Contraception

Overview

Abstinence

• Not having sex– This can include oral,

vaginal or anal intercourse

Withdrawal

• Can be called coitus interruptus

• A man “withdrawals” or “pulls out” before any ejaculatory fluids enter the female

• Problems– Pre ejaculatory fluids– Ejaculation near the

genitals

Male Condom

• Worn over the penis to keep the ejaculatory fluids from entering the female.

• Different types• Condom is rolled onto the

erect penis before penetration

• Space at the tip is left to collect the ejaculatory fluid

• After ejaculation the male should remove the still erect penis/condom

• CANNOT BE REUSED

Female Condom

• Put in before genital contact• Can be put in 8 hours prior to

sex• One end of the condom is

open (the outer ring) and the other closed (inner ring), it should be put inside the vagina with the closed side (inner ring) closest to the cervix and the open side (outer ring) hanging about 1 inch outside the vagina on the outer lips

• Should be removed right after sex

• CANNOT BE REUSED

Diaphragms

• Soft rubber cup that cover the cervix

• Must be fit by a doctor.• The woman puts some

spermicidal cream or gel in the diaphragm and spreads it around, folds it, and puts it in the vagina

• Can be put in up to six hours in advance

• Removed six hours after sex

• Needs to be checked by a doctor at least once a year

Oral Contraceptives

• “The Pill”• Combination of

synthetic progestin and estrogen or just progestin

• Taken daily at the same time

• Prevents the ovaries from releasing an ova

The Patch

• A patch containing hormones (synthetic progestin/estrogen) is placed on the skin. Each patch stays for one week the fourth week no patch is put onto the skin.

• Prevents ovaries from releasing an ova

The Ring

• A soft, plastic, flexible ring that the female inserts into her vagina. Releases the same hormones as the pill and the patch.

• One ring is placed into the vagina for three weeks and removed for the fourth week

• Prevents the ovaries from releasing an ova

The Shot

• Depo-Provera• Hormones are

injected into the female once every three months

• Prevents the ovaries from releasing an ova

• Can stop a woman’s menstrual cycle completely

IUD/IUC

• Intrauterine Devices• Copper or plastic T-

shaped devices that may or may not contain hormones.

• Implanted into the uterus• Can keep a fertilized ova

from implanting into the uterus

• Copper IUDs can be left in for 10 years

• Hormonal (plastic) can be left in for 5 years

Spermicide

• Come in the form of foam, film, jelly, gel, suppository. Contains chemicals that kill sperm

• Can be bought over the counter

• Should be applied 15 minutes prior to sex

• Spermicide containing Nonoxynol-9 can increase the risk of contracting HIV

Emergency Contraception

• “Plan – B” or “The morning after pill”• Can now be purchased over the counter

for women over the age of 17• For best results the pill should be taken

within 24 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse

• Can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse

• Is not the same as the “abortion pill”

Hormonal vs Barrier

• Barrier methods– Male and female condoms, diaphragms,

sponges and cervical caps are barrier methods. – Condoms can protect against STDs

• Hormonal Methods– The pill, shot, implant, IUD/IUC, the ring, the

patch– All release hormones to prevent pregnancy– None protect against STDs

Doubling Up

• “When it comes to condoms, put two on” Asher Roth

• Two condoms reduces the effectiveness of the condom

• Using two methods such as a hormonal method and a barrier method will increase the effectiveness

• All effectiveness rates are based on perfect and typical use

• Contraceptives should be used correctly and consistently every time