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8/8/2019 COOL Ways to See the Ocean - Scotch Plains
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Covers 71% of the Earth'ssurface
Contains 97% of the Earth'swater
Has an average depth of 12,430 feet
Makes up 99% of the livingspace on the planet
Has had less than 10%explored by humans
Our Global Ocean«
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H ow many Oceans are there?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5%
0%
5%
14%
5%
0%0%
41%
5%
27%
1. One2. Two3. Three4. Four 5. Five6. Six7. Seven8. Eight9. Nine10. Ten +
8/8/2019 COOL Ways to See the Ocean - Scotch Plains
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H ow many Oceans are there?
ONE!
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Qu ickTi ¡
¢ £
¤
¢
¤
¡ c ¥
¦ r ¡ ss ¥ r ¢ r ¡ £
¡ ¡
¤
¡
¤
t ¥ s ¡ ¡ t§
is ¦ ictur ¡ .
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77%
23%
1 2
I f you cut off M t. Everest at its base, andplace it in the deepest part of the ocean,would there still be water covering the topof the mountain?
1. Yes2. No
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H ow do weH ow do we
study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?
H ow do weH ow do we
study thestudy theOcean?Ocean?
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A bout how much of the ocean hasbeen explored by humans?
1 2 3 4 5
8% 23% 23%31%15%1. 100%2. 80%3. 50%
4. 25%5. 10%
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T he Early Years
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Alvin1964-Present 4,585 dives
Depths of 15,000 ft
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Ship-based Oceanography
Advantages W e can see exactly
what¶s going on atthat moment.
W e can make manymeasurements atonce.
W e can obtain ³high-resolution´ data.
Disadvantages It¶s expensive!During storms, even
Oceanographerscan get seasick.
W e only see what¶s
going on when we¶reout there.
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Cool new tools toCool new tools to
study thestudy theOceanOcean
Cool new tools toCool new tools to
study thestudy theOceanOcean
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Satellitesin
Space
SurfaceCurrentRadars
Underwater RoboticGliders
A collection of instruments andmodels that provide long-termcontinuous data often in real-timeor near real-time.
Ocean Observatories
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Satellite DataSatellite DataSea Surface T emperatureSea Surface T emperature
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Rutgers Satellite Systems
XX--B andB and(installed 2003)(installed 2003)
Aq uaAq uaTerraTerraOceansatOceansat
LL--B andB and((installed 1992 installed 1992 ))
NO AANO AA--1515
NO AANO AA--1717
NO AANO AA--1818
FY1FY1- -DD
Tracking & ProcessingTracking & ProcessingComputersComputers
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OCM ± Chlorophyll India
MODIS MODIS ± ± RGB RGBUSAUSA
FY1-Dch7:ch9China
AVHRR AVHRR --SST SST US AUS A
Seeing the Ocean in ³Color´
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T he Ocean T oday
Temperature Chlorophyll
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12%
0%
62%
27%
What determines how strong ahurricane will become?
1. Unstable air masses2. W arm ocean temperatures3. H ow close the Sun is to the Earth4. The sea level
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H urricane Katrina (2005)
Q uickTime and aYUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%0%
Where does most of the Earth¶sOxygen come from?
1. Rain Forests2. The Ocean3. Land Plants4. Don¶t Know
Answer
Now
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Land & Ocean Primary Production
Qu ickTiY c c c r ss r r t s t is ict ur .
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T he Global Biosphere
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T he COD A R Surface Current Network
Transmitter Antenna Receiver Antenna
A network of beach antennas along the entire Mid -Atlantic coast is able tomeasure ocean surface currents out to a range of 200km.
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Standard RangeStandard Range1.5 km resolution1.5 km resolutionradial range 50kmradial range 50km
Long RangeLong Range6 km resolution6 km resolution
radial range 190 kmradial range 190 km
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NO AAC OD AR
SL DMB
Using Currentsfor Search & Rescue
Qu i ir r
r t t i i tu r .
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Underwater Gliders
A New W ay to Explore the Ocean
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46 %
%4 %
%
%
%
I n what year did the first underwaterrobot cross an ocean?
1. 19272. 19603. 1999
4. 20055. 20096. It hasn¶t happened yet
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H ow does aH ow does a
Gliderwork?work?
H ow does aH ow does a
Gliderwork?work?
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CTD
Fore H ull
Altimeter
Air Bladder
ControlBoard
SciencePayload Bay
Fin
Cowling Aft H ull
BuoyancyPump
Antenna ( Iridium,Freewave, GPS &
Argos)
A natomy of a Glider
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Buoyancy pump in theglider pulls in 0.5 L of water
Glider begins todive downward
Push pump out glider inflectsand begins to climb to the surface
one dive and one
climb is called a ¶yo·
When surfacing toconnect glider inflates
air bladder
H ow do Gliders ³ F ly´?
Q u i i
i i ure.
Q u i¨
©
i e and aH .2 6
decompressor are needed to see th is p icture.
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Iridium Antenna
ARGOS and F reeWave Antennas
H ow do Gliders Communicate?
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Q uickT ime and aH.264 decompressor
are needed to see th is p icture.
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Sustained Observatory Operations from Multiple Locations
McDonald s WiFi
My Living Room Glider Recovery in Hawaii
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Building an International CommunityEx citing the Ne x t Generation in Science and E ngineering
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RU15T he first glider to fly from one country to another
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M ission Complete: Scarlet K night is the f irst u nderwater robot
to cross an ocean basin
22 1 Days7,409 km11,000 Dives11,000 Climbs
Energy equivalent of 8 minutes of power for lights on the R ockefeller
Center Tree.
T uckerton, New Jersey, USA Baiona, Galicia, Spain
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Qu ickTi e and aDV/DVCPRO -
T
C de co pr e ss or a r e needed to s ee this pictur e .
T he T rack of RU27
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A hero¶s Welcome, December 9, 2 009
M ission Complete: Scarlet K night is the f irst u nderwater robot
to cross an ocean basin
R tg Th St t U i it f N J
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D ocu menting the StoryD ena Seidel, Writers House
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
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Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the
Ocean?Ocean?
Why do weWhy do westudy thestudy the
Ocean?Ocean?
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0 %
0 %0 %
0 %
0 %
0 %
What is the biggest problem facingthe ocean today?
1. Over fishing2. Pollution3. Climate Change
4. Melting Sea Ice5. Sea Level Rise6. Ocean Acidification
Answer
Now
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Annual sea ice minimum2007
Annual sea ice minimum1980
T he Ocean is changing
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T here are as many fish in the ocean T odayas there were before World War II .
0 %
0 %
1 2
1. True2. False
Answer
Now
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-0.2 0.2Temperature trends per year
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J uvenile krill in under-ice refugeGreatest biomass of single animal species on planet
KRILL
SALP
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These ice changes are expected to have large impacts onthe ecosystem. Expectations are specific critters will be
disproportionately impacted.
Adélie penguin(Pygoscelis adeliae )
Adélie penguin(Pygoscelis adeliae )
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1 2 3 4 5
0% 0% 0%0%0%
What is the primary source of ocean oilpollution caused by human activities?
1. Accidental spills fromships like the ExxonValdez
2. Leaks from offshore oilrigs and pipelines
3. Cars & run-off from land4. Operational discharges
from ships5. Atmospheric deposition
from vehicle exhaust
AnswerNow
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1. Accidental spills fromships like the ExxonValdez
2. Leaks from offshore oilrigs and pipelines
3. Cars & run-off from land4. Operational discharges
from ships5. Atmospheric deposition
from vehicle exhaust6. Natural Seeps
9 150
3 38
54 1406 270
21 52
U.S. W orldwide
Data from Oil in the Sea III (NRC 2002)
160 600
A nnual Releases (1990-1999)in thousands of tonnes
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Oil Seeps in the Gulf of M exico
D t H i
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Deepwater H orizonOil Spill
June 19, 2010
May 19, 2010
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Ocean M odels
O G f f M N J
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O cean Connections: Gu lf of M exico to N ew J ersey
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ConclusionsThe ocean is a large, complex and interconnectedecosystemScientists are able to use new tools to observe theocean in greater detailThese tools are helping us understand how humansare impacting the ocean and climate
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Biofouling
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RemorasRemora are visual predators, andcannot see well at night. To help movethrough the night, they attachthemselves to other fish to get a freeride.
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0%
0%
0%
0%
M ost sea life«
1. lives in the top 500 ft of the ocean.2. lives on the sea floor.3. lives in the great ocean basins.4. is evenly dispersed throughout the ocean
depths.
Answer
Now
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North Atlantic Phytoplankton Bloom
Deep-sea tubeworms
Pelagic fish
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0%
0%
0%
0%
What percentage of the world gets theirprimary source of protein from fish?
1. Less than 1%2. 5%3. 15%4. 25%
Answer
Now
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Real-time Underwater Data ± RU10