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Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture Sustainable
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Urban and
Peri-urban Agriculture Sustainable Food Production Issues for the
21 st Century LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio
Fall 2011
Slide 2
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Glossary of
Agricultural Terms USDA United States Department of Agriculture
Conventional Cultivation as defined by the USDA, the use of
chemical inputs to maximize agricultural production to provide
healthy safe and cost efficient food stuffs for the American
public. Organic Cultivation - as owned by the United States
Government, organic is a labeling term that indicates that the food
or other agricultural product has been produced through approved
methods that integrate cultural, biological, and mechanical
practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological
balance, and conserve biodiversity. Synthetic fertilizers, sewage
sludge, irradiation, and genetic engineering may not be used. Learn
more.Learn more Chemical Free Cultivation as defined by the
European Union and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations, the use of natural minerals and organic carbon
sources for food production. Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable
production practices involve a variety of methods. Specific
strategies take into account topography, soil characteristics,
climate, pests, local availability of inputs and the individual
grower's goals.Sustainable Urban Agriculture - the growing of
plants and the raising of animals within and around cities. Learn
more.Learn more Local Food as defined by Slow Foods International
is less than 300 miles.Slow Foods International LA301 Housing and
Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 3
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm On the Farm
Valentine Hill Farm an Overview LA301 Housing and Community
Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 4
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Valentine Hill Farm
Valentine Hill Farm. Our goal is to provide healthy, locally grown
and produced, chemical free foods for you and your family. The
Bakery at Valentine Hill Farm We specialize in growing chemical
free vegetables and fruit on our farm and producing artisan bakery
products in our bakery. We also provide membership opportunities in
our Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) services. We exceed the
USDA National Organic Program standards through sustainable
chemical free farming practices.USDA National Organic Program To
insure the health of the land for this generation and future
generations and we strive to do so with the smallest possible
carbon footprint. We pledge non-GMO and chemical free. We use100%
certified organic ingredients. Mission of Valentine Hill Farm
Located in southeastern Boone County, Zionsville, Indiana Serving
the greater Indianapolis metropolitan area since 2005 Using
ecologically sustainable agricultural practices Preparing and
educating farmers, educators and students for optimal local food
production LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall
2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 5
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Business Strategies
How to meet the bills Organic Certification Business Costs Living
Costs Savings and Cash Flow Commodity Prices What to Grow How To
Grow Where to Grow Other Income Centers, Farmers Markets
Agritourism Workshops Educational Sessions Bed and Breakfast
Internships Externships Classes and Tours Value Added Products
Bakery Lectures Education Income LA301 Housing and Community
Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 6
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Cultivation
Strategies Site Conditions Topography Soil Types Soil Fertility
Soil Chemistry Access and Equipment Sun Study Wind Pattern Soil
Moisture Climate Data Cultivation Types Low Density Medium Density
High Density Cropping Types Monoculture Mixed single family species
Plant or animal or mixed Specialty Cash Truck or Subsistence
Sustainable (optimal) Conventional (maximal) LA301 Housing and
Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 7
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Why Urban Farming
Food Safety Large scale operations for plant and animal production
and finishing is susceptible to breakdown and loss of adequate food
production Increased number of stops along the supply chain results
in a loss of custody Consumer Demand Fear that contaminated food is
everywhere Uncertain about the safety and quality of the food being
sold Higher exposure to a wider variety of food products
Cosmopolitan and cultural diversity increasing in smaller market
areas Transportation Costs Increasing dependency on large farm
operations (CAFO) isolated and removed from major markets Why
Change Farming Locations? LA301 Housing and Community Planning
Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 8
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Food Production
Issues Affordable Population Density Production Parcel Sizes
Climate Changes Habitat Intrusions Micro Weather Patterns Plant and
Animal Natural History and Cycles Zoning Requirements Land Use
Planning Local Economies Local Regulation, Inspections and
Certifications Consumer Education Urban Ecology Agricultural
Ecology Mixed Use Compatibility Air Rights (Height restrictions)
Sun Rights Water Rights What to Think About LA301 Housing and
Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 9
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm At the Market How
has the outdoor shopping market changed? Still have local foods
Still have crowds Still have seasons Still have fun Producer vs.
reseller Organic vs. conventional Seasonal vs. year round Focus on
local production vs. nationwide Are there Design Standards for a
market? Minimal Design Standards specifically for farmers markets
standards are controlled by local jurisdiction and inspection Most
design elements are up to the designer LA301 Housing and Community
Planning Design Studio Fall 2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com
Slide 10
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected
Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and
Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com Urban Farming Planning Readings American
Planning Association. (2007). Policy guide on community and
regional food planning. Retrieved from
http://www.bracrtf.com/documents/APAPolicyGuide-
CommunityandRegionalFoodPlanning.pdfhttp://www.bracrtf.com/documents/APAPolicyGuide-
CommunityandRegionalFoodPlanning.pdf Balmer, K., Gill, J.,
Kaplinger, H., Miller, J., Peterson,M., Rhoads, A., Wall, T.
(2005). The diggable city:Making urban agriculture a planning
priority. Nohad A.Toulan School of Urban Studies and
Planning.Retrieved from
http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=122587http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=122587
Bingen, J., Colasanti, K., Fitzpatrick, M., & Nault, K.(2009).
Urban agriculture. In L. Phoenix (Ed.),Critical food issues:
Problems and state-of-the-art solutionsworldwide (pp. 109122).
Santa Barbara, CA: ABCCLIO,LLC. Brown, K. & Jameton, A. (2000).
Public health implications of urban agriculture. Journal of Public
Health Policy, 21(1), 2039. oi:10.2307/3343472 Campbell, M. C.
(2004). Building a common table: The role for planning in community
food systems. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 23(4),
34155. doi:10.1177/0739456X04264916 City of Flint Zoning Ordinance.
Article II. Chapter 50:Zoning, A-1: Single-Family Low Density
District, 50-17: Principle Permitted Uses, p. 26. Flint,
MI.Retrieved from
http://www.ci.flint.mi.us/Planning/ZONING_ORD.pdfhttp://www.ci.flint.mi.us/Planning/ZONING_ORD.pdf
Conner, D., Montri, A. D., Montri, D. N., & Hamm, M.W. (2009).
Consumer demand for local produce at extended season farmers
markets: Guiding farmer marketing strategies. Renewable Agriculture
and Food Systems, 24(4), 251259.doi:10.1017/S1742170509990044
Slide 11
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected
Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and
Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com Heller, M. & Keoleian, G. (2003).
Assessing the sustainability of the US food system: A life cycle
perspective. Agricultural Systems, 76(3), 10011041.
doi:10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00027-6 Urban Farming Business Readings
Kaufman, J. & Bailkey, M. (2000). Farming inside cities:
Entrepreneurial urban agriculture in the United States. Working
paper, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved
from
http://www.urbantilth.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/farminginsidecities.pdfhttp://www.urbantilth.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/farminginsidecities.pdf
Morland, K., Wing S. B., Roux A. D., & Poole, C. (2002).
Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food
stores and food service places. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 22(1),2329 Pothukuchi, K., & Kaufman, J. (1999).
Placing the food system on the urban agenda: The role of municipal
institutions in food systems planning. Agriculture and Human
Values, 16, 21324. doi:10.1023/A:1007558805953 Pothukuchi, K. &
Wallace, R. (2009). Sustainable food systems: Perspectives on
transportation policy. In Malkefzali, S. (Ed.), Healthy, Equitable
Transportation Policy: Recommendations and Research (pp. 113130).
Oakland, CA: PolicyLink. U.S. Census Bureau. (1990). 1990 Census of
Population and Housing: Population and housing unit counts.
CPH-2-1. Retrieved from
www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-1-1.pdf
www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-1-1.pdf U.S. Census Bureau.
(2009). Median household income for states: 2007 and 2008 American
Community Surveys. Retrieved from
http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/acsbr08-2.pdf
http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/acsbr08-2.pdf
Slide 12
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected
Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and
Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com Food-From Farm to Table 1982 Yearbook of
Agriculture by United States Department of Agriculture. (1982).
United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Urban
Farming and Health Readings Fighting Poverty and Hunger: What Role
for Urban Agriculture?Fighting Poverty and Hunger: What Role for
Urban Agriculture? Alberto Zezza and Luca TasciottiFAO ES-Policy
-Briefs, August 2010. For more information on FAO urban agriculture
and policy briefs visit
http://www.fao.org/economic/es-policybriefs/briefs-
detail/en/?no_cache=1&uid=45052http://www.fao.org/economic/es-policybriefs/briefs-
detail/en/?no_cache=1&uid=45052 The Call of the Land: An
Agrarian Primer for the 21 st Century by Steven McFadden. (2009).
Nashville, IN: Norlights Press. 119 pp. $12.95, paperback. See the
books website at
thecalloftheland.wordpress.com.thecalloftheland.wordpress.com
Ecology, Urban Environmental Challenges and Engineering Primers
Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity by William Ophuls. (1977). W.
H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, CA Constructed Wetlands for
Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural by
Donald Hammer. (1989). Lewis Publishers, Inc, Chelsea, MI
Ecological Engineering An Introduction to Ecotechnology Edited by
William Mitsch and Sven Erik Jrgensen. (1989). John Wiley and Sons,
New York, NY Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems Volume 1 Edited by
John Cairns, Jr. (1988). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Slide 13
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected
Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and
Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com Ecology, Urban Environmental Challenges
and Engineering Primers Landscape Ecology by Richard Forman and
Michel Godron. (1986). John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY Ren Dubos,
1976, Symbiosis Between the Earth and Humankind, Science 6 August
1976: Vol. 193 no. 4252 pp. 459-462 DOI:
10.1126/science.193.4252.459
(http://www.sciencemag.org/content/193/4252/459.citation)http://www.sciencemag.org/content/193/4252/459.citation
The Soil Resource Origin and Behavior Ecological Studies Number 37
by Hans Jenny. (1980). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY Urban Soil in
Landscape Design by Phillip Craul. (1992). John Wiley and Sons, New
York, NY Storm Water Collection Systems Design Handbook Edited by
Larry Mays. (2001). McGraw Hill Companies, New York, NY Design With
Nature by Ian McHarg. (1992). John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY
Route Location and Design Fifth Edition by Thomas Hickerson.
(1964). McGraw Hill Companies, New York, NY
Slide 14
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected
Bibliography and Readings for Urban Ecology, Urban Farming and
Design LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall 2011
www.valentinehillfarm.com Electronic PDF Files Available from your
Instructors Family Farm-Owned Cooperative Grocery Stores
Alternative Retailing Strategy for North America? Copyright 2008
Duncan Hilchey, New Leaf Associates, Inc. 295 Hook Place, Ithaca,
NY 14850 Feeding the Region: Assessing Local Agricultural
Productive Capacity to Meet Demand in Tompkins County, NY Produced
for the Tompkins County Cornell Cooperative Extension Monika Roth,
Agriculture & Horticulture Program Leader The impact of green
roof and green faade on urban agriculture by Nazanin Nafici Shared
Harvest A Vision for a Sustainable, Organic Urban Farm in Arlington
County, VA ENVR E-105, Spring 2010 Strategies for Sustainability
Management Harvard University Extension School Environmental
Management and Sustainability Dan Redmond [email protected] HUID #
May 4, [email protected]
Slide 15
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web
Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall
2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Food Commons is a proposed national
network of physical, financial and organizational infrastructure
that allows local and regional markets to operate efficiently and
foodshed-based enterprises to cooperate, compete and thrive
according to the principles of sustainability, fairness, and public
accountability. It is a whole systems approach to localized food
economies that includes three integral components: 1) The Food
Commons Trust 2) The Food Commons Bank, and 3) The Food Commons
Hub. For more information contact: Larry Yee [email protected][email protected]@ucdavis.edu [email protected]
FOOD SYSTEM Wiki A Collaboration of the Department of Urban and
Regional Planning at the University of Wisconsin Madison and
AgDevONLINE This Wiki and its companion annotated bibliography were
initiated as a class project for Urban and Regional Planning 711,
Markets and Food Systems, at the University of Wisconsin Madison
and is administered by AgDevONLINE. This Wiki aims to present a
comprehensive guide to all food system and agriculture
developmentrelated terms. It is our hope that these terms provide
an accurate, normative overview of some everyday and some
not-so-common phrases about this growing fieldDepartment of Urban
and Regional Planning AgDevONLINE The Brookings Metropolitan Policy
Program and The Reinvestment Fund have released a new online video
and interactive map addressing the challenges of making sure
low-income neighborhoods have access to something most of us take
for granteda supermarket. An estimated 2 million people do not live
near a supermarket, which makes it harder and more expensive for
them to purchase food and costs their communities millions of
dollars in economic activity. The new video, Getting to Market,
describes why locating supermarkets in low- income communities is
so important and what obstacles prevent this essential economic
development. The interactive map offers local stakeholders detailed
information on the opportunities for supermarket placement and area
economic development. The focus is on 10 metropolitan areas across
the country.new video, Getting to Market,
Slide 16
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web
Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall
2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Don't believe Land Grants are
providing leadership and resources on local food systems? Have a
look at what's going on in North Carolina A sample of some of their
projects: Farmhand Foods, LLC A business development project geared
toward scaling the supply of local, pasture-raised meats.
(www.farmhandfoods.com) WFI: Wayne Food Initiative A
community-based food initiative in Wayne County
(www.waynefoods.org). RTI-CSA A workplace-supported agriculture
initiative at Research Triangle Institute (www.rti.org/csa). Farm
to Fork Statewide Initiative A yearlong exploration of action
opportunities for building a local, sustainable food system
(www.cefs.ncsu.edu/cefsfarmtofork/home.html) with stakeholders
across the state. Buy 10% Local Food Campaign A public education
initiative to encourage consumption of foods grown and raised in
North Carolina. SARE PDP Community-Based Food Systems Training Six
new local food projects now well underway in counties across the
state after the first year of training. First-year project teams
are currently training second-year project teams on building local
food systems. Sustainable Local Foods Advisory Council A new
statewide legislated body tasked to facilitate the development of a
sustainable local food economy in North Carolina. This report was
developed with leadership from the C.S. Mott Group for Sustainable
Food System at Michigan State University, the Food Bank Council of
Michigan and the Michigan Food Policy Council. This report, along
with the others in the series, provides the foundation for the
goals and agenda priorities put forth in the Michigan Good Food
Charter. From the Introduction: The good food problem we face is
that most of the infrastructure needed for local and regional
markets, which are growing, has washed out over the years like
neglected roads and bridges. We have invested instead in building a
superhighway to large national and global markets for Michigan food
and farm products. These investments came primarily since the
1940s, when public and industry policy began to focus on producing
food that is, as one industry insider describes it, fast,
convenient and cheap, and government and industry leaders advised
farms to get big or get out.
Slide 17
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web
Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall
2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Urban Agriculture: Growing Healthy,
Sustainable Places By Kimberley Hodgson, Marcia Caton Campbell, and
Martin Bailkey Urban agriculture is rising steadily in popularity
in the United States and Canadathere are stories in the popular
press, it has an increasingly central place in the growing local
food movement, and there is a palpable interest in changing urban
environments to foster both healthier residents and more
sustainable communities. From community and school gardens in small
rural towns and commercial farms in suburbs to rooftop gardens and
bee-keeping operations in dense cities, urban agriculture is
sprouting up across the country. This report provides authoritative
guidance for dealing with the opportunities and challenges faced by
cities and counties of varying sizes, economies, and locations in
supporting and expanding urban agriculture. Through case studies,
the report illustrates the range of local government efforts,
policies and programs both emerging and in place, and reveals the
differences among local governments in their approaches as they
respond to the needs of the urban agriculture community. For more
information about this new report, visit
http://planning.org/apastore/Search/Default.aspx?k=urban%20agriculturehttp://planning.org/apastore/Search/Default.aspx?k=urban%20agriculture
Regional Food System InfrastructureRegional Food System
Infrastructure NEW REPORT from the National Association of
Development Organizations (NADO) The Western North Carolina
Regional Livestock Center under construction (photo courtesy of WNC
Communities) Limited access to regional processing facilities,
slaughterhouses, dairy-bottling plants, cold-storage facilities,
auction markets and distribution hubs hampers growth among small-
and medium-size producers and limits their ability to offer their
products to the regional market at affordable prices. Facilities
that are needed in many regions to support regional food purchasing
include shareduse or cooperative facilities such as processing,
storage and distribution facilities, commercial kitchens or kitchen
incubators for small businesses, and mobile processing facilities.
Many regional development organizations (RDOs) and councils of
governments are exploring how they can develop and support regional
food systems infrastructure. Promoting small- and mid-size
agricultural operations offers numerous benefits to a region,
including sustained economic development, protection for regional
farmland and rural landscapes, and reduced vehicle miles traveled
(VMT) and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, sourcing food
that is locally or regionally grown fosters a better understanding
of food safety and supply issues in case of foodborne illnesses or
contaminationsomething that is harder to trace in global food
distribution networks. Finally, strengthening connections between
regional farmers and area consumers can advance community nutrition
and healthy living programs, such as farm-to-school projects and
initiatives that support low-income populations, seniors and
children. By developing partnerships with area farmers and other
stakeholders, RDOs can help to develop regional food systems
infrastructure that will support economic development initiatives
and other program goals.
Slide 18
Contents of this digital presentation are covered by US and
international Copyright 2011Valentine Hill Farm Selected Web
Resources LA301 Housing and Community Planning Design Studio Fall
2011 www.valentinehillfarm.com Kenyon College Food For Thought
Program Food for Thought is an initiative to build a sustainable
local market for foods produced in and around Knox County, Ohio.
Directed by the Rural Life Center at Kenyon College, this
collaborative effort is developing a countywide food system to
enable area farmers to market their products to individual
consumers and institutional buyers, including schools, hospitals,
restaurants, grocery stores, and caterers. Food for Thought
benefits its community by: offering farmers a stable and profitable
market for their products providing consumers with healthy, tasty,
and nutritious food educating the public about their food choices,
farming, and local rural life keeping more of the $130 million in
annual food purchases within the county supporting independent
businesses maintaining green space and rural character by
sustaining family farms Email: [email protected] Tel:
+1-740-427-5850 The director of the Rural Life Center is Howard
Sacks, senior advisor to the president and National Endowment for
the Humanities distinguished professor of sociology. Professor
Sacks wrote a commentary in the JAFSCD Issue 1 Volume 1 entitled
Why Arent There Any Turkeys at the Danville Turkey Festival? This
article includes a description of the innovations and
accomplishments of the Food for Thought program. Rural Life Center
at Kenyon College [email protected] Why Arent There Any Turkeys
at the Danville Turkey Festival?