Control of Gene Expression ©Copyright 1999-2004 by Gene C. Lavers No part of this presentation may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic

Control of Gene ExpressionControl of Gene ExpressionControl of Gene ExpressionControl of Gene Expression

©Copyright 1999-2004 by Gene C. Lavers

No part of this presentation may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copied for public or private use, without written permission from the publisher.

©Copyright 1999-2004 by Gene C. Lavers

No part of this presentation may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copied for public or private use, without written permission from the publisher.

Lecture 53-54Lecture 53-54Baynes & Dominiczak, Baynes & Dominiczak, Chapter 32Chapter 32

Gene C. Lavers, Ph.D.Gene C. Lavers, [email protected]@nyu.edu

Lecture 53-54Lecture 53-54Baynes & Dominiczak, Baynes & Dominiczak, Chapter 32Chapter 32

Gene C. Lavers, Ph.D.Gene C. Lavers, [email protected]@nyu.edu

© 1999-2004 by Gene C. Lavers, Ph.D.

2

5400 nucleotides code for 200,000 daltons in 9 viral proteins5400 nucleotides code for 200,000 daltons in 9 viral proteins 5400 nt / 3 coding ratio = 1600 aa is the coding potential5400 nt / 3 coding ratio = 1600 aa is the coding potential But, 250,000 d of proteins expressed! (50,000/110 = But, 250,000 d of proteins expressed! (50,000/110 = 455 extra455 extra aa) aa) 50,000 d extra protein due to overlapping 50,000 d extra protein due to overlapping DD, , EE genes; also genes; also DD and and JJ genes, genes, which overlap by 1-nucleotidewhich overlap by 1-nucleotide

5400 nucleotides code for 200,000 daltons in 9 viral proteins5400 nucleotides code for 200,000 daltons in 9 viral proteins 5400 nt / 3 coding ratio = 1600 aa is the coding potential5400 nt / 3 coding ratio = 1600 aa is the coding potential But, 250,000 d of proteins expressed! (50,000/110 = But, 250,000 d of proteins expressed! (50,000/110 = 455 extra455 extra aa) aa) 50,000 d extra protein due to overlapping 50,000 d extra protein due to overlapping DD, , EE genes; also genes; also DD and and JJ genes, genes, which overlap by 1-nucleotidewhich overlap by 1-nucleotide

Overlapping Genes Overlapping Genes Genome Genome moleculemolecule phagephage X174X174

Overlapping Genes Overlapping Genes Genome Genome moleculemolecule phagephage X174X174

Circular ChromosomeCircular ChromosomeCircular ChromosomeCircular Chromosome

DDDDEEEE

JJJJ


3

Gene Expression Gene Expression ConceptsConceptsBacteriophage Bacteriophage X-174X-174 Gene Expression Gene Expression ConceptsConceptsBacteriophage Bacteriophage X-174X-174

mRNAmRNA E proteinE protein:: val arg val arg trptrp thr thr

pppGUA--//--GGUAAGAAAUCpppGUA--//--GGUAAGAAAUCAUG AUG AGU CAA GUU--//--UGC GUU UAGU CAA GUU--//--UGC GUU UAU GAU GGU ACG CUGU ACG CUGG GAC GAC

D proteinD protein:: ser gln val --//--cys val tyr gly thr ser gln val --//--cys val tyr gly thr leuleu aspasp

-- -- E proteinE protein------Arg lys glu------Arg lys glu | | ser lys gly lys ------ ser lys gly lys ------ J proteinJ protein------------>>

---------------------GCG GAA GGA GUG AUG ---------------------GCG GAA GGA GUG AUG UAUAAA UGUG UCU AAA GGU AAA -----------------------> 5’ UCU AAA GGU AAA -----------------------> 5’

-- D protein --- -- D protein --- ala glu gly val metala glu gly val met | | COOHCOOH

ObservationsObservations D and E use two framings shifted by 1 position (G4 virus has 3 overlapping D and E use two framings shifted by 1 position (G4 virus has 3 overlapping

frames!!)frames!!) D stop UAA overlaps J-protein Start AUG. D stop UAA overlaps J-protein Start AUG. i.ei.e., UA., UAAAUGUG D, E, and J proteins all have different framing from each otherD, E, and J proteins all have different framing from each other Synonym mutation in D protein’sSynonym mutation in D protein’s leu-codon, CUleu-codon, CUGG to to CUCUAA: yields normal D: yields normal D Effect in E protein: trp-codon UEffect in E protein: trp-codon UGGG to UG to UAAG stop codon: yields E as a tripeptideG stop codon: yields E as a tripeptide D, E, and J’s D, E, and J’s fmetfmet removed by protease (a posttranslational modification) removed by protease (a posttranslational modification)

mRNAmRNA E proteinE protein:: val arg val arg trptrp thr thr

pppGUA--//--GGUAAGAAAUCpppGUA--//--GGUAAGAAAUCAUG AUG AGU CAA GUU--//--UGC GUU UAGU CAA GUU--//--UGC GUU UAU GAU GGU ACG CUGU ACG CUGG GAC GAC

D proteinD protein:: ser gln val --//--cys val tyr gly thr ser gln val --//--cys val tyr gly thr leuleu aspasp

-- -- E proteinE protein------Arg lys glu------Arg lys glu | | ser lys gly lys ------ ser lys gly lys ------ J proteinJ protein------------>>

---------------------GCG GAA GGA GUG AUG ---------------------GCG GAA GGA GUG AUG UAUAAA UGUG UCU AAA GGU AAA -----------------------> 5’ UCU AAA GGU AAA -----------------------> 5’

-- D protein --- -- D protein --- ala glu gly val metala glu gly val met | | COOHCOOH

ObservationsObservations D and E use two framings shifted by 1 position (G4 virus has 3 overlapping D and E use two framings shifted by 1 position (G4 virus has 3 overlapping

frames!!)frames!!) D stop UAA overlaps J-protein Start AUG. D stop UAA overlaps J-protein Start AUG. i.ei.e., UA., UAAAUGUG D, E, and J proteins all have different framing from each otherD, E, and J proteins all have different framing from each other Synonym mutation in D protein’sSynonym mutation in D protein’s leu-codon, CUleu-codon, CUGG to to CUCUAA: yields normal D: yields normal D Effect in E protein: trp-codon UEffect in E protein: trp-codon UGGG to UG to UAAG stop codon: yields E as a tripeptideG stop codon: yields E as a tripeptide D, E, and J’s D, E, and J’s fmetfmet removed by protease (a posttranslational modification) removed by protease (a posttranslational modification)

fmet

fmetfmet

fmetfmet

Translating Overlapping GenesTranslating Overlapping GenesTranslating Overlapping GenesTranslating Overlapping Genes


4

RegulatorRegulator Gene Structural genesGene Structural genes

||==== ii ==| ==| ==== pp ==|====|== oo ==== |====== |======zz =======|=======|========yy ======||====== aa ======== || | |

| |

i i mRNA mRNA laclac mRNA mRNA

RepressorRepressor -galactosidase -galactosidase permeasepermease transacetylasetransacetylase

Operator with 35 bp and 2-fold symmetryOperator with 35 bp and 2-fold symmetry

-21 -3-21 -3

5’ (-) - - 5’ (-) - - TGTGTG G AATTGTTGTGTG G AATTGT G A G C G G A T A G A G C G G A T A ACAATT T CACACAACAATT T CACACA - - - - - - - - - -

3’ (+) - - 3’ (+) - - ACACACACACAC C C TTAACATTAACA C C TT C C GG C C CC T T AA T T TGTTAATGTTAA A A GTGTGTGTGTGT - - - - - - - - - -

|--- 22 bp protected by Repressor --------||--- 22 bp protected by Repressor --------|

RegulatorRegulator Gene Structural genesGene Structural genes

||==== ii ==| ==| ==== pp ==|====|== oo ==== |====== |======zz =======|=======|========yy ======||====== aa ======== || | |

| |

i i mRNA mRNA laclac mRNA mRNA

RepressorRepressor -galactosidase -galactosidase permeasepermease transacetylasetransacetylase

Operator with 35 bp and 2-fold symmetryOperator with 35 bp and 2-fold symmetry

-21 -3-21 -3

5’ (-) - - 5’ (-) - - TGTGTG G AATTGTTGTGTG G AATTGT G A G C G G A T A G A G C G G A T A ACAATT T CACACAACAATT T CACACA - - - - - - - - - -

3’ (+) - - 3’ (+) - - ACACACACACAC C C TTAACATTAACA C C TT C C GG C C CC T T AA T T TGTTAATGTTAA A A GTGTGTGTGTGT - - - - - - - - - -

|--- 22 bp protected by Repressor --------||--- 22 bp protected by Repressor --------|

Gene Expression Gene Expression Molecular Molecular GeneticsGenetics ProkaryoteProkaryote

Gene Expression Gene Expression Molecular Molecular GeneticsGenetics ProkaryoteProkaryote

Lac OperonLac OperonLac OperonLac Operon


5

DNADNA

|- - - - - - -|- - - - - - -promoterpromoter - - - - - - - - - - | - - - - - - - - - - | |------coding-- … |------coding-- … 5’ TC 5’ TC AAATTGTGAGCGGA TAACAATTTAAATTGTGAGCGGA TAACAATTT GA CACAGG AAACAGCT GA CACAGG AAACAGCTATG ACCATGATTATG ACCATGATT----- …----- …

5’ AG5’ AGTTTTAACATTAACACTC GCCT ATCTC GCCT ATTGT TAATGT TAAAA CTGTGT CC TTTG TCGATAC TGGTACTAA CTGTGT CC TTTG TCGATAC TGGTACTAA----- … ----- …

mRNA mRNA purine-rich purine-rich pppAAUUGUGAGCGGAUAACAAUUUGACpppAAUUGUGAGCGGAUAACAAUUUGACACAGGAAACAGACAGGAAACAGCUCUAUGAUGACCACCAUGAUGAUUAUU

- - - - - - - - - - - - -non translated leader - - - - - - - - - ->|- - - - - - - - - - - - -non translated leader - - - - - - - - - ->|fMet Thr Met Ile ooo ooofMet Thr Met Ile ooo ooo NH NH 2 ---gene z protein-2 ---gene z protein-

-----------------------//------UAA UAG UGA------------------AUG-----(y gene) -//-----UAA------------------------//------UAA UAG UGA------------------AUG-----(y gene) -//-----UAA-

--- ... ----- ... --Aaa Aaa Aaa Aaa Aaa Aaa // // AaaAaa fMet ----------------------COOHfMet ----------------------COOH

----------------------------COOH----------------------------COOH

DNADNA

|- - - - - - -|- - - - - - -promoterpromoter - - - - - - - - - - | - - - - - - - - - - | |------coding-- … |------coding-- … 5’ TC 5’ TC AAATTGTGAGCGGA TAACAATTTAAATTGTGAGCGGA TAACAATTT GA CACAGG AAACAGCT GA CACAGG AAACAGCTATG ACCATGATTATG ACCATGATT----- …----- …

5’ AG5’ AGTTTTAACATTAACACTC GCCT ATCTC GCCT ATTGT TAATGT TAAAA CTGTGT CC TTTG TCGATAC TGGTACTAA CTGTGT CC TTTG TCGATAC TGGTACTAA----- … ----- …

mRNA mRNA purine-rich purine-rich pppAAUUGUGAGCGGAUAACAAUUUGACpppAAUUGUGAGCGGAUAACAAUUUGACACAGGAAACAGACAGGAAACAGCUCUAUGAUGACCACCAUGAUGAUUAUU

- - - - - - - - - - - - -non translated leader - - - - - - - - - ->|- - - - - - - - - - - - -non translated leader - - - - - - - - - ->|fMet Thr Met Ile ooo ooofMet Thr Met Ile ooo ooo NH NH 2 ---gene z protein-2 ---gene z protein-

-----------------------//------UAA UAG UGA------------------AUG-----(y gene) -//-----UAA------------------------//------UAA UAG UGA------------------AUG-----(y gene) -//-----UAA-

--- ... ----- ... --Aaa Aaa Aaa Aaa Aaa Aaa // // AaaAaa fMet ----------------------COOHfMet ----------------------COOH

----------------------------COOH----------------------------COOH

Gene Expression Gene Expression Molecular Molecular BiologyBiology Prokaryotic Prokaryotic operonoperon

Gene Expression Gene Expression Molecular Molecular BiologyBiology Prokaryotic Prokaryotic operonoperonLac operon: promoterLac operon: promoterLac operon: promoterLac operon: promoter


6

Gene Expression Gene Expression RegulationRegulation laclac Operon (lactose = glucose + galactose) Operon (lactose = glucose + galactose)

Gene Expression Gene Expression RegulationRegulation laclac Operon (lactose = glucose + galactose) Operon (lactose = glucose + galactose)

[CAP-cAMP] complex = [CAP-cAMP] complex = f f (([cAMP] , when [glucose] is high, [cAMP] is low [cAMP] , when [glucose] is high, [cAMP] is low because glucose is preferred substrate for energy in cell.because glucose is preferred substrate for energy in cell.

High [cAMP] and high [CAP-cAMP] not sufficient to turn gene ON because High [cAMP] and high [CAP-cAMP] not sufficient to turn gene ON because repressor is still bound to o/prepressor is still bound to o/p

If [Lactose] increases, then repressor released from o/p when lactose If [Lactose] increases, then repressor released from o/p when lactose binds repressor, but gene not induced unless [cAMP] is high too.binds repressor, but gene not induced unless [cAMP] is high too.

CAP-cAMP complex binds to CAP site in promoter forming an open CAP-cAMP complex binds to CAP site in promoter forming an open complex increasing access of RNA polymerasecomplex increasing access of RNA polymerase

Transcription of gene yields new mRNA every 2.5 secondsTranscription of gene yields new mRNA every 2.5 seconds About 90 copies of mRNA synthesized per cellAbout 90 copies of mRNA synthesized per cell Ribosomes initiate protein synthesis every 5 seconds on each mRNARibosomes initiate protein synthesis every 5 seconds on each mRNA

about 20 about 20 -galactose chains synthesized/sec = 5 tetrameric molecules-galactose chains synthesized/sec = 5 tetrameric molecules mRNA has half-life of 90 secondsmRNA has half-life of 90 seconds As [lactose] falls in cell, it dissociates from tetrameric repressorAs [lactose] falls in cell, it dissociates from tetrameric repressor Repressor binds to o/p, gene is turned OFFRepressor binds to o/p, gene is turned OFF laclac operon is an repressed gene (OFF) that lactose induces to be ON operon is an repressed gene (OFF) that lactose induces to be ON

[CAP-cAMP] complex = [CAP-cAMP] complex = f f (([cAMP] , when [glucose] is high, [cAMP] is low [cAMP] , when [glucose] is high, [cAMP] is low because glucose is preferred substrate for energy in cell.because glucose is preferred substrate for energy in cell.

High [cAMP] and high [CAP-cAMP] not sufficient to turn gene ON because High [cAMP] and high [CAP-cAMP] not sufficient to turn gene ON because repressor is still bound to o/prepressor is still bound to o/p

If [Lactose] increases, then repressor released from o/p when lactose If [Lactose] increases, then repressor released from o/p when lactose binds repressor, but gene not induced unless [cAMP] is high too.binds repressor, but gene not induced unless [cAMP] is high too.

CAP-cAMP complex binds to CAP site in promoter forming an open CAP-cAMP complex binds to CAP site in promoter forming an open complex increasing access of RNA polymerasecomplex increasing access of RNA polymerase

Transcription of gene yields new mRNA every 2.5 secondsTranscription of gene yields new mRNA every 2.5 seconds About 90 copies of mRNA synthesized per cellAbout 90 copies of mRNA synthesized per cell Ribosomes initiate protein synthesis every 5 seconds on each mRNARibosomes initiate protein synthesis every 5 seconds on each mRNA

about 20 about 20 -galactose chains synthesized/sec = 5 tetrameric molecules-galactose chains synthesized/sec = 5 tetrameric molecules mRNA has half-life of 90 secondsmRNA has half-life of 90 seconds As [lactose] falls in cell, it dissociates from tetrameric repressorAs [lactose] falls in cell, it dissociates from tetrameric repressor Repressor binds to o/p, gene is turned OFFRepressor binds to o/p, gene is turned OFF laclac operon is an repressed gene (OFF) that lactose induces to be ON operon is an repressed gene (OFF) that lactose induces to be ON

Repressed operon = off, must be induced “on”Repressed operon = off, must be induced “on”Repressed operon = off, must be induced “on”Repressed operon = off, must be induced “on”


7

Regulation of Gene ExpressionRegulation of Gene Expression Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionTranscription – Posttransciptional Levels Transcription – Posttransciptional Levels

Regulation of Gene ExpressionRegulation of Gene Expression Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionTranscription – Posttransciptional Levels Transcription – Posttransciptional Levels

CarCar CarCar

Diet ODiet O2 2 Diet ODiet O2 2

Fig. 32.1 MechanismsFig. 32.1 Mechanisms


8

Gene Promoter ElementsGene Promoter Elements Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionUpstream TAF binding sequences (boxes)Upstream TAF binding sequences (boxes)

Gene Promoter ElementsGene Promoter Elements Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionUpstream TAF binding sequences (boxes)Upstream TAF binding sequences (boxes)

CarCar CarCar


Fig. 32.2 MechanismsFig. 32.2 MechanismsFig. 32.2 MechanismsFig. 32.2 Mechanisms


9

Response ElementsResponse Elements Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionModulating gene expression Modulating gene expression

Response ElementsResponse Elements Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionModulating gene expression Modulating gene expression

CarCar CarCar


Fig. 32.3 Specific TF bind to DNA response element Fig. 32.3 Specific TF bind to DNA response element sequences sequences have varying effects on the level of have varying effects on the level of transcription.transcription.

Fig. 32.3 Specific TF bind to DNA response element Fig. 32.3 Specific TF bind to DNA response element sequences sequences have varying effects on the level of have varying effects on the level of transcription.transcription.


10

Classes of Domains in TAF Classes of Domains in TAF Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionHTH, HLH, Zn finger, Leucine zipper HTH, HLH, Zn finger, Leucine zipper

Classes of Domains in TAF Classes of Domains in TAF Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionHTH, HLH, Zn finger, Leucine zipper HTH, HLH, Zn finger, Leucine zipper

CarCar CarCar


Fig. 32.4 For main classes of protein structures Fig. 32.4 For main classes of protein structures that bind that bind to DNA regulation sequences.to DNA regulation sequences.

Fig. 32.4 For main classes of protein structures Fig. 32.4 For main classes of protein structures that bind that bind to DNA regulation sequences.to DNA regulation sequences.


11

| . | . || . . || . . || ||

EYRVEYRVRRRRERERNNNINIAAVRVRKKSSRRDDKKAKQRNVEAKQRNVETTQQKQQKVVLELELLTSDNDRTSDNDRLLRKRRKRVVEQEQLLSRELDTSRELDTLL C/EBP C/EBP

EYRQEYRQRRRRERERNNNMNMAAVKVKKKSSRRLLKKSKQKAQDSKQKAQDTTLQRLQRVVNQNQLLKEEKEENNERERLLEAKEAKIIKLKLLLTKELSVTKELSVLL lg/EBP lg/EBP--11 KREVKREVRRLMKLMKNNREREAAARAREECCRRRRKKKKEYVKCKKEYVKCLLENRENRVVAVAVLLENQNKTENQNKTLLIEEIEELLKAKALLKDLYCHKKDLYCHK CREBCREB KRRIKRRIRRRRERERNNKMKMAAAAAAKKCCRRNNRRRRELTDTRRELTDTLLQAEQAETTDQDQLLEDKKSAEDKKSALLQTEQTEIIANANLLLKEKEKLKEKEKLL c-Fos c-Fos KAERKAERKRKRMRMRNNRIRIAAASASKKCCRRKKRRKLERIARKLERIARLLEEKEEKVVKTKTLLKAQNSEKAQNSELLASTASTAANMNMLLREQVAQREQVAQLL c-Jun c-Jun PAALPAALKRKRARARNNTETEAAARARRRSSRRAARRKLQRMKQKLQRMKQLLEDKEDKVVEEEELLLSKNYHLSKNYHLLENEENEVVARARLLKKLVGERKKLVGER GCN4 GCN4

SCRKSSCRKSRRYNYNNNKIKKAKIKKAKKLLRRFFRRHKFVSGQHKFVSGQLLKKSAVMKKSAVMLLDTMRDVDTMRDVIIAQAERQAQAERQLLLERGYPLERGYPAA sis-Asis-A

LMLMRRAIAIRRVFEFVFEFGGGPEVLGPEVLKKLQSDVAVPILQSDVAVPIPPKDHQVLKDHQVLIIKVQAHGKVQAHGVVNPYDTYNPYDTYIIRSGTHNRSGTHNII -cry-cry + + + + + + + + + +

TAFs TAFs + + + + + +

-cry-cry

Basic region

Gene Expression Gene Expression Gene Gene RegulationRegulationTAF domainsTAF domains

Gene Expression Gene Expression Gene Gene RegulationRegulationTAF domainsTAF domains

leucine zipper helix

N C

Leucine ZipperLeucine ZipperLeucine ZipperLeucine Zipper

GeneGene


12

Gene Expression 1 Gene Expression 1 OverviewOverviewGenomic InformationGenomic Information

Gene Expression 1 Gene Expression 1 OverviewOverviewGenomic InformationGenomic Information

Hox genes, homeobox, and body patterningHox genes, homeobox, and body patterningHox genes, homeobox, and body patterningHox genes, homeobox, and body patterning

hox genes in mammals, amphibians, insects, worms, yeast … hox genes in mammals, amphibians, insects, worms, yeast … homeo box = 180 bp recurring sequence motif (yellow)homeo box = 180 bp recurring sequence motif (yellow) homeodomain - 60-residue polypeptidehomeodomain - 60-residue polypeptide hox genes arranged in clusters along DNAhox genes arranged in clusters along DNA linear hox genes and clusters correspond to head to foot axislinear hox genes and clusters correspond to head to foot axis hox genes provide patterning of 3D-bodyhox genes provide patterning of 3D-body Expressed HOX PROTEINS trigger body development programsExpressed HOX PROTEINS trigger body development programs Expression gradients sustain growth of organs and limbsExpression gradients sustain growth of organs and limbs HOX proteins are Transcriptional Activator Factors (TAFs)HOX proteins are Transcriptional Activator Factors (TAFs)

5’5’ 3’3’5’5’ 3’3’


13

SKRGRTAYTRPQLVELEKEFHFNRYLMRPRRVEMANLLCLTERQIKIWFQNRRM KY KKDNmousemouse

Gene Expression 1 Gene Expression 1 Molecular Molecular GeneticsGeneticsEukaryotic Regulatory GenesEukaryotic Regulatory Genes

Gene Expression 1 Gene Expression 1 Molecular Molecular GeneticsGeneticsEukaryotic Regulatory GenesEukaryotic Regulatory Genes

5’5’

5’5’

RKRKRRGRQTYTRYQTLELEKEFHFNRYLTRRRR I E I AHVLCLTERQIKIWFQNRRM KWKKENGRQTYTRYQTLELEKEFHFNRYLTRRRR I E I AHVLCLTERQIKIWFQNRRM KWKKENfrogfrog

KPKPYYRGHRFTKENVR ILESWFAKNPYLDTKGLENLMKNTSLSR I QIKIWFQNRRR K EK T I TRGHRFTKENVR ILESWFAKNPYLDTKGLENLMKNTSLSR I QIKIWFQNRRR K EK T I Tyeastyeast

-Helix-Helix -Helix-Helix

fruit flyfruit fly RKRKRRGRQTYTRYQTLELEKEFHFNRYLTRRRR I E I AHALCLTERQIKIWFQNRRM KWKKENGRQTYTRYQTLELEKEFHFNRYLTRRRR I E I AHALCLTERQIKIWFQNRRM KWKKEN

Hox genes, homeobox, and homeodomainHox genes, homeobox, and homeodomainHox genes, homeobox, and homeodomainHox genes, homeobox, and homeodomain

|- - - - - - - - - -|- - - - - - - - - - H o m e o d o m a i n H o m e o d o m a i n - - - - - - - - -|- - - - - - - - -|

-Helix-Helix


14

GlucocorticoidsGlucocorticoids Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionSteroid Response Element (SREs) Steroid Response Element (SREs)

GlucocorticoidsGlucocorticoids Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionSteroid Response Element (SREs) Steroid Response Element (SREs)

CarCar CarCar


Fig. 32.5 Steroid-receptor-enhancer Fig. 32.5 Steroid-receptor-enhancer Fig. 32.5 Steroid-receptor-enhancer Fig. 32.5 Steroid-receptor-enhancer


15

Zinc Finger DomainsZinc Finger Domains Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionRecognizing the SRE Recognizing the SRE

Zinc Finger DomainsZinc Finger Domains Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionRecognizing the SRE Recognizing the SRE

CarCar CarCar


Fig. 32.5 Zn fingers allow protein binding to dsDNA. Fig. 32.5 Zn fingers allow protein binding to dsDNA. Fig. 32.5 Zn fingers allow protein binding to dsDNA. Fig. 32.5 Zn fingers allow protein binding to dsDNA.


16

Protein Homology Protein Homology Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionPalindromes Palindromes

Protein Homology Protein Homology Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionPalindromes Palindromes

CarCar CarCar


A man a plan a canal panamaA man a plan a canal panamaTCCAGT nnn ACTGGA

Fig. 32.7 DNA-binding domains share a high degree of homology. Fig. 32.7 DNA-binding domains share a high degree of homology. Fig. 32.7 DNA-binding domains share a high degree of homology. Fig. 32.7 DNA-binding domains share a high degree of homology.


17

RNA EditingRNA Editing Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpression

RNA EditingRNA Editing Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpression

CarCar CarCar


Fig. 32.8 RNA editing yields tissue-specific mRNA from Fig. 32.8 RNA editing yields tissue-specific mRNA from same gene. same gene. Fig. 32.8 RNA editing yields tissue-specific mRNA from Fig. 32.8 RNA editing yields tissue-specific mRNA from same gene. same gene.


18

Iron Response ElementIron Response Element Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpressionIron Response ElementIron Response Element Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpression

CarCar CarCar


Fig. 32.9 IRE-BP, iron response element binding Fig. 32.9 IRE-BP, iron response element binding protein. protein. Fig. 32.9 IRE-BP, iron response element binding Fig. 32.9 IRE-BP, iron response element binding protein. protein.


19

Control of Gene ExpressionControl of Gene ExpressionControl of Gene ExpressionControl of Gene Expression

ENDENDENDEND


20

Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpression

Control of Gene Control of Gene ExpressionExpression

Not coveredNot covered Not coveredNot covered

Fig. 32.10Fig. 32.10Fig. 32.10Fig. 32.10Fig. 32.11Fig. 32.11Fig. 32.11Fig. 32.11

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Control of Gene Expression ©Copyright 1999-2004 by Gene C. Lavers No part of this presentation may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic