Hill, Tracy Twine , Dylan Millett ; "Comparing the full cost of transportation fuel alternatives". (keywords: Life cycle and full cost accounting of new practices (food and biofuel: production and use). Research - climate – bioenergy . 14:15 - 14.45 Bioforsk work related to “carbon projects “ and Bioenergy crops. Presented by Lillian Ø. (depending on interest ) 15:00 - 18:00 Tour visiting on-campus experiments that relate to the goals of the workshop and learn of results. Organized by Clarence Lehman

18:00- 20.30 Workshop dinner for the teams and invited guests . Weissman Art Museum

Friday 2 October

08:30‐

10:30 : Continued discussions about future cooperation.Research‐

Carbon storage – soils . Possibilities to follow up the 

White Paper of Ministry of Agriculture and Food . Climate change‐

agriculture part of the solution and the focus on ”Carbon – soils”.

10:30 . Reporting  with the other teams

Participants:  Wednesday and Thursday: Bioforsk:  3: Helen French, Johannes Deelstra, Lillian ØygardenUMN; 8 Clarence Lehman, Jason Hill, Bruce Wilson, David Mulla,  Gary 

Feyereisen, Mary Williams, Tracy Twine, Don Wyse, 

Friday: UMN. John Baker…..

Topics for future collaborationFocus Hydrology: Hydrological pathways as influenced by climate change

Nutrient losses

,     Erosion

Separation of flowpaths: Base flow, Drain flow,  Surface flow,…separate by isotope analysisPaper: compare flow separation approaches 

Extreme weather events for different Norwegian regions using meteorological network data 

and the WINDS model combined with down scaled climate scenarios from the Meteorological 

institute

What will happen to groundwater recharge?

Effect of scale and climate change on watershed management (agriculture, future)

Climate change and effect on drainage design. Urban areas‐

storm water‐

rain gardens

Controlled drainage and climate change and the effect on release

of N2O and phosphorus…

Ecosystem approach to climate change issues (hydrology, plants, carbon sequestration…)Decoupling natural  and artificial watersheds 

PLAN 2010:Helen – Oct  09‐application to NRC‐

NORKLIMA about  new project based 

on cooperation excisting

project cooperation with UMN (Climrunoff).Project working title:

Extreme weather in small catchments, 

consequences for transport infrastructure and peri‐urban settlements

Some of the research areas identified can during  2010  develop into 

more contact, collaboration and  projects depending on e.g

project 

applications and available funding opportunities.  

Focus  Carbon in soils

Carbon sequestration: possibilities in agriculture‐

effect of cropping systems, soil tillage 

management, biochar. 

Modelling carbon sequestration

Comparison Carbon ‐

research‐

UMN –

UMB, Bioforsk–

Norway

Metods charcterization soil organic matter , mineralization……

Peatlands – Carbon

Fate  of biochar in soil. Lab, plot cale, modeling 

GHG gasses –

management practicesLinking carbon‐

hydrology2010.Application to NRC (sept 08 );

Biochar

additions in Norway: effects on soil quality 

properties and carbon storage potential in agricultural soils (AGRIchar). UMN participant 

in application.

Focus response to climate change. System approach

• Effects of climate change on  ecosystems‐

agricultural productions, cultural 

landscape (documentation, methods, monitoring, risk planning, recommendations..)

– positive effects 

– negative effects

• Adaptation to changed climate:– preventing unwanted effects, 

– development of new management practices (pesticides‐

plant protection, pollution‐

soil tillage.

– Positive effects‐

longer growing season‐

changes cropping area/season, possibilities new crops 

• Carbon sequestrations- Agriculture part of the solution ? Green house gas emissions

• Need to increase food production- increasing population and at same time reduce emissions

• Suggest  workshop : invite different disciplines – integrated systems 

approach. Soil‐

water‐

plant‐

landscape…….. (linked to another conference )

• Focusing on parallell projects, catchment comparisons 

FUTURE COLLABORATION  

QUESTIONS AND OPTIONS

Prepared by Helen French

Common issues

• Water infiltration and dynamics in soil, winter conditions• Surface run‐off, erosion and dimensioning guidelines, winter conditions• Contaminants; 

– Transport sector: de‐icing chemicals, road contaminants, – Waste sites, waste water, – Agricultural contaminants; pesticides, nutrients (N and P),

• Monitoring techniques– Subsurface: geophysical techniques, groundwater –

logging (tunnel building)– Surface: JOVA (Johannes will say more…)

• Modelling activities– Subsurface: SUTRA, Modflow, COMSOL multiphysics– Surface/water shed: LISEM, SWAT, – Risk tools: P‐index, GIS‐tools, INCA‐P/N

? Experimental work:K(Sw,Temp)Aggregate stability

? Transport sector:           Combination of point/line source over large areaErosionMaintenanceDimensioning? Challenge:

monitoring during frozen  conditions 

? Modelling:Realistic boundary conditions –

climatescenarios time‐resolutionModel comparisonDifferences in available data?REV‐REA – how to determine?Upscaling

Climate zones  in Norway

Funding opportunities in Norway• The Norwegian Research council

– Research projects– Various exchanges options: Yggdrasil

• The EU– Collaborative projects: Not fund USA partner activities –

but can be included 

in advisory boards etc.

– Marie Curie scholarships (mainly Europe)

• Fulbright scholarships (north America‐Norway)• Leiv

Erikson

funds (north America‐Norway)

• Ministry of Agriculture….

• Nordic funding options

• Twinned projects; funding from Norway and USA

NORKLIMA:Project working title:

Extreme 

weather in small catchments, 

consequences for transport 

infrastructure and peri‐urban 

settlementsObjective/goals:Suggest measures for site‐specific 

risk reduction related to extreme 

weather; flooding along roads, 

railroads and buildings in peri‐urban 

areas. Develop tools for improved 

land‐use management and planning.