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8/8/2019 Control Studio
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Published by:New Wave Concepts Limited
St. Andrews House59 St. Andrews StreetCambridge CB2 3BZwww.new-wave-concepts.com
Issue 3, April 2003
Copyright 2001-2003New Wave Concepts Limited
All rights reserved. This book is copyrightmaterial but permission is granted to makephotocopies of pages for classroom use providedthat the copies are used exclusively within apurchasing institution. No other reproduction,storage in a retrieval system or transmission inany form or by any means may be made withoutprior permission from the copyright holder.
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he purpose of this book is to introduce theprinciples of problem solving with electronics.
It assumes no previous knowledge ofelectronics and the worksheets provided arephotocopiable within the purchasing educationinstitution. Teachers are free to adapt them to suittheir circumstances.
Before attempting the first chapter, pupils arerequired to be familiar with Control Studio. This canbe achieved by working through the quickstartsheets in Appendix A.
Once up to speed with Control Studio, pupils canwork through the two main chapters in this book.Chapter 1 has been designed to provide a groundingin systems thinking and to teach how electronicsystems function. Chapter 2 builds on this by askingthe reader to apply their knowledge to solvedifferentiated real-world problems. Data sheets areprovided in Appendix B as an aid.
Some pupils may wish to make some of the designsfeatured in this book. For this purpose, Control
Studio can be linked with PCB Wizard software tomanufacture printed circuit boards.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio will providepupils with a practical introduction to electronics,helping them place the subject in context to theeveryday world. It offers a course that will helpmotivate pupils and get them immediately involvedin using a systems approach to solve real lifeproblems. We hope the simple, prescriptive natureof this book will also aid those teachers who areteaching electronics for the first time.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 3
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Introduction
T
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1 Investigating systems 5
Systems 7
Inputs - Switches 10
Inputs - Sensors 12
Inputs - Pulses 15
Outputs 16
Processes - Logic 18
Processes - Bistables 24
Processes - Counting 25
Processes - Timing 28
2 Problem solving tasks 29
Burglar alarm 31
Fire fighting 32
Baby monitor 33
Lighthouse 34
Stopwatch 35
Spin drier 36
Greenhouse 37Traffic control 38
Factory safety 39
Airlock 40
Appendix A Quickstart 41
Appendix B Data sheets 47
Appendix C Worksheets 53
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 4
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Contents
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Electronic Systems with Control Studio 5
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Systems
InvestigatingSystems1
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Electronic Systems with Control Studio 6
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Systems
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What is a system?
A system is a collection of interconnected parts orsubsystems each of which performs a specific task.
There are many examples of systems in the realworld. A burglar alarm, for example, could beconsidered as a system.
Think of more examples of systems in your home.
Modelling a system
Each system is typically modelled using input-process-output and is often shown using a blockdiagram like the one below.
input subsystems, such as switches or sensors,represent physical signals from the outside world.
process subsystems change or combine signalsfrom the input subsystems, for example countingor timing.
output subsystems, such as motors or relays,use an actuator to change electronic signals fromthe process subsystems into physical signals.
arrows between the subsystems represent signalsmoving through the system.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 7
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Systems
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Modelling systems w ith Control
StudioControl Studio is a tool for modelling electronicsystems on a computer.
Consider a light switch in your home. It could berepresented by the following block diagram:
In Control Studio, the light switch system could bemodelled as:
In this example, a switch acts as an input, thetransistor processes the signal and the bulb acts asthe output.
Each of these blocks is a subsystem.
Connectors between blocks allow the signal to passthrough each subsystem.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 8
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Systems
Signal
Connector
Signals hold information passing through a system.
In Control Studio, signals are represented by Connectors
between the subsystems.
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There are two types of signal, digital andanalogue.
Digital signals can be either high or low, dependingon whether the signal is on or off. Often high isrepresented by a 1 and low is represented by a 0.
Join a Switch Unit and a Connector together asshown below.
Press the switch for a short period. You will noticethe signal level shown on the Connector goes on andthe LED lights up. This is a high digital signal.
This signal goes off when you release the switch.This is a low digital signal.
Analogue signals can be high, low or any value inbetween.
Now connect a Light Sensor to a Sensor Unit andplace a Connector to the right of the Sensor Unit:
Move the slider on the Light Sensor up and down.You will notice that the signal level shown on theConnector varies accordingly.
This is an analogue signal.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 9
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Systems
High
time
signalvoltage
Low
High
time
signal
voltage
Low
Dig i ta l s igna l
Ana logue s igna l
Low to high
High to low
Changing
Low to high
High to low
Changing
SignalLevel
Switch LED
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Construct the circuit diagram below.
Try pressing the switch. Does the Bulb turn on oroff?
Look at the Connector to the right of the switch. Isthe signal high or low when you press the switch?
Replace the Switch Unit with a Latching Switchconnected to a Sensor Unit.
Press the Latching Switch. Does the Bulb turn on oroff?
Press the Latching Switch again. Does the Bulb turnon or off?
Describe how the Latching Switch works.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 10
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Inputs
Switches are used to detect when something happens.
They produce a digital output signal that is either on oroff (1 or 0).
There are several types of switches in Control Studioincluding a Push Switch, Reed Switch and Tilt Switch.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
RECORD
RECORD
Latching Switch
subsystem
Switch Unitsubsystem
Sw i t ch es
Push Switchcircuit symbol
Latching Switchcircuit symbol
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Replace the Latching Switch with a Tilt Switch.
Move the slider upwards to increase the tilt. Doesthe Bulb turn on or off?
Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?
Move the slider downwards to decrease the tilt.Does the Bulb turn on or off?
Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?
Describe a situation where a Tilt Switch could beused.
Replace the Tilt Switch with a Reed Switch.
Move the slider upwards to move the magnet closer.Does the Bulb turn on or off?
Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?
Move the slider downwards to move the magnetaway. Does the Bulb turn on or off?
Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?
Describe how the Reed Switch works.
Name a situation where a Reed Switch could beused.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 11
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Inputs
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
RECORD
RECORD
Tilt Switchsubsystem
Reed Switchsubsystem
Sw i t ch es
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Construct the circuit below.
Move the slider upwards to increase the light level.What happens to the Bulb?
Move the slider downwards to decrease the lightlevel. What happens to the Bulb?
Does the Bulb light up gradually or switch oninstantly?
Is the light sensor analogue or digital?
The signal produced by the Light Sensoris shown in the Connector to the right ofthe Sensor Unit.
Move the slider up and down to see how the signalbargraph changes.
Suggest three uses for a Light Sensor.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 12
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Inputs
Sensors are used to detect changes in their surroundings.
They produce an analogue signal that varies dependingon the reading detected.
There are a range of sensors available in Control Studio,such as a Light Sensor, Moisture Sensor and TemperatureSensor.
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
RECORD
RECORD
Light Sensorsubsystem
Sensors
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We can see a graph of the input signal from theLight Sensor by adding an Oscilloscope and graph to
the circuit.
Adjust the slider upwards and downwards and drawa graph of the signal.
Try inserting a Comparator into the circuit betweenthe Sensor Unit and the Transistor.
Add a second wire from the Oscilloscope to the linkon the Connector between the Comparator andTransistor.
As you adjust the slider onthe Light Sensor, theOscilloscope graph willshow two readings: ananalogue input signal anda digital process signal.
Draw a graph of eachsignal.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 13
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Inputs
A Comparator can be used with sensors to convert theanalogue signal into a digital signal.
13.1
13.2
RECORD
RECORD
Comparatorsubsystem
Sensors
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Replace the Light Sensor with a Moisture Sensor.
Move the slider upwards and downwards to adjust
the moisture level.
Investigate how the Moisture Sensor works with andwithout a Comparator. You can do this be looking atthe Connector signal bargraph or by using anOscilloscope.
Is the Moisture Sensor analogue or digital?
Suggest three uses for a Moisture Sensor.
Replace the Moisture Sensor with a TemperatureSensor.
Move the slider upwards and downwards to adjustthe temperature.
Investigate how the Temperature Sensor works withand without a Comparator.
Is the Temperature Sensor analogue or digital?
Suggest three uses for a Temperature Sensor.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 14
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Inputs
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4RECORD
RECORD
Moisture Sensorsubsystem
TemperatureSensor subsystem
Sensors
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Construct the following circuit.
Describe the output produced by the Buzzer.
Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Whathappens to the output from the Buzzer?
Turn the dial of the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. Whathappens to the output from the Buzzer?
What does the dial on the Pulse Unit do?
Suggest two situations where the above circuit couldbe used.
Now replace the Buzzer with a Bulb.
Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise andanticlockwise.
Suggest two situations where a circuit like this couldbe used.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 15
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Inputs
A Pulse subsystem can be used to automatically generate
on/off digital pulses.
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
RECORD
RECORD
Pulsesubsystem
Pulses
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Construct the circuit below.
When you press the switch, the Bulb lights up.
Suggest three uses for a Bulb output subsystem.
Replace the Bulb with a Buzzer.
Press the switch and the Buzzer will sound.
Suggest three uses for a Buzzer output subsystem.
Replace the Buzzer with an LED.
Press the switch and the LED will light up.
Suggest a system where an LED could be usedinstead of a Bulb.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 16
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Outputs
16.1
16.2
RECORD
RECORD
16.3
RECORD
Output subsystems change electronic signals into physical
signals. The Bulb, for example, converts an electronicsignal into light.
There are a range of different output subsystems inControl Studio, such as a Bulb, Buzzer, LED and Motor.
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The circuits you have constructed so far have allincluded the Transistor subsystem as their driver.
This subsystem provides enough power to drive theBulb, Buzzer and LED outputs.
These are known as low power outputs.
Replace the Buzzer with a Motor.
Press the switch. You will notice that the Motor doesnot turn.
Replace the Transistor with a Darlington driver.
Press the switch again. The Motor should now turn.
Replace the Motor with a Solenoid. Investigate whathappens to the Solenoid when it is driven by aTransistor driver and a Darlington driver.
Swap the Solenoid with a Relay and repeat theabove investigation.
Are the Relay and Solenoid subsystems low poweror high power outputs?
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 17
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Outputs
The Motor does not turn because it requires more power
to drive it than the Transistor can provide. The Motor isan example of a high power output.
Outputs require a driver subsystem to power them. You
should always include a driver in your system.
17.1
RECORD
Darlingtonsubsystem
Transistorsubsystem
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The Inverter is a simple logic gate. It is also knownas the NOT gate.
Construct the circuit below.
Press the switch. Is the Bulb on or off?
Describe how the Inverter works.
The function of an Inverter can be represented by atruth table. Truth tables show the inputs andoutputs of logic gates, with 0 for a low (off) signaland 1 for a high (on) signal.
Complete the truth table for an Inverter.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 18
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
I nput Output
0 ?
1 ?
Inverter (NOTgate) subsystem
Processes
Electronic products, such as watches and computers,
function by making decisions. These decisions are madeusing logic gates.
Logic gates are so called because they may be openedand closed to signals.
Logic gates take digital input signals (0 or 1), processthem and produce a digital output signal. The outputsignal depends on the state (0 or 1) of the input signals.
Inverter (NOT
gate) circuitsymbol
18.1
18.2
18.3
RECORD
RECORD
Log ic
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Modify your previous circuit by replacing the ANDgate with an OR gate.
Your circuit should now look like this:
Try pressing switch A. Is the Bulb on or off?
Try pressing switch B. Is the Bulb on or off?
Try pressing switch A and switch B together. Is theBulb on or off?
Describe how the OR gate works.
The function of an OR gate can be represented by atruth table, with 0 for a low (off) signal and 1 for ahigh (on) signal.
Complete the truth table for an OR gate.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 20
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
OR gatesubsystem
sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0 ?
0 1 ?
1 0 ?
1 1 ?
Processes
You can replace the AND gate subsystem block bydragging the OR gate on top of the AND gate.
OR gatecircuit symbol
20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
switch A
switch B
RECORD
RECORD
Log ic
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The NAND gate is equivalent to an AND gatefollowed by an Inverter.
Construct the circuit below.
Describe how the NAND gate works.
Try pressing the switches and complete the truth
table for a NAND gate.
Suggest one situation in which a NAND gate couldbe used.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 21
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
NAND gatesubsystem
sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0 ?
0 1 ?
1 0 ?
1 1 ?
Processes
=
NAND gate
circuit symbol
21.1
21.3
21.2RECORD
RECORD
switch A
switch B
Logic
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The NOR gate is equivalent to an OR gate followedby an Inverter.
Construct the circuit below.
Describe how the NOR gate works.
Try pressing the switches and complete the truth
table for a NOR gate.
Suggest one situation in which a NOR gate could be
used.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 22
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
NOR gatesubsystem
sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0 ?
0 1 ?
1 0 ?
1 1 ?
Processes
=
NOR gatecircuit symbol
22.1
22.3
22.2RECORD
RECORD
switch A
switch B
Log ic
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The XOR gate is an exclusive OR logic gate.
Construct the circuit below.
Try pressing the switches and complete the truthtable for an XOR gate.
Describe how the XOR gate works.
Suggest one situation in which an XOR gate could beused.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 23
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
XOR gatecircuit symbol
23.1
23.2
23.3
RECORD
RECORD
Processes
Logic
XOR gatesubsystem
sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0 ?
0 1 ?
1 0 ?
1 1 ?
switch A
switch B
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Construct the circuit below.
Press the switch for a short while. You will noticethat the Bulb lights while the switch is held down.
What happens to the Bulb when you release theswitch?
Insert a Positive Latch subsystem in your circuit
between the Switch Unit and the Transistor.
Your circuit will now look like this:
Press switch A. What happens to the Bulb when yourelease the switch?
Press switch B. You will notice that the Bulb goesout. What function does switch B perform?
Describe how the bistable works.
Suggest two situations where a bistable could be
used.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 24
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Latch (Bistable)subsystem
Often in electronic systems it is useful to remember when
something has happened.
This can be done using a bistable, often known as alatch. The bistable accepts a digital signal andremembers its state (which can be either 0 or 1).
Processes
24.2
24.1
24.3
switch A
switch B
RECORD
RECORD
Bistable circuit
Bis tab les
24.4
24.5
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Counting systems are always digital and they countdigital pulses.
Pulses can come from switches, sensors and pulse
generators.
Construct the following circuit.
Press the switch. What happens to the Counter?
Now replace the Debounced Switch with a LightSensor connected to a Sensor Unit.
Also, as the Light Sensor produces an analoguesignal, we need to add a Comparator between theSensor Unit and the Counter.
Move the slider upwards. What happens to theCounter?
Move the slider downwards. What happens now tothe Counter?
Write a sentence to describe how the Counterworks.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 25
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Processes
Electronic systems often need to count how many times
something happens. A digital clock, for example, countsthe minutes and hours during the day.
The Counter keeps track of the number of times its inputsignal goes from low (0) to high (1).
25.1
25.2
25.3
25.4
Countersubsystem
RECORD
RECORD
Coun t i ng
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Construct the following circuit.
What happens to the Counter when you press theswitch?
The Pulse Unit is often used with a Counter to makeit count automatically.
Replace the Switch Unit with a Pulse Unit.
Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Whathappens to the Counter?
Turn the dial of the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. What
happens to the Counter?
We can see a graph of the pulses by adding anOscilloscope and graph to the circuit.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 26
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Pulsesubsystem
Processes
The reason the Counter stops working properly is because
the Counter needs a clean input signal. When a normalswitch is pressed, the metal contacts bounce producingseveral very quick on and off pulses. The DebouncedSwitch prevents this from happening.
26.1
26.2
26.3
RECORD
RECORD
Coun t i ng
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Add an Oscilloscope and graph to your circuit.
Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Draw agraph of the pulses.
Now turn the dial on the Pulse Unit anticlockwise.Draw a graph of the pulses.
Construct the following circuit.
What happens to the Counter when the switch is notpressed?
Press the switch. Now what happens to the Counter?
Describe how the circuit works.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 27
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Processes
27.1
27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
Logic gates are sometimes used to control the flow ofpulses to a Counter.
RECORD
RECORD
Coun t i ng
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Construct the following circuit.
Press the switch. You will notice that the Bulb stayson for a short time after you have released theswitch.
Turn the dial anticlockwise. Is the time delayincreased or decreased?
Turn the dial clockwise. Is the time delay increasedor decreased?
See what happens when you replace the Bulb with aBuzzer.
We can see a graph of the delayed signals by addingan Oscilloscope and graph to the circuit.
Draw a graph of the input signal and a graph of thedelayed output signal.
Adjust the dial and investigate what happens to thetwo signals shown on the Oscilloscope graph.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 28
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Processes
For many purposes it is useful to make something happen
for a fixed period of time.
The Delay unit can be used to create a delay in yourcircuit. It takes a digital input signal and produces adelayed digital output signal.
28.1
28.2
28.3
RECORD
RECORD
Delaysubsystem
Tim in g
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Electronic Systems with Control Studio 29
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Problem
SolvingTasks
Tasks
2
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The system needs to detect when there is a weightpressed on the carpet.
First consider the inputs. Do you think a sensor or aswitch should be used?
Now think about a suitable output for the system,remembering it needs to generate a sound.
Which driver provides enough power for the outputyou have chosen?
Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.
Model the system in Control Studio and test it worksas you described in question D2.
Modify your design so that the alarm stays on for ashort time after the burglar has been detected.(Hint: the inputs and outputs will stay the same, butyou need to think how the processing of the inputswill change.)
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model the system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Extend your design so that the alarm only soundswhen it is nighttime.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 31
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
D1
E1E2
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Extension
Design
Tasks
Burglar Alarm
You have been asked to design aburglar alarm system for a house.
A pressure pad is to be placed undera carpet. An alarm should soundwhen someone steps on the carpet.
A1
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Consider which type of input sensor could be usedto detect a fire.
Which output would you use?
Which driver provides enough power for the output?
Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.
Model the system in Control Studio and test it worksas you described in question D2.
The system should continue putting the fire out untilit is manually reset. Modify your existing design toachieve this.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Improve your design further to detect both smokeand heat.
Draw a block diagram for your solution and describehow it works.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 32
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Fire Fighting
A local company has asked you todesign a fire security system.
The system should detect whenthere is a fire and operate asolenoid to open a water pump.
Tasks
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advanced
extension
Extension
Design
A1
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The system needs to detect temperature. Whichtype of input sensor should be used?
Now think about a suitable output that could beused as an alarm.
Which driver provides enough power for the outputyou have chosen?
Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.
Model the system in Control Studio and test it worksas you described in question D2.
The couple want you to design a new system whichsounds an alarm if the babys nappy is wet.
Consider the inputs and outputs for the system andthen draw a block diagram.
Describe how your solution will work.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Combine the two systems together that you havedesigned so far to sound an alarm if the baby getstoo hot or its nappy needs changing.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 33
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Baby Monitor
A young couple want you todesign a system to monitortheir baby while it is sleeping.It should sound an alarm ifthe baby becomes too hot.
Tasks
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Extension
Design
A1
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Consider whichinput you woulduse to detectwhen it is dark.
Think about a suitable output for the system.
Which driver provides enough power for the outputyou have chosen?
Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.
Model the system in Control Studio and test it worksas you described in question D2.
You have been asked by the lighthouse keeper toimprove your design so that the light flashes on andoff. (Hint: You will need logic to solve this problem.)
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Improve your design further so that it can becontrolled by an on/off switch.
Draw a block diagram for your system and describehow it works.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 34
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Lighthouse
Design an automatic controlsystem for a lighthouse thatswitches the light on when itgets dark.
Tasks
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Extension
Design
A1
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The stopwatch needs to count up in seconds.Consider a suitable input that can do this.
Next, think about an output that will act as asuitable display. (Hint: the subsystem you needcombines processing and output.)
Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.
Model the system in Control Studio and test it worksas you described in question D2.
Modify your design so that the stopwatch onlycounts when you press a button. (Hint: You need toconsider adding logic to your system.)
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio to make sure itworks properly.
The system you have designed stops counting as
soon as you let go of the switch. Improve it so thatthe stopwatch keeps counting when you release theswitch. You will also need to be able to stop thestopwatch counting.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Electronic Systems with Control Studio 35
Copyright 2001-2003 New Wave Concepts Limited. www.new-wave-concepts.com
Tasks
Stopwatch
You have been askedto design a stopwatchdisplay for your localathletics club.
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advanced
extension
Extension
Design
A1
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Consider a suitableinput to the system.
Which type of outputcould be used to spinthe clothes?
Which driver provides enough power for the outputyou have chosen?
Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.
Model the system in Control Studio and test it worksas you described in question D2.
The clothes take a while to dry. Modify your systemso that the drier keeps spinning for a period afteryou have pressed the button.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Improve your design so that it stops automaticallywhen the clothes are dry.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
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Spin Drier
Design a simple spin drier system.
It should dry clothes inside the spindrier when you press a switch.
Tasks
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Extension
Design
A1
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Consider which input to use in order to detect whenthe soil becomes dry.
Now think about a suitable output for the system,remembering that it needs to pump water.
Which driver provides enough power for the outputyou have chosen?
Draw a block diagram and describe how your systemwill work.
Model the system in Control Studio and test it works
as you described in question D2.
The gardener is worried that watering the plants inthe daytime may cause the leaves to be scorched.The plants should only be watered at night.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
The gardener now wishes to conserve water. Modifyyour design so that the water is only pumpedintermittently.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
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Tasks
Greenhouse
A gardener wants to install anautomatic watering system inhis greenhouse. The soil mustnot be allowed to become dry.
Design a suitable system to dothis.
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Extension
Design
A1
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Consider a suitable input to thesystem.
Which type of output could beused to illuminate the sign?
Which driver would be suitable to power the output?
Draw a block diagram of your system and describehow it works.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks as you described in question D2.
Modify your design so that it automatically controlsthe flow of traffic. Use a green LED subsystem torepresent a green GO sign.
Draw a block diagram of your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Your solution has proved dangerous. Improve it to
include a red STOP sign as well as a green GOsign (Hint: this is a tough one!).
Draw a block diagram of your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
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Traffic Control
Design a system to control theflow of a single lane of traffic. A
GO sign should light up when aworkman presses a switch.
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Extension
Design
A1
Tasks
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First consider the inputs.Which type of switch orsensor would you use?
Think about a suitable output for the system.
Finally consider how it will be possible to detectwhen it is safe to operate the motor.
Draw a block diagram of your system and describehow it works.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks as you described in question D2.
Extend your system so that the drill automaticallystops when it becomes too hot.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
Modify your design further so that the drillautomatically stops and an alarm sounds when itgets too hot. (Hint: this is a tough one!).
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
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Tasks
Factory Safety
You have been asked to design a safetycontrol system for a drilling machine in alocal factory.
A drill motor is controlled by an on/offswitch. The motor should only operatewhen the safety guard is down.
D1
E1
E2
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Extension
Design
A1
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Think about which input you will use to detect when
a switch is pressed.Use a solenoid to control the lock on the door. Thedoor opens when the arm on the solenoid movesdown.
Consider which subsystem you can use to keep thedoor open for a short period.
Which driver provides enough power for use withthe solenoid?
Draw a block diagram of your system and describehow it works.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks as you described in question D2.
Now design a new system to control an airlock.There are two doors, an inner door and an outerdoor, each controlled by a switch. The solenoid lockfor each door should only open when the switch ispressed and the other door is closed.
Draw a block diagram for your solution.
Model your system in Control Studio and test itworks.
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Tasks
Airlock
You have been asked to design adoor in a spacecraft that openswhen you press a switch. Thedoor should open long enoughfor you to climb through beforeit closes automatically.
D1
A1
A2
D2
D3
Advancedextension
Design
Hint:this isa verytoughone!
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Appendix AQuickstartA
Quickstart
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Quickstart
Drawing systems circuits1Systems are modelled by joining subsystem blocks together.
Using the Gallery
Adding subsystem blocks
You can add subsystem blocks to your designsby using the Gallery.
1 Click on the Gallery button.
2 The Gallery window will then appear.
You will see a series of buttons calledinput, process, output and so on.
Click on one of these buttons to see thesubsystem blocks in that group.
You can always click onthe Home button to go
back to the menu.
Once you can see the subsystemblock you want in the Gallery:
1 Move the mouse over the block inthe Gallery. Press and hold downthe left mouse button.
2 With the left mouse button stillheld down, move the mouse to
drag the block onto the circuit.
3 Finally, release the mouse buttonwhen the subsystem block is inthe required position.
The subsystem blocks must be now linked together with Connectors. SeeQuickstart 2Working with Connectors for more information.
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Quickstart
Working with Connectors2Connectors are used to join subsystem blocks together.
1 Move the mouse over a Connectorin the Gallery.
2 Press and hold down the leftmouse button. With the mousebutton still held down, move the
mouse to drag the Connector ontothe circuit.
3 As you drag the Connector near asubsystem block it will attach itselfto one side.
4 Finally, release the mouse buttonwhen the Connector is in therequired position.
When the arrow points into asubsystem block, the Connectorprovides an input signal.
When the arrow points away froma subsystem block, the Connectorprovides an output signal.
When a Connector is placed next to a subsystem block the direction of thearrow determines whether the signal acts as an input or as an output.
output signal
input signal
Arrows on Connectors determine the direction in whichsignals flow between subsystem blocks.
Click on a Connector arrow with the right mouse buttonto change the direction in which the signal flows.
Adding a Connector
Understanding signal flow
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Quickstart
Working with wires3Wires allow signals to flow between separate parts of your circuit.
1 To add a wire, first move themouse over a link connection.
When you are over a wiring link,the cursor will change shape.
2 Press and hold down the leftmouse button.
Adding a wire
Adding a bend to a w ire
3 With the mouse button still helddown, move the mouse to drag thewire onto another link connection.
When you go over a suitable link,
the cursor will change shape.4 Release the mouse button. A wire will
then connect the two links.
You can add a bend to a wire.
1 Click with left mouse button twice in
the middle of the wire.
2 Move the mouse over the blacksquare that appears.
3 Press and hold down the left mousebutton.
4 With the mouse button still helddown, move the mouse to bend thewire.
5 Release the mouse button
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Appendix BData SheetsB
Data
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Data
Switch UnitDetects a force. Output signal goeshigh when the switch is pressed.
Latching SwitchDetects a force. Output signal goeshigh or low when the switch ispressed. Connect to a Sensor Unit.
Tilt Sw itchDetects movement. Output signalgoes high when the sensor istilted. Connect to a Sensor Unit.
Reed SwitchDetects magnetism. Output signalgoes high when a magnet is near.Connect to a Sensor Unit.
Light SensorDetects light. Output signalincreases as light increases.Connect to a Sensor Unit.
Temperature SensorDetects temperature. Output signalincreases as temperature increases.Connect to a Sensor Unit.
Moisture SensorDetects moisture. Output signalincreases as moisture increases.Connect to a Sensor Unit.
Pulse UnitGenerates a continuous stream ofhigh then low digital pulses.
Debounced SwitchDetects a force. Output signal goes
high when the switch is pressed.Suitable for use with a Counter.
Inputs
11
11
12
14
14
15
26
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ComparatorConverts an analogue signal into adigital signal. Normally used withanalogue input sensors.
Inverter (NOT gate)Reverses its digital input signal.The output signal goes low whenthe input signal is high.
OR gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.
NAND gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.
NOR gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.
Positive Latch (Bistable)Remembers when the input digitalsignal goes high. Output signalstays high until it is reset.
CounterCounts the number of times thedigital input signal goes from lowto high.
AND gateCombines twodigital signals.See truth table.
Processes
XOR gateCombines two
digital signals.See truth table.
Data
13
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
in A in B out
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
in A in B out
0 0 10 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
in A in B out
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
in A in B out
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
in A in B out
0 0 0
0 1 11 0 1
1 1 0
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Data
DelayProvides a time delay. The outputsignal goes high for a short timeafter the input signal goes high.
Processes (continued)
Transistor
Converts an electrical signal into astronger signal that is able to drivelow power output subsystems.
DarlingtonConverts an electrical signal into astronger signal that is able to drivehigh power output subsystems.
Drivers
MotorConverts an electrical signal intorotational motion. Use with aDarlington driver.
LEDConverts an electrical signal intolight. Use with a Transistor driver.
BuzzerConverts an electrical signal intosound. Use with a Transistor driver.
BulbConverts an electrical signal intolight. Use with a Transistor driver.
Outputs
28
16
16
16
17
17
17
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Data
SolenoidConverts an electrical signal intolinear motion. Use with aDarlington driver.
RelayConverts an electrical signal intomovement of a switch. Use with aDarlington driver.
Outputs (continued)
Dig i ta l s igna l Ana logue s igna l
Low to high
High to low
Changing
Low to high
High to low
Changing
Signals
The signals shown in the data sheets are as follows:
17
17
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Appendix CWorksheetsC
Worksheets
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Worksheets
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Worksheets
11.4 Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?
11.5 Describe a situation where a Tilt Switch could be used.
11.6 Move the magnet closer. Does the Bulb turn on or off?
11.7 Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?
11.8 Move the magnet away. Does the Bulb turn on or off?
11.9 Look at the Connector. Is the signal high or low?
11.10 Describe how the Reed Switch works.
11.11 Name a situation where a Reed Switch could be used.
Inputs Sw i t ch es (see page 11 for questions)
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12.1 Increase the light level. What happens to the Bulb?
12.2 Decrease the light level. What happens to the Bulb?
12.3 Does the Bulb light up gradually or switch on instantly?
12.4 Is the Light Sensor analogue or digital?
12.5 Suggest three uses for a Light Sensor.
13.1 Draw a graph of the signal produced by the Light Sensor.
Inputs Sensors (see pages 12 and 13 for questions)
signalvoltage
time
Light Sensor signal graph
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13.2 Draw a graph of each signal.
Inputs Sensors (see pages 13 and 14 for questions)
14.1 Is the Moisture Sensor analogue or digital?
14.3 Is the Temperature Sensor analogue or digital?
14.2 Suggest three uses for a Moisture Sensor.
14.4 Suggest three uses for a Temperature Sensor.
signalvoltage
time
Analogue signal graph
signalvoltage
time
Digital signal graph
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Inputs Pulses (see page 15 for questions)
15.1 Describe the output produced by the buzzer.
15.2 Turn the dial clockwise. What happens to the output from the Buzzer?
15.3 Turn the dial anticlockwise. What happens to the output from the Buzzer?
15.4 What does the dial on the Pulse Unit do?
15.5 Suggest two situations where the Buzzer circuit could be used.
15.6 Suggest two situations where the Bulb circuit could be used.
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Outputs (see pages 16 and 17 for questions)
16.1 Suggest three uses for a Bulb output subsystem.
16.2 Suggest three uses for a Buzzer output subsystem.
16.3 Suggest a system where an LED could be used instead of a Bulb.
17.1 Are the Relay and Solenoid subsystems low power or high power outputs?
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Processes Log ic (see pages 18 and 19 for questions)
18.1 Press the switch. Is the Bulb on or off?
19.1 Press switch A. Is the Bulb on or off?
19.2 Press switch B. Is the Bulb on or off?
19.3 Press both switches A and B together. Is the Bulb on or off?
18.2 Describe how the Inverter works.
19.4 Describe how the AND gate works.
18.3 Complete the truth table for an Inverter.
Input Output
0
1
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sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0
0 1
1 01 1
sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Processes Log ic (see pages 19 and 20 for questions)
19.5 Complete the truth table for an AND gate.
20.5 Complete the truth table for an OR gate.
20.1 Press switch A. Is the Bulb on or off?
20.2 Press switch B. Is the Bulb on or off?
20.3 Press both switches A and B together. Is the Bulb on or off?
20.4 Describe how the OR gate works.
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Processes Log ic (see pages 21 and 22 for questions)
sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
21.2 Complete the truth table for a NAND gate.
21.1 Describe how the NAND gate works.
22.1 Describe how the NOR gate works.
21.3 Suggest one situation in which a NAND gate could be used.
sw itch A sw itch B Bulb
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
22.2 Complete the truth table for a NOR gate.
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Processes Bis tab les (see page 24 for questions)
24.1 What happens to the Bulb when you release the switch?
24.2 Press switch A. What happens to the Bulb when you release the switch?
24.3 Press switch B. What function does switch B perform?
24.4 Describe how the bistable works.
24.5 Suggest two situations in which a bistable could be used.
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25.1 Press the switch. What happens to the Counter?
25.2 Move the slider upwards. What happens to the Counter?
25.3 Move the slider downwards. What happens now to the Counter?
25.4 Write a sentence to describe how the Counter works.
26.1 What happens to the Counter when you press the switch?
26.2 Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. What happens to the Counter?
26.3 Turn the dial of the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. What happens to the Counter?
Processes Coun t i ng (see pages 25 and 26 for questions)
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27.1 Turn the dial on the Pulse Unit clockwise. Draw a graph of the pulses.
27.2 Now turn the dial on the Pulse Unit anticlockwise. Draw a graph of the pulses.
27.3 What happens to the Counter when the switch is not pressed?
27.4 Press the switch. Now what happens to the Counter?
27.5 Describe how the circuit works.
Processes Coun t i ng (see page 27 for questions)
signalvoltage
time
Pulse graph
signalvoltage
time
Pulse graph
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28.1 Turn the dial anticlockwise. Is the time delay increased or decreased?
28.2 Turn the dial clockwise. Is the time delay increased or decreased?
28.3 Draw a graph of the input signal and a graph of the delayed output signal.
signalvoltage
time
Input signal graph
signalvoltage
time
Delayed output signal graph
Processes Tim in g (see page 28 for questions)
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D1 Design your system.
D2 Draw a block diagram for your system and describe how it works.
Click on the print button to print out your fi nished design.
D3 Model the system in Control Studio and test it works.
Task
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E1 Extension. Draw a block diagram for your solution.
E2 Extension. Model the system in Control Studio and test it works.
Click on the print button to print out your f in ished design.
Task
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A1 Advanced extension. Draw a block diagram for your solution.
A2 Advanced extension. Model the system in Control Studio and test it works.
Click on the print button to print out your fini shed design.
Task
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