34
COSTIlIIiUTIONS TO TI1 E IIISKI’ETOLOUY OF 1’Ol~‘t’O ItICO As a pnrt of the Scientific Survey of Porto I1ic.o iiiiiiiyrntctl by the New York Acatlenig of Scicnccs nnd carricil on with tlic rniipnation of Tlic American dfuscuni of Natural 1Iistory ant1 otlicr iiistitiitions, it \viirl niy good fortune to conduct the first Iicrpctdogical field-work in the summer of 1919. For this purpose Nrs. Schmidt and I spent tlic pcriod from August 3 to October 8 on I’orto Rico nntl tlie atljncent islands, which are under the same politicnl jurisdiction. For cordial assistmce in fnrtlicrin~ our work, I nni especially grateful to Mr. and Mrs. B. A. Kall, of Snn Juan; Mr. E. 31. Bruner, Forester of Porto Rico; Nr. Marc Lcjcune, of Mnynpcz, who ninde possihlc tlic trip to Mona Island, and to Colonel Gcorge A. Slimton, Chicf of the Insulnr Police. The exceptionally tliorough and cshnnstivc “Herpetology of Porto Rico” by Dr. kontiartl Stcjncgcr is availnhle as a handbook of tlie rep- tiles and amphibians, ninking it possible to identify the species in tlie field and thus facilitating the study of habits nnd hahitat associations. Dr. Stejneger has giwn nn cxccllcnt rQnni6 of licrpctologicnl work on Porto Rico prcvious to tiis own. . Tlic hcrpctologicnl ,pnpers which linve appeared since 1902 relating to the fauna under coiisitlcration nre given in the bibliography at the closc of this paper. Collections were made on the ishnds of Porto Rico, hlonn, Viequcs and Culcbra. Notes on the relation between the tlistrihution of the species tirid the types of habitat will k found Iiclow uiitler tlic discussion of individual species. Tlic ntldition of six spccics of BZciilhe~oda~f?~hu to the Porto Ricnri fauna, five of wlijrli arc Iicrc tlcscrihctl HS ncw, is nn uncxpccted resiilt of the cxpetliticin. :\I1 Init niic of these ivcre captiirrd with the aid of aii clcctric Iiniid-latii1) wliilc tlic! \wrc siiiging at night. This niethotl of stalking is well kiiou.ii to tliow wlio IINW stutlicd tlic notes of ampliibians. , Tlic \vices of Elcirllrc.l.otlacl!/lica, as of otlirr frogs nntl toads, are useful rlinrnctcrs for tlisting:nialiit,ig the specics. T h e expedition secured o w tvelvc Iiundrcil spcrimcw, conilwising thirty-onc qecics. To this collcctioii arc ntltlcd niow than n Iiuntlrctl spccimcns obtninccl by prcvioufi csprilitions of tlic wrvcy (11. 15. :\titliony, 1‘. H. Jones, F. E. Lutz, 11. \l‘. lliiicr, J. T. Sicliolu), niiikiiig tlic t o t d ( 167)

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO

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Page 1: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO

C O S T I l I I i U T I O N S T O TI1 E IIISKI’ETOLOUY OF 1’Ol~‘t’O ItICO

As a pnrt of the Scientific Survey of Porto I1ic.o iiiiiiiyrntctl by the New York Acatlenig of Scicnccs n n d carricil on with tlic rniipnation of Tlic American dfuscuni of Natural 1Iistory ant1 otlicr iiistitiitions, i t \viirl

niy good fortune to conduct the first Iicrpctdogical field-work in the summer of 1919. For this purpose Nrs. Schmidt and I spent tlic pcriod from August 3 to October 8 on I’orto Rico nntl tlie atljncent islands, which are under the same politicnl jurisdiction.

For cordial assistmce in fn r t l i c r in~ our work, I nni especially grateful to Mr. and Mrs. B. A. Kall, of Snn J u a n ; Mr. E. 31. Bruner, Forester of Por to Rico; N r . Marc Lcjcune, of Mnynpcz, who ninde possihlc tlic tr ip to Mona Island, and to Colonel Gcorge A. Slimton, Chicf of the Insulnr Police.

The exceptionally tliorough and cshnnstivc “Herpetology of Porto Rico” by Dr. kont ia r t l Stcjncgcr is availnhle as a handbook of tlie rep- tiles and amphibians, ninking i t possible to identify the species in tlie field and thus facilitating the study of habits nnd hahitat associations. Dr. Stejneger has g iwn nn cxccllcnt rQnni6 of licrpctologicnl work on Por to Rico prcvious to tiis own. . Tlic hcrpctologicnl ,pnpers which linve appeared since 1902 relating to the fauna under coiisitlcration nre given in the bibliography at the closc of this paper.

Collections were made on the i shnds of Porto Rico, hlonn, Viequcs and Culcbra. Notes on the relation between the tlistrihution of the species tirid the types of habitat will k found Iiclow uiitler tlic discussion of individual species. Tlic ntldition of six spccics of B Z c i i l h e ~ o d a ~ f ? ~ h u to the Por to Ricnri fauna, five of wlijrli arc Iicrc tlcscrihctl HS ncw, is n n uncxpccted resiilt of the cxpetliticin. :\I1 Init niic of these ivcre captiirrd with the aid of aii clcctric Iiniid-latii1) wliilc tlic! \wrc siiiging a t night. This niethotl of stalking is well kiiou.ii to tliow wlio I I N W stutlicd tlic

notes of ampliibians. , Tlic \vices of Elcirllrc.l.otlacl!/lica, as of otlirr frogs nntl toads, are useful rlinrnctcrs for tlisting:nialiit,ig the specics.

T h e expedition secured o w tvelvc Iiundrcil spcrimcw, conilwising thirty-onc qecics. To this collcctioii arc ntltlcd niow than n Iiuntlrctl spccimcns obtninccl by prcvioufi csprilitions of tlic wrvcy (11. 15. :\titliony, 1‘. H. Jones, F. E. Lutz, 11. \l‘. lliiicr, J. T. Sicliolu), niiikiiig tlic t o t d

( 167)

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168 rih"V.ILS ,VEI\' Y O R K AC.4IIEdlY O F SGlRh'CES

uumbcr of gpeciniciis, 011 which this report is based, much larger than any previously made i i i Porto Rico and equaling in completcncss that of the National Museum.

The present paper is prclimiiiary to the geiicral account,of the Iicrpe- tology of Porto Rico tu be puhlisllcd by the New York Academy of Sciences in the. volumes ernhotljing the rcsu1t.q of the Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

b XPH IU I A

Bufo Laurenti

Bufo lemur (Cope)

This species, five spcrimcns of which were collected a t Coamo Springs, has previously been known from the north side of Porto Rico; the only exact locality being given 8s Areciho by Stcjneger. Its occurrcncc a t Coamo SpringR, nearly at the opposite side of the island, proves that it is widely. distributed.

The five half-grown specimens are so nearly uniform and were found in so circumscribed an area that they probably arc members of a single brood. They agree in coloration with tlic juvenile specimen described by Stejneger (1904, p. 572) and all show the hour-glass shaped dark mark on the shoulders. The dimensions of one of these specimcns map 1)c compared with those of an adult recorded by Stejneger:

A . M . N . A . U .S .N .M. So. 10161 No. 27149

I2 .. Tip of snout to vent.. .............................. 37 mm. X7 mm. 2)) $4 Tip of snout to posterior edge ol tympanum.. .......

Greatest wldth of heed.. ........................... 13 .. 3,. ' I

Foreleg from asiiln ................................ 21 .. 51 "

Hind leg from vent. ............................... 37 .. 99 "

winy, an insect larva, <and segments of a small millipede. The stomach contents of these specirncns included ant remains, ccetlc

Leptodactylus Fitzinger

Leptodactylue albilabris (Qiinthcr)

The following localities arc represented by sixty-three specimens i i i

the collections : Adjuntas, Aibonito, Bayamon, Caguas, Coamo Spring<, hlaricao, San Turce, Utuado, El Yunque, and Culebra Island.

This species exhibits a great variability in coloration, with a relativc uniformity in structural characters. Fowler (1918, p. 3, Fig. 1) has

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169 B C H J I I D T , THE B E R P E T O L O Q Y OF P O R T 0 R l C O

figured the extremes of color pattern in Porto Rican specimens. Of fifty specimens in the present series, seven have the broad median stripe on the back, the others varying chiefly in the distinctness of the doreal V- shaped markinge. The measurements of the largest specimen and of one apparently recently transformed are as follows :

A. M. N, e. No. 10182 ho. 10036

Tip of snout to vent.. .............................. 49mm.' 16 mm. Tip of wout to pstertor edge of tympaniim.. ........ 18 .. 7.5 'a

Greatest width of head ............................. 17 .. 7 "

Foreleg from axilla 29 10 'I

Hind leg from vent to tip of longest toe. . ............ 78 .. 24 "

................................ ..

Eight of twenty-five stomachs examined were empty. Four contained land snails; two contained spiders (one a large lycosid spider and egg sack); two contained ants; two contained beetles; two contained bugs; two contained flies (Muaida) ; one a small moth; one a large caterpillar; one a medium-sized cockroach; and seven the remains of an unidenti- fiable insect.

The nest of this species mas observed by Stejneger (1904, p. 579) under a flat stone in a stream. Peters (1877, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876, p. 709) records one observed by Qundlach in a ((wet bur- row." At Coamo Springs, on the terrace behind the bath-houses of the hotel, the water of some of the springs forms a permanent rivulet a t the base of the cliff. Leptodactylw a1bilabri.s was abundant on the terrace, beneath loose stones. Under a large stone a t the edge of the creek, on August 27, 1919, I found a shallow, rounded excavation, 6 or 7 cm. in diameter and about 3 cm. deep, filled with a mass of white foam, in which were the small tadpoles of this species (12 mm. in length, body 3-4 mm.). There were between seventy-five and one hundred tadpoles in the foam-mass, and not confined to the central hollow, as described by Stejneger. The bottom of the excavation was about 3 cm. above the water level. TWO similar excavations, though empty, were discovered in the immediate vicinity, in the same relative position with reference to the water. On i\ugust 29, near Bagamon, a small mass of foam, between 3 and 4 em. in diamcter, containing similar tadpoles, was found under a stone on a hilltop, with no water whatever in the neighborhood. On October 1, near the Forester's cahin, on El Yunque, a t about 1200 feet. a nest ,of this species vas observed under a rotten log, h i d e a pool of standing water (also at a slightly higher level than that of the water). This nest contained between 150 and 200 eggs uniformly distributed

1144 rnm.:glvcn by Stejarger (1004, pp. C70, 575). Is obvlorlsly n mlnprlnt.

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'pip of 'siioiit to w i i t . ............................... A. 11. s. I I .

so. 10241 . l < l l l l l S ~ l l l r~bll 44 111111. .5" 111111.

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I ;2 z1SS . I I iS S X I V I’Ollh’ SIC IJ)E.lIl’ OF SCIII’SCBS

I’ersistent search about tlie ~Jallali~l plants, uiider die leaves of wliic:Ii

adults hide during tlic day, failed to discover tllc eggs of this species, aiid i t was not until the witm visitcd the 1,uquillo Forcst that a siiiglc egg-mass was discovered in a bnsal lcaf of an air plant, just a t tlie sur- face of tlic water in the lower par t of tlic leaf. .A large E. auriccdalus i i i

the sanic plaiit, IJiit iiot on tlic sdmc lcaf as thc eggs, escaped. Thew are thirty-six eggs, with \vcll-advancctl cnil)ryos, atllieriiig in an oval niash. froni which iiitlivitlual cggs are easily dctaclicd. Tlic eggs nicasure G-8 iiini. in greatest dirimettr, being somewhat elongated i n tlic axis of tlic embryo.

Tlic young of this spccics are extmordiiiarily abnntlant, arid it is tlifi- cult to undcrstantl ivliy the eggs arc so infreqiiciitly ol)sc!rvc(!. It is possible that a t the tinic of my visit (August to Oetohcr) thc height of

thc breeiling season had l~assetl. The only previously recordcd date of brccding is that olwrvetl by Giintlli~cli, May 24 (Peters, 1877, JIoiiatslwr. Akad. Wise. Berlin, 1876, p. 709) . Prolessor Johnsol1 found a niass ol: rggs 011 July 8, with cnil)ryos a t about tlic Siiliic s h g ~ as tlic writer’s, in the saiiie bunc!i of nioss in which the giant female specimcti,

A. 11, s. 11. So. io:io?. i:our niciitioiictl al~ovc, wns collcctcd. Cundlacli (loc. cit.) illso ohscrvcd a female sitting on

the eggmass rcceivell by liini, while Bello y Espiiiosa (Mlartens, 1SS 1, %061. Garten, XII, p. 351) rccords that i n tlic case observctl by liini the piircllt frog reniainetl in tlic neighborliood of tlie eggs “as if to gu;ird tJip111.” Yroin these several olwrvntions it appears iiot unlikely tliiit t l io

fcinale i1Uc.j rtwiiii i n tlic ncig1il)urliood of the eggs uiitil the! :w Ilatchcd, but I’iirtlier ol)swv:itioiis 011 this point are dcsiriildc. Ilutliveii ( (‘315, Occns. l’apcrs, Nu.:. %oiL UiiLv.. klicliigan, No. I I ) , obwviiig thc breeding Iiiil)ib ()f E. crccc~tiliu ( l’ctcrs) in CoIoniIki, foiuiil 110 c\ i- dCllC!C of such a h1)it .

b*ii;. :.--I:mIwgo of E / c t i l l r e i f ~ . ,lnct/ili,a niiviviilotrs

tlinvs niiturnl slzi*.

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.If o f l , Y l l r ~ ~ l l l ~ ~ l l / 4

'rip of sllout t(l V l ' l l f . . ........................................... 11; 111111. r . I i p of siirii it to l i t r 4 d o i ~ I i ~ ! r t l ~ ~ I I ~ t y ~ i i l ~ i i ~ ~ i i ~ i i . . . ................. .-I.: I '

( ; r w k a t ilrelltitil I~WI. ....................................... I; .. I.'clrt.lPg fl'0lll :lxlll:l*. .......................................... I1 .. IIiiitl ltbg froiii w i t . . ........................................... 24 .. l i l i l i i ........................................................... S.: .. ,.

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1 x; :1SS.IL,S S l ~ I ~ l-onh- . . l P . l l ~ l ~ l f Y O F sc'I1~:scRs

wrb; inner and oiitcr nictnt;irsnl tul)cwlvs prcsent; no titrsal fold ; first toe as long as the second ; vonicrinc tcctli in two linear oblique putchcs, converging posteriorly, wcll scpuiitcd on tlic incdian linc, bdiind nntl witliiii tlic choaiim by ahout tlic cliaiiictcr of the choana; tmguc Inrgc, slightly iiickcd Iieliiiid ; skin riigosc aI)ovc, wit11 roiiiulccl trtbcidcs; a wcll- liinrked niitl-tluiwl ridge froin sllout to vcnt; cydid htroiigly rugose ; yeliter sniootli (luintly rugose u~itlcr thc lens) ; thighs sliglitly rugosc ; ninIc with :I large subgular vocd sac.

Dorsuni gray, niottlcd with grnyisli I J ~ O \ V I I ; ii \wIl-dcfined ii i terohitd &lrk band; sides of cantlius with a dnrk niiirk, iiitcrruptcd by the cyc, cstcnding occr thc ty~np~i~iuni , Icgs not barred, with dusky ninrkiugs; venter uiiiforni, light.

Jlcu8loorlc?lls

l i p of stlout to vc-llt ............................................ -39 llllll.

i'ip of snout to posterior border of.tytiil)niium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 "

Grcntest breadth of heid. . .....................................

,.

.. G.5 Foreleg from fixilla.. .................................... 1Iind leg froul vent. ............................................ 2J I'

libi:\ ........................................................... !) " , 1

This specics \vns discovered by nccidcnt, singing on a l e d sonic thrcc feet froni the ground. Its notc is the niost distinctive of any obscrvcd in Porto liico, beginning with a shrill continuous notc iilmost a t the limit of audibility, wliicli is lollowcd by a succcssion of clicks. So closely docs this note reseinble a faiiiiliar typc of notc produced hy long-horned gmss- hoppers tlint the writcr ncglecfctl to search lor tlic iiutlior (I€ tlie soiind, nnd watched the prtisciit slwcinicn wycnt tlic soiig s t w d tinics l d c i r c hriiig convinced t l~ii t it rcnlly pro~ccdcd froni nil B l e ~ t l l ~ e ~ o ~ Z a c l ~ l ~ ~ s .

It is c~losclv rclithd to 1. air.i.ctilu.tzt.~, from a.IiicIi it is wcII tlistiii- giiislied by its m a l l sizc :iii[l ~nioot l i vc1itc.r. Evcii niore chscIy relatcil tu thc still smaller iic\v spccivs, If. !/iylli i.s, i t is still rc;itlily distiiigiiislioil Iiy its sniootll w t c r niid inoi'c ~.iigose tlorwni. i i ~ \vcIl ;I:: Iiy its sorig.

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Uesciiptioti of Type

Habitus stout, conipnct; siiout short, obtuse, canthus rostr;ilis roiuided; nostril one-tliirtl tlic distancc from t ip of snout to eyc; liccl rcacliiiig tlic anterior bordcr of tlic orbit; licels nieet but (lo not ovcrlap when tlic legs

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l / i ~ t r ~ ~ r i l ~ c ~ l , l c ~ l l I . Y

1!1 111111. ,. 1 IIi of snout to w i l t . . ................. Till of snout to postwiw I I I I ~ I I N 111 t p i 1 (ireritest brc*utltli of I ~ r i i i l . . ..................................... i "

....

Fordcg froin ; ix I l I~ . ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 "

Hilid leg froill w i t . , ................ . , . 2!) ('

xotrs OIL P(lIYl~!/~tl~S

. . . . . . . . . . . ... !I ..

Tlic tiyo pnrntylw nrc siiiiilnr i i i rwr! w q w t to tlic tyr, with tlic siiiglc cswptioii tliiit O I I C 01' tliciii is sliglitlg iiiore n io t th l ait l i light niit l Iius tlic I h d lcgs iiitlirtiiictlg lmrrcd.

1 l ie thrcc sinall trcc I'rogs t1cxcriI)ctl iil)ow \YCI'C t:tkcn uiitlcr iiioss iii

tlic crcviccs of tlic rocks oii tlic pcnk of El Yunquc. Tlic spccics is ;I \wll- difTcrciitintc!tl o w , c:liurcictcrizcd 115' tlic . . stoutness or its Iinihs, tlw 01)- tiiwiicss of tlic siioiit. iiiiil t l i c cstrciiic rngoxity of tlic t l o w i n .

r ?

. .

Eleutherodactylus antillensis (Itt:i11hiirtlt t i i i t l IJuetktw)

Tlic follo\riiig lornlitics :ire, rcprcscntctl by tliirty spccimciis in tlic collcctioii : i i i lmi i i to , hymioi ! , Niiriciio, San Turcc, and (:iilcl)ri\ Islnntl. This slwcies has prcviuusly I)ccii kiiowii only froiii St. Tlioinns ( t g c

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Kairyc

coffcc belt and thc moist forests aliorc it. Known from Jlaricao and El I 'unque, it is probably confined to the

T?l pe A. M. N. €1. No. 10:11S, 8 , El Yunque, tiear tlic Forestcfir's cabiii

(about 1300 fcct), Sc~ptenibcr 30, 19 79, I<nrl P. Sdilniclt.

Descriplioti of Type IIabitus slender, head narrowcr than the body, legs rathcr short, snout

sharp, pointcd; nostril two-fifths the distance from the cnd of tlic snout to the orbit; canthus rostralis sharp; iiitcrorhitd spack broader than thc

Fic. ' I . - ~ l e s t h c r o d a c l ~ 1 r c s brfttoni, new spcles

A. 11. K. €1. So. 10318. type. Twlce noturnl slze.

eyelid; heel rcacliing tlic anterior liordcr of tlic orbit; hecls nieeting but not ovcrlapping when thc legs arc at riglit angles to tlie body; top of siiont flat, as i s thc anterior half of t h e back behind the eycs, tlic side of tlict hod! bcing rcrticril anteriorly; vomcrinc tccth in two smnll rouritlctl ptclios, bchiiitl niitl within tlic choann: ; tympanum indistinct, separatctl from the cye by lws tlinn its diamctcr ; tlorsuni smooth, renter coarscly granulate; digital disks small, as long as wide; a well-defined tarsal fold; a well-dcveloped suhgular vocal sac. Dorsum light grayish brown, renter lighter. Two black spots betwecn t h e eyes, one on the middle of tlic bnck, aiid thrcct posteriorly on tlic hack, above tlic groin; legs with a single faint darltcr har on thc rcnlilr; concealed surfaces of the femur not reticulated ; II black suhcantlial strcdi, .continued l)rlow tlic dorso- lateral angle bcliind the eye.

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IS1 S C I I I1 I I I Y , 7'11 I: I! !,:I{ !'!.:,ro 1,ftf; \ ' / I / , * 1'11 /{yo 111 ( # f )

.llca.Yff rclllf7i I s .................................. I(; m r i i . 'rip of s m t to w t .

Tip of snoiit to Iioztrrior IIINIIPL. of ~~III~:IIIIIIII, . . . . . . . . . . . Grentefit 1ire:idth of I i o i i l . . ...... G " Forclcg from nsill:~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !) '* Hlntl Ic:: from w r i t . . .......... 23 .. Tlhln.. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 "

iYo1r.v 011 I'nt*cil!ylw.s

'I1ht tht'rc j)Oriitypcs arc ekscly siiiiiliir in sizc and stluctiiral characters to tlic L J ~ J C . ' l lwr~ JI:IYC tlic black siil~~aiitIi:il and slioiildcr marlt outlincd with whitc above. One lacks tlic domnl black spots.

The specimcn from 3laricao was tnkcii singing in hcrbnge along the rondsidc, togcthcr with 15. nirricdntrls a i d B. ati! iUeiisis. 'i'\ro were takcii singing oi i 151 Yiinqiic, l i l<cwiw iii low hchigc , tint1 the hs t wns foniirl liy ticcidcnt iii c,ollctting B. iciyli ! t t i u w .

'l'lic notc of this spccics is n siic ion of dicks, less shrill a i d lcss r:ipid iii;iri i i i 1;. yylliis.

This spccics stands in tlic snmc rclation to B. ciidillctisis as B. gtyjl t ia docs to E. auiiculatus.

. . . . . . f; ' I

......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eleutherodactylus wightmanre,' iicw spccics

'I'liirtccn spcciincns of this spccics ivcre ciillcctctl :it Vnricno niid El Yunquc, near the Forcst~r's citbin.

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.............................

- - .. ..... . . . . . . I1 ..

IllllIl I V X I'r0111 YCl l l . . . . . . . . . . .

Page 18: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HERPETOLOGY OF PORTO RICO

184 ‘IHh‘dtS S E l I ‘ I‘OllK .1c 1 l)f; . l lY 0 1 2 sf,‘lF;,~cl~:s

nrc qiiitc different in this spccics r r m the otlicr I’nrttJ Iticiiii spcc4cs o r the genus:

so, 102:\:1 l i p of sitout to vent.. ............................................ .L rnm. Tip of snout to I~Osterlor I w r t l c ~ of tyttt1i:knlittt.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I:?

......................................... .. Greatest brendth of hmt1 19 Foreleg from asillri ............................................... 8 3 .. EIlnd ~pg from vent.. ............................................ 5 3 ..

r , .n ..

FIG. ~ . - E l c c i t h r r o ~ a c f ~ l v s richntottdi Stejneger

A. ar N. 11. No. 10931. Tslcc nntartil she.

‘J’IVO estrerncly sm;ill spcciinens, mcasiiriiig 9 and 11 min. respectively. probably nrc rcccntly lmnsfnrnicd. Tliry arc colnrotl like thc ad11 I ~ s .

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