Convert Your Car to Run on Water as Well as Gasoline Guide

8/3/2019 Convert Your Car to Run on Water as Well as Gasoline Guide

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Contents

I. Liars and Thieves1. The Energy Conspiracy2. The Corporations3. Gas Mileage 1014. Suppressed Inventions

II. Automotive Fuels

1. Fossil Fuels2. Water Fuel3. Fuel Comparisons4. Hydrogen Supplementation

III. Making Water Fuel1. Magic Water2. Electrolysis3. Stanley Meyer The Genius of Water

IV. Building a Water Fuel Cell

1. Electrolytic Cell Designs2. Construction3. Operation

V. Water Injection

1. Water equals power2. Methods of water injection

VI. Improving Gas Mileage

1. Air/Fuel Mixtures2. Exhaust Gas Temperature EGT

3. Wideband Oxygen Sensors4. Modifying the Stock Oxygen Sensor5. Modifying the Air Temperature Sensor


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Disclaimer

This guide is not just a how to manual, moreover it is a compilation ofinteresting and important facts that will help you on your quest to save money ongas, and save the world of horrible poisonous pollution.

In the world of oil and energy, there is too much confusion. Too manyarguments exist between too many people. Too many lies are being spread as

truth. Too much truth is being hidden and suppressed. There is simply too muchbullshit ruining a perfectly good world. The following information is meant tohelp.

To be as accurate and honest as possible, I have cited the sources of theinformation herein. For online sources used, Ive listed the corresponding websitehyperlinks to the original material. In the appendix section, you can click thesehyperlinks to review the original articles.

If you happen to see something that is incorrect, please contact me at onceso I can review and correct the information if necessary.

And finally, just because accidents do happen, nothing in this manual isguaranteed to be safe, effective, or reliable. Everything here is to be used at your

own risk. Automotive engines, engine repair, and fuel system modifications canbe very dangerous. When working on engines, please involve a professionalmechanic when possible, and please be safe. I cannot be responsible for the wayyou use this information. The application of the following information is yourresponsibility. Good luck!


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Preface

The Global Energy Crisis

The world today is on the brink of a major change. Everyone everywhere is in afrenzy. We are all searching for a way to cut down on the prices we are paying forfuel and energy. Driving your family car or truck is no longer practical, not whenit cost $100 or more to fuel up at the gas pumps.1

Our economy is in shambles, and the high fuel prices are just adding to thetrauma.2 We cannot continue on this path, it is very obvious that something has to


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change. Fortunately for us, the future looks very positive. We have technologiestoday that could eliminate fossil fuels, and the accompanying high prices we payfor them.3

Sadly, the only thing stopping us from using alternative fuel technology ispublic awareness. When our public becomes more aware of the technology that isavailable, the technology will change. But, until the ignorance is lifted in thepublic mind, we will be stuck with the same prices, the same fuels and the samefuel wasting cars. The oil companies are not going to offer cheaper alternativesuntil we stop asking them for their expensive oil. However, since very few peopleknow about the alternatives, there isnt going to be a single bit of change.

It is because of the publics ignorance that I have set myself on a missionto educate as many people as possible about fossil fuel alternatives, mainly, waterfuel. With every new person who learns about an alternative to fossil fuels, wehave a heightened chance of slowing down the oil companies who continue to

raise their prices on a daily basis. Something has to be done, and it needs to bedone now!

I hope that when you read this, you will learn a thing or two and when youdo, you will do your best to pass the knowledge on to other people. Writing thisbook took many hours, and I am deeply appreciative that you are here reading ittoday. After all is said and done, I hope you will join me in the fight to change theworld and get away from the terrible fossil fuels we are currently using.

Sincerely,

OwnerWaterTechCar.com

Tomas Beronson,


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I. Liars and Thieves

1. The Energy Conspiracy

Whether or not you believe in conspiracies, there is a major one right in front us.We are being told on a daily basis that we need oil to survive.

4But this idea that

we cannot create energy without fossil fuels is one of the largest and mostridiculous conspiracies that we have ever faced. As a human race we are caught in

a web of lies and suppression that threaten our very survival as a species. All thewhile we are burning terrible polluting fuels and ruining the entire Earth.

Nothing has caused more damage to the environment than using oil andcoal for energy. We use crude fuels to move our cars, heat our homes and createelectricity. But it isnt necessary. We dont need fossil fuels to generate power.5By the way, we dont need wind generators, solar panels, hydroelectric damns, ornuclear power plants either. The entire energy grid that exists today is actually acomplete waste of natural resources. We dont need any of it.6

Hold on just a sec! I just said that our entire energy infrastructure is a totalwaste. I must be ludicrous to say what I just said. If you want to call me crazy, Iwill completely forgive you.

For now, it is important that you listen as much as you can. I am not hereto sugar coat anything or sell energy. I am here to speak the truth, so Im going toput some things as bluntly as I can in order to make a point. Some of the thingsIm going to tell you are going to zap your mind, and they might even make youangry. All I ask is that you have the patience to keep on reading. I promise thatafter all is said and done, there is beautiful light at the end of the tunnel. For now,we need to face the facts. The facts may hurt. Please just bear with me.

2. The Corporations

The corporations who own the oil companies and electric power plants are nottelling us the truth.7 They give out misleading information, and this informationtrickles out in our newspapers, magazines, books and TV ads.8 The lie is that weneed people to sell us power. But the real truth is that we do not need thesecorporations to sell us power. We do not need gasoline to drive our cars, and we


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do not need power lines to send electricity to our homes. We do not need to buyenergy from any single company. We have plenty of free energy all around us.

Those big companies keep lying to us, and they even pay others to

continue disseminating bad information.This book is not a political book. It would take a million pages to cover

the political problems that our world has faced in the last century. Instead, this is abook of real facts and figures. The facts and figures that follow should beconvincing enough that there is a major political conspiracy. The conspiracyinvolves the suppression of cheap renewable energy. It is a real problem, whetheryou like it or not. The science is here, the facts are here, and there is no denyingreality. Turn off the TV, throw away that useless newspaper. The media isspreading lies.9 The lies need to stop. We need to find the truth.

The truth is that fossil fuels are not necessary. But you can no longer sitand wait for the truth. The truth is not going to simply fall in your lap. The

television is not going to suddenly offer honest and fair reporting. The world isnot getting better, it is getting worse. If you look around, you can see more chaos,not less chaos. There is more pollution, not less pollution. Fuel costs are higher,not lower. The world is getting more difficult. Sitting around and waiting is notthe answer. You need to stand up, and demand a solution. You need to learn allyou can and ask as many questions as you can. Never accept anything until youhave researched it for yourself.

With the help of people like you, we can end the lies and find a betterfuture. Together we can end this 100 year old energy conspiracy.

3. Gas Mileage 101

Gas mileage is a funny thing. It never seems to improve. Considering theimprovements made in medicine, computers and other areas of technology andscience, youd think that fuel economy would improve drastically in the last 20years, but has it? Well, Id have to say, absolutely not!

The EPA actually admits that in the last 20 years, fuel economy hasntimproved at all, not even 1% in small passenger cars, while light trucks aregetting worse fuel economy now than in 1987.10

As a point of reference, my 1965 Dodge 2WD ton truck weighed 4550lbs, had a 318 CI V8 engine, and a 4 speed transmission. In 2001, It got 18 MPG

on the highway, the same as trucks that were 35 years newer!Yes, we have newer, smoother, more powerful engines, but they are not

nearly as efficient as they should be. Computers have improved by about 1million percent in 20 years.

11Fuel efficiency in cars has improved by 0% in 20


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years! There is a reason for that. The oil companies and car companies havedesigned it that way. It all comes back to that energy conspiracy thing.

What people dont normally realize is that fuel economy is more a

function of the type of fuel, more than any other factor. Gasoline will only burncompletely when it has precisely the right amount of air, about 14.7 parts air, to 1part fuel. Therefore, you cannot simply reduce the amount of gasoline you areusing at a given engine speed and expect your engine to run smoothly. Thisapplies to all engines, whether they are new or old. This is why new cars arentmuch better than old cars when it comes to fuel economy.

Todays cars use a computer to keep a steady air/fuel mixture of 14.7:1while driving. Normal gasoline burns most cleanly at this ratio, producing theleast amount of combined exhaust by-products. This ratio of air to fuel is calledthe stoichiometric ratio.12

Stoichiometry describes the perfect ratio of air to fuel for complete

combustion. Gasoline mixed with alcohol requires a higher fuel load to reachstoichiometry, which is a considered a richer fuel mixture. On the other hand,gasoline mixed with a hydrogen catalyst can reach stoichiometry with less fueland more air, something like 30:1.

13This would be considered a leaner fuel

mixture.Different additives in gasoline will require different air/fuel ratios to reach

stoichiometry. It is important to note that gasoline purity varies throughoutdifferent regions of the world. In the USA alone, pump fuel can vary dramaticallybetween states.14

The reason fuel economy has not improved much in the last 20 years ismainly due to the inherent problems of gasoline its self. With plain gasoline, you

cannot lean it out much past 14.7:1. If we try to run less fuel and more air, wedisrupt the effective operation of the catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe.Proper vehicle emissions are maintained only when the engine operates near thestoichiometric setting. Lean fuel mixtures, while being slightly more efficient,actually create more ozone damaging oxides of nitrogen.

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The following chart below gives an excellent representation of thedifferences between lean and rich fuel mixtures. As you can see, at 14.7:1, thetotal average pollution of gasoline combustion is at its lowest point.

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Air Fuel Ratio vs. Emissions - According to Toyota

Gasoline is just plain picky; if you run it rich (12.5:1 or lower), it doesntburn clean. If you run it lean (17.5:1 or above), it burns too slow. Just outsidethese limits, the engine will begin misfiring or running rough. In this regard,

normal gasoline has a very narrow operating range compared to other fuels.17

Fortunately for us, there is an exception to the rules. There is a substancehere on earth that can fix gasoline. Its called hydrogen.

Thousands of studies have shown that hydrogen acts an amazing catalystto gasoline combustion. Hydrogen works so well that gasoline will burn hot andfast even at extremely lean ratios of 30:1. At the same time, hydrogensupplementation reduces engine pollution drastically. If you add a little squirt ofhydrogen, gasoline consumption can be reduced drastically.

Because of the way hydrogen improves combustion, every car on the roadtoday should be required to run hydrogen injection. Gasoline can be burned atvery lean air/fuel ratios while producing less exhaust pollution. A gallon of fuel

can be made to last much longer, and everyone everywhere can have better airand more money in their pocket! Sadly, the oil companies are still trying to makeas much profit as they can. They have done a very good job at suppressing theuseful application of hydrogen on existing cars.

Hydrogen supplementation can be done many different ways. Theimportant thing to know is that it requires absolutely no internal engine


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modifications. As exciting as this is, it is not new technology. As youll see in justa moment, those big energy corporations have been ripping us off for a really longtime.

To recap, fuel economy is dependent mainly on the type of fuel used, andonly in a small part on the engine design. Fuel economy has slightly declined inthe last 20 years. The oil companies and car companies have failed for 20 yearsstraight. That is no accident.

By injecting hydrogen into a stock engine you can increase fuel mileageand reduce pollution. The technology to do this exists today. It only takes a smallamount of hydrogen to improve performance and efficiency.

Gasoline makes for a poor fuel by its self, because it will only burn withina certain air/fuel mixture range. No matter what, if we keep using regulargasoline, we can only get so much bang for the buck. No amount of enginemodification is going to change that fact.

The solution to reducing fuel consumption is hydrogen injection. Unlikefossil fuels, hydrogen is renewable. 18 Hydrogen can be derived from water viaelectrolysis. Hydrogen can, and will save fuel.

4. Suppressed Inventions

Hydrogen injection has been around since the beginning of the engine its self. Thefirst fuel used for the internal combustion engine was actually hydrogen. Aftergasoline was invented, hydrogen didnt simply disappear.

Water fuel inventors in the 1940s figured out a water carburetor. It was avery smart design, where the carburetor its self was transformed into anelectrolytic cell. Instead of gas going through the carburetor, there would bewater. This water would be broken down into hydrogen and used instead ofgasoline. This water carburetor was seen in use and witnessed by hundreds ofpeople. The inventors, a father and son team, said they didnt need any fossil fuelto start and run the vehicle. Patents were issued. These patents are still available,and you can see them for yourself in a book by James A. Robey called, WaterCar.

There have been hundreds, if not thousands of people who have figuredout new amazing ways to power a vehicle. There is a tale of Nikola Tesla himselfdriving a car powered by etheric energy. He supposedly designed a specialreceiver designed for receiving zero point energy. This receiver provided freeelectricity to a specially built electric motor. A witness from many years agoclaimed that this car really did exist, and he even rode in it. To this day, we cannotknow for sure, however, considering the accomplishments of Tesla, it doesntsound too far fetched.


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Water fuel is considered the same as free energy, because water iscompletely free. Free energy has always been suppressed. The suppression of freeenergy is a very large subject, so Im not going to elaborate on it. I am just going

to mention a few examples so you can understand the real significance of theproblem we are facing.

There is an entire book about lost water fuel inventions. It is written byJames A. Robey. In Robeys book, Water Car, you will see that we have haddozens of people develop perfectly good working water fuel devices. Thesepeople never made a single splash in the public domain.

Proof of the conspiracy to suppress free energy comes from the actualinventors themselves. If you examine the lifes and listen to the stories of famousinventors, you will see how much trouble they faced when bringing forth newideas. Tesla, known for being the most detail oriented person, who couldnt bearto see a flake of dirt on his shirt, had his entire shop burned to the ground one day

from a fire. Earlier, Tesla was cut off from financial help from J.P. Morgan, afterMorgan realized Tesla wanted to send electricity without wires or electricalmeters.

The most recent and horrifying story is that of Stan Meyer. Meyer wasntthe first person to invent water fuel, but he was the first person to perfect it inways that still arent understood by normal science. Meyer wanted tocommercialize water fuel on a global scale in every industry, all at once. Evenbetter, he had the working devices and the patents to make it happen. He wasclearly the most ambitious water fuel developer ever to come along. Thisambition cost him his life. He was murdered after turning down millions ofdollars to sit on his inventions and withhold them from public use.

Nobody has proven Stans murder in 1996, however, his last words werepretty startling. In the final moments of his life, while running out of a restaurant,Meyer said that he was poisoned. Meyer seemed to know that he was murdered.

Stan has enough video footage available to provide a very clear overviewof the difficulties he faced. He said he was threatened, black mailed, and robbedof his ideas. He said he couldnt trust anyone. Meyer proved that there is a forceworking against us.

In 2006, a scientist named Dr. Halim, working in Putrajaya, discovered away to run a normal car engine on a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Histechnology is more advanced than others, with millions of dollars spent onresearch. Initial patents were filed in 2002. Halims technology differs from

others in the fact that it involves nano technology.In 2006, Dr. Halim claimed that only 12 people in the world understand

how hydroxene works, and only he has a 100% working knowledge of it. Dr.Halim, like other inventors was offered a huge amount of money to sell his patent,most likely so the technology can remain a secret. At one point, he was offered


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$26 million dollars to simply release his patent!19

The amount of money thatwater fuel inventors are offered is incredible and it proves how much is at stake.

In another book, I will provide more detail about the life of Stan Meyer

and other inventors. For now, it is important to realize the truth about water fuel.Water fuel has been a reality for at least 60 years. And for the last 60 years, waterfuel has been suppressed. This suppression is not going to end anytime soon. Thefuel companies, car companies, public media and the public education systems arenot going to help us with this one. The world governments will remain silent foras long as they can.

With the advent of the internet, more people are reaching out. Peopleacross the world are now joining together to share their knowledge. The days of alone inventor perfecting something are nearing an end. Collectively, we stand abetter chance at beating this energy conspiracy.

As an important military sergeant named Clifford Stone once said,

Absence of evidence, is not evidence of absence. So it is with water fuel.If the citizens of the world can have faith, and continue working together,

we will find water fuel for ourselves. At this point it should be clear that we areon our own. Nobody is going to help us. Now lets get started!

II. Automotive Fuels

1. Fossil Fuels

Many people do not realize just how bad our current oil based fuels really are.While it is not the intent of this book to bog you down in boring and depressingstatistics regarding the terrible nature of fossil fuels, their true sinister nature mustbe known.

The fossil fuels normally used are gasoline, diesel, propane, methane, andkerosene. You can run you car, cook your food, heat your home, or burn yourselfto death with any of these fuels. They are all similar in the way they produce their

heat. These are hydrocarbon fuels. Hydrocarbon fuels contain hydrogen linked toa carbon atom or atoms. Heavier liquid hydrocarbon fuels contain more carbonand more hydrogen than other fuels, making them more complex and morepowerful when used as a fuel.


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The more complex hydrocarbon fuels are liquids. Liquefied hydrocarbonfuels are the hardest to burn, and create the most pollution. The pollution comesabout when a fuel cannot be burned completely and the unburned parts of the fuel

are passed out into the air we breathe. For example, if you watch a large semitruck take off from a stop light, you will see unburned fuel exiting the exhaustpipe in the form of black smoke. That isnt oxygen coming out of those largestacks!

Out of all hydrocarbon fuels, diesel is the very worst. It is the smelliest,hardest to burn and most polluting of all the others. In this day and age, we can nolonger classify diesel as a good practical fuel, not when it is so terribly damagingto the environment.

Gasoline is better than diesel, but it still has a major problem. Allhydrocarbon fuels share the same problem. They remove clean oxygen from theatmosphere and replace it with CO. Co is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is

a clear odorless gas that is lethal to humans. It is emitted as a byproduct of fossilfuel combustion.

Thanks to advances in catalytic converter technology, we are nowreleasing less carbon monoxide from our vehicles. However, catalytic converterswill only work with gasoline, propane, methane, butane or alcohol run engines ordevices. Diesel combustion is so dirty that a standard catalytic converter cannotbe used. There again, diesel shows its self as one of the very worst fuels for ourenvironment.

Catalytic converters work by converting carbon monoxide and unburnedhydrocarbons into water and carbon dioxide. Catalytic converters do good at theirintended purpose of cutting down on Co emissions. But they do nothing to

prevent the main problem associated with fossil fuel combustion. The mainproblem with all typical fuels is their dependence upon atmospheric oxygen.When you run a car, you are continuously sucking in thousands of pounds of airas you drive. Over the course of a year, you are removing thousands of pounds offresh clean oxygen from the air. Oxygen is the most important gas in ouratmosphere. Without it, humans would either perish, be forced to live in bio-domes, or relocate to another planet. Oxygen is essential for our survival on Earth.Yet, everyday we drive vehicles that consume copious quantities of life givingoxygen. We should be ashamed of ourselves for this nonsensical behavior.

Fossil fuels can never be made perfect, because even if they are scrubbedof all their polluting byproducts, they cannot be made to stop consuming oxygen

when they are burned. All fossil fuels consume oxygen from the atmosphere.Oxygen is the most important gas in our atmosphere, so burning these fuels cannever be considered practical. We are consuming oxygen faster than the Earth canreplenish it naturally, as a result, we are slowly suffocating. Obviously this cannot


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go on forever. A solution must be utilized, otherwise we will perish in our ownfilth.

And now for the good news. There is a very easy to solution to the fossil

fuel problem. The solution has been starring us right in the face for hundreds ofyears. There is a fuel here on earth today that is unlimited in its supply. This fuelis everywhere around us. If you used it in you car, you would eliminate 99% ofthe engines exhaust pollution. This fuel even carries its own oxygen, so it doesntneed to steal ours.

When you burn this fuel, the only byproduct is water (H2O). If we usedthis fuel, you could say good bye to all the smog. You could say good bye to alack of oxygen, and to acid rain, and to awful smelly diesels. If we used this fuelwe could solve the worlds oil crisis once and for all.

It is time to introduce water fuel. Yes, water. Water is the worlds largestcarrier of hydrogen. Hydrogen is the most clean burning substance on the planet.

Nothing in the world can ever compare to the cleanliness, efficiency andsustainability of water as a fuel. Water is the only fuel that has exactly the rightamount of oxygen and hydrogen already contained inside of it. When you usewater, you can produce the cleanest fire man has ever known.

The irony is that we use this same substance to quench the hottest fires.Water is truly magic!

In the following chapters, we are going to evaluate the process of creatingand using water as a fuel. If you have never heard of this before, you are in for abig surprise. This information could quite possibly change your entire notion ofreality! Hold onto your seat, youre in for a ride.

2. Water Fuel

The term water fuel refers to any type of water that is used in a device designedto convert water into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen are flammable,hence the name water fuel.


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Hydrogens name actually comes from the Greek words hydro and

genes meaning water and generator.20

Unless you have studied water fuel extensively, then you might notbelieve that such a thing exists. How could water possibly be a fuel? Is therereally such a thing? Or is water fuel just the stuff of amazing legends passed downfrom generation to generation? Obviously water cannot burn. Water is used toextinguish fires. So why then are you reading a book about water fuel?

The truth of the matter is that water is more of a fuel, and a better fuel thanany oil on earth. Water is H2O, which is two hydrogen atoms and one oxygenatom bound together to form a molecule. The stoichiometric ratio for burninghydrogen corresponds exactly to H2O. Hydrogen likes 2 parts hydrogen to 1 partoxygen. If you remove the bond between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, thenyou release two elemental gases that are both pure, and purely flammable when

mixed together. These flammable gases contain a great deal of energy, moreenergy than is required to extract them from the water, hence the name waterfuel.

If you have ever attended a public school, then you have surely beentaught that hydrogen and oxygen cannot be removed efficiently from water.Scientists believe that huge amounts of electrical energy are needed to split waterinto its component parts. Following this common knowledge, water is not reallya fuel at all. It cannot be a fuel because a fuel has free energy locked inside of it.Fuels release more energy than they consume. Water doesnt have any free energyin it, so it must not be a fuel. At least this is what we are taught.

Unfortunately, in the area of water research, science has failed us. To the

contrary of public knowledge, water can be broken into hydrogen and oxygenwithout consuming excessive electrical energy. The textbooks in school are basedon incorrect information. The knowledge of our teachers and scientists is wrong,it has been proven wrong time and time again by working inventions, new mathformulas and new discoveries. In the field of water research, truth hides, and thelies abound.

In the following chapters we are going to see why so much publicinformation is wrong. For now the most important part to grasp is that the wordwater fuel is not an oxymoron. Nor is it a term created by a moron, or simplythe stuff of legends. Water fuel is as real as gasoline, diesel or propane. Water canbe made to burn just as easily as gasoline can be made to burn. In fact, the output

energy released from water can be up to 1700% more than the input energy.Water then is not much different from any other fuel. The only real difference isthat water is free. It is this later part that is of great significance.


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3. Fuel Comparisons

For the sake of going forwards, not backwards, this section is written with theassumption that Stanley Meyers ideas will one day be used to create hydrogen ondemand directly from water. Water fuel is a real thing, it has already beenperfected. It may not be on the market, but that doesnt mean we should turn ablind eye and pretend it doesnt exist.

The advantages of water fuel (HHO) over regular fossil fuels are so greatthat there isnt really a comparison to be drawn. Put quite simply, fossil fuels areworthless. Water fuel is perfect. No argument could possibly exist about whichfuel is better. But just for laughs, lets examine todays fuels.

Water fuel is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. Though,depending on the water source and the type of electrolysis, you may be getting

other gases from the water as well. These other gases, such as nitrogen and argon,may have dissolved into the water before it was put into the electrolytic water fuelcell.

21

Hydrogen likes to burn at a ratio of 2 parts hydrogen, and 1 part oxygen(2:1). This is exactly the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen contained in water. Watercontains the exact stoichiometric mixture of two of the most perfect gases onEarth. They are perfect because these gases do not contain any carbon, nor dothey produce carbon when they are burned. Hydrogen combustion is the cleanestform of combustion on Earth. The only by product of hydrogen combustion isH2O, more water!

Pound for pound, hydrogen has 3 times more energy than gasoline.22 One

pound of gasoline has 18,000 19,000 BTUs. One pound of hydrogen has 51,532BTUs. One gallon of gasoline has 115,000 BTUs.23 One gallon water of water hasthe equivalent of 47,770 BTUs.24

According to basic science, it would take about 2 gallons of regularwater to match the BTUs in one gallon of gasoline.

25

Theoretically speaking, water does not contain as much hydrogen energyas gasoline for the same amount of liquid. However, real experience has shownthat pure hydrogen can propel a vehicle more efficiently than hydrocarbon fuel.Hydrogen can be burned very lean, gasoline cannot. Speaking in a news interviewbefore his death, Stanley Meyer said his water powered car could travel from LosAngeles to New York on 22 gallons of water.

26That would be about 2800 miles.

27

Doing the math, that equals 127 MPG. According to Meyer, water equals 6.3gallons of gasoline.28


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Automotive Fuel Comparison

Fuel Type:BTU'sPer

Gallon

Octane

Rating:Additional Info:

Gasoline 115,000 86-94Easy to store and transport. Too expensive, destroys theplanet and produces lethal fumes. Low octane. Autoignites at a very low and dangerous 495 degrees F.

Diesel 130,000 8-15Highest BTU's per volume. Long fuel range per tank.Smells terrible, diesel engines too loud, black smoke,smog, acid rain, and soot.

Propane 84,000 104

60% less pollution than gasoline. Easier to store than

hydrogen. Can be used for many different things,including cooking and home heating.

Ethanol 80,000 10025% cleaner than gasoline. Renewable. Low BTU's pervolume. Destroys natural rubber.

Natural Gas 38,000 120Cleaner than propane, composed of mainly methane.Low BTU's per volume. Not good for long rangevehicles, high pressure storage tanks needed.

Hydrogen Gas 0 PSI 43 130+43.4 BTU's per gallon, when uncompressed. 1 gallonequals 0.13 cubic feet of gas.

Hydrogen Gas 5000 PSI 12,883 130+ At 5,000 PSI, 1 gallon of hydrogen weighs about 0.25pounds.

Hydrogen Liquid 30,919 130+ Compressed and cooled to -253 Degrees C

Water Fuel (HHO) 48,000 130+

Is 6 times more efficient than gasoline per gallon.Hydrogen and oxygen released from water burn andconvert back into pure water. Zero pollution. Zerooxygen depletion. The purified exhaust (H2O) can bereused as fuel, drinking water, etc. Water is always freefrom lakes, streams, rain, snow, etc. Cleans the air

when it is burned. Acts a catalyst to help dirty fuelsburn cleaner and more thoroughly. Can be added to anygasoline powered car with almost no modifications.Hydrogen has the highest heat value per lb @ 52,000BTU's Will not auto-ignite until above 1085 degrees F.


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Water is easier to store, and has more energy than compressed hydrogen.

One gallon of water weighs 8.34 lbs, and is 14 times heavier than a gallon ofcompressed liquefied hydrogen.29 One gallon of water contains 88.8% oxygen and11.2% hydrogen by weight30. If you use water for fuel, then one gallon of watercontains 0.927 lbs of hydrogen, about 50% more hydrogen than a gallon ofliquefied hydrogen.

31

The comparisons of fuels could go on for a lot longer, but they dont needto. Water fuel is a more efficient fuel than gasoline. Gasoline is poisonous,carcinogenic and terribly polluting to the atmosphere when burned. Hydrogen isclear, odorless and non-toxic.32 Burning hydrogen produces only by-product,H2O.

Oxygen is beneficial to human life. But gasoline doesnt contain its own

oxygen.33 Water fuel does. Gasoline can be dangerous to transport. Liquid wateris not. The list could go on and on. By this time, the benefits of water fuel shouldbe very apparent.

4. Hydrogen Supplementation

Gasoline and other fossil fuels are convenient to purchase, and they work verywell. They have been perfected for about 100 years now. So if we have to keepthese fuels around, thats fine with me. But first they need to be cleaner and

cheaper. Driving a truck should not cost $120 for a week of driving. With pricesthis high, people cannot afford to buy anything extra. It is hurting the economy.Hydrogen just happens to be very good at improving gasoline combustion.

Hydrogen supplementation via an electrolytic water fuel cell, helps to boost fueleconomy while reducing pollution.

Studies have shown that HHO boosters (water fuel cells) boost fueleconomy in two different ways. HHO boosters create hydrogen from water, andthe hydrogen helps to break down the hydrocarbon fuels during combustion. Thefuels burn slightly faster because of the hydrogen, and this makes them burn morecompletely, giving more power.

It has also been found that the bubbling water coming from an HHObooster is extremely important. As the water droplets get drawn into the engine,the engine also receives the benefits of water injection. Purely by accident, HHOboosters produce hydrogen and water injection all at once. The realization of thewater injection coincidence was not properly understood until recently.

Hydrogen supplementation should be done with an HHO booster without awater trap. As studies have shown, the standard HHO booster allows some water


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to enter the engine, and this water improves fuel efficiency, while the hydrogenhelps to complete the hydrocarbon burning in the combustion chamber. Together,hydrogen and water are able to significantly increase fuel efficiency.

It only takes a small amount of hydrogen and water vapor to improve fueleconomy. Even with ordinary dc voltage on a standard electrolysis cell, the totalfuel efficiency is raised. The current consumption and corresponding power lossfrom driving the electrolysis seems to be unimportant. The efficiency gained frominjecting hydrogen and water into an engine outweigh the losses caused bypowering the water fuel cell.

Hydrogen injection works best on vehicles that can be retuned to optimalsettings. With higher levels of hydrogen, you can customize the fuel system to gointo a leaner fuel mode. This lean mode will save much more fuel than leavingthe vehicle with the stock 14.7 (or richer) ratio.

If adding hydrogen to normal fuel, without leaner out the fuel mixture, the

ignition timing may have to be retarded slightly with high levels of hydrogen.High levels of hydrogen and high levels of gasoline will produce a very fast burnrate. Without modifying the engine, only modest amounts of hydrogen should beadded.

In an ideal engine, the fuel injectors should be scaled back to provide alean fuel mixture, and timing readjusted to suite hydrogen injection. This cannotbe done unless you have a customizable computer, like Megasquirt.

HHO boosters increase gas mileage on stock vehicles because they sprayoxygen, hydrogen and water into the engine at the same time. This combinationworks very well, though the science of it is not thoroughly studied. Stock vehiclesdo not need modifications to take advantage of the hydrogen, though

modifications will yield an even greater increase in fuel mileage.

III. Making Water Fuel

1. Magic Water

It is pretty obvious that gas pumps dont sell water fuel. Water fuel isntsomething you will normally find. If you ask about water fuel, you will probablyget laughed at. In the future, people wont laugh, but right now, water fuel isntpublicly acknowledged. The reason for this behavior is due to disinformation andsuppression. Scientists are still sticking to the notion that water should follow therules, and if it follows the rules, then it cant possibly be a fuel.


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To the surprise of many, water doesnt follow the rules. It is actually avery mysterious substance with qualities that can only be described as magical.The way water behaves when you freeze it, when you heat it, or when you send

electricity through it, dont really correspond to other related fluids.Water is the only liquid that floats when you freeze it. The density of cold

ice is less than warm water. Warm water has more heat energy stored in it, but itis still heavier than ice. This is not what science teaches us. Science teaches usthat heat creates molecular expansion, with a corresponding decrease in density.Water breaks this rule completely. Ice is an aberration, it shouldnt have thephysical properties that it does.

Water doesnt like to change states at all. In order to boil water, you haveto expend a huge amount of energy. Compared to liquids of similar densities,water can be heated with 5 times more energy without boiling. But how? It istruly amazing. That is why water works so good at cooling things. It can absorb

tremendous heat in the process of being converted into steam. Nothing coolsbetter than water.

The water molecule begins breaking down into hydrogen and oxygennaturally at about 6000 degrees Celsius, which is beyond the melting temperatureof steel. As such, liquid water cannot burn. It can be used to extinguish fires fromany type of fuel.

Electrolysis of water is not efficient for hydrogen production. Normalelectrolysis consumes too much energy to make water fuel a real possibility.However, normal electrolysis can still be used for hydrogen supplementation(HHO booster) systems.

When being used for hydrogen supplementation on an automotive engine,

the efficiency of electrolysis is not critical.Stanley Meyer determined a way to fracture water using only an amp of

electrical current. He was able to produce hydrogen at a rate that was 1700%more efficient than Faradays equation allows. Since that time, many dozens ofpeople around the world have replicated Meyers designs with good success.

Water molecules can be made to fall apart if you push them intoresonance. The natural resonant frequency of water is 43,000 Hz, or 43 kHz. Byintroducing high voltage, and high frequency dc voltage into a water bath, youcan improve electrolysis hydrogen output exponentially.

Water powered vehicles cannot reduce the Earths water. Hydrogen andoxygen combine to form water when they burn. Water powered vehicles produce

more water continuously as they are driven. The water emitted from hydrogencombustion can be recycled and used again to make more hydrogen.

Water powered cars are self filling because they are constantly makingmore water. When science allows us to build a water powered car, we can set it up


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in such a way that it never has to be refilled. All of the water you will ever needcould be regenerated or captured from the outside atmosphere as you drive.

Water is a form of free energy. Water is a fuel because it contains huge

amounts of potential energy that can be released with very little input energy.Water could replace every fuel ever used on earth, including natural gas. Waterfuel makes our entire energy grid completely useless.

2. Electrolysis

Water is a storehouse of hydrogen and oxygen. So how do we get the hydrogenand oxygen out of the water? One popular and very simple option is electrolysis.

There is a distinct reason why we find H2O everywhere in this galaxy, andnot H3O, or some other configuration. Oxygen binds to exactly 2 hydrogen atomsbecause oxygen is in need of exactly 2 extra electrons. Oxygen has only 6electrons in its 2

ndelectron shell, but it would prefer to have 8, as do all atoms.

Oxygen doesnt need 3 hydrogen atoms or one hydrogen atom because it onlyrequires 2 in order to be complete. Hydrogen doesnt need any help from anyone,it is happy being bound to another hydrogen atom in the form of H2, but oxygenis bigger and stronger, so it can steal away hydrogen atoms whenever it needsthem.

When hydrogen gives up its single negative electron to oxygen, thehydrogen takes on a more positive charge because it is out of balance, while theoxygen atom ends up with 2 extra electrons from two hydrogen atoms and takeson a negative charge. Ironically, the hydrogen and oxygen atoms stick together

while at the same time incurring very opposite electrical charges. For this reason,water is known as a bipolar molecule, because each molecule of water has twooppositely charged poles. The hydrogen atoms are positive, while the oxygenatom is negative. This unique property of water is what makes water stay togetherthe way it does; water molecules like to stick together.

The sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen is known as acovalent bond. This bond is the only real bond that brings oxygen and hydrogentogether because hydrogen has no real reason to stick around except to share itssingle electron with oxygen. If you can remove the single electron from hydrogen,then you can break the covalent bond and release the hydrogen from the heavieroxygen atom. You can do this by passing electricity through a conductive water

bath. If you have enough electrical current, you can remove the electron fromhydrogen and break the covalent bonding. The ensuing breakdown of watercaused by the movement of electrons is known as electrolysis.

Electrolysis is not the best method of separating hydrogen and oxygen.Current flow through water involves the consumption of electrical energy. The


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electrical force tearing apart the water molecules also tends to heat up the waterbath quite noticeably, therefore energy is constantly being lost in the form of heat.In the best electrolysis systems, more electrical energy is consumed than is

released as flammable hydrogen gas.Even though standard electrolysis is not more than 100% efficient, and no

free energy can ever be created from an electrolysis water bath, it still has itsplace. Electrolysis can be used on a car to produce supplemental hydrogen as thevehicle is being driven. The resulting hydrogen can be used as a catalyst to thestandard fossil fuel combustion occurring in the engine. To the amazement ofmany engineers and scientists, it has been found that even tiny amounts ofhydrogen can produce dramatic improvements in engine performance andemissions. Obviously the inefficiency of electrolysis is overcome by thebeneficial effects of hydrogen when used as a catalyst to fossil fuel combustion.Unfortunately the corporations in the world are intentionally withholding this

information, even while people die every day from air pollution and a lack ofoxygen.

3. Stanley Meyer The Genius of Water

A water molecule could be considered a small magnet. It wants to stick toanything that has an opposite charge, especially other water molecules. If younotice, water sticks to water. It is obvious when you overfill a glass with water.The water stays in the glass, even when it is filled past the top of the container.Water is bound tightly together, so it does not want to fall apart.

If you look at a picture of the water molecule, half of the moleculecontains two hydrogen atoms bound to the oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms areboth on the same side, and they are positively charged. The oxygen atom on theopposite side is negatively charged.

Since opposites attract, then standard logic suggests that if you put anegative electrical force near a water molecule, the hydrogen side of the watermolecule would be attracted over to it. Conversely, if you put a positive electricalforce near a water molecule, you would attract the oxygen side of the watermolecule. This assertion would be correct. However, it takes more than just a littleelectrical attraction to pull apart the water molecule. The hydrogen is bound verytightly to the oxygen atom, so it will take quite a bit of force to break the bond.

One way to break the covalent bond in H2O is to steal away the onlyelectron that hydrogen has to offer. If you can take away just one electron fromhydrogen, then it no longer has any reason to stick to the oxygen atom. This iswhat happens in normal electrolysis.


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Standard electrolysis involves the flow of electrons through a water bath.Electrolysis does not work without making the water conductive because thewater must be able to flow electrical current (amps).

Stanley Meyer took the idea of electrolysis and threw it in the garbage. Hismethod of separating water was so much better, it almost sounds unbelievable.Stanley Meyers processes would be the stuff of legends, except that he provedoperation of his fuel cell in front of hundreds of people, including the governmentpatent office.

Meyer separated water by physically pulling apart the hydrogen andoxygen. He did this by using high voltage with almost no current consumption. Inone example on a video recording I found on the internet, Stan is shown runningan engine on about an amp of electrical energy. The vehicle was only idling,but the electrical power was obviously too low for science to explain. In order tocreate that much energy with normal electrolysis, we would need a lot of amps,

perhaps 200 or more.The method that Stan perfected was the result of applying scientific

principles of water and basic chemistry that have been overlooked. His geniusallowed him to do something that nobody else has ever done. He fractured waterwithout consuming amps!

He called his method of water separation, the Electrical polarizationprocess. In his process, a high voltage field was able to pull apart the watermolecule in regular tap water without any electrolyte. Stans process worked bestin pure water, without any chemicals added. Pure water is an insulator, it does notconduct electricity.

The key to Stan Meyers success was his understanding of electricity andchemistry. He combined the two forms of knowledge and applied it to water. Byputting cylindrical tubes tuned to a specific length and size into a water bath,Meyer would then send high frequency high voltage pulses in from his ownspecial pulse generator. The result water bath was said to literally boil, though the


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temperature never exceeded that of the ambient air. Quite simply, Stan Meyerdiscovered how to release hydrogen from water for free, without the consumptionof any energy. His discovery could have changed the world forever. The energy

conspiracy that exists today effectively stopped Stan. Now he is dead. In thefollowing years, this person may be heralded as the most important person of thiscentury. Certainly his inventions could have eradicated all pollution, and couldhave changed every aspect of our lives.

The inventions of Stan Meyer are complex, except for those people whoare experts in the field of chemistry and electronic circuits. The time will comewhen Stans technology is spread to everyone and it is free to use, but that will bea number of years in the future. For now, we can rest happy knowing that theenergy crisis is bullshit. We dont need fossil fuels. Stan proved once and for allthat those big oil companies are lying their asses off.

It is ironic to know that peak oil is not a concern at all. We have an

unlimited source of free energy all around us, it is water. We have all the fuel wewill ever need. Gasoline prices continue to rise. All the while, we dont even needgasoline. We havent needed it for at least 60 years.

V. Water Injection

1. Water Equals Power

While everyone is currently talking about hydrogen, few people really understandthe benefits of regular water. Yes, plain water. No, not refined water, or fracturedwater, or hydrogen, but just regular water.

Internal combustion engines work by exploding gasoline and air. Theexplosive energy pushes the pistons inside the engine. To increase engineperformance, you have to increase the power of the explosions.

You can increase power by adding fuel, making an engine larger,changing fuels, or increasing the engine RPM range. None of these options is

practical at all. Few people want to switch engines, or modify their enginedrastically to increase power. Worse yet, most modifications will reduce fueleconomy because fuel is equal to power.

By spraying a fine mist of water into the intake manifold on an engine,you can increase power without changing any other variable.


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Air expands when you heat it up, but water converted to steam expandseven more. Water is very dense, so when it hits the hot combustion chamber itbegins expanding. At the moment of combustion, water expands dramatically, by

about 500%, as it is turned to steam. This expansion helps to push the pistonsinside an engine.

While you cannot take a normal engine and run it on plain liquid water,you can increase the power output dramatically with water injection.

Water injection effectively raises the octane of the fuel you are burning.High octane fuel can produce more horsepower by resisting detonation.

Normal pump gas is prone to detonation. It is intolerant of highcompression ratios, supercharging, turbo charging, advanced ignition timing,nitrous oxide injection, or high engine temperatures, the very things that add morepower and efficiency to an engine. Normal pump gas wont work in a hot, highcompression engine, not without damaging the engine.

Gasoline normally burns in a smooth steady way inside an engine. This iscalled deflagration. But, raise engine temperature and pressure, and instead ofburning smoothly, the fuel in the combustion chamber explodes violently with acataclysmic chain reaction. This is detonation.

Too much heat and pressure means a violent explosion. This violentexplosion can be heard as engine pinging. Anytime you have fuel that burns tooquickly, and the resulting engine pinging sound, it is called detonation.Detonation is the enemy of engines, it can ruin everything in a matter of minutesif left untreated.

The detonation limit of an engine is determined by the engine design, andthe type of fuel. Older engines had poor designs and would begin detonating very

easily, so they were tuned for very low power outputs. Today, we have moretechnology that allows very small engines to avoid detonation, even while runningcheap fuel. Still, gasoline is limited by its octane rating. Higher octane fuel(aviation gas, or race gas) can allow better fuel economy by raising the limit ofdetonation. But high octane fuel is also more expensive.

The solution to high octane fuel is very simple. You can use waterinjection instead!

In the Formula 1 turbocharged car era, one car company found waterinjection so beneficial, they figured out a way to suspend water directly into thegasoline. Acetone will mix with water, and acetone will also mix with gasoline, sothey mixed all three of these substances together, along with other additives, and

formulated a special water-gas. This fuel allowed a small 1.5L turbochargedengine to run 50 PSI of turbo boost without detonation! It produced over 1000HP!


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In WWII, the USA developed water injection on its airplanes to increasehorsepower. The horsepower increase came because it allowed the airplanes toincrease their turbocharger boost pressures dramatically.

Aside from the fact that water is free, and highly beneficial, it also reducestotal fuel consumption dramatically on a high performance engine. All car enginesshare the same problem. At full throttle, or high engine load conditions, such aswhen towing, or going up a hill, your engine requires a rich fuel mixture. Mostcars on the road run between a 12.5 and 13.5:1 air/fuel ratio while accelerating orrunning at full throttle. This slightly rich fuel mixture burns cooler, so it preventsthe fuel from detonating and destroying the engine.

If you add water injection to an engine, the air/fuel ratio is no longercritical when the engine is under load. For example, you can run a 15:1 air/fuelratio at full throttle if you are using water injection. Turbocharged vehiclesnormally run down to 11.5:1 at full throttle, even from the factory, which is very,

very rich. This fuel mixture is wasting a lot of fuel. Water injection can eliminatethe requirement for an overly rich fuel mixture.

Water has the unique property of having an extremely high latent heatvalue. The latent heat of vaporization rating of a liquid, is the amount of energythe liquid absorbs before turning into a vapor. Water can soak up 3 times moreenergy than gasoline before turning into steam. Water moderates combustiontemperature and speed, thereby completely warding off detonation. Detonationcan only occur when pressures and temperatures rise too rapidly.

Water doesnt lower engine performance, instead it just slows down therate at which the temperature and pressure increases inside the engine. The engineefficiency is actually increased, because the water expands into steam, providing

additional power. Also the gasoline fuel to air ratio can be reduced drastically,providing a further savings.

In reality, it is foolish to be spraying overpriced fuel into an engine to coolit down. Water is free, and it provides a much better cooling affect than gasoline.Water injection stops detonation completely if administered in the proper way, soyou dont need to buy special fuel with a higher octane rating.

Water injection provides enough benefits as to be considered magic.Again, water is truly a magical substance. Engines that utilize water injection arefree from carbon. Water injection removes 100% of all the carbon inside youcombustion chamber. Hot steam actually reacts with the carbon, chemicallydissolving it. Water injection can help engines that have high mileage and heavy

carbon build up.Almost every new car on the road has a knock sensor that can detect

detonation inside an engine. On vehicles equipped with knock sensors, waterinjection will get you better fuel economy. Water injection will eliminate engineknocking completely, even with cheap fuel. In the absence of knock, the vehicle


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computer will raise ignition timing, effectively raising engine efficiency and gasmileage.

As an important note, it has been found that pre-vaporized water doesnt

work. You cannot drive through the fog and get huge increases in performance.Nor can you get the same benefits while driving on a moist day. Steam injectiondoesnt show the same benefits either. In order to make water to work its magic,you need to spray fine droplets into the intake manifold. The droplets can neitherbe too big or too small or they wont work. In the next section, I will show youthe proper way to inject water

In summary, water injection can be used on any engine, but it will be mostnoticeable on high performance engines that are prone to detonation. Any enginethat has a high compression ratio, a turbocharger, a supercharger, or any otherengine prone to detonation, should use water injection. Water injection reducesthe need for an overly rich fuel mixture. It can save you a bundle of money on

gas!

2. Methods of Water Injection

You can inject water on any engine, whether it is turbocharged, supercharged,naturally aspirated, fuel injected or carbureted. Naturally aspirated, carburetedengines are the easiest since you can use engine vacuum to draw in the water.

The key to water injection is getting the correct water droplet size, and thecorrect amount of water. The first part is easy, while the later is totally

impossible.Getting small water droplets is not hard at all. On a carbureted car, youcan rig up a small brass nozzle to fit inside the throat of you carburetor. When theair speed increases, a vacuum will be created, and this vacuum will pull water outof the nozzle. No pump will be needed on a carbureted engine. The amount ofwater will be determined by the nozzle size and location. You will need to preventwater from entering the carburetor when the engine is not running, so a flowcontrol valve of some type should be fitted. A simple one way check valve maybe enough to prevent water from siphoning into the carburetor by accident whenthe engine is off.

Water injection is inherently very safe and will not damage your engine.Water injection does not cause engine damage, even after long periods of use.Engines that have been tested have shown perfectly normal cylinder wear afterseveral years of being injected with water.

Water injection actually prevents catastrophic engine failure caused bydetonation. With proper water injection, you can expect more power, while being


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You will need a fine misting nozzle designed for water injection. Any highpressure misting nozzle that is designed for about 100 PSI will work fine.

Water is thicker than gasoline, so youll need higher pressures to achieve

the same type of atomization. Having 60 to 100 PSI should work well. Ideally,you want to run the exact same pressure that the nozzle is rated for. At the veryleast, you want to know exactly what your pressure and flow is going to be.

With siphon feed water injection systems, you will position you waternozzle somewhere in the throttle body or in the carburetor. You can develop asiphon feed system on any car that does not have boost pressure hitting thethrottle body or carburetor. Siphon feed systems are not common, so you arepretty much on your own if you want to build one.

High pressure, pump driven, water injection systems can be used on anyengine, but they are required on turbocharged fuel injected engines, or any enginethat has pressure against the throttle body or carburetor. There is no source of

vacuum under full throttle conditions that can be utilized to draw in the water.Its easy to squirt water into an engine. Metering it properly is the hard

part. It is pretty much impossible to get the exact of water into your engine. Mostwater injection systems are very crude. More advanced computer controlledsystems are available, but that doesnt help much. The problem is that waterchanges engine combustion drastically. Water injection causes such a drastic gainin performance, you will have to change everything after you begin adding water.As you make engine changes, you will need to change the amount of water. Ittakes an incredible amount of tuning experience to figure out how much wateryou really need. For the normal person, water flow calibration is just not possible.

We may not get the proper amount of water into our engine, but thats ok.

Thousands of people have been injecting odd amounts of water for many yearswith impressive results. Water injection will work fine, with or without experttuning. The key is that you dont inject way too much water. Too much water candamage the engine by reducing cylinder lubrication or in extreme cases, it cancause a hydraulic lock and break the piston ring lands, or even bend theconnecting rods. This wont happen if you just do some simple math before youinstall a system.

If the engine power is known, then the amount of fuel can be estimated.Once you have some idea of how much fuel you are using at full engine speed,then you can calculate you water injection amount. Water injection decreases theamount of fuel you need, so you will want to be careful not to go over board.

Studies have shown that you want 15 to 25% of your total fuel load to be water.Beyond 25% water, it is said that there is not a lot of benefit.

For an engine that uses 500cc of fuel per minute, you will want a 125ccwater injection nozzle. Lower water pump pressures mean you need a biggernozzle, depending on the flow rating of the nozzle. Most nozzles are rated at 100


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PSI, but your water pump may only output 70 PSI. Also, you need to subtract thetotal boost pressure from the pump pressure. If you are running 20 PSI of boost inyour intake manifold, 70 PSI pump pressure becomes 50 PSI at the nozzle.

You should be careful not to activate the nozzle at low engine speed,because you will be getting a lot more water than you need. Your nozzle shouldkick on in the higher rpm ranges and only when the engine is under load.

For more information about water injection, you can visit RB Racingswebsite, http://www.rbracing-rsr.com. They have been using water injection formore than 20 years and have gained quite a bit of experience.

In the end, water injection is an experimental process. It is not somethingthe car companies will help with. Fortunately, water injection is fairly forgiving.It is better to have some water injection at high engine loads than none at all.

IV. Building a Water Fuel Cell

1. Electrolytic Cell Designs

And now for the part you have been waiting for all along. It is time to talk aboutwater fuel cell construction. Building your own hydrogen developing water fuel

cell is very easy. Water fuel cells are definitely not high tech nor do they have anymoving parts.

Replicating a water cell that is 1700% efficient will require a certain levelof expertise reserved for people like Stanley Meyer. His cell was mathematicallydesigned to exact specifications, and his electronic pulsing system took years ofdevelopment. For now, it is safe to assume that we cannot replicate the StanleyMeyer system, nor do we need to. It only takes a little hydrogen to help fueleconomy, so we dont need to spend the next 10 years developing a hydrogenpowered car. By the way, if you do happen to run your car on 100% water,without any gasoline, like Stan Meyer did, you better be careful who you hangoutwith. The fuel companies dont like that stuff. There is a very real danger in trying

to eliminate a trillion dollar global energy industry overnight. I wouldntrecommend it.

For us normal people who dont want to risk their lives copying StanMeyers designs, we can build a simple electrolysis cell with standard hardwarestore parts. Our cell will not operate in a mode of over-unity; it will consume a lot


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of electrical power, but thats ok. To improve gas mileage, a regular brute forceelectrolysis cell will work just fine. As it turns out, there is a lot of unused energyin gasoline. Hydrogen can unlock free energy that would otherwise be lost. If we

strain our cars electrical system a bit, thats ok.Regular electrolysis involves direct dc current. No special electric black

boxes or fancy gizmos are needed. You just need 4 to 6 plates of stainless steelin a water bath. The inner plates are neutral plates, they are not hooked to anywires. The plates on the outside get hooked up to battery voltage.

Because the water bath will have electrolyte (sodium hydroxide) in it, thewater conducts electricity. The voltage will jump between the plates even thoughthey are disconnected from everything else. By increasing the number of neutralplates that are not hooked to power, you are reducing your voltage by about 2volts per plate.

Electrolysis only takes about 2 volts. You dont need a lot of volts,

because it is the current flow that actually does the work. Extra voltage justincreases heat output which can overheat and evaporate all of the water.

You want to aim for about 2 volts total between each plate. To get thisvoltage, just divide the voltage by the number of plates. For example, if you areusing 24 volts for the input voltage, you will need 12 plates. If you are using 12volts (about 14 volts on a car), you want to use 6 plates.

If you find that electrolysis is not going well, you can remove one of theneutral plates. Do not remove more than 1 or 2 neutral plates because it is notnecessary and it will only create more heat. In all instances you will want to aimfor the lowest amount of heat in the water and a current draw of somewherebetween 20 and 55 amps depending upon the size of your cell. On small cars, you

want 20 to 30 amps, and on large heavy vehicles with powerful alternators, youcan go to 30 to 55 amps. Beyond that, you could risk draining your electricalsystem unless you have a very high output alternator. At low engine speeds yourcharging system may not be able to cope with the electrical load of theelectrolysis. You will have to experiment.

2. Construction

Hydrogen and oxygen gases will be made on demand. No extra pressure will beallowed to build inside your cell because all of the gases will be vented directly toyour engines intake hose. Any normal plastic or stainless steel container willwork fine. You dont need exotic materials. Acceptable containers include, blackwater drain pipe, grey electrical conduit or any type of strong PVC pipe. Afterdetermining the largest practical size of tube you can fit on your vehicle(preferably under the hood), you will cut a section of pipe and find two end caps.


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Soft rubber end caps work well. They are designed as plugs for waterdrain pipe in houses. You can find these black rubber end caps at the localhardware store. The benefit of these rubber end caps is their low pressure rating.

You want to build your cell to pop apart in the unlikely event you have acombustion flash back. If hard plastic end caps are used on your cell, be carefulthat you do not glue the top end cap on, otherwise it could make the cellexplosive.

A solid sealed container is not acceptable for making hydrogen, becausehydrogen is explosive, especially when mixed with oxygen. If you are using asolid sealed container, you need to have a large cap that can blow off in the eventof a flash back. A flash back can occur when the hydrogen exit tube is exposed tofire. The fire has the potential to travel back into the hydrogen cell causing anexplosion. Never use a glass container because glass containers are usually notcapable of withstanding a mild explosion. Ive seen glass jars explode like a

grenade from only a little pressure. Plastic PVC pipe will handle a lot of pressure,and the ends should blow off long before the pipe explodes. A plastic pop bottlewill not explode until well beyond 135 PSI. Plastic is very strong. For the ultimatesafety, use PVC pipe that is rated for high pressure, not thin stuff. Make sure theends are fitted with Teflon putty, or some other liquid sealant that doesnt hard. Agood sealant to use is liquid pipe thread compound with Teflon. Liquid threadcompound can seal just about anything, but it never hardens.

You want to build 4 x 9 plates, or 3 x 7 plates depending on how muchroom you have. You want the biggest plates you can get, but you also want thecell to be a practical size. You want to design the cell so when the water boils intohydrogen, there is sufficient liquid to cover the cells. Plates that are 9 tall will

not work in a 10 container. When the liquid boils into hydrogen, the plates willnot be submerged, so the cell output will not remain consistent. You want toachieve good consistent results, so the plates should always be submerged.Building the cell large and using small plates is a good idea. In this fashion, youcan avoid overheating your cell. Build it as tall as you can to make it practical.

Position your plates at the bottom of your cell so they are alwayssubmerged. For the wires running to the plates, keep them covered in shrink wrapso they cannot react and dissolve over time. You will want to use stainless steelwire, or stainless steel rods instead of wire to connect to the plates.

For the plates themselves, you will want to use clean, unpainted stainlesssteel. Do not use mild steel, aluminum, brass or galvanized metals because they

will react with the chemicals and they will break down very quickly. It isnt evenworth building a cell unless you are using stainless steel. Any type of 304, 306 orsimilar stainless can be used, but 316L seems to be the best.34


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The plates can be cut by a metal store. Most metal suppliers have theability to shear metal nice and clean. They can cut little squares for you. It will beexpensive to have them cut it for you, but it will save a lot of trouble. After you

have your 6 or 12 plates made, either 3 x 7 or something similar, you can begindrilling holes. You will want to set the plates together, and clamp them all into avice, so they are perfectly aligned. Now you will drill 4 holes, one in each corner.At the local hardware store, or nearest model aircraft parts store, you should beable to find 1/8 plastic bolts and nuts. You will use these bolts and nuts toassemble your cell. Between each plate, stick an 1/8 plastic nut or 3 plasticwashers for spacing. You want to be sure that your plates have adequate room forwater to flow between them. Plates should be stacked so they are in vertical rows,not horizontally. By being vertical, the hydrogen gas bubbles can escape the waterbath. Putting the plates too close together means you are risking electricaldisaster. You want to the cell to be resistant to shock and damage.

Once the plates are all bolted together, you are going to find a way tomount the plates inside your container. The best thing to do is mount everythingto the top cap, and then slide it on. You can glue the bottom cap on so it does notleak electrolyte. Just dont glue the top cap on, as you will need a way todisassemble your cell for inspection and repair later on if necessary.

You can use long stainless steel threaded rods to hold the plates to the topcap. The threaded rods can be used as the positive and negative signal wires. Besure to cover the threaded rods before you bolt it altogether. Use shrink wrap onthem to prevent them from coming in contact with the electrolyte.

There are hundreds of ways to build a cell. The important thing is that youbuild it sturdy. You do not want any loose connections. Loose connections mean

sparks, and sparks can lead to an explosion. You should put thread locker onevery electrical bolt. Otherwise use two nuts or a lock nut that cannot come loose.For the plastic bolts holding the cell together, you can simply superglue the plasticnuts and they will never fall apart. You will want the metal plates and connectingwires to be permanently attached with no possibility of them falling apart. Doeverything you can to make your cell sturdy.

When you are done putting you cell together, fill it up with distilled water,leaving 1 of clearance at the top for the bubbles. Start off with the least amountof electrolyte you can, and slowly increase it until you notice the water gettingvery warm after 20 minutes. Youll know you have too much electrolyte when thewater gets hot. Hot water evaporates, so youll be producing more steam vapor

than hydrogen.


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3. Operation

Different substances work better as electrolytes than others. Sodium hydroxide(lye) has been found to work better than just about any other substance and it iseasy to buy. Drain cleaner contains sodium hydroxide. If you are lucky, you canfind pure lye. But if you cant find pure lye, thats ok. The additives in cheapdrain cleaner shouldnt cause much of a problem, but you will need to experimentfirst to be sure. Foaming of the water bath means the solvent is not acceptable.Discoloration of the water, or the creation of solid chunks in the water means thatsomething is wrong, and youll need a different solvent.

Baking soda has been tried by many people, but it is not recommended. Itis said to create too much heat and lower the cells efficiency. Table salt (NaCl)creates chlorine gas, and that is very hazardous to health. It is also not nearly asefficient as lye.

Hydrogen flashbacks will not occur if you use a flash back arrestor. In thiscase, a water bubbler can be used to separate the water fuel cell from thehydrogen output hose. In addition to a bubbler, you will want to keep thehydrogen output hose on the outside of your throttle body. In this way, a backfireshould not be allowed to contact the hydrogen output hose.

You do not want to put the hydrogen output hose anywhere on your intakemanifold; this could lead to your engine filling up with hydrogen before it isstarted. It could lead to a dangerous backfire. Always position the hydrogenoutput hose somewhere on the rubber intake hose, or inside you air box. Thefarther away from the intake manifold you are, the more the hydrogen and oxygencan mix with the intake air before entering the cylinders, this should lead to better

performance.On most cells, an increase in efficiency can be realized with the use of a

pulse generator, but that increases difficulty. For now, we are going to focus onthe cell design only. Pulse generators are a separate subject, and they involve anadvanced understanding of electrical circuits. They will not be covered here. Butif you do know how to build a pulse generator, it can be used on a regularelectrolysis cell to enhance efficiency.

You will want to attach a large high amperage relay to your water cell.You can hook it up directly to a toggle switch, but you could damage the toggleswitch by sending too many amps through it. A 50 100 amp circuit breaker or afuse is recommended. You can use a circuit breaker off a new car, many cars in

the junkyard can be found with high amp circuit breakers. Just take one out of thefuse box and rig up some wires to it. The good thing is that circuit breakers areresettable if you do encounter a problem.


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Initially you will want to test your cell with your engine turned off. Youwant to figure out how much hydrogen you are making and how many amps youare drawing. You should shoot for 30 amps or less for a small cell, and up to 55

amps for a large cell. Keep in mind that the upper limit is going to be determinedby the amount of heat you are creating. Too much heat means you need to use lesselectrolyte. Test the cell over a period of 20 minutes or longer to determine if itoverheats. If the water is too hot to touch, that is too hot. You can touch the sideof the container to get a good estimate of how hot it is. Reduce electrolyte untilyou are creating hydrogen without excessive heat.

The best way to test the output is to use a balloon strapped to the end ofthe hydrogen output hose. Stick the balloon under water, in a container of water.As the hydrogen fills the balloon, the balloon will displace the water, and the levelof the water will rise in the container. The amount of water that is displaced is theamount of hydrogen and oxygen you are making.

If you find that your cell is becoming too hot too quickly, or simplydrawing too many amps for the charging system, simply reduce the amount ofelectrolyte in the water. You can do this by removing some of the liquid in thecell and replacing it with plain distilled water. Also, be sure you are using distilledwater, or purified tap water, because iron, chlorine and other impurities canincrease current draw more than is intended, creating more heat.

Congratulations! You are making HHO! If you got this far, then youprobably have a working cell. If you do, then you are ready to start saving gas. Inthe next section we will review test data that has been collected on HHO boostedgasoline vehicles. After that we will review some advanced principles of engineoperation that are important to understand if you want to get maximum engine

performance.

VI. Improving Gas Mileage

1. Air/Fuel Mixtures

For the few of us with emissions exempt vehicles, there is good news. We cansave gas, even without adding hydrogen, by simply leaning out the fuel mixture.Using a wideband exhaust oxygen meter to measure air/fuel ratios, we can adjustthe fuel mixture to 15:1 to 16.5:1 under steady state, light load conditions, such aswhen cruising on the highway. This mixture has the potential for much better fuelmileage as compared to the normal 14.7:1 ratio.


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When you exceed 17:1 air/fuel, gasoline provides poor combustion andpoor engine performance.35 At this lean ratio, gasoline does not burn fast enough,or hot enough; as a result, most engines will run rough with a dramatic decline in

power output. If you use hydrogen supplementation, you should be able to gobeyond the 18:1 threshold under very light throttle situations, such as whencruising at low speed in top gear.

Tuning a car to run extra lean is not something that every person can do.Because few people have actually put hydrogen boosted cars on a dyno, you areon your own when it comes to tuning. There is no magic formula to make yourparticular engine run perfect. You should tune by using an EGT meter, awideband meter and a good ear. Beyond that, you will need lots of patience. Witha stand alone management system, you should be able to reduce the total fuelrequirements dramatically with hydrogen supplementation.

2. Exhaust Gas Temperature EGT

If adding hydrogen or just modifying your stock engine, an exhaust gastemperature gauge is the only way to monitor combustion temperatures. If you aretrying to add a lot of hydrogen, or converting to a different fuel, you will need anEGT gauge to prevent engine damage.

Peak EGT occurs near the stoichiometric setting of 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio forgasoline.

36One method of tuning for hydrogen injection would be to measure the

EGT on the engine before adding hydrogen. After adding hydrogen, try to keepthe EGT the same as it was before. EGT gauges can be purchased from Summit

Racing, or Jegs. I have found that Autometer makes a very rugged gauge andEGT sensor kit.

EGT sensors can be used anywhere on the exhaust stream, but the closerto the exhaust valve, the better. The problem is, at low engine speeds, heat is lostinto the exhaust manifold. If you put your EGT sensor down near your muffler,you will not be getting the same temperature reading that your exhaust valve isactually seeing. You want to keep your sensor within a few inches of your exhaustvalve. The best thing to do is drill and tap a 1/8 NPT hole in the side of theexhaust manifold at the thickest point, somewhere where it wont damage themanifold, and this hole should be on one of the exhaust runners. You only need topull exhaust temperature from one cylinder. The most important thing is getting

the sensor as close to the exhaust valve as possible. The EGT gauge will reactinstantly to changes in the exhaust temperature. It is a very accurate and easy togauge to use, however it only works properly if you are keep it close to theexhaust valve.

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To tune for hydrogen, you will try to tune so your EGTs register the sameas they did before you added hydrogen. This applies to a pure hydrogen vehicle,or a regular gasoline vehicle that is simply augmented with hydrogen injection.

EGTs temps are critical because engines cannot physically handle extremely highcombustion temperatures. Exhaust valves can be damaged, and pistons canactually melt if you are running high power output with EGTs above 1330F forsustained periods.

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According to the Simple Digital Systems website,

Some gauge manufacturers say you should tune to achieve maximum or

peak EGT for maximum performance. This is incorrect. Peak EGT

generally occurs at an AFR of around 14.7- 15.0 to 1 on gasoline. This is far

too lean for maximum power and is dangerous under continuous WOT

conditions. Many people think that the leaner you go, the higher the EGTgets. This is also incorrect. Peak EGT occurs at stoichiometry - about 15 to 1

for our purposes. If you go richer than 15 to 1, EGT will drop and if you go

leaner than 15 to 1 EGT will ALSO drop. It is VERY important to know

which side of peak EGT you are on before making adjustments. It is safe to

say that peak power will occur at an EGT somewhat colder than peakEGT.

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When cruising you will want to stay around 1100F. To be safe, alwaysstay below 1450 F degrees under full throttle conditions. On my vehicle, I getmaximum power at about 1450F degrees with a turbocharger and a 12.5:1 air/fuelratio. My sensor is located 1 away from the cylinder head, directly threaded into

the exhaust manifold, on the #4 exhaust runner.Higher EGTs mean you are not running enough fuel. Higher EGTs could

also indicate an overly retarded ignition timing setting. If you keep everything thesame, and simply advance ignition timing, you should see the EGTs begin todrop, as more heat is retained inside the engine, and less heat is able to escape inthe exhaust stream. At engine idle, the EGT gauge is very useful for setting theignition timing, but not the fuel mixture. My idle EGT dropped from 1000F, downto 650F by changing only the ignition timing. I went from 12 degrees BTDC, to32 degrees BTDC, while retaining the same 13.0:1 air/fuel ratio.


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3. Wideband Oxygen Sensors

A wideband fuel mixture meter consists of an oxygen sensor and a gauge.Wideband fuel mixture meters are the hottest trend in engine tuning. They used tobe so expensive that nobody could afford them, except special engine shops. Butnow, priced at $250, they are more affordable.

If you plan on doing any engine tuning at all, you absolutely have to havea wideband oxygen sensor kit. There is no reason to risk damaging your enginefrom over lean or over rich fuel mixtures.

The largest and best manufacturers of wideband fuel mixture meters areAEM and Innovate Motorsports. AEM has something called a UEGO kit, with adigital gauge and Bosch O2 sensor. It is cheaper than the LC-1 gauge and sensorkit offered by Innovate, and more reliable too. The LC-1 is claimed to be more

accurate, but the LC-1 has been known to malfunction time and time again for noapparent reason. My own LC-1 died after about 4 minutes of use. I bought anAEM and I havent looked back. Both the AEM and the LC-1 have an auxiliaryoutput wire that you can use to feed a simulated narrow band oxygen sensorvoltage to the stock ECU. This is essential if you are driving a stock vehicle.Otherwise you can use the auxiliary output wire to record the fuel mixture on alap top as you drive. This is known as data-logging. By data-logging your fuelmixture, you can monitor it later when the vehicle is off and make smalladjustments to the engine if necessary. When choosing a wideband meter, checkfirst to see that it has an auxiliary output.

If you are starting from scratch and have no baseline air fuel ratios, you

can simply setup your engine as follows. On normal gasoline car engines, withoutany fuel additives, you will want to aim for a 12.5:1 air/fuel with a turbochargedor supercharged engine at full boost, 12.5:1 13.5:1 air/fuel without boost at fullthrottle and 14.7 to 16.5 at light throttle cruise. Never go below 12.5:1 air/fuelbecause you will be sending a lot of unburned fuel out of your exhaust, creatingmore pollution, wasting money, and lowering power. If you are getting detonationwith a 12.5:1 air/fuel ratio, it means you need water injection, decreased(retarded) ignition timing, less boost, an intercooler, or higher octane fuel.

4. Modifying the Stock Oxygen Sensor

On stock cars, we are limited by the stock computer and narrow band oxygensensor arrangement. Some new cars even have more accurate wide band oxygenmeters that keep things regulated more strictly than ever before. Changing the fuelmixture on a normal computerized car is difficult. It involves tricking the ECU, orthe oxygen sensor its self. Fortunately there is a way to do it. One way is to hook


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up voltage to the oxygen sensors main + wire. On a one wire oxygen sensor, youwould hook up a positive voltage to the single wire. One a 4 wire oxygen sensor,two of the wires are for the heating element, and only one wire is a positive wire

for the signal. You will need to determine which wire that is. This applies for 2and 3 wire sensors as well.

Oxygen sensors only run within a very narrow range, about .20 to .80 voltsnormally. You will want to raise the voltage at the sensor to trick the computerinto thinking your engine is running rich. Rich fuel mixtures make the sensorproduce more voltage, while lower voltages indicate a lean condition. The enginecomputer constantly monitors sensor voltage and changes the fuel mixture slightlydepending on the

Documents

Convert Your Car to Run on Water as Well as Gasoline Guide