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1
Conversions1. Statethefollowingmeasuredquantitiesinthe
unitsindicated.a. 5.2cmofmagnesiumribboninmillilitersb. 0.049kgofsulphuringramsc. 1.60mLofethanolinmicrolitersd. 0.0025gofvitaminAinmicrogramse. 0.020kgoftininmilligramsf. 3kLofsalinesolutioninliters
2. Statethefollowingmeasuredquantitiesintheunitsindicated.
a. 150mgofaspiriningramsb. 2500mLofaspirininlitersc. 0.5gofsodiuminkilogramsd. 55Lofcarbondioxidegasinkiloliterse. 35mmincentimetersf. 8740minkilolitersg. 209nminmillimetersh. 500000μginkilograms
3. ThegreatestdistancebetweentheEarthandsunduringEarth’srevolutionis152millionkilometers.Whatisthedistanceinmegameters?
4. Howmanymillilitersofwaterwillittaketofilla2.00Lbottlethatalreadycontains1.87Lofwater?
5. Apieceofcopperwireis150cmlong.Howlongisthewireinmillimeters?Howmany50mmsegmentsofwirecanbecutfromthelength?
6. Theladleatanironfactorycanhold8500kgofmolteniron;646metrictonsofironareneededtomaketherails.Howmanyladlefulsofironwillittaketomake646metrictonsofiron?(1metricton=1000kg)
7. Statethefollowingmeasuredquantitiesintheunitsindicated.
a. 310000cm3ofconcreteincubicmetersb. 6.5m2ofsteelsheetinsquare
centimetersc. 0.035m3ofchlorineincubiccentimetersd. 0.49cm2ofcopperinsquaremillimeterse. 1200dm3ofaceticacidsolutionincubic
metersf. 87.5mm3ofactiniumincubiccentimetersg. 250000cm2ofpolyethylenesheetin
squaremeters8. Howmanypalisadecellsfromplantleaveswould
fitinavolumeof1.0cm3ofcellsiftheaveragevolumeofapalisadecellis0.0147mm3?
9. Converteachofthefollowingquantitiestotherequiredunit.
a. 12.75Mmtokilometersb. 277cmtometersc. 30560m2tohectares(1ha=10000m2)d. 81.9cm2tosquaremeterse. 300000kmtomegameters
10. Converteachofthefollowingquantitiestotherequiredunit.
a. 0.62kmtometersb. 3857gtomilligramsc. 0.0036mLtomicrolitersd. 0.342metrictonstokg(1metricton=
1000kg)e. 68.71kLtoliters
ANSWERS1. a. 52mm b. 49g c. 1600µL d. 2500µg e. 20000mg f. 3000L2. a. 0.15g b. 2.5L c. 0.0005kg d. 0.055kL e. 3.5cm f. 8.74km g. 0.000209mm h. 0.0005kg3. 152000Mm4. 130mL5. 1500mm;30pieces6. 76ladlefuls
7. a. 0.31m³ b. 65000cm² c. 35000cm³ d. 49mm² e. 1.2m³ f. 0.0875cm³ g. 25m²8. 68027cells9. a. 12750m b. 2.77m c. 3.056hectares d. 0.00819m² e. 300Mm10. a. 620m b. 3875000mg c. 3.6µL d. 342kg e. 68710L
2
SignificantFigures1. Determinethenumberofsignificantfiguresinthe
followingmeasurements.a. 640cm3 b.200.0mLc. 0.5200g d.1.005kge. 10000L f.20.900cmg.0.00000056g/L h.0.04002kgi. 790001cm2 j.665.000m
2.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpresstheresultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures.
a. 47.0m÷2.2s b. 140cmx35cm c. 5.88kg÷200m3 d. 0.0050m2x0.042m e. 300.3L÷180.s f. 33.00cm2x2.70cm g. 35000kJ÷0.250min 3.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpressthe
resultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures.
a.22.0m+5.28m+15.5m b.0.042kg+1.229kg+0.502kg c. 170cm2+3.5cm2–28cm2 d.0.003L+0.0048L+0.100L e.24.50dL+4.30dL+10.2dL f. 3200mg+325mg–688mg g.14000kg+8000kg+590kg
4.Determinethenumberofsignificantfiguresinthefollowingmeasurements.
a. 0.0120m b. 100.5m c. 101g d. 350cm2 e. 0.97km f. 1000kg g. 180.mm h. 0.4936L i. 0.020700s
5.Roundthefollowingquantitiestothespecifiednumberofsignificantfigures. a. 5487129mtothreesignificantfigures b. 0.013479265mLtosixsig.figures c. 31947.972cm2tofoursignificantfigures d. 192.6739m2tofivesignificantfigures e. 786.9164cmtotwosignificantfigures f. 389277600Jtosixsignificantfigures g. 225834.762tosevensignificantfigures
6.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpresstheresultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures. a. 651cmx75cm b. 7.835kg÷2.5L c. 14.75L÷1.20s d. 360cmx51cmx9.07cm e. 5.18mx0.77mx10.22m f. 34.95g÷11.169cm3 7.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpresstheresultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures. a. 7.945J+82.3J–0.02J b. 0.0012m–0.00045m–0.00011m c. 500g+432g+2g d. 31.2kPa+0.0035kPA–0.147kPA e. 312dL–31.2dL–3.12dL f. 1701kg+50kg+43kg
8.Arectanglemeasures87.59cmby35.1mm.Expressitsareawiththepropernumberofsignificantfiguresinthespecifiedunit.
a.incm2 b.inmm2 c.inm2 9.Aboxmeasures900.mmby31.5mmby6.3cm.Stateitsvolumewiththepropernumberofsignificantfiguresinthespecifiedunit.
a.incm3 b.inm3 c.inmm3
ANSWERS1. a. 2 b. 4 c. 4 d. 4 e. 1 f. 5 g. 2 h. 4 i. 6 j. 62. a. 21m/s b. 4900cm² c. 0.03kg/m³ d. 0.00021m³ e. 1.67L/s f. 89.1cm³ g. 140000kJ/min3. a. 42.8m b. 1.773kg
c. 150cm² d. 0.108L e. 39.0dL f. 2800mg g. 23000kg4. a. 3 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2 e. 2 f. 1 g. 3 h. 4 i. 55. a. 5490000m b. 0.0134793mL c. 31950cm² d. 192.67m² e. 790cm f. 389278000J
g. 225834.8cm³6. a. 49000cm² b. 3.1kg/L c. 12.3L/s d. 170000cm³ e. 41m³ f. 3.129g/cm³7. a. 90.2J b. 0.0006m c. 900g d. 31.1kPa e. 278dL f. 1790kg8. a. 307cm² b. 30700mm² c. 0.0307m²9. a. 1800cm³ b. 0.0018m³ c. 1800000mm³
3
ScientificNotation1. Expressthefollowingquantitiesinscientificnotation.
a. 8800000000mb. 0.0015kgc. 0.00000000006kg/m3d. 8002000Hze. 0.009003Af. 70000000000000000kmg. 6028Lh. 0.2105gi. 600005000kJ/hj. 33.8m2
2. Carryoutthefollowingcalculations.Expresstheresultsinscientificnotationandwiththecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.a. 4.74x104km+7.71x103km+1.05x103kmb. 2.75x10-4m+8.03x10-5m+2.122x10-3mc. 4.0x10-5m3+6.85x10-6m3–1.05x10-5m3d. 3.15x102mg+3.15x103mg+3.15x104mge. 3.01x1022atoms+1.19x1023atoms+9.80x1021atomsf. 6.85x107nm+4.0229x108nm–8.38x106nm
3. Carryoutthefollowingcomputationsandexpresstheresultinscientificnotation.a. 7.20x103cmx8.08x103cmb. 3.7x104mmx6.6x104mmx9.89x103mmc. 8.27x102mx2.5x10-3mx3.00x10-4md. 4.44x10-35mx5.55x1019mx7.69x10-12kge. 6.55x104dmx7.89x109dmx4.01893x105dm
4. Carryoutthefollowingcomputationsandexpresstheresultinscientificnotation.a. 2.290x107cm÷4.44x103sb. 1.788x10-5L÷7.111x10-3m2c. 5.515x104L÷6.04x103kmd. 3.29x10-4km÷1.48x10-2mine. 4.73x10-4g÷(2.08x10-3kmx5.60x10-4km)
5. Expressthefollowingquantitiesinscientificnotation.a. 158000kmb. 0.000009783Lc. 837100000cm3d. 6500000000mm2e. 0.00593gf. 0.00000000613mg. 12552000Jh. 0.000008004g/Li. 0.010995kgj. 1050000000Hz
6. Carryoutthefollowingcalculations.Expresstheresultsinscientificnotationandwiththecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.a. 1.54x10-1L÷2.36x10-4sb. 3.890x104mmx4.71x102mm2c. 9.571x103kg÷3.82x10-1m2d. 8.33x103km÷1.97x102se. 9.36x102mx3.82x103mx9.01x10-1mf. 6.377x104J÷7.35x10-3s
ANSWERS1. a. 8.8x109m b. 1.5x10-3kg c. 6x10-11kg/m³ d. 8.002x106Hz e. 9.003x10-3A f. 7x1016km g. 6.028x103L h. 2.105x10-1g i. 6.00005x108kJ/h j. 3.38x101m²2. a. 5.62x104km b. 2.477x10-3m c. 3.6x10-5m3 d. 3.50x104mg
e. 1.59x1023atoms f. 4.624x108nm3. a. 5.82x107cm2 b. 2.4x1013mm3 c. 6.2x10-4m3 d. 1.89x10-26kg·m2 e. 2.08x1020dm34. a. 5.29x103cm/s b. 2.514x10-3L/m2 c. 9.13L/km d. 2.22x10-2km/min e. 4.06x102g/km25. a. 1.58x105km b. 9.782x10-6L
c. 8.371x108cm3 d. 6.5x109mm2 e. 5.93x10-3g f. 6.13x10-9m g. 1.2552x107J h. 8.004x10-6g/L i. 1.0995x10-2kg j. 1.05x109Hz6. a. 6.53x102L/s b. 1.83x107mm3 c. 2.51x104kg/m2 d. 4.23x101km/s e. 3.22x106m3 f. 8.68x106J/s
4
FormulaManipulation
5
ManipulatingFormulas#2Solveforxintheequationsbelow.1.s=ax-t 2.s=ar–x 3.g=x2a+n 4.a=b–kx
5.b=ha+x2
6.t=byax
7.t=bxay
8.a=b–dx
9.u=t+vx2
10.q=px-r
11.q=xr+ p
12.h=f-ax
ANSWERS1.x=s+t a2.x=ar–s 3.x=±√g-n a4.x=-a+b k
5.x=±√b-ha
6.x=atby
7.x=tbay
8.x=-a+b
d
9.x=±√u-t v10.x=qp+rpORx=p(q+r) 11.x=r q-p12.x=-ah+afORx=-a(h-f)
6
Lab-TheThicknessofanAluminumSheetPurpose: Tomathematicallydeterminethethicknessofanaluminumsheet.Materials: Aluminumfoil(2thicknesses) Metricruler BalanceBackgroundInformation: DensityofAluminumè2.70g/cm3
D=Vm
A=l×w V=l×w×hPrelabQuestions: 1.Whatisthevolumeofablockthathasthedimensions: L=8.20cm,W=2.25cm,H=1.00cm?
2.Ifthedensityofasubstanceis0.525g/cm3andthevolumeofasampleofthissubstanceis18.25cm3,whatisthemassofthissample?
3.Apieceofpaperisknowntohaveanareaof30.2cm2andhasavolumeof5.2×10-3cm3.Whatisthethicknessofthepaper?
Procedure:1.Useyourrulertofindthelengthandwidthofthealuminumsheetyouhavebeenprovidedwith. 2.Usethebalancetofindthemassofyouraluminumsheet. 3.Repeatthesestepswithyoursecondpieceofaluminumfoil.
Sheet Length(cm) Width(cm) Mass(g)Thin Thick
4.Usetheinformationthatyouhavecalculatedinthefirstchartinordertofilloutthesecondchart.
Sheet Area(cm2) Volume(cm3) Thickness(cm)Thin Thick
Post-LabQuestions:
1.Couldthismethodbeusedtodeterminethethicknessofanoilspill?Whatinformationwouldbeneeded?2.Averythinlayerofgoldplatingwasplacedonametaltrythatmeasured25.22cmby13.22cm.Thegoldplatingincreasedthemassoftheplateby0.0512g.Calculatethethicknessoftheplating.Thedensityofgoldis19.32g/cm3.3.Bymistake,oneliter(1000cm3)ofoilwasdumpedintoaswimmingpoolthatmeasures25.0mby30.0m.Thedensityoftheoilwas0.750g/cm3.Howthickwastheresultingoilslick?
7
NamingIonicCompounds
A. Writethepropernameforeachofthefollowing.1. BaF2 2. FeCl33. Ag2C2O4 4. Cr(ClO)35. Li3PO4 6. Na2O7. Mn(HS)2 8. KNO29. Sn(CH3COO)4 10. CaO
B. Writeachemicalformulaforeachofthefollowingcompounds.1. Bariumnitrate 2. Lead(II)acetate3. Magnesiumsulphite 4. Mercury(I)sulphate5. Iron(II)phosphate 6. Iron(III)phosphate7. Lithiumbisulphate 8. Copper(II)oxalate9. Copper(I)dichromate 10. Chromium(III)chromate11. Tin(IV)bicarbonate 12. Ammoniumsulphate
ANSWERSA. 1. Bariumfluoride 2. Iron(III)chloride 3. Silveroxalate 4. Chromium(III)hypochlorite 5. Lithiumphosphate 6. Sodiumoxide 7. Manganese(II)bisulfide 8. Potassiumnitrite 9. Tin(IV)acetate 10. CalciumoxideB. 1. Ba(NO3)2 2. Pb(CH3COO)2 3. MgSO3 4. Hg2SO4 5. Fe3(PO4)2 6. FePO4 7. LiHSO4 8. Cr2(CrO4)3 9. Sn(HCO3)4 10. (NH4)2SO4
8
MixedNaming-IonicandMolecularCompounds
Givethenamesforthesecompounds:
1) Na2CO3 2) NaOH 3) MgBr2 4) CO 5) ICl 6) KNO2 7) FeCl2 8) OCl2 9) FeCl3 10) Zn(OH)2 11) BeSO3 12) CrF2 13) CCl4 14) Al2S3 15) PbO 16) SI3 17) Li3PO4 18) CO2 19) Ti(HCO3)4 20) Co3N221) NBr3 22) Mg3P2 23) SeCl2 24) P4O10 25) N2O3 26) CS2 27) P2O5 28) SO3 29) Ga(NO3)3 30) Ag2SO4 31) SF6 32) NH4OH 33) Al2(CO3)3 34) Be(CH3COO)2
Givetheformulaforthefollowingcompounds:
1) magnesiumnitrate2) dinitrogenpentoxide3) lead(II)sulfate4) calciumnitrite5) tetraphosphorusdecoxide6) ammoniumsulfate7) silverbicarbonate8) phosphorustrichloride9) aluminumsulfide10) berylliumchloride11) copper(I)arsenide12) iron(III)oxide13) dinitrogenmonoxide14) galliumnitride15) carbonmonoxide16) iron(II)bromide17) dinitrogentrioxide18) vanadium(V)phosphate19) calciumoxide20) silicondioxide21) magnesiumacetate22) aluminumsulfite23) telluriumtrioxide24) copper(I)carbonate25) ammoniumoxide26) bariumchlorate27) carbontetrachloride28) silverbromide29) lead(IV)nitrate30) carbondisulfide
9
ANSWERS
Givethenamesforthesecompounds:
1) Na2CO3 sodiumcarbonate 2) NaOH sodiumhydroxide 3) MgBr2 magnesiumbromide 4) CO carbonmonoxide 5) ICl iodinemonochloride 6) KNO2 potassiumnitrite 7) FeCl2 iron(II)chloride 8) OCl2 oxygendichloride 9) FeCl3 iron(III)chloride 10) Zn(OH)2 zinchydroxide 11) BeSO3 berylliumsulfite 12) CrF2 chromium(II)fluoride 13) CCl4 carbontetrachloride 14) Al2S3 aluminumsulfide 15) PbO lead(II)oxide 16) SI3 sulfurtriiodide 17) Li3PO4 lithiumphosphate 18) CO2 carbondioxide 19) Ti(HCO3)4 titanium(IV)bicarbonate20) Co3N2 cobalt(II)nitride21) NBr3 nitrogentribromide 22) Mg3P2 magnesiumphosphide23) SeCl2 seleniumdichloride 24) P4O10 tetraphosphorusdecoxide25) N2O3 dinitrogentrioxide 26) CS2 carbondisulfide 27) P2O5 diphosphorouspentoxide 28) SO3 sulfurtrioxide 29) Ga(NO3)3 galliumnitrate 30) Ag2SO4 silversulfate 31) SF6 sulfurhexafluoride 32) NH4OH ammoniumhydroxide 33) Al2(CO3)3 aluminumcarbonate 34) Be(CH3COO)2berylliumacetate
Givetheformulaforthefollowingcompounds:
1) magnesiumnitrate Mg(NO3)22) dinitrogenpentoxide N2O53) lead(II)sulfate PbSO44) calciumnitrite Ca(NO2)25) tetraphosphorusdecoxide P4O106) ammoniumsulfate (NH4)2SO47) silverbicarbonate AgHCO38) phosphorustrichloride PCl39) aluminumsulfide Al2S310) berylliumchloride BeCl211) copper(I)arsenide Cu3As12) iron(III)oxide Fe2O313) dinitrogenmonoxide N2O14) galliumnitride GaN15) carbonmonoxide CO16) iron(II)bromide FeBr217) dinitrogentrioxide N2O318) vanadium(V)phosphate V3(PO4)519) calciumoxide CaO20) silicondioxide SiO221) magnesiumacetate Mg(CH3COO)222) aluminumsulfite Al2(SO3)323) telluriumtrioxide TeO324) copper(I)carbonate Cu2CO325) ammoniumoxide (NH4)2O26) bariumchlorate Ba(ClO3)227) carbontetrachloride CCl428) silverbromide AgBr29) lead(IV)nitrate Pb(NO3)430) carbondisulfide CS2
10
OrganicChemistry:Alkanes
Copythefollowingtableintoyournotesandthencompletethetable:
Name MolecularFormula
StructuralFormula CondensedStructuralFormula
Methane
CH4
CH4
CH3–CH2–CH3
Butane
C6H14
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3
11
ANSWERS
Name MolecularFormula
StructuralFormula CondensedStructuralFormula
Methane
CH4
CH4
Ethane
C2H6
CH3–CH3
Propane
C3H8
CH3–CH2–CH3
Butane
C4H10
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH3
Hexane
C6H14
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2-CH3
Heptane
C7H16
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3
12
Alkanes-Namethefollowingcompounds.1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13
13. 14.
15. 16.
17. 18.
19. 20.
ANSWERS1. 3-methylpentane 2. 2,3-dimethylpentane3. 2-methylpentane 4. 3,3-diethylhexane5. 4-ethylheptane 6. 3,4-dimethylheptane7. 4-ethyl-5-propyloctane 8. 4-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylheptane9. 4-ethyl-3,3,4-trimethylheptane 10. 2,2,3-trimethylpentane11. 6-ethyl-4-methyl-5,5,6-tripropyldecane 12. 4-ethyl-3-methyl-4-propyloctane13. 5-ethyl-5,6,6-trimethyldecane 14. 3,4-diethyl-5-methyl-5-propyloctane15. 4-ethyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-propylnonane 16. 4,5,5-triethyl-3-methyl-4-propyloctane17. 3-methylhexane 18. 5-ethyl-3,4,4-trimethyl-5-propyloctane19. 3-ethyl-4,5-dipropyloctane 20. 4,6-diethyl-4,6,7-trimethyl-5,5-dipropyldecane
14
Alkenes-Namethefollowingcompounds.1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11. 12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
ANSWERS1. 1-ethene 2. 2-methyl-1-propene3. 1,2-propadiene 4. 2-methyl-1-propene5. 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene 6. 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene7. 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butene 8. 2-butene9. 2-methyl-2-butene 10. 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene11. 1,2-butadiene 12. cis1,3-butadiene13. trans1,3-butadiene 14. 1-pentene15. 3-methyl-1-pentene 16. 4-methyl-1-pentene17. 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene 18. 3,3-dimethyl-1-pentene19. 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene 20. 3-ethyl-1-pentene
15
Alkenes&Alkynes-Namethefollowingcompounds.1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
Drawthecondensedmolecularformulaforthefollowingorganiccompounds:
1.3-octene 2.2,4-dimethyl-2-pentene
3.4-ethyl-3-methyl-2-hexene 4.2-methyl-1-propene
5.3,4-diethyl-1-hexyne 6.5-ethyl-4-propyl-2-heptyne
ANSWERS:1. 2-hexene 2. 2-methyl-2-butene3. 3,3-dimethyl-1-pentene 4. 4-ethyl-2-hexene5. 3-methyl-1-butyne 6. 4-methyl-2-hexyne7. trans3,4-dimethyl-3-hexene 8. cis3,4-dimethyl-3-hexene 9. 1-pentyne 10. 2,4-dimethyl-3-hexene1. 2.
3.
4.
5. 6.
16
FC1-MakingObservationsfromaChemicalReactionPurpose:Toexaminethereactionsbetweensolidaluminumandanaqueouscopper(II)chloridesolution. Topredictandwriteabalancedequationfromthereactionofsolidaluminumandanaqueouscopper
(II)chloridesolution.Materials:ChunkofAluminum
Copper(II)chlorideDistilledWater
StirringRod 250mLbeaker
ElectronicBalanceWeighBoatGraduatedCylinderThermometer
Procedure: 1.Getapairofsafetyglassesandkeepthemonthroughoutthelab.
2.Obtainapieceofaluminum. 3.Obtainaweighboatandheadtoanelectronicbalance.Placetheweighboatonthebalanceand
pressthe‘TARE/ZERO’button.MeasureoutEXACTLY1.35gofcopper(II)chloride.GoslowlyandNEVERreturnextrachemicalsbackintothestockbottle!
***Whywouldyoubeaskedtohitthe‘TARE/ZERO’button?***4.Placethecopper(II)chlorideintoyour250mLbeakerandthenuseagraduatedcylindertomeasureandaddexactly50.0mLofdistilledwater.Stirthesolutionusingyourstirringrod.
5.Makeasmanyqualitativeandquantitativeobservationsasyoucanandrecordtheminthetablebelow.
6.Carefullyplacethepieceofaluminumintothecopper(II)chloridesolutionandagainmakeasmanyqualitativeandquantitativeobservationsasyoucaninatablesimilartotheonebelow.Forobservations,considerthematerialsthatyouarebeingprovidedwith.Letthereactionoccurfor15-20minutesbeforeclean-up.
7.Todisposeofyoursolution,carefullypourallofyourmaterialsintothecontainerlabeled‘waste’thatisfoundinthefumehood.
8.Cleanupallofyourglasswareandyourworkarea. 9.Answertheanalysisquestionsprovided.Observations:
Before AfterQualitativeObservations
QuantitativeObservations
Analysis:
1. Duringtheexperiment,whattypeofreactionoccurred?2. Writeabalancedreactionforthisexperiment(donotincludewaterasoneofthereactants).3. DoesthisexperimentdemonstratetheLawofConservationofMass?Howcanyoutell?4. Whathappenedtothetemperatureduringthisexperiment?Isthisanexampleofan
endothermicreactionoranexothermicreaction?Explain.5. Whatwasthebrownishprecipitatethatwasfoundinyourbeakerattheconclusionofthelab?
17
WritingandBalancingEquations
1. Manganese(IV)oxidereactswithhydrogenmonochloridetoproducemanganese(II)chloride,water,andchlorine.
2. Phosphorousreactswithhydrogensulphateandproduceshydrogenphosphate,sulphurdioxide,anddihydrogenmonoxide.
3. Carbonmonoxidereactswithiron(III)oxidetomakeironandcarbondioxide.
4. Hydrogenperchloratereactswithtetraphosphorousdecaoxidetocreatehydrogenphosphateand
dichlorineheptaoxide.
5. Calciumphosphidereactswithwatertomakecalciumhydroxideandphosphoroustrihydride.
6. 3-methyl-4-octynereactswithoxygentoproducecarbondioxideanddihydrogenmonoxide.
7. Copperreactswithhydrogennitratetoproducecopper(II)nitrate,nitrogenmonoxideandwater.
8. Iron(III)oxalatedecomposesandformsiron(II)oxalateandcarbondioxide.
9. Carbonreactswithhydrogennitratetomakenitrogendioxide,carbondioxideandwater.
10. Potassiumchromatereactswithhydrogenmonochlorideandproducespotassiumchloride,chromium(III)chloride,dihydrogenmonoxide,andchlorine.
11. Iron(III)chloridereactswithdihydrogenmonosulfidetoproduceiron(II)chloride,hydrogen
monochlorideandsulphur.ANSWERS1.MnO2+4HCl→MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2
2.P4+10H2SO4→4H3PO4+10SO2+4H2O
3.3CO+Fe2O3→2Fe+3CO2
4.12HClO4+P4O10→4H3PO4+6Cl2O7
5.Ca3P2+6H2O→3Ca(OH)2+2PH3
6.C9H16+13O2→9CO2+8H2O
7.3Cu+8HNO3→3Cu(NO3)2+2NO+4H2O
8.Fe2(C2O4)3→2FeC2O4+2CO2
9.C+4HNO3→4NO2+CO2+2H2O10.2K2CrO4+16HCl→4KCl+2CrCl3+8H2O+3Cl211. 16FeCl3+8H2S→16FeCl2+16HCl+S8
18
Writetheformulaequations,balanceandstatethetypeofreaction.1.Ironreactswithoxygentoformiron(III)oxide.2.Zincreactswithlead(II)nitratetoformleadandzincnitrate.3.Pentaneisburnedinthepresenceofoxygentoformcarbondioxideandwater.4.Ammoniumsulfidereactswithzincchloridetoformammoniumchlorideandzincsulfide.5.Galliumreactswithhydrogenbromidetoformgalliumbromideandhydrogen.6.Sodiumbicarbonatereactstoformsodiumcarbonate,carbondioxideandwater.7.Magnesiumphosphatereactswithpotassiumhydroxidetoformmagnesiumhydroxideandpotassiumphosphate.8.Lithiumhydroxidereactswithiron(III)nitratetoformiron(III)hydroxideandlithiumnitrate.9.Propenegasisburnedinthepresenceofoxygentoformcarbondioxideandwater.10.Aluminumcarbonatereactswithsodiumperchloratetoformaluminumperchlorateandsodiumcarbonate.ANSWERS1.4Fe+3O2"2Fe2O3 synthesis2Zn+Pb(NO3)2"Pb+Zn(NO3)2 singlereplacement3.C5H12+8O2"5CO2+6H2O combustion4.(NH4)2S+ZnCl2"2NH4Cl+ZnS doublereplacement5.2Ga+6HBr"2GaBr3+3H2 singlereplacement6.2NaHCO3→Na2CO3+CO2+H2O decomposition7.Mg3(PO4)2+6KOH"3Mg(OH)2+2K3PO4 doublereplacement8.3LiOH+Fe(NO3)3"Fe(OH)3+3LiNO3 doublereplacement9.2C3H6+9O2"6CO2+6H2O combustion10.Al2(CO3)3+6NaClO4"2Al(ClO4)3+3Na2CO3 doublereplacement
19
Writing,IdentifyingandBalancingEquationsCompletethefollowingequations,balancethem,andidentifythetypeofreaction.1) Mg+O22) Zn+H2SO43) Na+I24) C5H12+O25) Al(OH)3+HCl6) Zn+O27) Al+PbCl28) AgNO3+Na2CrO49) Al2O310) Al2O3+HNO311) Al+CuSO412) Cl2+KBr13) Ba+H2SO414) Li+FeCl315) Ca(OH)2+H3PO416) NiSO4+Na2CO317) Pb(OH)2+HCl18) FeCl3+Ca(OH)219) CH4+O220) Fe2O3+CaF221) C8H18+O222) NaOH+HNO323) Ag+H2SO424) Ba(OH)2+H2CO325) C3H7OH+O226) CaO+HNO327) C2H5OC2H5+O228) Pb(NO3)2+Na2CrO429) Ba+F230) Ca+HCl31) Ca(OH)2+H3PO432) Ba+HNO333) MnCl2+H2S34) Al+Br235) KCl+H2SO4
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ANSWERS1) 2Mg+O2"2MgO Synthesis2) Zn+H2SO4"ZnSO4+H2 SingleReplacement3) 2Na+I2"2NaI Synthesis4) C5H12+8O2"5CO2+6H2O Combustion5) Al(OH)3+3HCl"3H2O+AlCl3 DoubleReplacement6) 2Zn+O2"2ZnO Synthesis7) 2Al+3PbCl2"3Pb+2AlCl3 SingleReplacement8) 2AgNO3+Na2CrO4"Ag2CrO4+2NaNO3 DoubleReplacement9) 2Al2O3"4Al+3O2 Decomposition10) Al2O3+6HNO3"2Al(NO3)3+3H2O DoubleReplacement11) 2Al+3CuSO4"Al2(SO4)3+3Cu SingleReplacement12) Cl2+2KBr"2KCl+Br2 SingleReplacement13) Ba+H2SO4"BaSO4+H2 SingleReplacement14) 3Li+FeCl3"Fe+3LiCl SingleReplacement15) 3Ca(OH)2+2H3PO4"Ca3(PO4)2+6H2O DoubleReplacement16) NiSO4+Na2CO3"NiCO3+Na2SO4 DoubleReplacement17) Pb(OH)2+2HCl"PbCl2+2H2O DoubleReplacement18) 2FeCl3+3Ca(OH)2"2Fe(OH)3+3CaCl2 DoubleReplacement19) CH4+2O2"CO2+2H2O Combustion20) Fe2O3+3CaF2"2FeF3+3CaO DoubleReplacement21) 2C8H18+25O2"16CO2+18H2O Combustion22) NaOH+HNO3"NaNO3+H2O DoubleReplacement23) 2Ag+H2SO4"Ag2SO4+H2 SingleReplacement24) Ba(OH)2+H2CO3"BaCO3+2H2O DoubleReplacement25) 2C3H7OH+9O2"6CO2+8H2O Combustion26) CaO+2HNO3"Ca(NO3)2+H2O DoubleReplacement27) C2H5OC2H5+6O2"4CO2+5H2O Combustion28) Pb(NO3)2+Na2CrO4"PbCrO4+2NaNO3 DoubleReplacement29) Ba+F2"BaF2 Synthesis30) Ca+2HCl"H2+CaCl2 SingleReplacement31) 3Ca(OH)2+2H3PO4"Ca3(PO4)2+6H2O DoubleReplacement32) Ba+2HNO3"Ba(NO3)2+H2 SingleReplacement33) MnCl2+H2S"MnS+2HCl DoubleReplacement34) 2Al+3Br2"2AlBr3 Synthesis35) 2KCl+H2SO4"K2SO4+2HCl DoubleReplacement
21
UnitAnalysisSolveeachofthefollowingproblemsbeingcarefultoshowallunits.Thedataatthebottomofthepagewillhelpyouinsolvingtheseproblems.1. 180eggs= doz. 2. 75.0s= hr.3. 1.00barrel= L. 4. 100g= lb.5. 20.0ft.= m. 6. 1.00oz.= g7. 1.00cup= mL 8. 100ft.= km9. 5.00gal.= L 10. 2.00miles= m11. 0.75in.= km 12. 600cm3= L13. 3.60kg= lb. 14. 100km/h= m/s15. 660rev/min= ft/h 16. 1.0bushel/km= seeds/cm17. 0.5kgm/h= gcm/s18. 36steps/min= km/h19. 80.0gofH2O= molecules 20. 20acres= ft2_____________________________________________________________________________________________________1barrel=45gal 2pt=1qt 5280ft=1mile 1moleH2O=18g 1gal=4qt 1kg=2.2lb 1cm3=1mL 1hectare=1hm21qt=1L 16oz=1lb 1rev=8.00ft 1acre=43560ft22cups=1pt 1in=2.54cm 1mile=1.6km1.00gal=10lb 62.5lb=1.00ft3 1step=0.75m1moleofanything=6.02×1023molecules1bushel=25,000seedsANSWERS1. 15doz 2. 0.0210hr 3. 180.L 4. 0.2lb 5. 6.10m 6. 28.4g7. 250.mL 8. 0.03km 9. 20.0L 10. 3.20x103m 11. 1.9x10-5km 12. 0.6L13. 7.92lb 14. 30m/s 15. 320000ft/h16. 0.25seeds/cm 17. 10gcm/s 18. 1.6km/h19. 2.68x1024molecules 20. 900000ft2
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TheMoleandMolarMass1. Calculatethenumberofmolesineachofthefollowingmasses.
a. 64.1gofaluminumb. 28.1gofsiliconc. 0.255gofsulphurd. 850.5gofzinc
2. Calculatethemassofeachofthefollowingamounts.a. 1.22molsodiumb. 14.5molcopperc. 0.275molmercuryd. 9.37x10-3molmagnesium
3. Calculatethenumberofmolesineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 3.00gofborontribromideb. 0.472gofsodiumfluoridec. 7.50x102gofmethanol(CH3OH)d. 50.0gofcalciumchlorate
4. Determinethemassofeachofthefollowingamounts.a. 1.366molofnitrogentrihydrideb. 0.120molofglucose(C6H12O6)c. 6.94molofbariumchlorided. 0.005molofpropane
5. Calculatethenumberofmolesineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 45.0gofaceticacid(CH3COOH)b. 7.04goflead(II)nitratec. 5000kgofiron(III)oxided. 12.0mgofethylamine(C2H5NH2)e. 0.00322gofstearicacid(C17H35COOH)f. 50.0kgofammoniumsulphate
6. Calculatethemassofeachofthefollowingamounts.a. 3.00molofseleniumoxybromide(SeOBr2)b. 488molofcalciumcarbonatec. 0.0091molofretinoicacid(C20H28O2)d. 6.00x10-8molofnicotine(C10H14N2)e. 2.50molofstrontiumnitratef. 3.50x10-6molofuraniumhexafluoride
ANSWERS1. a. 2.38molAl b. 1.00molSi c. 7.95x10-3molS d. 13.01molZn2. a. 28.0gNa b. 921gCu c. 55.2gHg d. 0.228Mg3. a. 0.0120molBBr3 b. 0.0112molNaF c. 23.4molCH3OH d. 0.242molCa(ClO3)24. a. 23.28gNH3 b. 21.6gC6H12O6 c. 1.45x103gor 1.45kgBaCl2 d. 0.2gC3H8
5. a. 0.749molCH3COOH b. 0.0213molPb(NO3)2 c. 3x104molFe2O3 d. 2.66x10-4molC2H5NH2 e. 1.13x10-5molC17H35COOH6. a. 764gSeOBr2 b. 4.88x104gCaCO3 c. 2.7gC20H28O2 d. 9.74x10-6gC10H14N2 e. 529gSr(NO3)2 f. 1.23x10-3gUF6
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Avogadro’sNumber1. Calculatetheamountofmolesineachofthefollowingquantities.
a. 3.01x1023atomsofrubidiumb. 8.08x1022atomsofkryptonc. 5700000000atomsofleadd. 2.997x1025atomsofvanadium
2. Calculatethenumberofatomsineachofthefollowingamounts.a. 1.004molbismuthb. 2.5molmanganesec. 0.0000002molheliumd. 32.6molstrontium
3. Calculatethenumberofatomsineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 54.0gofaluminumb. 69.45goflanthanumc. 0.697gofgalliumd. 0.000000020gberyllium
4. Calculatethemassofthefollowingnumberofatoms.a. 6.022x1024atomsoftantalumb. 3.01x1021atomsofcobaltc. 1.506x1024atomsofargond. 1.20x1025atomsofhelium
5. Calculatethenumberofmoleculesineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 22.9gofsodiumsulphideb. 0.272gofnickel(II)nitratec. 260mgofacrylonitrile(CH2CHCN)
6. Calculatethenumberofatomsineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 0.0082gofgoldb. 812gofmolybdenumc. 2.00x102mgofamericiumd. 10.09kgofneone. 0.705mgofbismuthf. 37µgofuranium
ANSWERS1. a. 0.500molRb b. 0.134molKr c. 9.5x10-15molPb d. 49.77molV2. a. 6.046x1023atomsBi b. 1.5x1024atomsMg c. 1x1017atomsHe d. 1.96x1025atomsSr3. a. 1.21x1024atomsAl b. 3.01x1023atomsLa c. 6.02x1021atomsGa d. 1.3x1015atomsBe
4. a. 1810.gTa b. 0.295gCo c. 99.91gAr d. 79.7gHe5. a. 1.77x1023moleculesNa2S b. 8.96x1020moleculesNi(NO3)2 c. 3.0x1021moleculesCH2CHCN6. a. 2.5x1019atomsAu b. 5.10x1024atomsMo c. 4.96x1020atomsAm d. 3.011x1026atomsNe e. 2.03x1018atomsBi f. 9.4x1016atomsU
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MoleInquiry
Purpose: Todiscoverhowmanymoleculesofwaterareinanaveragesipofwater.Itisuptoyoutodeterminewhatanaveragesipofwaterlookslike.****Nospittingallowed!****Todiscoverhowmanymoleculesofchalk(calciumcarbonate)ittakestodoadrawacaricatureofyourgroup(artisticpointscount).Todiscoverthevolumeofcarbondioxidethatcanbeexhaledinonesinglebreath(wearemakinganassumptionthattheonlygasexhalediscarbondioxide).
Materials: Plasticcups
Tapwater Balloon Chalk Electronicbalance
Procedure: YOU’REONYOUROWN!CLEARITWITHMEBEFOREYOUPROCEED!
Data: Createaneatdatatableforeachpartshowingallmeasurements.Usearulertocreateyourtableandincludeallpertinentinformation.
Analysis: Showallofyourcalculations.
Conclusion: Youranswerstothepurposeoutlinedabove,statedinsentenceform.
SourcesofError:
Indicatethreefactors,whichdidnotallowyoutogetthedesiredresults.Includesystematicerrorsonly;nohumanerrors(neveradmittodoingBADscience).
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PercentComposition1. Determinethepercentcompositionofeachofthefollowingcompounds.
a. sodiumoxalateb. ethanol(C2H5OH)c. aluminumoxided. potassiumsulphate
2. Calculatethemassofthegivenelementineachofthefollowingcompounds.a. brominein50.0gpotassiumbromideb. chromiumin1.00kgsodiumdichromatec. nitrogenin85.0mgoftheaminoacidlysine(C6H14N2O2)d. cobaltin2.84gcobalt(II)acetate
3. Calculatethepercentageofthegivenelementineachofthefollowingcompounds.a. nitrogeninurea(NH2CONH2)b. sulphurinsulfurylchloride(SO2Cl2)c. thalliuminthallium(III)oxided. oxygeninpotassiumchloratee. bromineincalciumbromidef. tinintin(IV)oxide
4. Calculatethemassofthegivenelementineachofthefollowingquantitites.a. oxygenin4.00gofmanganese(IV)oxideb. aluminumin50.0metrictonsaluminumoxidec. silverin325gofsilvercyanided. goldin0.780gofgold(III)selenidee. seleniumin683gofsodiumselenite(Na2SeO3)f. chlorinein5.0x104gof1,1-dichloropropane(CHCl2CH2CH3)
ANSWERS
1. a. 34.31%Na,17.93%C,47.76%O b. 52.13%C,13.15%H,34.72%O c. 52.92%Al,47.08%O d. 44.87%K,18.40%S,36.72%O2. a. 33.6gBr b. 397gCr c. 16.3mgN d. 0.945gCo3. a. 46.65%N b. 23.76%S c. 89.491%TI d. 39.17%O e. 79.95%BrinCaBr2 f. 78.767%SninSnO24. a. 1.47gO b. 26.5metrictonsAl c. 262gAg d. 0.487gAu e. 312gSe f. 3.1x104gCl
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EmpiricalFormulas1. Determinetheempiricalformulaforthecompoundsthathavethefollowinganalyses.
a. 28.4%copper,71.6%bromineb. 39.0%potassium,12.0%carbon,1.01%hydrogenand47.9%oxygenc. 77.3%silver,7.4%phosphorous,15.3%oxygend. 0.57%hydrogen,72.1%iodine,27.3%oxygen
2. Determinethesimplestformulaforthecompoundsthathavethefollowinganalyses.Thedatamaynotbeexact.
a. 36.2%aluminumand63.8%sulphurb. 93.5%niobiumand6.50%oxygenc. 57.6%strontium,13.8%phosphorous,and28.6%oxygend. 28.5%iron,48.6%oxygen,and22.9%sulphur
3. Determinetheempiricalformulaforcompoundsthathavethefollowinganalyses.a. 66.0%bariumand34.0%chlorineb. 80.38%bismuth,18.46%oxygen,and1.16%hydrogenc. 12.67%aluminum,19.73%nitrogen,and67.60%oxygend. 35.64%zinc,26.18%carbon,34.88%oxygen,and3.30%hydrogene. 2.8%hydrogen,9.8%nitrogen,20.5%nickel,44.5%oxygen,and22.4%sulphurf. 8.09%carbon,0.34%hydrogen,10.78%oxygen,and80.78%bromine
ANSWERS1. a. CuBr2 b. KHCO3 c. Ag3PO4 d. HIO32. a. Al2S3 b. Nb5O2 c. Sr3P2O8ORSr3(PO4)2 d. Fe2S3O12ORFe2(SO4)3
3. a. BaCl2 b. BiO3H3ORBi(OH)3 c. AlN3O9ORAl(NO3)3 d. ZnC4H6O4ORZn(CH3COO)2 e. NiN2S2H8O8ORNi(NH4)2SO4 f. C2HBr3O2ORCBr3COOH
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Molarity1. Determinethemolarityofasolutionpreparedbydissolving141.6gofcitricacid(C3H5O(COOH)3,inwater
andthendilutingtheresultingsolutionto3500.0mL.2. Whatisthemolarityofasaltsolutionmadebydissolving280.0mgofNaClin2.00mLofwater?Assume
thefinalvolumeisthesameasthevolumeofthewater.3. Whatisthemolarityofasolutionthatcontains390.0gofaceticacid,CH3COOH,dissolvedinenough
acetonetomake1000.0mLofsolution?4. Whatmassofglucose,C6H12O6,wouldberequiredtoprepare5.000x103Lofa0.215Msolution?5. Whatmassofmagnesiumbromidewouldberequiredtoprepare720.mLofa0.0939Maqueoussolution?6. Whatmassofammoniumchlorideisdissolvedin300.mLofa0.875Msolution?7. Whatisthemolarityofasolutionthatcontains0.450molofsoluteandhasavolumeof1.75L?8. HowmanymolesofNaOHarecontainedin65.0mLofa2.20Msolution?9. Asolutionismadebydissolving26.42gofammoniumsulfateinenoughwatertomake50.00mLof
solution.Whatisthemolarityofthesolution?10. 138gofNaClisdissolvedinenoughwatertomake500.0mL.Calculatethemolarityofthissolution.11. WhatmassofNaOHmustyouusetoobtain425mLofa6.00Msolution?
ANSWERS1. 0.2106M2. 2.40M3. 6.494M4. 1.94x105g5. 12.4g6. 14.0g7.0.257mol/L8.0.143mol9.3.998mol/L10.4.72mol/L11.102g
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FC2-Review1. Findthemolarmassofthefollowing:a) Nickel(II)hydroxide (92.71g)b) (CH3)2AsO2H (138.01g)2. Whatisthemassof:a) 0.25molesofCopper(I)chromate (61g)b) 1.00×1024atomsofTin(IV)sulphite (463g)c) 3.5Lofbutane (9.1g)3. Howmanymolesarein:a) 7.5gofAl2O3 (0.074mol)b) 3.01×1023moleculesofNaCl (0.500mol)c) 110.LofoxygengasatSTP (4.91mol)4. Howmanymoleculesareinthefollowing:a) 5.0molesofCalciumfluoride (3.0x1024molecules)b) 52.6gofLead(II)hydroxide (1.31x1023molecules)c) 53.1LofH2Sgas (1.43x1024molecules)5.Whatvolumeofgasispresentin:a) 2.3molesofhelium (52L)b) 1.5x1023atomsofargon (5.6L)c) 6.3gofCO2gas (3.2L)6. Calculatethepercentcompositionofthefollowing:a) Calciumoxalate (31.29%;18.75%;49.96%)b) Cu(NO3)2 (33.88%;14.94%;51.18%)7. Calculatethemassof:a) Ironin15gofFe(OH)2 (9.3g)b) Oxygenin32.5gofCaC2O4 (16.2g)8. Whatistheempiricalformulaofacompoundthatis:a) 54.12%Ca;2.70%H;43.18%O Ca(OH)2b) 57.14%C;6.16%H;9.52%N;27.18%O C14N2O5H18(NutraSweet)9. Whatisthemolarityofthefollowing:a) 0.75molofNaBrin250mLofwater (3.0mol/L)b) 425gofsodiumnitratedissolvedtomake6.50L (0.769M)10. Ifaglassbulbcancontain6.0gofhydrogengas,howmanygramsofCO2gascanithold?
Seemefortheanswer!
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FC3–Stoichiometry1. Propaneburnsinexcessoxygenaccordingtothefollowingreaction:
C3H8+5O2"3CO2+4H2Oa. HowmanymoleseachofCO2andH2Oareformedfrom3.85molofpropane?b. If0.647molofoxygenareusedintheburningofpropane,howmanymoleseach
ofCO2andH2Oareproduced?HowmanymolesofC3H8areconsumed?2. Phosphorousburnsinairtoproduceaphosphorousoxideinthefollowingreaction:
4P+5O2"P4O10a. Whatmassofphosphorouswillbeneededtoproduce3.25molofP4O10?b. If0.489molofphosphorousburns,whatmassofoxygenisused?Whatmassof
P4O10isproduced?3. Hydrogenperoxidebreaksdown,releasingoxygen,inthefollowingreaction:
2H2O2"2H2O+O2a. Whatmassofoxygenisproducedwhen1.840molofH2O2decompose?b. Whatmassofwaterisproducedwhen5.0molO2isproducedbythisreaction?
4. Sodiumcarbonatereactswithnitricacidaccordingtothefollowingreaction:Na2CO3+2HNO3"2NaNO3+CO2+H2O
a. HowmanymolesofNa2CO3arerequiredtoproduce100.0gofNaNO3?b. If7.50gofNa2CO3reacts,howmanymolesofCO2areproduced?
5. Hydrogenisgeneratedbypassinghotsteamoveriron,whichoxidizestoformFe3O4,inthefollowingequation:
3Fe+4H2O"4H2+Fe3O4a. If625gofFe3O4isproducedinthereaction,howmanymolesofhydrogenare
producedatthesametime?b. Howmanymolesofironwouldbeneededtogenerate27gofhydrogen?
6. Calculatethemassofsilverbromideproducedfrom22.5gofsilvernitrateinthefollowingreaction:
2AgNO3+MgBr2"2AgBr+Mg(NO3)27. Whatmassofacetylene,C2H2,willbeproducedfromthereactionof90.gofcalcium
carbide,CaC2,withwaterinthefollowingreaction?CaC2+2H2O"C2H2+Ca(OH)2
8. Chlorinegascanbeproducedinthelaboratorybyaddingconcentratedhydrochloricacidtomanganese(IV)oxideinthefollowingreaction:
MnO2+4HCl"MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2a. CalculatethemassofMnO2neededtoproduce25.0gofCl2.b. WhatmassofMnCl2isproducedwhen0.091gofCl2isgenerated?
9. Nitrogenmonoxide,producedbylightning,reactswithoxygentoproducenitrogendioxide.
a. Whatmassofnitrogendioxideisformedwhen384gofoxygenispresent?b. Howmanygramsofnitrogenmonoxideisrequiredtoreactwiththismuch
oxygen?ANSWERS1. a. 11.6molCO2, 15.4molH2O
b. 0.388molCO2 0.518molH2O 0.129molC3H8
2. a. 403gPb. 19.6gO2,15.4gP4O103. a. 29.44gO2b. 180gH2O
4. a. 0.5882molNa2CO3b. 0.0708molCO25. a. 10.8molH2b. 10.molFe6. 24.9gAgBr7. 37gC2H28. a. 30.7gMnO2b. 0.16gMnCl29. a. 1.10x103gNO2b. 7.20x102gNO
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LimitingReactants
1. Aluminumoxidizesaccordingtothefollowingequation: 4Al+3O2"2Al2O3
PowderedAl(0.048mol)isplacedintoacontainercontaining0.030molO2.Whatisthelimitingreactant?
2. Aprocessbywhichzirconiummetalcanbeproducedfromthemineralzirconium(IV)orthosilicate,ZrSiO4,startsbyreactingwithchlorinegastoformzirconium(IV)chloride:
ZrSiO4+2Cl2"ZrCl4+SiO2+O2WhatmassofZrCl4canbeproducedif862gofZrSiO4and950.gofCl2areavailable?Youmustfirstdeterminethelimitingreactant.
3. Heatingzincsulphideinthepresenceofoxygenyieldsthefollowing: ZnS+O2"ZnO+O2
If1.72molofZnSisheatedinthepresenceof3.04molofO2,whichreactantwillbeusedup?Balancetheequationfirst.
4. Usethefollowingequationfortheoxidationofaluminuminthefollowingproblems: 4Al+3O2"2Al2O3
a. Whichreactantislimitingif0.32molAland0.26molO2areavailable?b. HowmanymolesofAl2O3areformedfromthereactionof6.38x10-3molofO2
and9.15x10-3molofAl?c. If3.17gofAland2.55gofO2areavailable,whichreactantislimiting?
5. Intheproductionofcopperfromorecontainingcopper(II)sulphide,theoreisfirstroastedtochangeittotheoxideaccordingtothefollowingequation: 2CuS+3O2"2CuO+2SO2
a. If100gofCuSand56gofO2areavailable,whichreactantislimiting?b. WhatmassofCuOcanbeformedfromthereactionof18.7gofCuSand12.0gof
O2?6. Areactionsuchastheoneshownhereisoftenusedtodemonstrateasinglereplacement
reaction: 3CuSO4+2Fe"3Cu+Fe2(SO4)3
Ifyouplace0.092molofironfilingsinasolutioncontaining0.158molofCuSO4,whatisthelimitingreactant?HowmanymolesofCuwillbeformed?
7. InthereactionbetweenBaCO3+2HNO3"Ba(NO3)2+CO2+H2O,whatmassofBa(NO3)2canbeformedbycombining55gofBaCO3and26gofHNO3?
ANSWERS1. O22. ZrSiO4,1.10x103gZrCl43. 2ZnS+3O2→2ZnO+2SO2; Znislimiting4.a. Alislimitingb. 4.25x10-3molAl2O3c. O2islimiting5.a. CuSislimitingb. 15.6gCuO6. Feislimiting; 0.158molCu7. 54gBa(NO3)2
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ExcessReactants
1. Brominereplacesiodineinmagnesiumiodidebythefollowingprocess:MgI2+Br2"MgBr2+I2
a. Whichistheexcessreactantwhen560gofMgI2and360gofBr2react,andwhatmassremains?
b. WhatmassofI2isformedinthesameprocess?2. Nickelreplacessilverfromsilvernitrateinsolutionaccordingtothefollowingequation:
2AgNO3+Ni"2Ag+Ni(NO3)2a. Ifyouhave22.9gofNiand112gofAgNO3,whichreactantisinexcess?b. Whatmassofnickel(II)nitratewouldbeproducedgiventhequantitiesabove?
3. Carbondisulphide,CS2,isanimportantindustrialsubstance.Itsfumescanburnexplosivelyinairtoformsulphurdioxideandcarbondioxide:
CS2+O2"SO2+CO2If1.60molofCS2burnswith5.60molofO2,howmanymolesoftheexcessreactantwillstillbepresentwhenthereactionisover?
4. Copperischangedtocopper(II)ionsbynitricacidaccordingtothefollowingequation: 4HNO3+Cu"Cu(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2O
a. HowmanymoleseachofHNO3andCumustreactinordertoproduce0.0845molesofNO2?
b. If5.94gofCuand23.23gofHNO3arecombined,whichreactantisinexcess?5. Acetaldehyde,CH3CHO,ismanufacturedbythereactionofethanolwithcopper(II)oxide
accordingtothefollowingreaction: CH3CH2OH+CuO"CH3CHO+H2O+Cu
Whatmassofacetaldehydecanbeproducedbythereactionbetween620gofethanoland1020gofCuO?Whatmassofthereactantwillbeleftover?
6. Therare-earthmetalterbiumisproducedfromterbium(III)fluorideandcalciummetalbythefollowingsinglereplacementreaction:
2TbF3+3Ca"3CaF2+2Tba. Given27.5gofTbF3and6.96gofCa,howmanygramsofterbiumcouldbe
produced?b. Howmanygramsoftheexcessreactantisleftover?
ANSWERS1. a. 38gBr2 b. 510gI22. a. Niisinexcess b. 60.2gNi(NO3)23. CS2(g)+3O2(g)→2SO4(g)+CO2(g) 0.80molO2remain4. a. 0.0422molCu; 0.169molHNO3 b. Cuisinexcess c. 3.32gH2O5. 565gCH3CHO; 29gCH3CH2OHremains6. a. 18.4gTb b. 2.4gTbF3
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PercentYield1. Calculatethepercentyieldineachofthefollowingcases.
a. theoreticalyieldis50.0gofproduct;actualyieldis41.9gb. theoreticalyieldis290kgofproduct;actualyieldis270kgc. theoreticalyieldis6.05x104kgofproduct;actualyieldis4.18x104kgd. theoreticalyieldis0.00192gofproduct;actualyieldis0.00089g
2. Inthecommercialproductionoftheelementarsenic,arsenic(III)oxideisheatedwithcarbon,whichreducestheoxidetothemetalaccordingtothefollowingequation:
2AS2O3+3C"3CO2+4Asa. If8.87gofAs2O3isusedinthereactionand5.33gofAsisproduced,whatisthe
percentyield?b. If67gofcarbonisusedupinadifferentreactionand425gofAsisproduced,
calculatethepercentyieldinthisreaction.3. Elementalphosphorouscanbeproducedbyheatingcalciumphosphatefromrockswith
silicasand(SiO2)andcarbonintheformofcoke.Thefollowingreactiontakesplace: Ca3(PO4)2+3SiO2+5C"3CaSiO3+2P+5CO
a. If57molofCa3(PO4)2isusedand101molofCaSiO3isobtained,whatisthepercentyield?
b. Determinethepercentyieldobtainedif1280molofcarbonisconsumedand622molofCaSiO3isproduced.
c. Theengineerinchargeofthisprocessexpectsayieldof81.5%.If1.4x105molofCa3(PO4)2isused,howmanymolesofphosphorouswillbeproduced?
4. Tungsten(W)canbeproducedfromitsoxidebyreactingtheoxidewithhydrogenatahightemperatureaccordingtothefollowingequation: WO3+3H2"W+3H2O
a. Whatisthepercentyieldif56.9gofWO3yields41.4goftungsten?b. Howmanymolesoftungstenwillbeproducedfrom3.72gofWO3iftheyieldis
92.0%?c. Achemistcarriesoutthisreactionandobtains11.4goftungsten.Ifthepercent
yieldis89.4%,whatmassofWO3wasused?5. Carbontetrachloride,CCl4,isasolventthatwasonceusedinlargequantitiesindry
cleaning.Becauseitisadenseliquidthatdoesnotburn,itwasalsousedinfireextinguishers.Unfortunately,itsusewasdiscontinuedbecauseitwasfoundtobeacarcinogen.Itwasmanufacturedbythefollowingreaction: CS2+3Cl2"CCl4+S2Cl2a. WhatisthepercentyieldofCCl4if719kgisproducedfromthereactionof410.kgof
CS2?b. If67.5gofCl2areusedinthereactionand39.5gofS2Cl2isproduced,whatisthe
percentyield?c. Ifthepercentyieldoftheindustrialprocessis83.3%,howmanykilogramsofCS2
shouldbereactedtoobtain5.00x104kgofCCl4?HowmanykilogramsofS2Cl2willbeproduced,assumingthesameyieldforthatproduct?
ANSWERS1. a. 83.8%yieldb. 93%yieldc. 69.1%yieldd. 46%yield2. a. 79.3%yield b. 76%yield
3. a. 59%yield b. 81.0%yield c. 2.3x105molP4. a. 91.8%yield b. 0.0148molW c. 16.1gWO35. a. 86.8%yield
b. 92.2%yield c. 2.97x104kgCS2; 4.39x104kgS2Cl2
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StoichiometryLabBACKGROUND:Inthislabyouwillperformandstudythereactionbetweencopperandsilvernitrate[AgNO3].Youwillcalculateacertainconcentrationofsilvernitrateandprepareasolutionofit.Youwillalsofindthemassofapieceofcopper,placeitinsolution,andobserveitsbehavior.Byfindingthemassofthesilveratthecloseoftheexperiment,youwillbeabletoinvestigatequantitativelythereactionthatoccurred.Fromthis,wewilldetermineandwritethechemicalequationforthereaction.CAUTION:SilverNitrate(solidandsolution)willturnskinblack.Becarefulwithit!PROCEDURE:Day1
1. Calculatethemassofsilvernitraterequiredtomake100.mLofa0.030mol/Lsolution.Makesuretocheckyourcalculationswithyourteacherbeforeproceeding.
2. Usinga100mLvolumetricflaskanddistilledwater,useproperstepstopreparethe0.030mol/Lsolution.
3. Obtainapieceofcopperandthenfindit’smass.Recordthemassofcopper!
4. Obtainacleananddry250mLbeaker.Pourthepreparedsilvernitratesolutionintothecleanbeaker.
5. Placethecopperintothebeaker.Makesurethatallofthecopperisunderthesurfaceofthesolution.*Observeanychangesthatoccurforthenext10-15minutes.
6. Labelyourbeakerandthencoverthebeakerwithawatchglassandplaceitontheshelfindicatedbyyourteacherwhereitwillnotbedisturbed.Thiswillcontinuetoreactuntilthebeginningofthenextlabperiod.
Day21. Carefullyretrievethebeakerandplaceitonthedesktop.*Recordallofyour
observationsatthistime.2. Usetongstoretrieveanyremainingcopperandshakeoffanyprecipitate.Useyourwash
bottleofdistilledwatertosprayofftheprecipitate(silver)thatremainsonthecopper.Makesuretosprayofftheresidueintothebeaker.Settheremainingcopperasidetodry.Oncethecopperhasdried,findit’smass.
Recordthemassofdrycopper!3. Itisnowtimetofilterthesilver.Takeapieceoffilterpaperandthenfinditsmass.Foldit
inhalftwice(seediagrambelow),placeitinafunnelandslowlypouryoursolution.Youmayneedtoadddistilledwatertothebeakerafewtimestomakesurethatallofthesilverhasbeenpouredoffintothefilter.
Recordthemassoffilterpaper!4. Obtainawatchglassandputyournameonit.Removethefilterpaperandplaceitonthe
watchglass.Placeyourfilterpaperintheincubatortodryovernight.5. Cleanupyourequipmentandbeginansweringthequestionsonthenextpage.
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Day31. Makesurethatthecontentsaredry.Findthemassofthesolidproducedandthefilter
paper(usethesamebalancethatyouusedearlierinthelab).Recordthemassoffilterpaper+silver!Recordthemassofsilver!
2. Putthedrysolidintothemarkedcontaineronthefrontbench.3. Washoutallofthelabequipmentthatyouusedandreturntoyourdesktobeginworking
onyourlab.4. Finishansweringallofthequestions.5. Thereisnoformalwrite-upforthislab.Answerallofthequestionstoprepareforthelab
quizthatwillfollow.CALCULATIONS:
1. Calculatethenumberofmolesofcopperthatreacted.2. Calculatethenumberofmolesofsilverthatwasproduced.3. Calculatetheratioofmolesofcoppertothemolesofsilverthatwereinvolvedinthe
reaction.
ie. molesCumolesAg
4. Usetheratioyoucalculatedinstep3tofigureoutwhichreactionbelowoccurred.
_____Cu(s)+_____AgNO3(aq)è_____Ag(s)+_____CuNO3(aq)
OR_____Cu(s)+_____AgNO3(aq)è_____Ag(s)+_____Cu(NO3)2(aq)5. Calculatethenumberofcopperatomsthatreactedandthenumberofsilveratomsthat
wereformed.6. Wascopperorsilvernitratethelimitingreagentinthislab?Howcanyoutellwithout
doinganycalculations?Proveyourhypothesisbycalculationandshowallofyourwork.7. Calculatethemassofexcessreactant.(Howdoesyouranswercomparetothemassof
copperfoundonDay2Step2?Explain)8. Findthetheoreticalyieldforsilverinthislab.9. Useaproperlybalancedequationtofindthepercentyieldofsilverinthislab.
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ChemistryFinalExamReviewA.Namethefollowinghydrocarbons.
B.ConsiderthehydrocarbonwiththeformulaC3H4.ShowthecondensedstructuralformulaforTwo(2)isomersofC3H4.C.Predicttheproducts,balance,andclassifythefollowingreactions:1. Cu3P2à 2. C6H11OH+O2à D. i.WRITEtheequationforthecompletechemicalreaction. ii.BALANCEtheequation. iii.CLASSIFYthetypeofreaction.1. Calciumacetatereactswithiron(III)dichromatetoproduce…2. 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctaneburnsinoxygenandproduces…E.MoleCalculations1. Youhave40.22gramsoftungsten(VI)oxalateandplaceitinavolumetricflask.Ifyou
addenoughdistilledwatertobringthesolutionuptothe500.mLmark,whatisthemolarityofthesolution?
2. Calculatethemassofarsenicin54.7gofgold(III)arsenate. 3. Findtheempiricalformulaforthefollowingsubstancesfromthepercentcomposition
given: 64.80%carbon;13.62%hydrogen;21.58%oxygen
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F.StoichiometryProblems.1. Cu + HNO3 è Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2Oa) Howmanygramsofhydrogennitratewillbeneededtoreactwith2.80x1022particlesofcoppertohavenoexcessreactant?
b) If0.98Lofsteamareproduced,howmanygramsofcopper(II)nitratewouldalsobecreated?c)Howmanygramsofnitrogenmonoxidewouldbeproducedif7.89x1014particlesofcopperreact?
2. C4H10 + O2 è CO2 + H2Oa) If67.25gofbutanereactwith15.98gofoxygen,identifythelimitingreagent.b) Whatwouldbethetheoreticalyieldofwater?c)Determinethemassofexcessreactantthatremains.3. BrF5 + H2O è HBrO3+ HFIf1.95gofbrominepentafluoridereactsandthepercentyieldofhydrofluoricacidis78.8%,whatmassofhydrofluoricacidisproduced?
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AnswersA. 1. 5,7-diethyl-4,4,7-trimethyl-5,6-dipropyldecane 2. 3-ethyl-4,5-dipropyloctane 3. 4,5,5-triethyl-3,6,6-trimethylnonane 4. 3,3-dimethyl-1-buteneB. CH2=C=CH2(1,2-propadiene) & CHΞC-CH3(1-propyne)C. 1. 2Cu3P2è 6Cu +P4 (Decomposition) 2. C6H11OH+ 17/2O2 è 6CO2 +6H2O (Combustion)
D. 1. 3Ca(CH3COO)2 +Fe2(Cr2O7)3è 3CaCr2O7+ 2Fe(CH3COO)3 (DoubleReplacement)
2. C12H26+37/2O2è 12CO2+13H2O (Combustion)E. 1. 0.180mol/L 2. 12.2g 3. H10C4OF. 1. 3Cu +8HNO3 è 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O a. 7.82gHNO3
b. 6.2gCu(NO3)2 c. 2.62x10-8gNO 2. C4H10 + 13/2O2 è 4CO2 + 5H2O a. O2isthelimitingreagent b. 6.922gH2O c. 62.78gofexcessC4H10 3. BrF5 + 3H2Oè HBrO3+ 5HF 0.879gofHFisproduced
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