Cool with the sun and save 60% of your power SALES PRESENTATION

Cool with the sun and save 60% of your power

SALES PRESENTATION

2All rights reserved

Index – we are running along the most interesting questions

1. Who is Sedna Aire ?

2. What does SolarCool from Sedna Aire offer you ?

3. What types of air conditioning exists ?

4. What is the basic technology of SolarCool ?

5. What is the sales proposition of SolarCool ?

7. How to size the air conditioner properly and why is this important ?

8. What are the most common questions by the customers ?


Chapter 1









Sedna Aire is the inventor, patent owner of the SolarCoolTM technology and sole distributor

• Technology developed by James P. Hammond

• Founded 2009 under the name Sedna Aire in Florida, USA

• Subsidiaries in USA, Asia, Africa and now in Europe

• Distribute solely solar air conditioners, decentral solar power generator, solar thermal hot water kits

• Cooperates with strong and highly reputated manufacturers of air conditioners

• Over 5000 installations worldwide within 3 years from the scratch

• US Patent US 2012/0117986 applied May 2012, internationally rolled-out, others to come

1


The aim of Sedna Aire specializes in one-of-a-kind alternative energy products which allow you to differentiate yourself from competition

What we want:

• The vision of Sedna Aire lies on energy reduction

• We want to create products for the consumer which really make a difference

• We want to be an efficient company focusing on new developments

• We cooperate with strong partners and share our strengths

• We fancy simple, straight forward processes and responsibilities

• We want to enjoy our business

1


Sedna Aire is not interested in commoditized products, markets and processes

We avoid:

• Commoditized products and markets

• Contest for the cheapest product compared to other non-solar products

• Unclear processes, responsibilities with our partners

• Non-integer partners

1


Chapter 2









The product range from Sedna Aire covers currently SolarCool, solar thermal in conjunction with SolarCool, Mobile off grid systems and solar security systems

2

SolarCool

Cooling with the sun

Europe and non-EU (CE-regulation)

SolarHeat

In combination with SolarCool: heat the water

Non-EU (CE-regulation)

SolarPower

Mobile off-grid system:Make electricity from sun


SolarSecurity

Mobile off-grid system:Protect your property



SolarCool offers the customer a way to reduce its energy costs dramatically and cope with increasing demands on energy efficiencies of the buildings

• SolarCool air conditioners save 60% of the energy compared to non-solar air conditioners

• The focus of SolarCool is on customer’s energy reduction

• SolarCool products help the customers to meet increasing demands on energy efficiency of the buildings, e.g. Leed certification

• SolarCool products give the customer a “green” and sustainable reputation

• SolarCool products are only slightly more expensive (mainly for the smaller products) due to the additional solar panel, but the add-on is small

• SolarCool is not interested in the “contest for the cheapest air conditioner of the world”

• SolarCool air conditioners allow the customer to earn back his investment within very few years out of saved energy expenses

2

Under the bottom-line: Smart customers looking after operational costs go for SolarCool


Chapter 3



3. What types of air conditioning exists ?4. What is the basic technology of SolarCool ?





Cooling by absorptionCooling by Compression

Two big principles of “technical” air conditioning exist now

• The classical “fridge” process

• Deploys the effect that an evaporating fluid sucks heat from the environment

• A refrigerant runs through a thermodynamic process, where the refrigerant evaporates at a certain step

• Used for big applications

• Deploys the effect that an evaporating fluid sucks heat from the environment

• Chemical process

3.1


Solar assisted air conditioning systems up to now work, but are less wide spread

Absorption Desiccant coolingAdsorption

• Evaporate water through adsorption• Temperature solar panel 65-85°C

appx. 3,5 m²/kW cooling capacity• Units from 50 kW – 1.500 kW• Less widespread (15 in EU)

Sources: Sortech AG, BHKW Infozentrum, Pink GmbH, eta Energieberatung, own studies

• Evaporate the refrigerant in absorption-solution cycle

• Temperature solar panel 65-85°Cappx. 3,5 m²/kW cooling capacity

• Units from 5kW – 10.000 kW• Singular widespread (80 in EU)

• Sorptive dehumidification, heat exchange, humidification

• Temperature solar panel > 80°Cappx. 8 m²/1.000 m³/h air flow

• Units : 20 – 350 kW• Less widespread (30 in EU)

3.1


SolarCool – air conditionersCompression type air conditioners

SolarCool deploys the compression cycle process by integrating a solar thermal panel in the cycle

• Compresses and evaporates refrigerant (classical „fridge“ process)

• Efficiency rate cooling capacity/electrical power consumption: EER = 3 - 4

• Units 2 kW – 5.000 kW

• „The“ standard technology for cooling

• Integrates a solar thermal panel into the cooling cycle. Solar panel takes over part of compression work from the compressor and reduces its load

• All physical effects yield power savings of up to 60%

• Efficiency rate cooling capacity/electrical power consumption: EER = 8

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Solar panel

Evaporator

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

3.1

Cold airCold air


Compression type air conditioners

For understanding SolarCool we need to understand the basics of the compression cycle process

The compression cycle process has 5 main components

• Evaporator

• Expansion valve

• Condenser

• Compressor

• Refrigerant

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

3.1

Cold air



The evaporator creates the cool air

Evaporator• The evaporator is basically a heat exchanger with an

inner copper pipe• A refrigerant flows through the copper pipe and

evaporates there• When the fluid evaporates, it sucks heat out of his

environment• This “heat transfer into the refrigerant” is perceived

by us as cooling• The fins attached to the copper pipe cool down• A ventilator feeds air around the fins. Heat from the

air is transported to the fins. The air cools down• The ventilator transports the cooled air into the

room• Evaporation temperature of the fluid shall be lower

than the targeted room temperature

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

3.1

Cold air



We need the condenser and expansion valve to supply the refrigerant in the proper condition to the evaporator

Expansion valve and condenser• The refrigerant must start in the evaporator with the

correct temperature, pressure and in gaseous condition so that cooling may happen

• The compressor as motor of the system provides the refrigerant in gaseous condition, but at high pressure (R 410: 20 – 40 bar) and at high temperature (50-90°C)

• The expansion valve cuts off the uncontrolled flow from the compressor into the evaporator

• If the gas entered the evaporator with a temperature unchanged, no cooling would take place

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Expansion valve Condenser

3.1

Cold air



The expansion valve supplies the exact amount of refrigerant to the evaporator

Expansion valve and condenser• The expansion valve is basically a small hole• It controls the amount of refrigerant being supplied

into the evaporator• It reduces the pressure of the compressed

refrigerant from the “high side” (R410: 20-40 bar) down to the “low side” (R410: 11-12 bar)

• 2 types of valves: thermally controlled (TXV) and electronically controlled (EEV)

• TXV open and close by the measured temperature. They are used in simple, straight forward systems

• EEV open and close by the given signal from outside, mostly a logic controller. They are used in more complex systems, e.g. Multi Splits

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

TXV EEV

3.1

Cold air



The condenser lowers the temperature of the gas being compressed by the compressor

Condenser• The condenser is a big heat exchanger sitting in the

outdoor unit and a big fan connected to it • It consists out of copper piping and attached fins to

allow a good heat transfer from the surrounding air to the copper piping

• The refrigerant having left the compressor has a temperature of 50-80°C. It flows through the copper pipes and heats up the attached fins.

• The fan blows ambient air with a temperature of 25-40° (= outside temperature) around the fins. Since the fins are due to the refrigerant hotter than the air, heat flows from the fins to the air. The fins are cooled down and so is the refrigerant in the attached copper pipe. The pressure of the refrigerant remains unchanged.

• The higher the pressure of the incoming refrigerant, the better the refrigerant is cooled down

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Condenser

3.1

Cold air



The compressor is the motor of the air conditioner

Compressor• The compressor is basically the pump, sucking the

refrigerant from the evaporator and supplying new compressed refrigerant into the cycle

• Mostly used in air conditioners are rotary and scroll compressors

• In order to compress, the refrigerant has to be gaseous

• The compressor consumes roughly 80% of all electrical energy of an air conditioner

• When the gas is compressed, it gets hot. This is a physical law, the ideal gas law:

p * V = n * R * T• The product of pressure (p) and volume (V) is

constant to its amount of refrigerant (n*R) and temperature (T). Since volume and amount stay unchanged, a higher pressure automatically yields higher temperature

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Compressor

3.1

Cold air



The refrigerant is the blood of the air conditioner

RefrigerantThe refrigerant is the blood in the system. It’s a best compromise between• Good evaporation at room temperature• Non-hazardous, non-poisonous, non-explosive• Good lubrication for the compressor• Low critical to the environment:

GWP (Global warming potential) measured in CO2 equivalents

• Currently chlorfluorcarbonates (Cl, F-CH) are the best compromise, starting with R

• R22 systems have been banned from Western world due to the ozone depletion and replaced by the currently most spread R410

• R22 systems have to be phased out by these years• R22 systems can not be replaced with R410, since

the system pressures of R410 are higher than R22

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Refrigerant

3.1

Cold air


Chapter 4









SolarCool – air conditioners

The trick of SolarCool is to integrate a solar thermal panel in the compression cycle

• Compresses and evaporates refrigerant (classical „fridge“ process)

• Efficiency rate cooling capacity/electrical power consumption: EER = 3 - 4

• Units 2 kW – 5.000 kW

• „The“ standard technology for cooling

• Integrates a solar thermal panel into the cooling cycle. Solar panel takes over part of compression work from the compressor and reduces its load

• All physical effects yield power savings of up to 60%

• Efficiency rate cooling capacity/electrical power consumption: EER = 8

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Solar panelEvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

4

Standard air conditioners

Cold air Cold air

Core of SolarCool is the solar thermal panel : 1 panel fits all sizes up to 35 kW - in vacuum tube-technology and highly effective also at lower sun radiance

All rights reserved 23

• Dimensions: 1,6 x 1,6 x 0,13 m - 61kg

• 20 Glass vacuum tubes with inner copper pipes

• One panel per one compressor

• One panel for up to 35 kW cooling capacity of a compressor

• U type panel, meaning the refrigerant flows through the copper pipes in the glass tube (as compared to heat pipes)

• Fully assembled in one piece, high pressure and temperature resistant

4

The refrigerant flows directly through the copper pipes of the panel, no PV and no second solar thermal water circuit


Solarpanel in compression cycle incorporated

PV panels and air conditioner

Solar heated hot water and heat exchanger

Evaporator

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Condenser

Fan

Cold air in room

+

NOT SolarCool by Sedna Aire

4

NOT SolarCool

does not exist

Solarthermal heating of water



The ideal gas law explains, why SolarCool units save 60% of energy compared to non-solar systems

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

4

Cold air


• Absorption of solar irradiance in the panel heats up the refrigerant

• Higher temperature of the refrigerant yields higher pressure as described by the ideal gas law

p * V = n * R * TVolume (V) and amount of gas (n*R) remain constant, so higher temperature results 1:1 in higher pressure

• Solarpanel takes over part from compressor for compressing refrigerant allowing compressor to work less with same result in pressure (“ 2 staged compres-sion process”);

• Solarpanel yields higher pressure and better heat exchange at subsequent condenser. As a result the refrigerant leaves the condenser colder and gives increased cooling capacity in evaporator (“subcooling”)

• The compressor adjusts automatically its speed by its control logic


A more detailed technical description of the process and its effects is explained in the attachment, containing Mollier diagrams

4

Attachment A1


We chose the vacuum-tube panel by purpose, because it allows a very robust operation of SolarCool at high and low sun radiation

• The temperature gain of the refrigerant before and after the solarpanel shall be at least 5°C

• Vacuum panels absorb much more indirect radiation and are therefore much better efficient than the cheap flat panel. So clouds and shades do not harm that much

• Sun radiation and required cooling capacity go parallel. When the sun is low, also heat load and derived from that the cooling requirement is low. When the sun is high, radiation is high and then the solarpanel heats up the refrigerant better.

• Solarthermal water applications argue, that the sun heats up the water too hot causing the water boiling. Water is a fluid ! The refrigerant flows through the panel as gas, which has a much “worse” heat exchange capability than fluids. So the experience in very hot climates shows that the gas does not get hotter than 120°C

• Refrigerant contains lubrication oil for the compressor. The temperatures provided by the panel are too low to decompose the oil

4


SolarCool saves 60 % of energy, is quite robust and versatile and pays back the invested sum within very few years

• Saves 60% energy compared to non-solar air conditioners

• Robust also at less ideal sun conditions

• The refrigerant in the panel gets not too hot

• The air conditioners cost nearly the same as non-solar air conditioners and allow fast pay-back

of the invested sum

4


Chapter 5


5.1 Benefits of SolarCool

5.2 Product range of SolarCool



SolarCool air conditioners save 60% of eletrical energy compared to non-solar units

Non solar split air conditioner


SolarCool split unit SWM 18 – 5,3kW

Power consumption: 1,3 kW Power consumption: 0,32 kW

- 70%

5.1

SolarCool air conditioners may save even more, e.g. here for a 3,5 kW unit in a data center


5.1

- 73 %

Access to live data:http://egauge5393.egaug.es/username: ReadOnly password: qazwsx

http://egauge5393.egaug.es/


SolarCool: lower total costs for customer

SolarCool thrives for reducing running costs giving back the money from saved energy costs to the customer

• The air conditioner market is a mature one

• There is no big technology edge between them

• All non-solar manufacturer run for “cheapest” price and market share

• They all avoid the life cycle costs, i.e. all costs including purchase and operation of the unit during life time

5.1

Contest for the “cheapest”

and many others

• SolarCool saves 60% of the energy during operation

• Over a 10 year span , running energy costs account for 80% of all costs, investment makes out only 20% (commercial usage, 8 hours for 6 months)

• The slightly higher investment costs of SolarCool units are paid off mostly within a year

• SolarCool allows the customer to earn back his investment


Pay back time

A 7 kW system allows the customer to save every year 480 € and to earn the invested money back

Annual savings

Parameters: 7 kW SolarCool unit: 8 hours per day during 6 months, 0,24 €/kWh. List price SolarCool incl. installation 3 000 € compared to 2 600 € non-solar unit

480 €/year

• Within 9 months the customer has saved enough electricity costs to pay back the higher investment costs of a SolarCool unit (+ 400 €)

• Within 7 years he has saved 3000 € from electricity costs to pay back the investment in a SolarCool unit. With a non-solar unit he pays, pays, pays and gets nothing back

3000

€

5.1

3000

€


Our tool shows you quickly the annual savings and payback times of SolarCool air conditioners compared to non-solar units

5.1

• MS-Excel tools

• Only few entries required

• Shows annual savings

• Shows payback time of SolarCool air conditioners


Over 5 000 installations worldwide – commercial e.g. in Costa Rica, Fiji, Singapore, USA are already convinced

5.1


And the future will move towards further energy reduction

• The larger the air conditioner, the more energy they consume and the more the customer saves with SolarCool

• One is 100% for sure: Energy prices will ALWAYS rise and NEVER go down

• Energy manager of commercial buildings are starving for equipment with lower energy consumption

• Political efforts, green building activities and energy regulations like Leed all move to lower energy consumption and so towards SolarCool

• This is Our Market !

5.1


Chapter 5


5.1 Benefits of SolarCool

5.2 Product range of SolarCool




Solar panel

Every air conditioner (compression cycle) is divided into 2 component groups. SolarCool has an additional one - the solar panel

Depending, where you “cut” the system’s piping

5.2

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Compressor

Solar panel

Cold air

Panel Condenser Air handler

Condenser unitOr outdoor unit

Contains compressor, condenser, fan, control logic, power supply, filter and mostly expansion valve

Air handler unitOr indoor unit

Contains evaporator, fan, control logic for human interface (thermostat)


We distinguish between “split” and “packaged systems”

5.2

Split: Condenser and indoor unit separate Packaged: Both integrated in 1 package

• Very popular in Asia and Europe. Due to mass production low prices

• Outdoor unit makes cold refrigerant, which flows to indoor unit through copper pipes

• Indoor unit evaporates refrigerant and blows cold air into the room. No connection of air flow between separate indoor units

• Very efficient and easy control of separate rooms• Single Split, Multi Split and VRFs for cooling and heating

• Very popular in US and in Europe for big halls and for fast food restaurants

• Requires central ductwork: produces one big cold air flow, which has to be brought to the various diffusers in the rooms.

• Easy, quick installation and maintenance

• Partly with additional electrical heater and/or gas furnace


3 main groups of “split” type air conditioners

Multi Split VRF’sSingle Split

• 1 outdoor unit to 1 indoor unit

• Indoor unit mostly wall mount unit

• More residential applications

• Cooling capacity: 2,6 up to 7 kW(09 MBTU/h – 24 MBTU/h)

• Mass product

• At SolarCool mainly for testing purpose

5.2

• 1 outdoor unit to 4-5 indoor units• Indoor unit wall mount unit or

cassettes• Expansion valve is in outdoor unit. All

pipings from outdoor to indoor unit• Small offices, shops, hotels, villas and

“better quality “residential applications

• Cooling capacity: 5 up to 12 kW(18 MBTU/h – 42 MBTU/h)

• Wholesalers don’t like it

• VRF = “variable refrigerant flow”• 1 outdoor unit for up to 26 indoor

units• Many types of indoor units: cassettes,

ducts, convertible floor/ceiling, wall mount unit

• Expansion valve is in indoor unit. One big from outdoor unit to inside with branches to each indoor unit

• Supermarkets, gas stations, offices, malls, hotels, industries

• Cooling capacity: 8 up to 170 kW(30 MBTU/h – 600 MBTU/h)


Depending on the compressor technology, split systems come as “On/Off” or “DC-Inverter” systems

5.2

“On-Off” system DC-Inverter system

• Switches “on” when the room temperature gets too high and switches off, when the target temperature has been achieved

• Compressor runs always with the same rpm and flow• With every switch-on cycle high current peak• Higher energy consumption and lower compressor life time• Not suited for SolarCool technology• Are banned from EU and may not anymore imported as

from 1st of January 2013. Will be discontinued in some years

• The rpm of the compressor is variable. The speed is controlled through a frequency shifting device converting the current from AC to DC and then back to AC for the compressor

• Much more efficient operation and longer lifetime of compressor due to less start-up peaks

• SolarCool technology requires Inverter type air conditioners

• Multi Splits and VRFs require DC Inverter type compressors. Will be the future compressor standard.

On

Off

On-Off system

DC-Inverter system

Targettemperature

Starttemperature


You may use SolarCool air conditioners also for heating! They are excellent heat pumps utilizing free energy from the sun, lowering the electric bill

Heating with the sun

A 4- way valve in the circle changes the flow of refrigerant for the heating modeThe refrigerant flows from the panel to the evaporator, where it gives off the heat to the room and then goes through the condenser back to the compressorAll free energy from the sun to heat up the refrigerant in the panel is given 1:1 to the room through the evaporator and reduces the power consumption of the electric compressorThe sun heats the refrigerant hot enough also at low ambient temperatures

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

ElectricalCompressor

Solar panel

Acts as solarheater

4-way valve

5.2


You will find a lot of additional details in the specifications, manuals and other documents. It is mostly on the website in 6 languages (english, french, german, italian, spanish, turkish)

5.2

Specifications Manuals Catalogues, brochures


Chapter 7









Good air conditioning

Air conditioning means “conditioning air” - and not just blowing cold air

Bad air conditioning

7

• Air conditioning faces many negative concerns:It makes people sick, causes cold and uses much electricity

• Correct ! – but this is caused by bad sizing !

• Human beings in buildings need air. People deep down in buildings do not get enough air from one remote open window. They need to get fresh – technically.

• People want a comfort zone. They don’t want to freeze or sweat – they want enough “treated” air – either heated or cooled. This means “conditioning air” and requires energy for the technical treatment – electricity.

• Air conditioning means to provide a good climate to the person. The best climate is a climate which the person does not perceive.

• Strong cold air blown from the air conditioner may be perceived as cool, but is “bad air conditioning”,because it makes people sick.

• An air conditioner provides a good climate in the room. 60% of its job is to remove humidity. A cool room with high humidity causes trouble.

• Air conditioning means:- Cooling down the room quickly to the target

temperature- Keeping the room at that target temperature

• The more variable the air conditioner is, the better it may control the room climate.

• That’s the big benefit of DC-Inverter air conditioners. They vary their output to the real need. On-Off just blow full throttle and cause the known bad phenomenons.

• Especially DC- Inverter must be sized properly. When sized too small, they never can cool down the room and will run forever at full blast – causing all the effects, which we just wanted to avoid and getting no efficiencies from SolarCool.


Sizing an air conditioner takes 6 steps

6 steps to a thorough sizing of an air conditioner

7

Step 1:

Find out the customer’s real expectations

Step 2:

Determine, which rooms shall be cooledor heated

Step 3:

Check impact of unconditioned space

Step 4:

Calculate needed

cooling/ heating capacity in the rooms

Step 5:

Determine how to bring the conditioned air to the people

Step 6:

Summarize and identify the adequate outdoor unit


New installationReplacing an existing installation

Step 1: Sizing the units starts with asking the customer about his expectations, especially the hidden ones !

7

• The structure of the building is normally not changed.

• The need for a change mostly arose because the old equipment just died.

• Most companies just replace the old with an new equipment without changing the size.

• 50% of the costs related with replacement is labor. Most omit the chance to make small changes to improve the energy consumption of the building, because they just don’t know what would be possible.

• The most important questions at replacement are: - Did the existing air conditioner work well ? - Was it too small or too big ?- What do you expect from the new one ?- What else shall we change, once we make dust

and dirt ?

• Cooling capacity is mostly calculated by architects and/or energy consultants

• New buildings face higher requirements with regard to energy consumption (LEED)

• People expect modern, state-of-the-art equipment• There is always the hidden agenda of an increased value

and reputation of the building with “green visible solutions” like solar panels.

• The most important question at new installation is:- What is more important – saving energy or making a

good and visible “green” impression ?• When it is impression, the focus lies on showing the panels• When it is saving money, the focus is on a good positioning

of the panels to get the most sun.• Check the infrastructure ! Electricity (volts, phases,

frequency), enough and safe space for outdoor units and panels, exposure to the sun


On-Off systems in the past were “undersized” by purpose, DC-Inverter systems need to be oversized to yield all the benefits

“On-Off” system DC-Inverter system

• Cooling capacities of selected air conditioners were very often lower than building’s requirement for cooling to avoid “On-Off” cycles

• Many “On-Off” cycles reduce compressor’s lifetime

• The larger the air conditioner was, the more often the unit would switch off when it reached target temperature

• As a result, the smaller air conditioners blew mostly all the time with full blast, since they never reached the target temperature

• Once the DC Inverter air conditioner comes close to the target temperature it reduced the rpm of the compressor and lowers the energy consumption

• The main purpose of a DC Inverter air conditioner is to keeo the room cold and climatized

• For doing so the DC Inverter needs to be powerful enough to cool the room and keep it climatized. – If not it will be just a very expensive “On-Off” compressor with higher investment costs and no savings in running energy costs

On

Off

On-Off system

DC-Inverter system

7


Which rooms shall be cooled or heated ?

Step 2: Determine, which rooms shall be cooled or heated

7

• The rooms which typically are cooled or heated - Sleeping rooms, living rooms, children rooms, kitchen

• Rooms typically not cooled/heated:- Cabinets, separate toilets, garages, patios, attics, cellars,

other storage rooms

• Rooms to be checked with the customer:- Kitchens, bathrooms: upon grade of utilization and

request for comfort: They are normally not used that often than the other rooms. They have a higher requirement to cooling due to the inner heat source: ovens, cooking plates, steam and higher humidity

- Corridors: upon size and impact

???

???

???

yes yes

yes


Impact of unconditioned space

Step 3: Determine the impact of unconditioned space on the space

7

• Rooms typically not cooled/heated:- Cabinets, separate toilets, garages, patios, attics, cellars

and other storage rooms- When small, they have nearly no impact- When larger like patios, attics or garages, make sure that

they have no heat bridges to the space to be conditioned.

Heat bridges are mostly non insulated walls, which transfer excellent heat from one side to the other. They are heat sources like an oven for example

- If a large unconditioned space with heat bridge exist, care for good insulation from them to the space to be conditioned (styrofoam) or adjust the cooling capacity in those rooms, which have the heat bridge as a wall

!!!

!!!

!!!

Check insulationof wall


Cooling capacity for each room

Step 4: Calculate needed cooling capacity in the rooms

7

- Get surface area (m²)- Check, if ceiling is higher than 2,4 m- Get surface area of glass window/doors and how much

sun gets through (east/west/south orientation, shades)- Identify significant heat sources: boilers, ovens, number

of computers, TV, other electrical devices, which produce heat

- Identify heat impact of lights: Number and watts consumed

- Check, if these rooms are adjacent to non isolated spaces (attics, walls, cellars)

- Check, if the room is in a shaded area or fully exposed to the sun

- Identify operating outdoor ambient temperature. The hotter it is, the more the outdoor unit has to work

Enter that into our energy calculator for each room

? m ²

? m ² ? m ²


How to choose

Step 5: Determine how to bring the cool air to the people – identify the appropriate type of indoor unit

7

• Basic rules: - Cold air falls down and hot air rises- The air in a room needs to circulate- People don’t like to be blown by cold air for a longer period of

time, but they have to be in the air circulation

• Wall unit: hangs on the wall, min. 2 m above floor and with enough space (0,3-0,4 m) above it. If too tight to the ceiling, it malfunctions due to hot air just under the ceiling. Blows the air out of one long slot. The blow direction may be adjusted with louvers. Mostly the cheapest unit

• Cassettes: Sits in a mostly detached ceiling. Cold air blows out of 4 slots and can be adjusted with louvers. Requires detached ceiling

• Ducts: built in the ceiling and blow the air from one long slot. Not visible, but require good positioning, since air can not be adjusted with louvers

• Convertible Ceiling/floor: Sits under the ceiling or at the lower part at a wall

• Consider 2 units instead of one, if the room is complicated

Different indoor types

Wall unit Cassette

Built-in ceiling Convertible ceiling/floor


Cassette

Step 5: Air circulates and does not just fall down ! A good position of the indoor unit is crucial for success

7

• Have a close look, where the air is blown to

• Cold air falls, hot air rises – causing air circulation in the room

• Avoid:- person sitting straight in a strong air flow- person sitting in “dead corners”

Wall unit

Air flow velocityfor a wall unit Air flow velocity

for a cassette

• Same as for wall unit

• Cassettes have often a blow into 4 directions


Description

Step 5: When it comes to concealed duct units, static pressure gets important and you need an expert calculating proper sizing based on the duct installation in the room

7

Concealed ducts

Air flow velocityfor a wall unit

• Main properties of ducts units are- Air volume per hour: how much air they turn around- External static pressure: at which pressure they “blow” out

the air

• Designing the size of a duct unit is more complex – air volume:- How often shall the air in the room changed over per hour?- Check legal min. requirements for change over figures. They

vary for application and country

• Static pressure:- Mostly defined by length, shape of attached duct works and

installed components like filters. - One clogged filter has already 50 Pa and nearly blocks the

blow out of a duct. So maintenance at duct unit is crucial !- The calculation of static pressure for ducts shall be done by

air flow experts and is a complicated task


Identify adequate outdoor unit

Step 6: Summarize the capacities of all rooms and identify adequate outdoor unit

7

• Summarize the capacity of the indoor units• Identify outdoor unit that may supply the calculated

number of indoor units and whose capacity fits to the sum of all indoor units

• Set up groups with consideration to- Ownership of apartments- Distance from outdoor unit to indoor unit- Orientation of solarpanel to the sun- Distance and lift of solarpanel to the outdoor unit (18m)• When the summarized capacity of all indoor units is

slightly smaller than the adequate capacity of the outdoor unit: Multisplits and VRF may ramp 10-20% higher than the given nominal value, but this normally is compensated through a higher power consumption

Summarize the capacity of all indoor units

VRF

BUILDING AREA TYPE Model TYPE MODEL

BEDROOM SINGLE SPLIT WALL MOUNTED SVWW28 2,6 2,93

GRD FLOOR CONTROL ROOM SINGLE SPLIT WALL MOUNTED SVWW28 2,6 2,93 MULTI SPLIT CONDENSING UNIT CMO-042B

CONTROL ROOM SINGLE SPLIT WALL MOUNTED SVWW28 2,6 2,93

SHOP SINGLE SPLIT WALL MOUNTED SVWW28 2,6 2,93

SINGLE SPLIT CEILING CASSETTE SVCC112 5,8

CAFÉ SINGLE SPLIT CEILING CASSETTE 5,8 11,72 MULTI SPLIT CONDENSING UNIT CMO-042B


SINGLE SPLIT CEILING CASSETTE 5,8 11,72 MULTI SPLIT CONDENSING UNIT CMO-042B



SINGLE SPLIT CEILING CASSETTE SVCC56 5,8 5,86

RECEPTION SINGLE SPLIT CEILING CASSETTE SVCC56 5,8 5,86 MULTI SPLIT CONDENSING UNIT CMO-042B

RECEPTION SINGLE SPILT CEILING CONCEAL SVDC90 8,79

RECEPTION SINGLE SPLIT WALL MOUNTED SVWW36 3,5 2,93

OFFICE SINGLE SPLIT WALL MOUNTED SVWW56 5,3 5,27 MULTI SPLIT CONDENSING UNIT CMO-036B


1ST FLOOR CONFERENCE 1 SINGLE SPLIT CEILING CASSETTE 5,8 11,72 MULTI SPLIT CONDENSING UNIT CMO-042B



Subtotal 106 577 kW 593 kWindoor units

Option VRFsNumber of outdoor units

SVRF450 14

COOLING CAPACITY

(kW)

FROM CONSULTANT

(kW)


Tips and hints for installation

And finally give the customer something on top – some easy and small hanging fruits to bring down temperature

7

• Avoid full exposure of the outdoor unit to the sun, eventually place the solar panel straight over the outdoor unit

• Every tree and plant shading the house/apartment lowers the ambient temperature by 2°C

• Look out to shade windows

• Use the natural wind blow around the house/apartment and don’t block it

• Avoid black surfaces attract sun and heat, go for white. Silver and reflecting surfaces


Chapter 8









Questions and quick, very short answers

The most common questions and their quick answers - 1

8

• Can we retrofit existing units ? Theoretically yes under certain conditions, but Sedna Aire gives no warranty for proper work and lifetime. We check that, when you talk about a larger volume of units. But still we will give no warranty for any retrofits. Considering all costs for change this comes mostly more expensive instead of replacing the whole system.

• Does SolarCool work also at night and is it more efficient ? Yes, the panel acts as extended condenser and improves the efficiency of cooling also during the night.

• Can we heat with the units and do we have improved efficiency ? Yes, you can heat also with SolarCool units. All our units are heat-pumps, allowing to cool and heat with one unit. As long as you have sun in the winter, you will also have improved efficiency.

• Can I supply SolarCool systems with power from PV panels ? Yes, you can and you will need much less PV panels with SolarCool. But it is still costly.

• Can I connect SolarCool to my existing solarthermal water circuit ? No.

• Can I use the heat storage water tank, e.g. from my solarthermal water circuit to use it for SolarCool ? No.




8

• Can I heat up my tap water with SolarCool ? Yes. You can add a special heat tank to the system and heat up your tap water with the SolarCool system.

• Are there incentives to install SolarCool systems ? Most probably yes, but you have to check them locally. Every country and state is different.

• Who gives warranty ? Sedna Aire Europe, when it was installed according to the guidelines of Sedna Aire Europe.

• How many panels do I need for a SolarCool system ? One panel per one compressor/outdoor unit with a cooling capacity of up to 20kW. Eventually countries with lower sun radiance need one more panel, what my be easily installed.

• At which degree shall the panel inclined ?The hotter it is, the less impact the inclination angle makes. If you are thirsting for sun, ideal inclination angle is the latitude of your location.

• Shall I place the panel to east or west, when I have no south ? Depends on your cooling pattern. When you cool more in the afternoon, then west. When you need cooling in the morning, east. The sun rises in east.




8

• Do I have to fulfill special legal requirements for pressure ? Split air conditioners are legally “open” systems, which are assembled on the location. So they do not fall under the special requirements for closed systems like refrigerators etc. But local requirements may vary, so please check them

• Are the air conditioners still safe, once they have been modified for the panel ? Yes, all units fulfill CE certification


You may use SolarCool air conditioners also for heating! They are excellent heat pumps utilizing free energy from the sun, lowering the electric bill

Heating with the sun

A 4- way valve in the circle changes the flow of refrigerant for the heating mode

The refrigerant flows from the panel to the evaporator, where it gives off the heat to the room and then goes through the condenser back to the compressor

All free energy from the sun to heat up the refrigerant in the panel is given 1:1 to the room through the evaporator and reduces the power consumption of the electric compressor

The sun heats the refrigerant hot enough also at low ambient temperatures

Certain colder locations require improved panels or more panels

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve


Solar panel

Acts as solarheater

4-way valve

8


Night

SolarCool air conditioners are also more efficient during the night, when no sun shines – due to the panel acting as additional condenser

Daylight

Solar panel acts during the cooler night as additional condenser, giving higher subcooling, Condition: Ambient temperature at panel has to be lower than discharge temperature of refrigerant leaving compressor

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve


Solar panel

Acts as solarCompressor

Solar panel acts during the day as second “solar compressor” creating heat and pressure

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve


Solar panel

Acts ascondenser

8


Night

A look on the data proves the increased efficiency of SolarCool air conditioners at day AND night

Daylight

Power consumption of a 3,5 kW SolarCool air conditioner compared to a smart Samsung unit of same sizeSamsung: avg. 600 WattsSolarCool: avg. 270 Watts = -55%

Power consumption of a 3,5 kW SolarCool air conditioner at night (Spain) running with 270 WattsAll temperatures left column, Consumption right column

°C Watts

Samsung unit (3,5 kW)

SolarCool unit (3,5 kW)

kW

8


An optional available bypass-valve closes the circuit to the panel, when the heat loss of the refrigerant in the panel at a cold night may be too high

Heating with no sun during cold nights

Very cold ambient temperature at night may create unfavorable conditions to cool down the refrigerant too much

An optional valve group bypasses the flow to the solar panel for those conditions

The valve group acts only in heating mode and automatically on basis of measured conditions

When the sun delivers again free energy during the day, the valves open automatically the way to the panel to get the benefit from it

EvaporatorCondenser

Expansion-valve

Electrical Compressor

Solar panel

Acts as solarheater

4-way valve

Bypass

Controller

8


Attachment

A1 Description of technical effects of SolarCool with Mollier diagram

A2 SEER, SCOP, EER and COP

A1


Several stationary and dynamic effects explain the savings of SolarCoolTM air conditioners

Dynamic – different operation states of components

Stationary – continuous operation

• Described in Mollier diagram• Different operating states of components in the cooling

circle at same time

A1


2 staged compression process with „solar compressor“ in the solar panel – „for free“

Effect, model and explanationStationary – continuous operation

(1) 2 staged compression process with 1 electrical driven compressor and 1 subsequent “solar-compressor”, which compresses the refrigerant through the ideal gas law

Electrical driven compressor

„Solar compressor“ – Compression through ideal gas law p* V = RS * T A gas heated up expands or if expansion is not possible, gets compressed. In panel no expansion is possible, volume is fixed

A1


Compression in the solar panel has higher efficiency than electrical compressor


(2) Compression with less losses in the solar panel, which shifts isentropic efficiency rate from 75% to 95%

These typical losses of a compressor do not exist in the solar panel:

• Heat related expansion of sucked refrigerant gas flowing into the compressor. Heat is at hot surfaces in compressor

• Leaks in compressor • „Unused space " in cylinder, which

remains filled with gas and may not be filled again newly with sucked-in refrigerant

• Mechanical losses through friction between moving parts and additional working load (e.g. oil pump)

A1


Compression in the solar panel yields higher pressure of refrigerant


(3) Compression in solar panel results in higher pressure of the refrigerant through the use of solar energy –without increasing the power consumption of the compressor

19 bar

23 bar

A1


Increased subcooling of the refrigerant leaving the condenser due to higher pressure of the refrigerant


(4) Higher subcooling of the refrigerant leaving the condenser due to higher pressure

Higher pressure => higher temperature of condensation (Clausius Clapeyron formula), Heat transfer ,At same heat transfer of condenser

Temperature at entry into condenser 72°C 86°C

Temperature of condensation 46°C 56°CAmbient temperature(here for example) 28°C 28°C

Difference in temperaturecondensation – surrounding 18 K 28 K

Subcooling 5 K 10K

A1


Higher subcooling of refrigerant due lower mass flow incurred by lower rpms of compressor (with variable control) – as long cooling capacity is not undercut

Effect and explanationStationary – continuous operation

(5) Lower mass flow due to lower rpm of compressor (variably controlled) yields further subcooling – necessary compression through solar panel

Shift limited by ambient temperature and requirement for cooling capacity in evaporator

Non-solar operation Solar operation

Looked for: ,Given: Mass flow: 1, Enthalpies : hB, hA

Looked for: Temp. refrigerant at exit of condenser, through Mollier Diagram = hA*Given: Mass flow: 2, hB,

= 326 – 283 = 55 kJ/kg

Shifting temperature in Mollier diagram to the left

A

B

A*

A1


Higher subcooling yields to less flash-gas

Effect and explanationStationary – continuous operation

(3) Flash gas is the content of gas in the vapor-fluid mixture. It is “lost” for the evaporation, since it is already evaporated. Cooler the refrigerant, less gas the mixture contains

Non-solar Solar

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

0%

Content flash gas

28 % 18 %

A1


The compressor may be powered off for a longer time - high amount of compressed refrigerant in the solar panel supplies evaporator and keeps up its operation

Instationary operation of separate components in the cooling circle

Principle

Additional charge of refrigerant in solar panel: 2,3 kg1 Start of operation – magnetic valve before evaporator

opens, refrigerant is injected and evaporator starts to work

2 Actual pressure in condenser and solar panel is sufficient to supply evaporator with enough refrigerant, while compressor remains switched off

3 Compressor starts, because supply from solar panel is not any more sufficient or too much refrigerant before compressor

4 Compressor switches off, evaporator is supplied again with refrigerant from solar panel

5 Power-off: magnetic valve closes, compressor sucks evaporator empty to prevent compressor from slugging at re-start

p

p

�̇�

t

t

t

t

Operation – magnetic valve before evaporator

Electrical driven compressor

After solar panel

Evaporator – cooling capacity

1

2

34

5

A1


Attachment

A1 Description of technical effects of SolarCool with Mollier diagram

A2 SEER, SCOP, EER and COP

A2


SEER, SCOP, EER, COP are indicators for the efficiency of electrical powered air conditioners are target on end-consumers

SEER – Seasonal Energy Efficiency ratioEER – Energy Efficiency ratio

A2

• 2 applications:

- cooling (EER) and

- heating (COP - Coefficient of performance)

• Energy classes from A+++ down to D

• Cooling/heating capacity

• Efficiency index : EER or COP

• Power consumption

• Sound

• EER becomes SEERCOP becomes SCOP

• Annual power consumption

• 3 grades for heatingCold, medium, warm climate

• Indoor sound


EER was set up mostly for “small” air conditioners with a cooling capacity up to 12 kW

EER – Energy Efficiency ratio

A2

• Formula for EER: cooling capacity in Watt power consumption in Watt

• Values taken at norm condition, described in EU guideline 626/2012 ( follows ISO 5151 ): Cooling: Heatingoutdoor temp: 35°C (DB) – 24° (WB) = 53% rel. humidity 7° (DB) – 6° (WB) = 93% rel. humidity

indoor temp: 27°C (DB) – 19° (WB) = 61% rel. humidity 20° (DB) – max 15° = 73% rel. humidity

• Was made for On-off air conditioners who do not vary their output = cooling capacity

• Main purpose is to distinguish between air conditioners with good and bad efficiency

• The guideline applies only for air conditioners with a cooling capacity up to 12 kW

• COP is respectively heating capacity divided

• Don’t mix it with US version, they have other units (BTU instead of W)


EER does not reflect real life. The invention of DC Inverters and the lack of showing the total annual consumption

EER in real life

A2

• Real life does not reflect norm condition of outdoor temp: 35°C, indoor temp: 27°C

• Most air conditioners in Europe run in real life at 20-30% of their norm capacity - because it is not every day 35° hot

• Some days it is hot and some days not that hot and air conditioner shall follow that

• DC Inverter air conditioners are much more suited to follow variable loads vs. On-Off units

• EER did not show the total energy consumption in kWh

OfficeHotelRetailServerSchoolBedroomAuditoriumKitchenCanteenShopSporting hallExhibitionTheaterStageAverage

Freq

uenc

y of

occ

uren

ce

Part load %

Source: ILK Dresden 2008


The EU commission set up SEER/SCOP based on the experience with part loads

SEER – Seasonal Energy Efficiency ratio

A2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1007% at full (norm) capacity

24% at 75% of norm capacity



100% = 480 hours • The formula covers four load cases from high (at 35°C) to

moderate (at 20°C) and defines their weight through hours of operation

• Each load case has a different power consumption and yields so a different EER

• All separate EERs from these 4 different load cases are summarized to the SEER

• Same applies for heating: COP -> SCOP

• The guideline assumes an annual run-time of 480 hours for cooling and 840 hours for heating

• The distribution pattern was designed on an “average”, which lies in Strasbourg (France)


A minimum SEER/SCOP must be achieved by the manufacturers to allow sales in Europe

Minimum SEER/SCOP limits for import and sales in the EU

A2

• Only air conditioners which meet the minimum SEER/SCOP figures are allowed to be imported and sold in Europe

• As from 1.1.2013- SEER > 3,6 for air conditioners up to 12 kW- SCOP > 3,4 for air conditioners up to 12 kW

• As from 1.1.2014- SEER > 4,6 for air conditioners up to 6 kW- SEER > 4,3 for air conditioners from 6 up to 12 kW- SCOP > 3,8 for air conditioners up to 12 kW

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

3,6 3,4

4,6

3,8

SEER

SEER

SCOP

SCOP

From 1.1.2013

From 1.1.2014


SEER is basically a tool to ban inefficient air conditioners from Europe. It may be more precise, but is also an average and does not reflect your case and not at all commercial applications

SEER – Seasonal Energy Efficiency ratio

A2

• Minimum SEER/SCOP are required to allow sales in Europe. Inefficient air conditioners are banned

• How well does Strasbourg match your application ? – Cooling/heating load and run-time ?

• The guideline stops at 12 kW cooling/heating capacity. Most commercial applications extend that limit of 12 kW and run much longer

• The guideline does not cover air conditioners with a “non-electrical” source like the SolarCool system, which uses a solarpanel

• SolarCool air conditioners use high efficient units with high SEER/SCOP and top these figures still with 30-50% more efficiency

• The best is to take your case ( your cooling load, your estimated operational running hours and your electricity prices), enter the little data into our energy calculator and you get within 2 seconds for your personal location: - your annual energy consumption, - your estimated annual costs for running the air conditioner, - how much you save with a SolarCool system compared to a non-solar air conditioner

Documents

Cool with the sun and save 60% of your power SALES PRESENTATION