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Convergence of Wireless Access and Spectrum Allocations. Mar. 19, 2001 a Network Insight seminar, Sydney Seungtaik Yang Preisident, Information and Communications University P.O. Box 77 Yuseong, Daejon, KOREA e-mail: [email protected]. Contents. Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Convergence of Wireless Access and Spectrum Allocations
Mar. 19, 2001
a Network Insight seminar, Sydney
Seungtaik YangPreisident, Information and Communications
University
P.O. Box 77 Yuseong, Daejon, KOREA
e-mail: [email protected]
Contents
Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era Prospects for the Future Mobile Communications Requirement for Future Spectrum Management Korean Perspectives on Spectrum Management Final Remarks
Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era
Evolution of Mobile Communications
‘80 1st Generation
CT-1
CT-2
DECT
AMPS
NMT
TACS
GSM
ADC(IS-54)
PDC
IS-95
DCS1800
IS-54 basedPCS
UpbandIS-95
PCS(CDMA)
PHS
SatelliteGMPCS
Cordless Telephone
Analog CellularDigital Cellular
PCS
IMT-2000- W-CDMA- cdma2000
MobileMultimedia
‘902nd Generation
20003rd Generation
2010 (?)4th Generation
CDMA
Data Rate 8 kbps 8 - 114 kbps Up to 2 Mbps Over 2 Mbps
(year)1988 1992 1996 2000 2004
Su
bsc
rib
ers
(M
illio
n)
600
400
200
0
800
1,000
Co
mm
un
icat
ion
Tra
ffic
(ar
b.
un
it)
Man-Man Comm.
InformationExplosionExplosion
2008
600
400
200
0
800
1,000
Telephone
Internet
Next Gen.Internet
MobileCellular, PCS
BroadbandMobile
IMT-2000, B-WLL
Cyber NetworkMachine-Machine Comm.
Traffic Increase in 21 Century (Bandwidth Explosion)
IMT-2000 Service Coverage
Zone 4: Global
Satellite
Zone 3: Suburban
Zone 2: Urban
Zone 1:In-Building
Macro-CellPico-Cell
Micro-CellMega-Cell
9.6 kbps
< 144 kbps
< 384 kbps
< 2 Mbps
remote vehicular pedestrian stationary/indoor
IMT-2000 Services
Services : Voice, Data, Video,& Multimedia as
Mobile Internet
Data Base AccessIPS
Voice
10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps
Service
Data Rate
Telebanking
Electronic Newspaper,Data Service(Image,Music)
Teleshopping
Video Telephony
Video Conference
Prospects for the Future Mobile Communications
As voice is concerned, “anywhere access” is fully realized with 2-G mobiles, PABX phones, and cordless telephones.
As we enter into knowledge-based information society at the turn of the century, main focus on communication is being shifted towards ubiquitous high speed wireless multimedia/internet. “Anywhere access for data” will be the major topics for the next generation mobile systems like IMT-2000.
But, nobody is sure how much high speed data services will be needed when one is on move. While it is feasible to predict the ever-growing needs for high speed data, wherever one is located stationary. Mobility on fixed network is as important as that on mobile network.
Converging Wireless Access as Last Mile Access
Public Land Mobile Systems like 2-G and 3-G : Advantage : “wherever service” possible Disadvantage : limited data speed and capacity, and relatively high tariffs
No tariffs and high data speed Broadband Wireless LAN *: within campus or large premise, and offices Home R.F.* or Personal LAN like Bluetooth : at home or on personal move SRD (Short Range Communication Device)
Low Tariffs and high data speed, where the fixed system is not conveniently accessible Broadband Fixed Wireless Access* Broadband Satellite Internet Service*
Low tariffs and very high data speed SCS (Stratospheric Communication System)*
* possible application of microwave and mm-wave technology
Satellite
WirelessWirelessDigitalDigital
ConvergenceConvergence
HAPSDVB
GPRS
WPAN
W-CDMA
Satellite/HAPS
Broadcasting
Cellular
Indoors
BWA
Wireless Local Loop
HIPERLAN
W-LAN
Wireless1394
CDMA2000
PCS
4G as the Integration
GSM
DAB
IS-95
Broadband W-LAN
LMDS
Bluetooth
WLAN
MMDS
IPv6IPv6SDRSDR
Global layer
Macro layer
Micro layer
Satellite, HAPS / DVB, DAB
IMT2000
Pico layer
fixed (wired) layer All-IP Network
WPAN
BluetoothWireless 1394
WLAN HIPERLAN
CDMA2000 WCDMA
CDMA GSM PCS
Global •Outdoor• Mobile / still / fixed• Coverage :100Km ~ • Max. Data rate : ~155Mbps• L,S,C,Ku,Ka, mm Wave band
Cellular / Macro•Outdoor /Indoor• Mobile / still • Coverage : ~ 3Km • Max. Data rate : ~2Mbps• 800MHz ~ 2GHz
Wireless LAN / Micro• Outdoor / Indoor• Still / fixed• Coverage : ~ 300M• Max. Data rate : ~ 54Mbps• 2.4GHz ~ 5.8GHz
Wireless PAN / Pico•Indoor• Still / fixed• Coverage : ~ 10M• Max. Data rate : ~1Mbps• 2.4GHz
Broadband Wireless Access• Outdoor• Fixed• Coverage : ~ 12.5Km • Max. Data rate : ~155Mbps• 20GHz ~ 60GHz (mm Wave band)
BWA
LMDS
MMDS
Hierarchical Layered Convergence
ha
nd
ov
er
handover
Converging Stage of Various Wireless Access
in the Future
OutDoor
InDoor
Vehicle
Pede-strian
Still
Fixed
Still
0.1 1 10 100
Data Rate(Mbits/sec)
Converging StageConverging StageSystem BeyondSystem Beyond
IMT-2000IMT-2000
Wireless LAN
LMDS
Wireless PAN
IMT-2000Phase2
IMT-2000 Phase1
Broadband/Satellite Wireless Access
Ultra High SpeedWLAN
Wired Line
Wireless LAN
Requirements for Next Generation(4-G) System
High speed data rate : Vehicular : 2 Mbps Pedestrian/ Indoor : 20 Mbps
IP based network structure : QoS guaranteed Next generation Internet support : IPv6, Mobile IP High Capacity : 5 ~ 10 times to 3-G Lower system cost Seamless services with fixed, and private networks like
Wireless LAN, BWA etc. Frequency band : 3 ~ 8 GHz, possibly higher Frequency Spectrum Requirements :
ITU-R recommends additional 180 MHz bands for IMT-2000 services by 2010.
For 4-G, conservative estimates is at least 1,000 MHz by 2015
Requirement for Future Spectrum Management Facing More and More Complications
Ever Increasing Demands and Values for Frequency Spectrum
Convergence of Diverse Services Differentiation among Services or Systems ambiguous Especially for the 4-G Services
Appearance of New Unpredicted Services Flexibility of Spectrum Use needed
Globalization and De-regularization Trends Need of Long-and–Medium Term Frequency
Spectrum Planning
Korean Perspectives on Spectrum Management
Status of Telecommunications in Korea Population : 46 Millions / 99,300 sq. km
Seoul : 11.0 Millions / 605 sq. km Pusan : 4.0 Millions / 436 sq. km
Status of Telecommunications- Wireline Operators :
KT (Korea Telecom) : Major PTT, IMT-2000 DACOM : PSDN, International & Long Distance Hanaro : Local Loops, WLL Onse Telecom : International & Long Distance
- Wireless Operators : SK Telecom : Cellular, IMT-2000
Shinsegi Telecom : Cellular KT Freetel, KTM.com & LG Telecom : PCS 8 Regional Pager Operators : Pager TRS Operators ( 2 national, and 9 regional) : Digital TRS 3 Mobile Data Operators : Wireless Data
Regulator : MIC ( Ministry of Information & Communication )
Cellular & PCS Subscribers in Korea
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000
cdma pcs
cdma cellular
amps
( *1 M )
MIC’s Policy on Spectrum Management
Provision of Spectrum Resources for Future Demands Technology Development and Incentive to Utilize for
Higher Frequency Bands like Millimeter-wave Band Publishing Long-term Frequency Planning Efficiency Spectrum Utilization for Existing Bands of
Use Narrower Channel Bandwidth Frequency Spectrum Sharing for Different Services Trunking for Similar Services from Different
Entities/Organizations Clean Electromagnetic Environment
Maximization of Spectrum Resource Utilization Improvement of Spectrum Allocation Method
Adoption of Global Standards or Trends in Spectrum Allotment
Spectrum Reassignment through Actual Frequency Usage Statistics
Spectrum Allocation by Market-based Mechanism Public Access to Current Frequency Database Electronic Filing System for Procedure of Radio
Station Licensing
Current Spectrum Allocations Policy
1. Appraisal of Proposals with Pre-fixed Pricing (hybrid form)
Based on Economic Values and Technical Effectiveness Existing Competitions in the Market Needs for Accelerating Commercial Services
Price Range Pre-fixed, and Fund Contributed for Telecommunication Development
Exclusive Right to Use for Specific Services, and Renewable with Additional Prices after Licensing Period of less than 20 yrs
2. Allocation by Conventional Review Process with No Price Based on Effectiveness of Intended Spectrum Use Fairness and Conformity to Public Interest Needs of Applicants Technical and Financial Capabilities of Applicants
3. Spectrum Auction (X) Once considered, but discarded due to
negative reactions of general public, and many other adverse effects
Status of Hot Service Licensing's
IMT-2000 Services ( Method 1) Will license 3 Operators, each with 2*20 MHz
Duplex Bands 1 for cdma2000 system, 1 for W-CDMA system, and 1 with option to take either Telecom. Development Fund ranged between 1 billon ~
1.1 billion US$ Commercial Services due by May, 2,002, but possibilities
of delay Result among 4 Applicants: ( Dec., 2,000)Result among 4 Applicants: ( Dec., 2,000)
- 2 W-CDMA Licenses to SK Telecom and KT, with fund - 2 W-CDMA Licenses to SK Telecom and KT, with fund ofof
1.1 billion US$, each1.1 billion US$, each- a cdma2000 applicant disqualified, and procedure- a cdma2000 applicant disqualified, and procedure postponedpostponed
Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Services (method 2) ATSC standard adopted in 1997 Test Transmitting during 1999 ~ 2000, and at present, Trial Services in Seoul Full Commercial on-air in late this year beginning from Seoul Incumbent TV Broadcasters provided with Digital Channels
on condition that after 2,006, returning existing analog channels
Satellite Broadcasting Service (method 1) 1 license on Platform of KoreaSat II and III
Broadcasting Development Fund fixed at 17 million US$ Administered by Independent Broadcasting Commission
Result among 2 Applicants : (Dec., 2,000) KT/KBS Consortium to be licensed with 17 million $ fund
2.16G-2.2G
Cellular
824M-894M
CT
894M-960M
GMPCS
1.53G-1.66G
PCS
1.71G -1.885G
IMT2000
(Uplink)
1.90G -1.92G - 1.98G
IMT2000
(MSS
uplink)
1.98G-2.02G-2.025G
IMT2000
(Downlink)
2.11G - 2.17G
IMT2000
(MSS
Downlink)
WLAN
(802.11b
Bluetooth)
2.4G-2.48G
IMT2000
(New)
2.5G-2.69G
IMT2000
(New)
2.7G-2.9G
WLAN
(HIPER
LAN/1)
WLAN
(HIPER
LAN/2)
WLAN
(802.11a)
HIPER
LINK
WLAN
(reserved)
17.1G - 17.3G
17.7G-17.735G
5.15G-5.35G
5.47G-5.725G
5.725G-5.875G
GMPCSWLL
2.3G-2.4G
BWLL
24.25G-26.7G
Sat.
TV
(Korea)
11.7G-12.2G
10G
WLAN
(reserved)
19.2G-19.3G
WATM
(project)
40G-60G
2.17G-2.2G
(TDD) (TDD)
Frequency Allocation in Korea
4G ?4G ?3G
Final Remarks
Each country has its own regulation and customs for frequency allocation, but globalization and roaming requirements ask for more conformance to global standards.
As demands for frequency use accelerated, harmful interference may occur between neighboring countries unless close frequency planning coordination worked out.
As more diverse services merged vertically or horizontally, spectrum management becomes more complicated. The worldwide study is required to resolve.
Perhaps, economic values of spectrum use may be deemed differently from country to country. Trend is to levy some price tags.
Spectrum cap or specific use of certain bands will be removed
for improving flexibility of spectrum utilization.