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Reshma Raju
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CONTROL STRUCTURE IN C
Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees ofbaabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not officialdocument of baabtra –Mentoring PartnerBaabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt . Ltd
CONTROL STRUCTURE IN C
The control structure is any mechanism that departs from thedefault straight-line execution.
The instructions, statements or group of statements in aprogramming language which determines the sequence ofexecution of other instructions or statements.
if statement
The if statement is a decision making statement.
It is used to control the flow of execution and also used to test logically whether the condition is true or false.
Syntax:-
If(condition)
{
Statement;
}
Example for if statement
#include<stdio.h> OUTPUT
void main() Enter the number :9
{ The entered number 9 is less than 10
int i;
printf("Enter the number :");
scanf("%d",&i);
if(i<10)
{
printf("The entered number %d is less than 10",i);
}
}
If…..else statement
The if....else statement is an extension of the simple if statement.
The syntax is:
if (condition){True-block statement;}else{False-block statement;}
If the condition is true, then the true-block statements are executed; otherwise the false-block statement are executed.
Example for if….else statement
#include<stdio.h> OUTPUT
void main() Enter the number :50
{
int i; The entered number 50 is greater than 10
printf("Enter the number :");
scanf("%d",&i);
if(i<10)
{
printf(“\nThe entered number %d is less than 10\n",i);
}
else
{
printf(“\nThe entered number %d is greater than 10\n",i);
}
}
Nested If-else statement
The nested if...else statement is used when program requires more than one test expression.
The syntax is:if (test expression1)
{ statement to be executed if test expression1 is true;
}
else if(test expression2)
{statement to be executed if test expression1 is false and 2 is true;
}
else if (test expression 3)
{ statement to be executed if text expression1 and 2 are false and 3 is true;
}
.
.
else
{ statements to be executed if all test expressions are false;
}
Example for Nested if-else statement
#include <stdio.h> OUTPUT
int main() Enter two integers :40 50
{ Result: 50>40
int numb1, numb2;
printf("Enter two integers :");
scanf("%d %d",&numb1,&numb2);
if(numb1==numb2) //checking whether two integers are equal.
printf("Result: %d = %d",numb1,numb2);
else
if(numb1>numb2) //checking whether numb1 is greater than numb2.
printf("Result: %d > %d",numb1,numb2);
else
printf("Result: %d > %d",numb2,numb1);
}
Switch statement
The switch statement evaluates an expression, then attempts to match the result to one of several possible cases.
Each case contains a value and a list of statements
Often a break statement is used as the last statement in each case's statement list
A break statement causes control to transfer to the end of the switch statement
If a break statement is not used, the flow of control will continue into the next case
Example for switch statement#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int int_i; // declare the variable int_i
printf("\n 1.Play game \n");
printf("\n 2.Load game \n");
printf("\n 3.Play multiplayer \n");
printf("\n 4.Exit \n");
printf("\n ENTER YOUR CHOICE:");
scanf("\n %d",&int_i); //store the integer variable
switch(int_i) // select the switch case statement
{
case 1:
printf("\n WELCOME PLAYER");
break; // break the case 1
case 2:
printf("\n WAIT WHILE THE GAME IS LOADING");
break;
case 3:
printf("\n CONNECT YOUR PARTNERS") ; OUTPUT
break; 1. Play Game
case 4: 2. Load Game
exit(0); //exit the function 3. Play Multiplayer4. Exit
default: ENTER YOUR CHOICE:2
printf("\n INVALID") ;
break; WAIT WHILE THE GAME IS LOADING
}
}
Ternary condition
Syntax :
expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3
expression1 is Condition
expression2 is Statement Followed if Condition is True
expression2 is Statement Followed if Condition is False
Example for ternary condition
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter the Number : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
(num%2==0)?printf("Even"):printf("Odd");
}
OUTPUT
Enter the number : 5
Odd
Break statement break statement is used to exit from a loop or a switch, control
passing to the first statement beyond the loop or a switch.
Example for break statement#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i; OUTPUT
for(i=0;i<=10;i++)
{ 0 1 2 3 4
if(i==5)
{
break;
}
printf(" %d",i);
}
}
Continue statement continue is similar to the break statement but it only works
within loops where its effect is to force an immediate jump to the loop control statement.
Example for continue statement#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i; OUTPUT
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
if(i==5)
{
continue;
}
printf(" %d",i);
}
}
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