Contrastive Analysiz on the level of Morphology

8/10/2019 Contrastive Analysiz on the level of Morphology

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GROUP 2CLASS : YB

1. Dewi Anggraini 201212500116

2. Endaninta 201212500085

3. Emilia 201312570015

4. Furry Danaswari 201212500082

5. Hicca Simanjuntak 201212500101

6. Mulyadi 201212500108

7. Nuraini 201212500218

8. Otce Kapitan 201412570039

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What is Morphology ?

In linguistics, morphologyis the identification, analysis,

and description of the structure of a givenlanguage's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root

words, affixes, parts of speech, intonations and stresses, or

implied context.


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What is Morphology ?

In linguistics, morphologyis the identification, analysis,

and description of the structure of a givenlanguage's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root

words, affixes, parts of speech, intonations and stresses, or

implied context.


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Kinds of morphological process in English :

Process of adding a morpheme(or affix) to a word to create

either a different form of thatword

Affixation

Occur in nouns, verbs, and

adjectives. It carries the samefunction as that of theinflections

Replacement

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Primary kinds of affixation :

Prefixation

Suffixation

Affixation

A group of letters which is placedat the beginning of a word tomodify or change it meaning.

Added to the end of an existing

word.

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A short list of prefixes:

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A suffix can make a new word in one of

two ways:

Inflectional Suffix. Derivational Suffix

A. Inflectional Suffix.

Inflectional suffix do not change the meaning

of the original word.

Example: Everyday I walk to school.Yesterday I walked to school.

The words walkand walkedhave the same basic

meaning. The suffix added simply for gramatical

correctness.

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A short list of inflectional suffixes:

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2. Derivational Suffix.

With derivational suffix, the new word has a new meaning, and is usually a

different part of speech. But the new meaning is related to the old

meaning it is derived from the old meaning.

We can add more than one suffix, as in this example:

A short list of

derivational

suffixes:

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Replacement occur in nouns, verbs, andadjectives. It carries the same function as that of the

inflections.

Replacement

Example:

stimulus stimuli

datum data

go went gone

eat ate eaten

little less least

bad worse worst

Source : grammar.about.com12/20/2014 11


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Process of adding a morpheme (or

affix) to a word to create either adifferent form of that word

Affixation

Process in which the rootor stemof

a word(or part of it) or even the wholeword is repeated exactly or with a

slight change.

Reduplication

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)


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AFFIXATION

In Indonesian, the number of affixes islimited, but each can go with a great number of

different stems, which belong to different parts of

speech.

Examples;

me-(verb) : menari, menyanyi, memakan,

me-(noun): meratap, mendamar, mengali,

pe-(verb) : pesuruh, pengajar, penyanyi.

pe-(adj.) : pemarah, pemalas, pengantuk,

ter-(adj.) : terdalam, terendah,ter-(verb) : tercetak, terangkat, terpukul,

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A t i i ti


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A t e a ixes are erivationa .These are the affixes in Indonesian:

Source:

Rosani, Ahmad .(2010). Contrastive Linguistics and Error Analysis InLanguage Teaching. Jakarta : Unindra press

Wikipedia.com

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An important device to show plurality, which is in English

shown by the plural suffixes. In English only nouns can be

pluralized.

Reduplication

Some examples of reduplication in English are:

boogie woogie- a type of dance

okey - dokey- means okay

itsy - bitsy- like in the itsy bitsy spider

hocus pocus- one of those words used in magic tricks

lilly dally- to be carefree and relax ; to take it easy

knick - knack- is a toy

teeny weeny- is a word for small

rock n' roll- is a type of music

zig - zag- a line that goes in different directionschit - chat- small talk

yada yada - word to say that something is repeated or keeps going on

mumbo jumbo- is something that isn't important

heebie - jeebies- a word to say that something was scary

bling bling- fancy jewlery

Boogie woogie

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Reduplication

An important device to show plurality, which is In

Indonesian, not only nouns, but also adjectives

and verbs can be reduplicated to show plurality.

Her houses are big = Rumah-rumahnya besar (the noun)Rumahnya besar-besar (the adjective)

He came here many times = Dia datang-datang ke sini ( the verb)

The number of words which are originallyreduplicated.

Examples ; kupu-kupu = a butterfly

Kura-kura = a turtle

mata-mata = a spy

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also known as

WORD CLASSES

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In Bahasa Indonesia word classes refers to a group of words in a

language that categorize by its form function and meaning in the grammatical

system.

KATA BENDA(Noun)

KATA KERJA (Verb)

KATA SIFAT(Adjective)

KATAKETERANGAN

(Adverb)

KATA GANTI

(Pronoun)

KATA BILANGAN(Numeric)

KATA TUGAS

7 Part of speech inBahasa Indonesia

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1. Kata benda (Noun);

Name of person, place, and thing.

Examples: rumah, beruang.

2. Kata kerja (Verb);

Identifies action or dynamic sense.

Examples: baca, lari.

Types of verbs:

Transitive verb(makan),

Intransitive verb(meninggal),

Pelengkap(berumah)

3. Kata sifat (adjective);

word that modifies a noun.

Example keras, cepat.12/20/2014 24


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4. Kata keterangan (adverb);

Words that modifies verb or other adverb.

Example: sekarang, agak..

5. Kata ganti (pronoun);

Take a place of a noun.

Example:ia, itu. First personalpronoun (kami),

Second personal

pronoun(engkau),

Third personal

pronoun

(mereka)

Possessive

pronoun (-nya),

Kata ganti

penunjuk (ini,itu)

Types of

pronoun

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6 Kata bilangan (numeric);
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbiahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbia


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6. Kata bilangan (numeric);

Word which expresses the

number of objects or things or

indicate the order.

Example:satu, kedua.

DuaBelas

12

CardinalNumber

KeduaBelas

12th

OrdinalNumberTypes of kata

bilangan

7. Kata tugas

The type of word that are different from

words above and based on the roles in the sentences

they have diferentiated into five categories:

a.Kata depan (preposition). Example: dari,

b.Kata sambung (conjunction). Example: dan, karena,

c.Kata sandang (article). Example: sang, si,

d.Kata seru (interjection). Examplewow, wah,

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CONCLUSIONIn English there are two kinds of morphological process they are

affixation and replacement. Prefixes and suffixes is a kind of affixation that

exist in English,but Suffixes are more dominant. There are two kinds of

suffiexes, there are Inflectional suffix and Derivational suffix.For the

Replacement, it occurs in nouns, verbs and and adjectives. It carries the same

function as that of the inflections.

In Indonesian there are also two kinds of morphological process

they are affixation and reduplication.Reduplication is An important device to

show plurality,which is in English show by the plural suffixes.In English onlynoun can be pluralized. In Indonesian, not only nouns but also adjectives and

verbs can be reduplicated to show pluralized.

In Part of speech, Both in English and Indonesian, part of speech all

of four kinds : nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. In English,

morphological process occurs in all these parts of speech. Noun can be given

the plural suffix-s, verbs : the suffix

s, ed, adjective : -er, est and adverbs : -ly. In Indonesian, there is no morphological process in adjectives and adverbs.

Free morphemes are used to express the meaning implied by the bound

morphemes er, est, -ly. Affixation is dominant in nouns and verbs in

Indonesian.

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Contrastive Analysiz on the level of Morphology