Continuity of Learning Assignments · 2020-04-16 · The health of soil is a primary concern to farmers and the global community whose livelihoods depend on-well managed agriculture

Continuity of Learning Assignments

Grade: _12____ Subject: _Geography_

April 15-16 April 17 & 20 April 21-22 April 23-24 April 27-28

Essential Activity Essential Activity Essential Activity Essential Activity Essential Activity

Students have been assigned the following:

• Section 1.1 Maps pages 1-3

• Complete Map Worksheet on page 4

• Watch the video and complete questions on page 5


• Section 2.2 Human-Environment Interactions pages 6-8

• Complete short answer and essay questions on page 9


• Section 4.3 Ecosystems pages 10-15

• Complete worksheet on page 16

• Complete Explore activity on page 17


• Section 3.4 Globalization pages 18-23

• Complete the notes pages 24-27


• Complete the Pick a Country project on page 28

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Maps vs. Globes

Maps

• Good

– Small & easy to transport

– Can show detailed info

– Can be produced at any

scale

• Bad

– Inaccurate—shapes &

locations are distorted

Globes

• Good

– Really accurate — shapes &

locations are true

• Bad

– Not very detailed

– Not easily transported

Political Maps• Shows features that

humans have

created, such as

countries, states,

provinces, and

cities.

• Lines show

boundaries between

those features.

Physical Maps• Shows natural

features of physical

geography such as

landforms, bodies of

water, and elevation.

• Examples: Plains,

mountains, valleys,

deserts, oceans,

lakes, river, etc.

Special Purpose or Thematic Maps

• Useful for showing a

variety of specific

geographic

information.

• Examples: Economic

activity, natural

resources, population

density, climate, etc.

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1.1 Maps

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13

1. Which map would you

use to help you decide

where to go on a downhill

skiing vacation in the U.S.?

Why?

2. Which map would you

use to find the distance

between Santa Fe, NM and

Austin, TX? Why? What is

that distance?

3. Sometimes physical

features help determine

political borders. What are 2

examples of borders in the

U.S. that are influenced by a

physical feature?

4. Which map of China

would someone who studies

human geography most

likely use?

5. In which region of the

country do most people in

China live?

6. Which region of China

receives the most rainfall?

7. How is the amount of

precipitation related to

population patterns in

China?

8. Explain at least one

specific reason why

population patterns in China

might be affected by the

amount of precipitation?

Geography-Standard 1.1-Different Types of Maps-Types of Maps video questions

Directions-go to the link below and answer questions 1-8.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBYzeT2O97g

Questions from types of maps video

1. What is on challenge of maps in general?

2. What is the difference between an interrupted and uninterrupted map?

3. What does the term “distortion” mean when it is applied to map making?

4. The shape of a Mercator Map is a _______________________________. Although the

Mercator map is accurate, there is a problem with ______________________________.

5. What is the Goode Homolosine Projection? List one advantage and one disadvantage of using

this map?

6. The Fuller Projection does an excellent job _______________________________, but struggles

with _____________________________________________________________________.

7. The Robinson Projection is _____________________________________________________.

The Robinson Projection minimizes distortion by ___________________________________.

8. The Winkle Triple Projection is more _______________________ and

_______________________. But, It struggles with ___________________________.

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HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS

- Human Adaptations & Modifications

- Rural Networks

- Urbanization

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS❖Human-Environment Interactions- the changes people make to their surroundings and the impact those changes have on those surroundings.

❖Adaptations- humans change their own behaviors or actions to suit their environment❖Many choices humans make are determined by their

environment, including availability of food, shelter, clothing choices, and general ways of life

❖Modifications- humans change their surroundings to suit their behaviors and/or actions❖Humans have the ability to make changes to their environment

through agriculture, urbanization (growth of cities), and technology

ADAPTATIONS

❖People change their behavior in order to increase their chances of survival in their environment

❖Understanding how people are affected by their surroundings is vital for finding solutions to modern problems, including:❖Responses to extreme weather & natural disasters

❖Desalination techniques to purify drinking water

❖Using heating & air conditioning to live in various climates

❖Building shelter for protection from elements

MODIFICATIONS ❖Humans have also changed their environment based on what they need to survive; these changes often vary from region to region, including:❖Terrace farming on mountain slopes

❖Land reclamation projects in marshes/swamps

❖Mechanical dredging to rebuild coastlines

❖Dam construction

❖Unfortunately, these changes in the environment on a global scale have resulted in both positive and negative effects, e.g.:❖Pollution

❖Shortage/Overuse of resources

❖Climate Change

RURAL NETWORKS- Green Revolution

- Agricultural innovations

- Depletion of Arable Land

- Sustainable Development

RURAL NETWORKS

❖Rural Networks- communities that are predominantly involved in primary economic activities (farming) because they rely on natural resources for productivity❖Rural areas will generally have small populations and low population density

❖Settlement Patterns- the specific areas where people decide to live. Physical and human factors help people find the best areas that will support many different economic activities.

❖Physical Factors-people will settle in areas where they have access to natural resources.❖areas that have access to fresh water ❖low-lying areas near fertile soil ❖temperate and mild climate regions

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2.2 Human-Environment Interactions

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GREEN REVOLUTION❖Green Revolution- research and technology initiatives developed between the 1930’s and 1960’s that increased agriculture production worldwide.❖Brought mechanized irrigation, fertilizer use, and pesticides into

common usage among farmers

❖Reduced the energy needed to produce crops while increasing the output the crops yielded

❖Population has grown 4x due to minimalizing crop famines and malnutrition (illnesses that result from not getting enough food nutrients)

❖Agriculture- systematic growing of crops to provide food and other products needed for survival

❖Sedimentation- water carries broken down rocks, clay, and sand particles and deposits them in other areas, creates nutrient-rich soil

AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS

❖Pesticides- chemical substance used to kill insects or organisms that are harmful to crops and domesticated animals

❖Irrigation- the artificial application of water for growing crops in dry areas and during periods of little rainfall.

❖Aquifer- an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock that groundwater can be extracted from, usually from a water well

❖Aqueduct- series of pipes, canals, and tunnels constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away

DEPLETION OF ARABLE LAND

❖Arable Land- land that can be used to grow crops; many practices used in growing those crops can lead to the loss of topsoil and destruction of soil❖The health of soil is a primary concern to farmers and the global

community whose livelihoods depend on-well managed agriculture.

❖Degraded lands are less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding. As land loses its fertile soil, agricultural producers move on, clear more forest and continue the cycle of soil loss.

❖There are many challenges to maintaining healthy soil, including:❖Deforestation

❖Overgrazing/Overfarming

❖Use of agrochemicals (pesticides, growth hormones, etc.)

❖Increased pollution

❖Desertification/Climate Change

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

❖Sustainable Development- maintaining the continued ability of the surrounding environment to provide natural resources that the economy depends on and meet the development goals of society.

❖Sustainable land use can help to reduce the impacts of agriculture and livestock, preventing soil degradation and erosion and the loss of valuable land.

❖Alternative Energy- renewable energy sources that have lower carbon emissions. These include: ❖Wind Energy

❖Solar Energy

❖Geothermal Energy

❖Hydroelectric Energy

URBANIZATION- Types of Cities

- Urban Sprawl

- Pollution & Climate Change

URBAN NETWORKS

❖Urban Systems- areas that include and surround a city; most inhabitants will have non-agricultural jobs

❖Urban areas have a higher population density and are very developed. Unlike rural areas that have lots of space, urban areas will have many man-made structures like:

❖Commercial buildings

❖Roads

❖Bridges & Railways

❖Designated Residential Areas

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URBAN NETWORKS❖Metropolitan- a densely populated urban center and the surrounding, less populated areas that share housing, roads, and job opportunities.❖AKA megacity

❖Rio Grande Valley is considered a metro area because people travel between Brownsville, Harlingen & McAllen for work

❖Megalopolis- an urban area that is made up of many large cities and suburbs that are very close together; most are connected through a complex system of movement (highways, railways, waterways, etc.)❖Dallas- Ft. Worth (Arlington, Richardson, Dickinson)

❖Primate City- a city whose population is greater than two times the next largest city in a nation (or contains over one-third of a nation's population). The primate city is usually very expressive of the national culture and often the capital city❖Paris (France), London (England), Mexico City (Mexico)

BRAIN QUEST: MAP THE WORLD’S PRIMATE CITIES

❖ Jakarta, Indonesia

❖ Seoul, South Korea

❖ Manila, Philippines

❖ Mexico City, Mexico

❖ Moscow, Russia

❖ Cairo, Egypt

❖ Bangkok. Thailand

❖ Paris, France

❖ Buenos Aires, Argentina

❖ Tehran, Iran

EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION

❖Urbanization- the process of populations moving from rural to urban areas, causing the growth cities and towns.

❖Positive Effects of Urbanization:❖creation of employment opportunities,

❖technological advancements,

❖improved transportation and communication,

❖quality educational and medical facilities,

❖improved standards of living.

❖Infrastructure- fundamental physical structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society ❖Ex: paved roads, highways, schools, hospitals, power suppliers

EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION❖Negative Effects of Urbanization:❖With the increase in the number of people living in urban centers, individual

houses are scarce; most individuals live in apartments.

❖Unemployment rates are highest in urban areas and it is even higher among the educated people, who have difficulty finding jobs to match their skill level.

❖Costs of living in urban areas will take up most of a person’s salary

❖Favelas- a slum or shantytown where squatters, who can’t afford cost of living in the city, occupy vacant land and construct homes of salvaged or stolen materials.❖Located within/on outskirts of Brazil's largest cities, especially Rio de Janeiro and

São Paulo

❖Spatial Inequality- unequal amounts of resources (drinking water, arable land, fuels) and services (schools, hospitals, police)❖People with same social class (ethnicity, race, economics) will stay together

❖Poor areas will stay poor until resources and services are introduced

URBAN SPRAWL

❖Urban sprawl- the migration of a population from populated towns and cities to low density residential development over more and more rural land.

❖Suburbs- smaller residential communities that are on the outskirts of a city or large town; most people live in these areas and travel to the city for work❖Rancho Viejo is a suburb of Brownsville

❖Bayview, Olmito, Treasure Hills are suburbs

❖Reasons why people migrate to suburbs:❖Cost of undeveloped land

❖Improved infrastructure (because taxes can be spread out more in suburbs)

❖Increase in Standard of Living

URBAN SPRAWL

❖Negative Effects of Urban Sprawl:

❖Increased spending- taxes are used to maintain roads, schools, and emergency services; an increase in population always means an increase in taxes

❖Environmental Effects- increase in suburban population can severely disrupt the environment ❖development of land disrupts wildlife and natural habitats,

❖increase in garbage and use of non-recyclable materials in home-building,

❖the use of cars increases pollution

❖Health Effects-❖Pollution- the presence or introduction into an environment of a substance that has

poisonous or harmful effects

❖Pollution hotspots- areas where emissions from water or air pollution exposes location population to increased health risks

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Geography-Standard 2.2-Human Environmental Interaction- Essay question to accompany power

point

Imagine that you are writing a speech to the United Nations about human environmental interaction. In

this speech you must discuss the three points that people must understand about human interaction in

the environment. Be sure to use specific examples to support your argument.

Geography-Standard 2.2-Human Environmental Interaction- Short answer questions to accompany

power point

1. What is an example of human environment interaction?

2. What are the three types of human environment interaction?

3. How do humans interact with their environment?

4. What are some positive effects of human environment interaction?

5. What are three types of environment?

6. What is interactions on the environment?

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Ecosystem?Producer?Consumer?Decomposer?

Life Science PowerPoint

What Am I?

©2019 Trail 4 Success

What Am I?

Producer?

Consumer?

Ecosystem?

Decomposer?

Forest

a) Ecosystem b) Producer

c) Consumer d) Decomposer

Some Bacteria



Cattails



Fungi



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4.3 Ecosystems

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Raccoon



Fly/Maggots



Desert



Cactus



Stream



Treefrog



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Tundra



Clownfish



Trees



Ocean



Earthworm



Grasshopper



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Lilypad



Moss



Mountain Goat



Mushroom



Pond



Wheat



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Robin



Mold



Deer



Cheetah



it’s your

turn!

Print

out the

next

slide

and

see

what

you

can do!

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31

Na me ______________________ Da te _____ / _____ / _________

© www.EasyTeacherWorksheets.com

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

Food We bs

Use the fo o d we b to the rig ht

to a nswe r the q ue stio ns.

1. The se c o nd -o rd e r

c o nsume r with no p re d a to rs is

the ____________________.

2. The fo o d c ha in tha t

inc lud e s inse c t-e a ting b ird s is

____________________.

3. The a nima l tha t c o nsume s

the la rg e st numb e r o f first-

o rd e r a nd se c o nd -o rd e r

c o nsume r sp e c ie s is the

__________________.

4. All the a nima ls tha t a re

he rb ivo re s a re _______________

c o nsume rs.

5. If the re we re no mo unta in lio ns in this fo o d we b , whic h first o rd e r c o nsume rs wo uld like ly

d e c re a se in p o p ula tio n size ? _____________

Ec olog ic a l Te rms

Co mmunity De c o mp o se rs Ec o syste m Ha b ita t

He rb ivo re Nic he Omnivo re Po p ula tio n sc a ve ng e r

Pro vid e the missing te rms in the b la nks b e lo w using the wo rd list a b o ve

6. A g ro up o f ind e p e nd e nt o rg a nisms in a p a rtic ula r e nviro nme nt fo r a (a n) __________.

7. Org a nisms tha t b re a k d o wn c o mple x c o mp o und s a nd d e a d tissue a re __________.

8. All the living a nd no nliving thing s in a se le c te d a re a fro m a (a n) __________.

9. The p a rtic ula r e nviro nme nt to whic h a p a rtic ula r sp e c ie s is a d o p te d is its __________.

10. The sp e c ia l ro le a nd p la c e o f a n o rg a nism within its ha b ita t is its __________.

11. An a nima l tha t e a ts b o th p la nts a nd a nima ls is a (a n) __________.

12. Me mb e rs o f a sing le sp e c ie s tha t o c c up y a c o mmo n a re a fro m a (a n) __________.

13. Anima ls tha t fe e d o nly o n d e a d o rg a nisms a re __________.

Produc e rs

First- Orde r

Consume rs

Se c ond- Orde r

Consume rs

Third- Orde r

Consume rs

Geography 4.3-Ecosystems-Explore

Now that you’ve learned all about ecosystems go outside and describe the ecosystem that is in your

yard. Make sure to include producers and consumers in your explorations.

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GLOBALIZATION• Human societies across the globe have

established progressively closer contacts

over many centuries, but recently the pace

has dramatically increased. Jet airplanes,

cheap telephone service, email, computers,

huge oceangoing vessels, instant capital

flows, all these have made the world more

interdependent than ever. Multinational

corporations manufacture products in

many countries and sell to consumers

around the world.

GLOBALIZATION

• (Cont.) Money, technology and raw

materials move ever more swiftly

across national borders. Along with

products and finances, ideas and

cultures circulate more freely. As a

result, laws, economies, and social

movements are forming at the

international level. (globalpolicy.org)

REASONS FOR GLOBALIZATION• Throughout history people have been

attempting to reach places all over the

globe.

• Technology has made earth more

accessible.

–Ships, trains, telephones, cars, planes,

Internet, fax machines, e-mail have all

contributed to the accessibility of

remote places on earth.

• Transnational (multinational)

corporations

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3.4 Globalization

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Place a picture of your local Wal

Mart here SPACE

• Space, or spatially thinking, is the most

important skill that geographers

possess.

• Geographers organize information

spatially, understanding that an action

at one point in space can have an effect

at other points in space.

DISTRIBUTION

• Geographers also look at the way

space is organized.

• The arrangement of features in space is

known as “distribution.”• There are three main properties of

distribution:

–Density

–Concentration

–Pattern

DENSITY

• Density is the frequency of which

something occurs in space.

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Density:

32 NFL

teams

CONCENTRATION

• The extent of a feature’s spread over space is its concentration.

• If the units of measurement are close

together they are clustered.

• If the units of measurement are far

apart they are dispersed.

Professional

soccer teams

in London

clustered

PATTERN

• Pattern is the geometric arrangement of

objects in space.

CONNECTIONS

• Geographers are constantly thinking

about connections among places.

• More rapid connections among places

across the globe have reduced

distances between places, not in miles,

but in time.

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SPACE-TIME COMPRESSION

• Space-time compression (convergence)

describes the time it takes for

something to reach another place.

With advanced technology, the

absolute distance between places is

shrinking.

TOBLER’S FIRST LAW OF GEOGRAPHY

• The first law of geography according to

Waldo Tobler is "Everything is related

to everything else, but near things are

more related than distant things.”• This law describes “friction of

distance,” meaning that distance itself hinders interaction between places.

DISTANCE DECAY

• Friction of distance causes a

phenomenon known as “distance decay.”

• Distance decay states that the farther

away one group is from another, the

less likely the groups are to interact.

Contact diminishes with increasing

distance and eventually disappears.

LUNCH CHOICES

• NO CAR • CAR

Explain to students the concept of

distance decay by having them

come up with places they could

go to lunch from school with or

without a car. You type in the

choices they come up with.

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DIFFUSION

• Diffusion is the process by which a

characteristic, or innovation, spreads

across space from one place to another

over time.

• A hearth is the place from which an

innovation originates.

RUBIK’S CUBE• Invented in Hungary in 1974. (HEARTH)

• Originally called the “Magic Cube.”• Released worldwide in 1980 by Ideal Toys.

(DIFFUSION)

• The first international world championships

were held in 1982 and the winner solved the

cube in 22.95 seconds.

• The current world record for solving the cube

is 7.08 seconds (2008)

DIFFERENT TYPES OF

DIFFUSION

• Relocation diffusion: The spread of an

idea through physical movement from

one place to another.

• Expansion diffusion: The spread of a

feature from one place to another in a

snowballing process.

EXPANSION DIFFUSION

• There are three types of expansion

diffusion:

– Hierarchical diffusion: the spread of an

idea from persons or nodes of authority or

power to other persons or places.

– Contagious diffusion: the rapid,

widespread diffusion of a characteristic

throughout the population.

– Stimulus diffusion: the spread of an

underlying principle, even though a

characteristic itself apparently fails to

diffuse.

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Sources

• Rubenstein, James M. An Introduction to

Human Geography: The Cultural

Landscape. Ninth. Upper Saddle River,

NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. Print.

• Sawyer, Christian. AP Human Geography.

Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education

Association, 2008. Print.

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3.4 GLOBALIZATION

•Human societies across the globe have

over many centuries, but recently the

pace has dramatically increased. Jet airplanes, cheap telephone

service, email, computers, huge oceangoing vessels, instant capital

flows, all these

than ever.

manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumers

around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move ever

more swiftly across national borders. Along with products and

finances,

. As a result, laws, economies, and social movements are

forming at the international level. (globalpolicy.org)

REASONS FOR GLOBALIZATION

•Throughout history people have been

.

•Technology has made .

–Ships,

, e-mail have all contributed to the accessibility of

remote places on earth.

•Transnational (multinational) corporations

Name:

SPACE

•Space, or spatially thinking,

.

•Geographers organize information spatially, understanding that an

.

DISTRIBUTION

•Geographers also look at the way space is .

•The arrangement of features in space is known as “

.”

•There are three main properties of distribution:

–D

–C

–P

DENSITY

•Density is the of which something occurs in space.

CONCENTRATION

•The is its

concentration.

•If the units of measurement are together they are

.

•If the units of measurement are they are

.

PATTERN

•Pattern is the in space.

CONNECTIONS

•Geographers are constantly

among places.

•More rapid connections among places across the globe have

.

SPACE-TIME COMPRESSION

•Space-time compression ( ) describes the

time it takes for something to reach another place. With advanced

technology, the

.

TOBLER’S FIRST LAW OF GEOGRAPHY

•The according to Waldo Tobler is

"Everything is related to everything else,

.”

•This law describes “ ,” meaning that

.

DISTANCE DECAY

•Friction of distance causes a phenomenon known as “

.”

•Distance decay states that the one group is

from another, the the groups are to

. Contact diminishes with increasing distance and

.

DIFFUSION

•Diffusion is the process by which a characteristic, or innovation,

.

•A is the place from which an innovation

.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIFFUSION

•Relocation diffusion: The spread of an idea through

physical movement from one place to another.

•Expansion diffusion: The spread of a feature from

one place to another in a

.

EXPANSION DIFFUSION

•There are three types of expansion diffusion:

–H : the spread of an idea from

persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.

–C : the rapid, widespread diffusion of a

characteristic throughout the population.

–S : the spread of an underlying

principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to

diffuse.

Geography-standard 3.4-Globalization-Advantages and Disadvantages.

After learning about globalization, list three advantages and three disadvantages of globalization. After

listing advantages and disadvantages, apply what you have learned to the current pandemic.

Geography-Pick a Country

For your final module you are going to pick a country to research. You can either write a brief 2-page

paper or create a 10 slide power point. You must include the following elements in your paper or power

point:

1. The country you are researching.

2. The location of the country you are researching.

3. Three famous people from the country you are researching.

4. Three ecosystems of the country you are researching.

5. The cost of living in the country you are researching.

6. Three cultural high-lights of the country you are researching (food music, etc.).

7. The political and economic system of the country you are researching.

8. Would you want to live in the country you are researching-EXPLAIN.

Geography-Pick a Country Project

Documents

Continuity of Learning Assignments · 2020-04-16 · The health of soil is a primary concern to farmers and the global community whose livelihoods depend on-well managed agriculture