Contribution of Penning trap mass spectrometry to neutrino physics

Szilárd Nagy

MPI-K Heidelberg, Germany

New Instruments for Neutrino Relics and Mass, CERN, 8-Dec-2008

• Introduction• Techniques in high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometry• Results related to neutrino physics• Outlook

Outline

If m=100kg and m=0.1kg, Rel. Precision m/m =0.001 = 10-3

Mass: fundamental information for fundamental physics

E= mc2 : Is Einstein right?How much is really 1kg?Where does QED theory fail?Is there physics beyond the Standard Model ?What is the rest mass of a neutrino?

atomicb

nuclearbennp EEmZmNmZM

Penning trap

222

21

zc mqeB

Cyclotron frequency:

PENNING trap: Combination of a strong homogeneous magnetic field and weak electric quadrupole field

ν-

ν+

νz

Destructive and non-destructive detection

Narrow-band FT-ICR

4.2 K

radial energy axial energyG. Gräff et. al Z. Phys. 297 35 (1980)

0

7 T

TOF-ICR

(K. Blaum Phys. Rep. 425, 1-78 (2006)

Penning trap mass spectrometer facilities worldwide

facilities using HCI

under construction

Stockholm-Mainz-Ion LEvitation-TRAP

~2000 ions

0-2 ions

500 pC

50nC

20pC

I. Bergström et al. NIM A 487, 618 (2002)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 901E-10

1E-9

1E-8

1E-7

m

/ m

Charge State

238U TRF

=1sN=3000

mqeB

c

21

Why to use highly-charged ions for mass measurements?

In the case of 238U 92 X higher resolving power can be achieved by using q=92+ ions.

2/1qBNTM

mm

ex

M. Suhonen et al. JINST 2 P06003 (2007)G. Douysset Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4259 (2001)

On the Q-value of the 76Ge ββ -decay

227676 SeGe 27676 SeGeyearsT 21

2/1 10

Not allowed by SM

Manitoba

SMILETRAP2001

SMILETRAPRamsey2006

Manitoba 2

Q=2039.006(46) keV

m(136Xe) –m(136Ba)=2457.83(37) keV

m(136Xe) =135.907 214 484 (11) u

8x10-11 improvement by factor 380x

The Q-value of the 136Xe ββ -decay

M. Redshaw et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 053003 (2007)

E. G. Myers et al.formerly D. Pritchard MIT

eHeH 32

31

)()( 33endpoint HmHemQE

■ KATRIN will examine the shape of thetritium β spectrum at the highest energies.

■ If electron neutrinos had a nonzero mass, the maximum electron energy would be lower, and the shape of the spectrum different

The Q-value of the Tritium β-decay

Stockholm value:Q= 18 589.8 eV Uncertainty: 1.2 eV

Q-value of 3H β-decay

Sz. Nagy et al. Europhys. Lett., 74, 404 (2006)

SeattleStockholm

SMILE05 3,016,029,321 7 (26) u 0.8 ppb3H 3,016,049,278 7 (25) u

0.8 ppb

Mass measurement of 3He and 3H

Outlook

VanDyckPTMS@Heidelberg

UW-PTMS is relocated to MPI-K Heidelbergand is being built up in a new tritium-proof laboratorywithin the group of K. Blaum

B=7 TT=4.2KP=10-13mbar B/B<10-7/cm3

(B/dt)·(1/B)<10-10/h

The layout of the PENTATRAP in Heidelberg

HCI from Heidelberg EBIT

~118

mm

Preparation trap 1

Measurement trap

Preparation trap 2

~10 mm

77 K

20 K

4.2 K

Merge into one novel setup:HCI+Cooling+cryogenic trap+FT-ICR+ external ion injection

•Shielded room•External ion injections•Cryogenic temperatures •No ion-ion interaction•Short measurement cycle• Continuous B-field monitoring/ calibration Monitor trap 2

Monitor trap 1

K. Blaum et. alAimed precision is 10-12

TRIGA-SPEC: TRIGA-TRAP and TRIGA-LASER

Penningtraps

separatormagnet

ECRion source

detectionsystems

Cs133C-clustersource

7 TTR

IGA-

Lase

r

TRIG

APo

rt B

1m

TRIGA Mainz

W. Nörtershäuser et al

Gas jet

K. Blaum et al

TRIGA-TRAP is operational

Summary

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 201010-12

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

M

ass

Unc

erta

inty

m/m

year

28Si38Ca (T1/2 = 440ms)

PTMSReaction Q

RF Spectrometers

Mass Spectrographs

single ionion cloud

Masses must be measured with a clock!Smith Dehmelt, Gräff, van Dyck, Werth, Kluge

2009: 3H Q-value in Heidelberg with 30 meV precision

Acknowledgements!

K. Blaumgroup@MPI-K

R. SchuchI. BergströmT. Fritioff@Smiletrap2

THANK YOU!