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Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 2
Self-Care: Managing Medical Problems Self Assessment Decision Making: Knowing When to See a Physician
Severe Unusual Persistent Recurrent
Emergencies: Major trauma or injury Uncontrollable bleeding Severe shortness of breath Persistent abdominal pain Poisoning or drug overdose Loss of consciousness Stupor, drowsiness, or disorientation Severe or worsening reaction to an insect bite or sting
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 3
Self-Treatment: Many Options Watchful waiting Nondrug options Self-medication
1. Read labels2. Do not exceed the recommendation3. Use caution4. Select medications with one ingredient5. Try to buy genetic6. Never take a drug from an unlabeled container7. Pregnant and nursing8. Expiration date9. Storage of medication10. Special caution with aspirin
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 5
Professional Medical and Health Care: Choices and Change Seeking professional medical care
Hospital emergency room Scheduling an appointment with a physician Accessing some other part of the American
medical and health care system
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 8
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
Defined as those therapies or practices that do not form part of conventional, or “mainstream” health care and medical practice taught in the U.S.
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 9
Conventional Medicine “Standard Western Medicine” “Bio-medicine”
Based on the findings of a variety of biological sciences.
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 10
The Rise of Complementary Medicine in the United States
A system of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease.
Conventional medicine or Western Medicine – the absence of disease.
Traditional medicine or complementary and alternative medicine.
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 11
Premises and Assumptions of Conventional Medicine
Hippocrates Every disease is defined by a certain pathology and set of
symptoms and the symptoms are similar in most patients suffering from that disease.
Pharmaceuticals Scientific explanation
Empirical Rational Testable Parsimonious General Tentative
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 12
The Providers of Conventional Medicine
Medical Doctors (M.D.) Doctors of osteopathic medicine (D.O.) Podiatrists (D.P.M.) Optometrists (O.D.) Dentists (D.D.S.) or (D.M.D.) Allied health care providers (Millions of other trained health care professionals, know as
allied health care providers Registered nurses (R.N.) Licensed vocational nurses (L.V.N.s) Occupational therapist (O.T.s) Physical therapists (P.T.) Licensed certified Athletic Trainers (L.A.T.C.s) Social workers Registered dietitians (R.D.s) Physician assistants (P.A.s) Nurse practitioners Certified nurse midwives
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 13
Choosing a Primary Care Physician Coordinator of your medical care. Information about your Primary care doctor. Personal feelings after meeting your chosen
primary care physician. Choosing a Medical Facility.
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 14
Getting the Most Out of Your Medical Care The Physician-Patient partnership Your appointment with your physician The diagnostic process
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 15
Medical and Surgical Treatments Prescription medications
Medication errors Off-label drug use Online pharmacies Costs The appropriate questions to ask while seeking
treatment. Surgery
Key questions to ask before surgery
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 16
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Alternative medical system. Traditional Chinese medicine or Traditional Oriental
medicine (TCM). Acupuncture
Homeopathy Mind-Body interventions
Hypnosis Biological-based therapies
Herbal therapies
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 17
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods. Chiropractic Touch and body manipulation Osteopathic Massage acupressure Feldenkrais Rolfing
Energy Therapies Qigong Therapeutic touch Bioelectromagnetics Reiki
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 19
Evaluating Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Working with Your Physician. Safety Effectiveness Timing Cost
Questioning the CAM practitioner. Doing your own research. Why do consumers use complementary medicine?
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 20
Paying For Health Care The Current System Health insurance Traditional Fee-for-Service (Indemnity) plans Managed Care plans
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) Point-of-service (POS)
Chapter 21 © 2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 21
Health Savings Accounts HSAs became available in 2004 Two parts
1. Health plan with a high deductible2. Tax-exempt personal savings account
Government programs Medicare Medicaid
Choosing a policy