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MODEL ESSAYSMODEL ESSAY 1 83MODEL ESSAY 2 84MODEL ESSAY 3 85MODEL ESSAY 4 86
PRACTICE TESTS
ECPE TEST 1 87ECPE TEST 2 101ECPE TEST 3 115ECPE TEST 4 129ECPE TEST 5 143ECPE TEST 6 157ECPE TEST 7 171 ECPE TEST 8 185ECPE TEST 9 199ECPE TEST 10 213
SPEAKING
SCORING RUBRIC 228TEST FORMAT 230INTERVIEW PREPARATION 231ANALYZING THE SPEAKING TEST FORMAT 232MODEL SPEAKING TEST 233USEFUL PHRASES 2358 SPEAKING TESTS 237
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY 242
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1 Phrasal Verbs 264
APPENDIX 2 Verbs/Adjectives/ Nouns + Prepositions 270 Prepositions + Phrases 274
IRREGULAR VERBS 276
ContentsPAGE PAGE
EXAM FACTS 3ECPE ANSWER SHEET 4
FOCUS 1 Non-continuous/Stative Verbs 6FOCUS 2 Present & Past Tenses 8 FOCUS 3 Future Tenses & Forms 11FOCUS 4 Habits - Have been/gone - Have yet - since/for - ago/before 14 FOCUS 5 Full/Bare Infinitive - Gerund 16
VOCABULARY CORNER 19
FOCUS 6 Infinitive/Gerund Forms - Participles 20FOCUS 7 Prepositions 23FOCUS 8 Modal Verbs (1) 25FOCUS 9 Modal Verbs (2) 27FOCUS 10 Passive Voice 30
VOCABULARY CORNER 34
FOCUS 11 Personal/Impersonal Construction 35FOCUS 12 Causative Form 37FOCUS 13 Reported Speech 40FOCUS 14 Nouns 43FOCUS 15 Determiners (1) 46
VOCABULARY CORNER 49
FOCUS 16 Determiners (2) 50FOCUS 17 Adjectives/Adverbs 53 FOCUS 18 Expressing Degree 56FOCUS 19 Condition 58FOCUS 20 Wishes - it’s time - would rather/ sooner - had better - prefer - as if/though 63
VOCABULARY CORNER 66
FOCUS 21 Subjunctive 67FOCUS 22 Inversion & Emphasis 69FOCUS 23 Clauses of Concession 73FOCUS 24 Clauses of Reason/Result/Purpose/ Manner 75FOCUS 25 Relative Clauses 78
VOCABULARY CORNER 82
LISTENING TRANSCRIPTS 278
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Exam FactsThe Certificate of Proficiency constitutes an official certification of knowledge of the English language at an advanced level. It is awarded by the University of Michigan, one of the leading U.S. universities in the field of linguistic research, with long-term experience in the establishment and development of a broad range of English language examinations. The University of Michigan’s Certificate of Proficiency is officially recognized by the Greek state as a language certification and by the private sector as a certification of knowledge of the English language.The examination for the University of Michigan’s Certificate of Proficiency has been specially designed for candidates who have reached a high level of English and have exceptionally well developed abilities in all four language skills. The content and degree of difficulty of the examination correspond to the language skills and abilities required of a university level adult. The exam content is set each year by the English Language Institute of the University of Michigan.
Breakdown of Final Examination
Assessment principles of the ECPE:
• Three section bands, High Pass, Pass, and Low Pass, are considered passing section levels. Two section bands, Borderline Fail and Fail, are considered failing section levels.
• Candidates who pass all four sections of the exam always pass the ECPE.
• Examinees who pass three sections with a Low Pass (or higher) and receive no less than a Borderline Fail in one section will be awarded an ECPE certificate (This change is effective as of May 2009 administration of the test).
ECPE Final Examination 2 hours 45 minutes – 3 hours
1. Writing. 30 minutes. Candidates choose between two subjects for their essay.
2. Listening. 35-40 minutes. 50 questions.
3. Grammar, Cloze, Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension. 75 minutes. 120 questions.
4. Speaking. 25-35 minutes. Face to face oral interaction between two candidates and two examiners.
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Focus 1Non-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative VerbsNon-continuous / Stative Verbs
STATIVE VERBS are not normally used in continuous (progressive) tenses. Such verbs refer to:
possession: have, own, possess, belong to
perception: hear, see, taste, smell, feel
thought processes: believe, think, forget, imagine, know, realize, suppose, recognize, wish, understand
preference: like, dislike, love, hate, admire, prefer, want
appearance: look, seem, appear, resemble
others: be, exist, consist of, apply to, depend on, need, remain, deserve, require, lack, owe, cost, involve, include, contain
When some of the above verbs are used in continuous tenses, their meaning changes. Look at the list below.
Ι see what you mean. I’m seeing Sue tomorrow. You look exhausted. She is looking at the photo.
I have two sisters. I’m having dinner/a shower. He appears to be friendly.The singer is appearing on stage tonight.
He comes from the US. He’s coming this afternoon. Sarah is very rude.Cut it out! You’re being very rude!
The milk smells strange. She’s smelling the roses. These jeans don’t fit me.The mechanic is fitting a new tire on my car.
The cake tastes wonderful. I’m tasting the soup. I enjoy reading books.We will be enjoying ourselves at the party tomorrow.
Your idea sounds great. He is sounding the alarm. The baby weighs 5 lbs.The doctor is weighing the baby.
Cashmere feels soft.I’m feeling in my pocket for some change.
I think you are right. What are you thinking about?
A. Underline the correct option.1. Wow, how amazing that roast beef is smelling / smells!
2. It was very rude of you to call Ben while he was having / had dinner.
3. Do you have / Are you having any idea what this strange liquid is consisting / consists of?
4. Terence is leaving for Ireland tomorrow. Are you seeing / Do you see him off at the airport?
5. Whether or not we succeed is depending / depends on everyone being committed to this project.
6. Really, I’m not seeing / I don’t see the point of all this secrecy over a birthday party!
B. Choose the correct option.1. I an appointment with the optometrist later today. a. have b. am having
2. This bracelet $150, but I was given a $50 discount. a. originally cost b. was originally costing
3. Why were you late ? We on you to be on time! a. depended b. were depending
4. How long you to type up all those letters? a. was it taking b. did it take
5. I honestly can’t myself taking a vacation this year. a. see b. be seeing
6. “How is your brother after the accident?” “He happens quite well, thanks.” a. to recover b. to be recovering
Sometimes there are uses where there is little difference in meaning: Compare:
- He seems/appears/happens to enjoy horror movies.
- He seems/appears/happens to be enjoying this horror movie.
- He seems/appears/happens to have enjoyed that horror movie.
- My tooth aches / hurts.
- I feel sad.
- You look well.
- I’ve been meaning/wanting to
talk to you.
- My tooth is aching / hurting.
- I’m feeling sad.
- You are looking well.
- I want to talk to you.
VS
VS
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1. Look at Leroy! He to what the teacher is saying. a. doesn’t listen b. isn’t listening
2. Can you please help me? I can’t seem to find the book I .
a. want b. am wanting
3. When the news about the terrible accident on the highway?
a. did you hear b. were you hearing
4. “What are you doing this afternoon Karen?” “ the neighbor’s children for about two hours.” a. I’m minding b. I mind
5. Please don’t tease Don; to criticism. a. he’s being sensitive b. he’s sensitive
6. Come round whenever you want; I waking up early. a. don’t mind b. am not minding
7. You have to finish that assignment whether you it or not.
a. like b. are liking
8. We much more money than this if we want to go on vacation.
a. are needing b. need
9. “How much are they?” “It on how many you want.” a. depends b. is depending
10. I’m sorry but we to come with you tomorrow. a. won’t be able b. aren’t being able
C. Select the word or phrase that needs to be corrected and write it correctly in the space provided. One sentence does not contain any mistakes.
E. Choose the correct option.
1. Mary (appear) to be exhausted. I (wonder) what she’s been up to.
2. Have you heard that Dianne (expect) a baby?
3. Mike (say) he’s 20 years old but I (not/believe) him.
4. What (you/think) of that film star? (you/not/enjoy) his films?
5. I can’t understand why Sharon (be) so pig-headed about this matter. She (be/usually) so open-minded.
6. Hey! The train (come) in on platform six. I (not/want) to miss its arrival.
7. Why (Geoffrey/taste) all the food? (he/think) he is a food critic?
8. We (have) a great time in Hawaii; the weather (be/absolutely) fantastic.
9. I (think) of redecorating the house this spring. What (you/think) I should do?
10. The rock band you (want) to see on stage (appear) at the Palladium tomorrow night.
D. Complete using Present Simple or Present Continuous.
1. AI’m hating to whine about this, but I Bam sick and tired Cof always being the
last one Dto hear any news around here!
2. Ever since people Aexisted on this planet, they Bhave been killing each other
without Crealizing that they Ddo themselves more and more harm every day.
3. It Aseems that while prices Bare increasing all the time, fewer and fewer consumers
Care believing that the situation can Dimprove in the near future.
4. I Adon’t feel comfortable telling Jane my plans because I Bdon’t think she
Ctrusts me enough to tell me what she Dis planning to do.
5. I Aam finding it unbelievable that you Bare accusing me Cof not being
sympathetic to your problems, when I am the only one who Dlistens to you.
A: I hate
D: are doing
C: believe
-
A: find
appears wonder
is expecting
says don’t believe
do you think Don’t you enjoy
is being is usually
is coming don’t want
is Geoffrey tasting Does he think
are having is absolutely
am thinking do you think
want is appearing
8
Focus 2Present and Past Tenses
• PRESENT SIMPLE • PRESENT CONTINUOUS- The clock strikes every hour, on the hour. (repeated action)- I always brush my teeth before I go to bed. (habit)- The earth revolves around the sun. (general truth)- The train departs at 8.00. (timetable)- The film makes use of excellent special effects and has a great cast. (reviews)- You whip the eggs and then add the sugar. (instructions)
- I’m talking on the phone, so I can’t answer you now. (action in progress)- I’m staying with Jill till I find my own apartment. (temporary state)- Environmental pollution is getting worse and worse. (changing situation)- My sister is always/forever/continually wearing my clothes! (annoyance)- We’re going out tonight if you want to come. (future arrangement)
• PRESENT PERFECT • PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS- I’ve had this car for ten years. (state that is true up until now)- Bill has just sent you a fax. (very recent action)- She has bought a new house. (unspecified time) - Oh no! I’ve lost my keys! (recent mishap)- This is the first/second time I have met him. (ordinal numbers)- This is the worst book I have ever read! (superlative form)- I’ve painted three pictures this week. (amounts/quantities)
- They have been buying products from us for over a decade. (action is still continuing)- Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? (result visible in present)- Have you been teasing your little brother again? (annoyance/irritation)- I’ve been painting since I was a teenager. (emphasis on duration)
• PAST SIMPLE • PAST CONTINUOUS - Shakespeare wrote many tragedies. (actions completed in past completed time)- He lived in Rome for five years. (past state) - He woke up, had breakfast and went to school. (successive actions in the past) - When I was young, I went jogging every day. (past habit) - The last time I saw her she looked exhausted. (specific time reference)
- We were having supper when you called. (action in progress at a specific point)- I was watering the plants while the boys were playing. (actions in progress simultaneously)- He was always/forever/constantly quarreling with his sister! (annoyance)- I was going/planning to visit my in-laws but something came up. (unfulfilled intention)
• PAST PERFECT • PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - I had had that car for 10 years before I sold it. (state that was true until a point in the past) - By the time I got to the library, it had closed. (action completed before a point in the past) - That was the first/second/only time I had met him.- That was the worst book I had ever read! (superlative form)
- I had been studying for an hour when the doorbell rang. (emphasis on duration before a specific point in the past) - My hands were dirty because I had been working on the car. (result visible in the past)
A. Choose the correct option. 1. “Why is Kathy so tired? It’s only 11:45.” “I think on her sales proposal all morning.” a. she worked c. she’d work b. she’s been working d. she’d worked
2. What on earth is wrong with Bill this morning? Why so unreasonably?
a. would he behave c. does he behave b. is he behaving d. had he been behaving
3. Of course I was furious! I for Jim for over an hour when he finally decided to show up!
a. waited c. would have been waiting b. have waited d. had been waiting
4. “Is this your first time in New York?” “No I here on business twice before.” a. have been c. had been b. was d. am
9
5. James Lovitt’s most recent book in a mythical land called ‘Taregoz’.
a. is set c. was being set b. had been set d. was set
6. Why in my bed again Harry? You know I hate you doing that!
a. had you been sleeping c. do you sleep b. you are sleeping d. have you been sleeping
7. “You seemed really happy when you bought that DVD.” “Yeah. I for it for a couple of weeks.” a. am looking c. had been looking b. have been looking d. were looking
8. “Would you like another drink?” “No thanks. three.” a. I’d already had c. I’ve already had b. I’ve yet had d. I’ll have had
9. I to invite the Smiths to our party, but they’ve gone away for the weekend.
a. have planned c. am planning b. was planning d. have been planning
10. “What did you do today?” “I had breakfast, the clothes, and went shopping.” a. was washing c. have washed b. had washed d. washed
B. Choose the best alternative to complete the gaps.The Great Depression, which (1) in the 1930s, (2) the worst period of unemployment and low business activity of the 20th century. It all began (3) , when stock values dropped very quickly. Many stockholders lost large amounts of money; banks, factories, and stores closed and left millions of Americans jobless and penniless.
The stock market crash followed a boom, which (4) from 1925 to 1929. During this period the price of common stocks on the New York Stock Exchange more than doubled. (5) stock values rose, many people were encouraged to buy stocks in the hope of making large profits.
(6) , on Oct 24, 1929, or ‘Black Thursday’ as it is known today, stock values dropped sharply. The Friday and Saturday (7) Black Thursday, stock prices remained steady, but on Monday stock prices fell once again. (8) Tuesday, October 29, the stockholders had started to panic and a record of 16,410,030 shares of stock had been sold by the end of the trading day.
The Great Depression’s financial catastrophe (9) not something one will easily forget, and fortunately (10) up to the present day. Millions of Americans (11) from diseases caused by malnutrition. People lost their homes because they (12) their mortgage payments up to date. In1932, at least 200,000 young people and 25,000 families (13)
the country looking for food, clothing, shelter, and work.
The Great Depression resulted in new laws that gave the government far more power than at any time in the history of America. One could say (14) the United States in ways that are still evident (15) .
1. a. occurred b. had occurred c. was occurring d. occurs
2. a. had been b. has been c. was d. will have been
3. a. in 1929 b. already c. before d. since 1929
4. a. has lasted b. had lasted c. lasted d. was lasting
5. a. If b. As c. Then d. However
6. a. So b. However c. In Fact d. Before
7. a. until b. before c. for d. after
8. a. By b. Then c. Following d. Since
9. a. has b. had c. is d. does
10. a. was not repeated b. had not been repeated c. has not been repeated d. was not being repeated
11. a. suffered b. have suffered c. suffer d. are suffering
12. a. lost b. weren’t making c. didn’t pay d. hadn’t kept
13. a. roam b. roamed c. would roam d. had roamed
14. a. its affected b. it’s effected c. it will affect d. it has affected
15. a. clearly b. since then c. today d. already
10
Last year, my boyfriend and I decided to take a trip to Rome, to celebrate our second anniversary. We
(1) (originally/think) it would be a good idea to book a budget hotel in the
center of the city, so we (2) (do) exactly that. What a mistake it (3) (turn out) to be!
It was after ten on the night we (4) (arrive), and there was no one to let us into the hotel,
even though we (5) (e-mail) them in advance to tell them we’d be arriving late. We then
(6) (call) the emergency number they (7) (give) us at the
time the booking was made, and were told to wait at the entrance for someone to arrive. While we
(8) (wait), some strange men (9) (approach) us and asked if we
(10) (need) a place to stay. I must admit, even to this day, I (11) (never/feel)
so frightened in my entire life, and (12) (hope) I never do again. They just (13) (look)
so sinister! Luckily, the hotel owner (14) (show up) just as the men started getting more insistent,
and even though we (15) (only/wait) on the hotel steps for 10 minutes, I can’t tell you
how relieved I was to see him.
All in all, we (16) (have) a wonderful trip, but we made sure we were back before nine every
evening. Ever since then, I (17) (insist) on spending a little extra on accommodation and
staying in safer areas. My boyfriend, however, (18) (have) another opinion. He told me that he
(19) (actually/enjoy) the sense of danger we experienced.
We’re planning another trip to Hungary now, but unfortunately we (20) (argue) for
the last week about where we should stay.
1. She hasn’t taken a day off for over a month.
It’s a day off.
2. This is Betty’s first visit to an indoor aquarium.
Betty before.
3. Most of the staff went home before the votes were counted.
When the votes
home.
4. When the boss arrived, I was on my coffee break.
I cup of coffee
when the boss arrived.
5. I was hired by this bank eight months ago.
I eight months.
6. My ex-wife hasn’t called me for over a month.
The last time
.
7. There’s a huge party at Jenny’s house tomorrow night.
Jenny house
tomorrow night.
8. Is that old-fashioned typewriter yours?
Does ?
9. We moved to the suburbs last spring.
We since last spring.
10. I was charged $500 to service my car.
The .
C. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
D. Complete using the appropriate Present or Past Tense.
Julie
PaulRome
over a month since she took
has never been to/visited an indoor aquarium
were counted, most of the staff had
(already) gone
was having/drinking a
have been working at/for this bank for
my ex-wife called me was over a month
ago
is having/throwing a huge party at her
that old-fashioned typewriter belong to you
have been living in the suburbs
service to my car cost (me) $500
originally thought/had originally thought
did turned out
arrived
had e-mailed
called had given
were waiting approached
needed have never felt
hope looked
showed up
had only been waiting
had
have insisted
has
actually enjoyed / had actually enjoyed
have been arguing
19
• remember vs remind - Could you please me to pick up my clothes from the dry-cleaner’s tomorrow morning? I always
too late in the afternoon, after closing hours.• consider vs regard - Who do you to be the best applicant for this post? - I’ve always Tim as a very good friend.• sensible vs sensitive - I turned Jake down when he asked me out. Unfortunately, he’s such a person that I’m afraid I may have hurt
his feelings. - It would be a idea to consult an expert before making such an important decision.• past vs passed - It was rude to walk right Janet without talking to her. I’ve her on the street many times and she
always says hello to me.• among vs between - If I had to decide my parents, I’d say my mother was closer to me. - It was easy to pick Jake out the guests; he was the only one wearing jeans.• after vs afterwards - There’s nothing worse than getting compliments from someone and then hearing insulting comments behind your back
. - a good night’s sleep, I’m sure you’ll be in a better state to decide.• weather vs whether - “I’m not sure the guests will arrive in time for the ceremony.” “Well, considering the terrible conditions, I’ll be surprised if they make it at all.”• hear vs listen beat vs win - Did you the latest news? Our team last year’s champions and now we’re advancing to the finals! - It was difficult to believe that such a short skinny boy could the karate championship. - Pipe down in there! I’m trying to to the game on the radio.• lie vs lay let vs leave - I’m afraid your mother will not you go to tonight’s dance since you to us about where you were
last night. - On the table three plates made of the most expensive china. - I’m trying to study so stop bothering me and me alone.• rent vs hire - Our budget does not give us room to any new employees this year. - Since we can’t afford to buy a house, we’ve decided to an apartment for the time being.• rob vs steal - “How could anyone money from their own mother?” - “Perhaps her son didn’t do it and she was by someone who looked like him.”
1. “Aren’t you kids ready ?” “Yes, dad, we’re . Well,... almost - Brenda is still getting dressed.”
“Well go and tell her to hurry up. I’ve been waiting for half an hour!”
2. The choir children tried to sing the song , but some sang a little faster than others.3. It seems that I use to try to convince Tara has just the opposite effect. 4. We were too exhausted to go to the movies. And , there wasn’t anything good on.
anyway - any way - all together - altogether - already - all ready - yet
Vocabulary CornerA. Complete with the appropriate word in the correct form.
B. Complete with the words/phrases from the box.
remind remember
consider regarded
sensitive
sensible
past passed
between among
afterwards After
whether weather
hear beat win listen
let lied
lay leave
hire rent
steal robbed
yet
all ready
already
all together
any way
altogether anyway
84
MODEL ESSAY 2 - Expressing OpinionWhat do you consider to be more important when choosing a future career: one that satisfies you and that you love doing, or one that offers a high salary and good working conditions? Support your argument with specific examples.
In most developed countries, many students enjoy the privilege of attending university or college, where
it is up to the individual to decide which career they would like to follow. Some base their choice on good
remuneration and working conditions, while others base it on job satisfaction. Personally, I believe that the
former are more important when choosing a career for various reasons.
First of all, earning a good salary is of the utmost importance as it gives you the opportunity to improve your
standard of living. With the money you earn from your job, you can buy a car and a home, start and raise
a family, go on relaxing weekend trips and long vacations, and take up hobbies and leisure activities that
are so necessary for your peace of mind. Of course, money does not buy happiness, but in today’s society,
keeping your head above water and saving for a rainy day certainly make you feel secure and help reduce
stress levels.
Furthermore, the working conditions that prevail in the field must also be considered when choosing a career.
No one wants to have to worry about being gravely injured or contracting a serious illness when on the job.
Thus, it cannot be denied that there is a higher demand for careers that offer good working conditions than
there is for those that do not. For example, being an office worker in a well-lit, cozy, air-conditioned office is
much more comfortable than doing menial, dangerous work outdoors in the heat, rain or cold.
However, there are those who claim that you will never be happy in your career if you do not love the work
you do. I believe that there could be a clear division between what one does for work and what one does for
pleasure. Ideally, work would give one pleasure, but very few jobs truly offer this. If there is something that
you really enjoy doing, it could be done for the sheer joy of it, not to make money.
In conclusion, it would be ideal if one’s career were both well-paid and enjoyable. However, since this is rarely
the case, I feel that we should first focus on satisfying our physical needs and then our emotional ones.
87
WRITING Write on one of the topics given below. If you write about something else, your paper will not be graded. If you do not understand the topics, ask the examiner to explain them. You will be graded on the clarity of your writing and the linguistic range and accuracy you show. Write one-and-a-half to two pages. You may make any corrections or other changes in the body of the composition.
TOPICS:1. Lately, as more and more people become disillusioned with the conventional healthcare system, they are turning to
alternative methods. However, many others argue that alternative methods are scientifically unsound and ineffective. Which system do you think is more beneficial: conventional or alternative medicine? Discuss, giving specific examples to support your point of view.
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2. In the future, we will have more and more leisure time as machines will be able to carry out many of the tasks we do at home and work. Discuss the benefits this will bring as well as the problems it may cause.
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ECPE TEST 1
Conventional medicine is preferred by many because:
- the results are usually immediate: whether it be an aspirin to relieve a headache or surgery to correct a health issue, the problem is
usually solved at once
- it is grounded in science: considerable research and experiments are conducted to support the findings upon which orthodox medicine is based
- it is supported by most governments and health insurance plans: many treatments are thus offered free of charge. Alternative medicine
therapies are generally not covered and can be very expensive.
Many are turning to alternative medicine because:
- it has existed for centuries in many different forms: some therapies such as Traditional Chinese Medicine have developed over thousands of years
- results may not be scientifically proven, but they have worked for many centuries
- there are no harmful side effects since most therapies are natural: conventional medicines can be carcinogenic or even cause a heart attack
and thus be more dangerous than the ailment they aim to cure
- alternative medicine addresses the individual as a whole and endeavors to treat the root of the problem, not just the symptom. It is based
on the belief that individuals should enjoy full health, whereas conventional medicine finds it natural that humans get ill, and is a business
that ultimately profits from human illness.
Indicative Conclusion: Both types of therapy are useful and essential, but it is preferable to use alternative therapies whenever possible to avoid
harmful side effects and strive to improve one’s physical condition in general.
Benefits of machines which can do our work:
- many household chores such as cleaning and ironing are simply tedious and time-consuming: it would be ideal if we did not have to occupy
ourselves with them so we would have time to spend with our children, take up hobbies, do sports, live more fulfilling lives, etc.
- as computers become more advanced, they can execute more complex duties: correct files, organize information, recommend solutions,
automatically reply to clients, etc.; this leaves employees with more time to do more creative work – perhaps the working week will be
reduced or retirement age can be lowered since companies would be making the same profits with fewer hours of work from employees
Possible problems with machinery taking over tasks:
- at home we may become lazier – doing housework keeps us in shape – no machine will ever be able to do the work as carefully or efficiently
as a human who cares about the house and family’s possessions
- as more and more tasks are taken over by computers in professional fields, jobs are being replaced by automated machines and
unemployment is constantly rising. Profits are rarely used for the benefit of employees. People also lose the ability to execute simple tasks
on their own as they come to rely on computers and machines.
Indicative Conclusion: Despite the many benefits machines can offer us, there will always be the danger that they will take over our lives and we
will become overly dependent upon them.
88
ECPE TEST 1LISTENING test 1This part of the examination is a listening test that will assess your understanding of spoken English. The listening test has three parts. There are 50 questions. Mark all your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do not make any stray marks on the answer sheet. If you change your mind about an answer, erase your first answer completely.
part 1In this part of the test, you will hear a short conversation. From the three answer choices given, choose the answer which means the same as you hear, or that is true based on what you hear. For problems 1 through 17, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. No problem can be repeated. Please listen carefully. Do you have any questions?
1. a. They are in an elevator. b. They are at a hospital. c. They are riding a bus.
2. a. He was expecting a letter. b. He will have to pay for the package. c. He has to wait for his books.
3. a. She’s afraid he might not like them. b. She wants him to cook the food. c. She is reluctant to share.
4. a. His total phone bill has doubled. b. She questions the service they were billed for. c. She thinks he made a bad investment.
5. a. She is out of business cards. b. Her business cards were not designed by him. c. She gets a good deal by printing his business cards in bulk.
6. a. The woman is not authorized to return the man’s money. b. The man will have to go online for technical support. c. The man’s software needs to be upgraded.
7. a. The man wants a sample. b. The man wants to talk with someone. c. The man wants the woman to drop off some items.
8. a. He has rebutted the woman’s claims. b. He has lost faith in the government. c. He supports the financial incentive.
9. a. The woman invited her mother due to health concerns. b. The man is suspicious of his mother-in-law’s intentions. c. The woman wants to accompany her mother on the trip.
10. a. The man is being evasive. b. The woman has doubts about the man’s sincerity. c. The man is confident of his actions.
11. a. They are arguing about the brand of laundry powder to buy. b. The woman wants the man to use less detergent in the laundry. c. The man feels his efforts are unappreciated.
12. a. The woman dislikes the man’s selection of fruit. b. The man is aware he bought the wrong items. c. The woman claims the fruit has gone bad.
13. a. He will have to turn down Bill and Susan. b. She has implied Bill and Susan are welcome to come. c. The man claims there is ample food.
14. a. Their service was interrupted owing to lack of payment. b. The problem has been solved. c. They are the only ones experiencing a blackout.
15. a. They have no choice but to pay the mechanic. b. She will look for spare parts in the newspaper. c. They will consider buying a new car. 16. a. He claims they don’t take credit cards. b. She will have to pay in cash. c. He can’t sell her the item she wants.
17. a. He doesn’t have a prescription with him. b. He will visit another pharmacist. c. He wants a second medical opinion.
89
ECPE TEST 1
18. a. Sure, it’s a quarter to five. b. I’m innocent I tell you! c. It’s up ahead, about three blocks.
19. a. A window must be open. b. I’ll turn up the oven. c. I’ll have a mug of draft.
20. a. No, they’re already on. b. No, that controls the electric socket below. c. No, I think you are on target.
21. a. It won first prize in the show. b. If you have a better suggestion, tell me, please. c. The thing is, I’m not satisfied.
22. a. Of course I do. b. We’ll have to find a priest quickly. c. I couldn’t be happier dear.
23. a. Yes, it provides protection from the sun. b. Look, it’s adjustable. c. It has an extra large bill.
24. a. They make good pets. b. They tend to wilt in the summer. c. They need to be aired out at least once a month.
25. a. It’s really longer than I care to drive without stopping. b. But it’s already an exact duplicate. c. There’s not enough room on the target hard disk.
26. a. He’s on the other line. b. Ok, we’ll be quiet. c. Sorry for the mess.
27. a. Yes, we had it financed. b. I usually do portrait work. c. No, I hired a crew.
28. a. It’s on the wall. b. Just about an hour ago. c. That’s exactly what I said!
29. a. Lack of participation, I think. b. We couldn’t use the coupon. c. The game was rained out.
30. a. I’m all dressed up with nowhere to go. b. It’s the luck of the draw, I tell you. c. I’m rarin’ and ready to go.
31. a. My car is running fine now. b. That’s not in my job description. c. I’m out of the office at the moment.
32. a. I usually land on my feet. b. I was scared out of my wits. c. It really is an honor to meet you.
33. a. I’ve already seen it on the news. b. Sorry, I can’t move it at all. c. I’ve just settled in for the evening.
34. a. There is no down payment required. b. I’d say about two grand. c. Three o’clock on the dot.
35. a. Yeah, she is doing much better. b. Not from my point of view. c. You’ll find your keys in her room.
LISTENING test 1 - part 2In this part of the test, you will hear a question or statement. From the three answer choices given, choose the one which best answers the question. For problems 18 through 35, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. No problem can be repeated. Please listen carefully. Do you have any questions?
90
ECPE TEST 1LISTENINGtest 1 - part 3In this part, you will hear three short segments from a radio program. The program is called “Learning from the Experts”. You will hear what three different radio guests have to say about three different topics. Each talk lasts about two minutes. As you listen, you may want to take some notes to help you remember information given in the talk. Write your notes in this test booklet. After each talk, you will be asked some questions about what was said. From the three answer choices given, you should choose the one that best answers the question according to the information you heard. Remember, no problems can be repeated. For questions 36 through 50, mark all your answers on the separate answer sheet. Do you have any questions? Now you will hear the first segment.
SEGMENT 1 36. What does the reporter suggest about the public?
a. They don’t know where the rainforests are located.
b. They are confused about their connection with global warming.
c. They do not think the rainforests are important.
37. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. The loss of the rainforests is actually more critical an issue than global warming.
b. Humans are mainly responsible for the loss of the rainforests.
c. Global warming has had no impact on the rainforests.
38. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Fifteen percent of the world’s rainforests have disappeared.
b. Today, rainforests cover less than 6% of the Earth’s land surface.
c. In a hundred years from now, 6 to 15 percent of the rainforests will have vanished.
39. Why are the rainforests referred to as the “lungs of our planet”?
a. because one fifth of the Earth’s water supply is found there
b. because of the oxygen that is produced there
c. because 20% of the planet is covered with rainforests
40. What is “amazing” to the expert? a. Only 1% of rainforest plants
produce over 120 prescription drugs.
b. One-half of the medications in the world are derived from rainforest plants.
c. Over 3000 rainforest plants can fight against cancer.
SEGMENT 2 41. Why is this report being given? a. to inform people of their health
options b. to explain how the virus is
spread c. to educate people about the
change in the alert status regarding the virus
42. Why is the expert concerned about the information on the virus?
a. There is too much information available, not all of which is understood.
b. Information found on the Internet is often dangerous.
c. The public is being lied to intentionally.
43. What does the term “pandemic” suggest about a virus?
a. It can be fatal in some cases. b. It is spreading in at least two
regions. c. The number of victims doubles
or triples each day.
44. Who does the expert refer to as “people with masks on”?
a. those who may be panicking over the situation
b. doctors and researchers working with the World Health Organization
c. those who have contracted the virus from public places
45. What does the expert suggest? a. The H1N1 virus has mutated. b. A “phase 6” alert means the
virus has grown deadlier. c. Swine flu has not been as
deadly as ordinary flu.
SEGMENT 3 46. What does the reporter suggest about “Dracula”?
a. The character may really exist in the Americas.
b. The story has impacted on the truth about vampire bats.
c. The legend did not include any mention of vampire bats.
47. According to the expert, the term “vampire bat” refers to any bat that ...
a. consumes blood. b. has fangs. c. inhabits the Americas.
48. Which of the following represents the subfamily of bat to which vampire bats belong?
a. the White-winged bat b. the Hairy-legged bat c. the American leaf-nosed bat
49. What purpose do the “thermoreceptors” have in the vampire bat’s nose?
a. They locate its prey. b. They regulate blood
temperature. c. They find sources of blood.
50. What is unique about the “common vampire” bat?
a. It often attacks from the ground. b. Its blood does not clot. c. It does not attack humans.
Listening Score: /50
91
ECPE TEST 1GRAMMAR51. “How are you going to get by on such a low salary?” “I’ll just have to cut back spending and a second
job.” a. consider to get c. have considered to get b. consider getting d. considering getting
52. Don’t worry about Cathy in her new job; she’s the person I have ever met.
a. most well-adjusted c. adjusted best b. nicely adjusted d. nicest adjusted
53. James is a workaholic; he hasn’t been home on a weekend for .
a. the end of the month c. a month’s end b. months on end d. months’ ends
54. The store became as the day continued. a. too much busy c. very much busy b. more and more busier d. busier and busier
55. “Why didn’t you shake hands when you met?” “Because in the East it’s not .” a. customary c. customers b. customs d. custom
56. The women were waiting on the beach all day . a. for the fishermen returning b. the fishermen have returned c. for the fishermen to return d. to return the fishermen
57. “Why is the Minister’s secretary being investigated by the authorities?”
“Because he be involved in a big scandal.” a. may have well c. could very well b. could very much d. may well have
58. The documentary we saw was so sad that we couldn’t help .
a. to crying c. to cry b. by crying d. but cry
59. I’ve told my husband not to be so hard on the children.
a. many of times c. that many a time b. the so many times d. many a time
60. Traditionally, this school by donations and the tuition fees students pay.
a. has supported c. is supported b. was supporting d. supports
61. “What if I don’t understand a question on this test?” “Don’t worry. any problems, just raise your hand
and I will help you.” a. Should you have c. Have you had b. Would you have had d. Were you to have
62. Would you believe that every piece of wood in this house was cut by hand?
a. use c. using b. that used d. used 63. “I’m tired of taking the bus to work every day.” “I wish I had a car give you a ride.” a. that I can c. so that I can b. that I could d. so that I could
64. People saw their retirement savings during the financial crisis.
a. evaporating and jobs disappear b. evaporating and jobs to disappear c. evaporate and jobs disappear d. to evaporate and jobs to disappear 65. When traveling abroad, a foreign language is
helpful. a. the understanding c. being understood b. understand d. understanding
66. Scientists have found appears to be a new species of plant. a. what c. which b. it d. what it
67. Allegations were made about our accountant; , a meticulous investigation found him innocent.
a. though c. besides b. nevertheless d. hence
68. Don’t you think that Neville younger than he is? a. is appearing c. appears to be b. he appears d. appears being
69. This conference room is nowhere near for the guests; we’ll have to find another one.
a. big c. too big b. big enough d. enough big
70. “Did you change your plans?” “Yes, I decided to go to a movie my assignment.” a. instead to doing c. instead of doing b. instead from doing d. instead I did
92
ECPE TEST 171. My grades fell so much last semester that I to do
some serious studying. a. had needed c. am needing b. have needed d. need
72. The major drawback of credit cards many times in our first year Economics class.
a. was discussed c. was discussed about b. were discussed about d. were discussed
73. Damien only needs to read this lesson once Carol needs to go through it at least three times.
a. but c. in case b. although d. besides
74. “Which jacket is yours?” “The one over there is mine.” a. brown old-looking leather b. leather old-looking brown c. old-looking brown leather d. leather brown old-looking 75. “Does John have to go home or can he stay for the
afternoon?”
“He can stay, but I only ask because I have a lot of work to do.”
a. he could be quiet c. his being quiet b. to be quiet d. he be quiet
76. “Will we go out for dinner after all?” “I’ll pick you up at 7, ?” a. will you c. can I b. shall I d. can you
77. All the characters in this novel are purely . a. fictionalized c. fictional b. fiction d. frictitiously 78. “DVDs are better than videos.” “We’ll buy a DVD player someday, but for the time being
we’ll have to videos.” a. do with c. make do with b. make with d. have done with
79. My father isn’t home yet, but when he gets here, I’ll you at the office.
a. make him to call c. have his calling b. have him to call d. get him to call
80. It’s not that I don’t like the food at this eatery, it’s just what I’m used to.
a. different from c. different of b. more different than d. differently to
81. “Have you heard the latest news about our neighbors?” “No, I haven’t. And I’m not interested in
your gossip.” a. the least bit c. at least b. in the last d. the bit
82. “I’m going out with Tim tonight.” “I know, and I wish you .” a. wasn’t c. weren’t b. didn’t d. hadn’t
83. If my clock hadn’t been slow, I in time for our meeting yesterday.
a. had been c. couldn’t have been b. would have been d. have been
84. “Isn’t Diana here yet?” “No. She to meet me here an hour ago.” a. supposed c. had been supposed b. had supposed d. was supposed
85. , the students must put their best foot forward if they want to get through the exam.
a. Needless to say c. Needless it is said b. Pointless to say d. Useless to say
86. “Can you carry that table by yourself?” “Yes, since it’s even a child could do it.” a. as light as c. so light as b. so light that d. as light
87. We don’t need to buy a new sofa; I think we have we need.
a. all the furniture c. that furniture b. enough furniture d. all furniture
88. “Did Tina finally show up last night?” “Yes, than she finally came.” a. you sooner hadn’t left c. the sooner you had left b. no sooner you had left d. no sooner had you left
89. You’ve spilled coffee all over the table again! You be more careful in future.
a. had better c. had rather b. would like to d. would sooner
90. “I haven’t cooked anything for dinner.” “That’s okay. We can either eat out just have
sandwiches.” a. or c. and b. so d. nor
Grammar Score: /40
93
Gough Island is the perfect place for sea birds to (91) their young.
It is one of the most remote places in the South Atlantic and its ecosystem
is ideal for the 22 bird species that breed on the island. But it is not
(92) unspoilt. In the mid-19th century when whalers came ashore,
a few tiny house mice scurried off their ships and (93) Gough Island
their home.
The absence of predators that once enabled sea birds to (94) on
the island has also (95) the mouse population to soar to nearly two
million. To make matters worse, the mice have evolved quickly, growing to
three times their usual (96) and developing a taste for bird chicks.
The giant mice gnaw through the nests and attack the helpless chicks,
(97) parents are unable to fight them off as they have (98)
experience with predators.
If left unchecked, the mice are (99) to bring several of these rare
bird species to extinction. Therefore, the island’s authorities have set
(100) $100,000 in an attempt to rid the island of the mice.
91. a. grow c. raise b. attend d. breed
92. a. enough c. only b. completely d. hardly
93. a. found c. gave b. had d. made
94. a. thrive c. establish b. inhabit d. boost
95. a. demanded c. seen b. let d. allowed
96. a. amount c. area b. predator d. size
97. a. whose c. provided b. but d. their
98. a. this c. few b. no d. any
99. a. bound c. suitable b. probable d. capable
100. a. apart c. aside b. up d. down
ECPE TEST 1CLOZE 1
Cloze Score: /20
This passage is about Gough Island.
What Westerners eat is a topic that should not be taken (101) .Studies on obesity in Europe and the United States have found that the rate of obesity among adults has (102) than doubled since 1980. Furthermore, the obesity rate among children, (103) those as young as 3, has also risen alarmingly.
This obesity ‘epidemic’, however, has also been accompanied by an increased focus on healthy eating and lifestyle choices. Nutrition education has been making (104) way into the public domain. Articles in magazines and newspapers, commercials on television and discussions in school classrooms are (105) of the ways that government authorities and health educators are increasing (106) among the general public.
But this fight to educate the public about healthy lifestyle choices can get (107) in the wealth of unhealthy products we encounter every day. Not only are we surrounded by unhealthy foods, but we are also bombarded with unhealthy messages about food. We may not (108) close attention to billboards showing happy models drinking creamy coffees, or commercials (109) which sports fans are watching a game while eating a bucket of deep-fried chicken, (110) they certainly do have an impact on what we believe we should be eating.
101. a. equally c. evenly b. lightly d. calmly
102. a. other c. further b. more d. rather
103. a. even c. with b. as d. of
104. a. by c. the b. this d. its
105. a. any c. some b. aware d. one
106. a. development c. beliefs b. health d. awareness
107. a. interested c. taken b. lost d. beaten
108. a. pay c. have b. show d. take
109. a. with c. in b. through d. to
110. a. and c. so b. which d. but
CLOZE 2 This passage is about nutrition.
94
111. Scientists are trying to break new in the fight against diabetes.
a. fields b. ground c. soil d. earth
112. Our annual sales convention in a week. a. foregoes b. commences c. persists d. designates
113. Damien commutes for over an hour every day as he
lives on the of the city.
a. outskirts b. suburbs c. frontier d. center
114. The director is looking to utilize a progressive team of people who are to new ideas.
a. tolerant b. appreciative c. resistant d. receptive
115. The rescue teams are still searching the for any survivors.
a. rubble b. plaudit c. damage d. decree
116. James will do anything to please Vicky. She’s got him
eating out of .
a. the driver’s seat b. the grapevine c. her hand d. cloud nine
117. The invitation arrived ; three days after the seminar was held.
a. awkwardly b. belatedly c. genially d. perpetually
118. Even though Carol didn’t study very hard, it is still that she will pass the test.
a. conceivable b. considerable c. liable d. obtainable
119. The journalist was with protest letters after the publication of his controversial article.
a. infested b. smothered
c. immersed d. inundated
120. Her distraught parents finally managed to doing business with the swindler.
a. see her off b. turn her out of c. put her into d. talk her out of
121. What is the behind the company’s change in strategy?
a. propriety b. impetus c. reflection d. incarnation
122. Being a teacher a good deal of patience, understanding and hard work.
a. requests b. speculates c. requires
d. depends
123. Our company did very well this year and our annual went up by nearly $150,000.
a. expenses b. accounts c. turnover d. absenteeism
124. If you the potatoes and cut them up, I’ll make the French fries.
a. mash b. peel c. dice d. scratch
ECPE TEST 1VOCABULARY
χωράφι, πεδίο, τομέας
έκφ. ανοίγω νέους ορίζοντες, καινοτομώ
έδαφος, χώμα, γη
(ο πλανήτης) γη, έδαφος, χώμα
παραιτούμαι, απέχω από
ξεκινώ, αρχίζω
εμμένω (πεισματικά) επιμένω
καθορίζω, ορίζω, χαρακτηρίζω
(pl.) περίχωρα
προάστια
σύνορο, μεθόριος
κέντρο, επίκεντρο, ‘πυρήνας’
ανεκτικός
ευγνώμων
που αντιστέκεται/αντέχει, ανθεκτικός
δεκτικός, επιδεκτικός
χαλάσματα
επευφημίες
ζημιά, φθορά, βλάβη, (pl.) αποζημίωση
διάταγμα, δικαστική απόφαση
(be in ~) είμαι σε θέση ισχύος, έχω το πάνω χέρι
(hear sth on/through the ~) μαθαίνω από φήμες
υπακούω κπ τυφλά
(be on ~) πλέω σε πελάγη ευτυχίας
άβολα, αδέξια, αμήχανα
καθυστερημένα, αργοπορημένα
καλοσυνάτα, εγκάρδια
ασταμάτητα, αδιάκοπα, συνεχώς
πιθανός, δυνατός, κατανοητός
σημαντικός, αρκετός, αξιόλογος
(for/to) υπεύθυνος, υπόλογος, επιρρεπής
αποκτήσιμος, διαθέσιμος
μαστίζω, κατακλύζω
προκαλώ ασφυξία, πνίγω, καταστέλλω
βυθίζω
κατακλύζω, πλημμυρίζω
ξεπροβοδίζω
διώχνω, πετώ έξω από
(~ sth into practice/effect) βάζω σε εφαρμογή
μεταπείθω
ευπρέπεια, κοσμιότητα, καλή συμπεριφορά
κινητήρια δύναμη, ορμή, ώθηση
αντικατοπτρισμός, αντανάκλαση, σκέψη
ενσάρκωση, προσωποποίηση
ζητώ, αιτούμαι, παρακαλώ
πιθανολογώ, υποθέτω, εικάζω
προϋποθέτω, χρειάζομαι, απαιτώ
(on) εξαρτώμαι από, βασίζομαι σε
έξοδα, δαπάνες
λογαριασμός, περιγραφή
τζίρος
αποχή, απουσία
πολτοποιώ, κάνω πουρέ
ξεφλουδίζω, αποφλοιώνω
κόβω σε κύβους
γρατσουνίζω, ξύνω, γδέρνω
95
125. Government incentives now help homeowners renewable energy devices in their houses.
a. contain b. install
c. establish d. implement
126. Katherine’s a really speaker; it’s a pleasure listening to her lectures.
a. long b. articulate c. divergent d. cryptic
127. The long bus drive in the tropical midday heat made all the tourists .
a. sluggish b. alert c. agile d. squeamish
128. The President of the company denied the accusations made against him.
a. permissively b. virtuously
c. innately d. vehemently
129. All the files you need to read through for your presentation are neatly on that table.
a. stacked b. lured c. restrained d. crouched
130. The young man never in his determination to establish his own business.
a. endowed b. wavered
c. eroded d. speculated
131. “I could do with something to eat.” “Me too. Those snacks we had have really my
appetite.”
a. inspired b. honed
c. whetted d. motivated
132. Were you aware that the bridge across this river almost four kilometers?
a. repeals
b. radiates
c. paces
d. spans
133. NASA uses the unique point of space to improve prediction of climate, weather, and natural hazards.
a. convenience
b. location
c. vantage
d. magnified
134. You’ve still got time to send in your application. The
is tomorrow.
a. heritage
b. deadline
c. elevation
d. pedigree
135. The students’ poor participation in the charity event
a clear lack of interest on their part.
a. revealed
b. depicted
c. attributed
d. declined
136. The physicist’s theory on nuclear fusion was by later research.
a. dispensed
b. disregarded
c. dissuaded
d. discredited
137. Hey, in there - I’m trying to study for my exam!
a. pipe down
b. sit up
c. let go
d. log on
138. It’s our duty to natural resources such as trees by enforcing reforestation policies.
a. contribute
b. replenish
c. diminish
d. include
ECPE TEST 1
(εμ)περιέχω, περιορίζω
εγκαθιστώ
ιδρύω, καθιερώνω
εφαρμόζω, εκτελώ, πραγματοποιώ
μακροσκελής, εκτενής
με ευφράδεια, σαφής, κατανοητός
αποκλίνων, αντίθετος
απόκρυφος, αινιγματικός, δυσνόητος
νωθρός, οκνηρός
ξύπνιος, σε εγρήγορση/επιφυλακή
ευκίνητος, σβέλτος, εύστροφος
που σιχαίνεται εύκολα
ανεκτικά, χαλαρά
ενάρετα, αγαθά
έμφυτα, εγγενώς, φυσικά
σφόδρα, έντονα, βίαια
στοιβάζω
σαγηνεύω, δελεάζω, παρασύρω
περιορίζω, συγκρατώ
σκύβω λυγίζοντας τα γόνατα
(with) προικίζω, επιχορηγώ
αμφιταλαντεύομαι, διστάζω, κάμπτομαι
διαβρώνω, αποσαθρώνω
εικάζω, πιθανολογώ, υποθέτω
εμπνέω
ακονίζω, τροχίζω
έκφ. ανοίγω την όρεξη κπ, (ακονίζω, μτφ. εξάπτω)
παρακινώ, συνιστώ/παρέχω κίνητρο
ανακαλώ, ακυρώνω, καταργώ
ακτινοβολώ, εκπέμπω ακτίνες
βηματίζω, πηγαινοέρχομαι
εκτείνομαι (σε μήκος)
άνεση, ευκολία, διευκόλυνση
τοποθεσία, τόπος, θέση, εντοπισμός
πλεονεκτική θέση (point of ~)
που έχει μεγεθυνθεί
κληρονομιά
διορία, προθεσμία
αν-/εξύψωση, προαγωγή, προβιβασμός
καταγωγή, γενεαλογικό δέντρο, (εκλεκτή)
ράτσα ζώων
αποκαλύπτω, φανερώνω, δείχνω
απεικονίζω, ’δείχνω’, αναπαριστώ
(sth to) αποδίδω σε
παρακμάζω, φθίνω, αρνούμαι
(with) ξεφορτώνομαι, κάνω χωρίς
αγνοώ, δε λαμβάνω υπόψιν, περιφρονώ
αποτρέπω, μεταπείθω
αμφισβητώ, δυσφημώ, μειώνω το κύρος
“βγάζω το σκασμό”, σωπαίνω
σηκώνομαι (από κάθισμα)
απολύω, αφήνω, τα παρατάω
συνδέομαι σε λογαριασμό στο internet
(to) συνεισφέρω σε, συντελώ, συμβάλλω
αναπληρώνω, ανεφοδιάζω, ανανεώνω
μειώνω-ομαι, ελαττώνω-ομαι, λιγοστεύω
(συμ)περιλαμβάνω
96
139. You will your eyes reading in such bad light.
a. sprain
b. drain
c. wither
d. strain
140. Nick is usually very calm, but he loses his when
he has to give a speech.
a. menace
b. diversion
c. composure
d. participation
141. When the minister of finance reduced spending, the
whole educational system went .
a. downhill
b. downstairs
c. downtown
d. downstream
142. They had to make some to their schedule due to
unforeseen circumstances.
a. interventions
b. adjustments
c. projections
d. supplements
143. The President has recently an increase in funding
for AIDS research.
a. elevated
b. measured
c. authorized
d. empowered
144. Only five minutes to go and our team are two points
down. Do you think they’ll it off?
a. pull
b. get
c. take
d. set
145. The discovery of penicillin was hailed as a great
scientific .
a. breakthrough
b. meticulousness
c. obstinacy
d. upshot
146. Tracy has a lot for her - she’s healthy, smart, attractive and well-educated.
a. taking
b. coming
c. bringing
d. going
147. Unfortunately, his efforts to expand the company
proved to be .
a. desolate
b. calamitous
c. predominant
d. systematic
148. Let’s go home now. We’ll do the rest of the filing first
in the morning.
a. job
b. thing
c. task
d. time
149. Most packaged food today is full of to increase its shelf life.
a. preservatives
b. infiltrations
c. conservatives
d. adaptations
150. The photo journalist his way through the crowd in an attempt to get a photograph of the film star with her
newborn daughter.
a. jostled
b. lingered
c. rushed
d. grappled
ECPE TEST 1
Vocabulary Score: /40
στραμπουλίζω
αδειάζω, στραγγίζω, αποξηραίνω
μαραίνω-ομαι, ξεραίνω-ομαι
καταπονώ, κουράζω
απειλή, (για πρόσωπα) ανυπόφορος
ψυχαγωγία, αντιπερισπασμός, παράκαμψη
έκφ. χάνω την ψυχραιμία/αυτοσυγκράτησή μου
συμμετοχή
έκφ, παίρνω την κάτω βόλτα, ξεπέφτω
στον κάτω όροφο
στο κέντρο της πόλης
κατά την κατεύθυνση του ρεύματος του ποταμού
επέμβαση, παρέμβαση
προσαρμογή, ρύθμιση
προβολή, πρόβλεψη
συμπλήρωμα, παράρτημα (έκδοσης)
αν-/εξυψώνω, ανεβάζω, προάγω, προβιβάζω
μετρώ, εκτιμώ, υπολογίζω
εγκρίνω, εξουσιοδοτώ
παρέχω/δίνω δικαίωμα, εξουσιοδοτώ
phr.v. καταφέρνω, πετυχαίνω
αποβιβάζομαι
απογειώνομαι, βγάζω
ξεκινώ, πυροδοτώ, δίνω το έναυσμα
σημαντική εξέλιξη ή ανακάλυψη
διεξοδικότητα, σχολαστικότητα
επιμονή, πείσμα
έκβαση, κατάληξη
έκφ. έχω κπ πλεονέκτημα/υπέρ μου
έρημος, δυστυχής
καταστρεπτικός, ολέθριος
που επικρατεί, κυρίαρχος
συστηματικός, μεθοδικός
εργασία, επάγγελμα, δουλειά
έκφ. πρώτη δουλειά/πρώτο μέλημα το πρωί
έργο, αποστολή, καθήκον
χρόνος, ώρα, φορά
συντηρητικά
διήθηση, διείσδυση
άτομο συντηρητικών αρχών, ‘συντηρητικός’
διασκευή, προσαρμογή
σπρώχνω, -ομαι
χρονοτριβώ, αργοπορώ, παραμένω
σπεύδω, βιάζομαι, ορμώ
(with) παλεύω, καταπιάνομαι
97
151. The treatment of Alzheimer’s…
a. is completely ineffective.
b. can relieve symptoms to a small extent.
c. is administered through a variety of tried and
tested measures.
d. can slightly reduce the severity of the disease.
152. Why are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease easy
to misdiagnose?
a. They are difficult to identify.
b. It requires a lot of testing to be documented.
c. The disease seems to be a natural progression of
old age.
d. Alzheimer’s isn’t a well-known disease.
153. What happens to Alzheimer’s patients as the
disease progresses?
a. Their mood changes very little.
b. Nobody is certain.
c. They forget recent events.
d. They become less sociable.
154. What factor could explain why it can take so long to
diagnose Alzheimer’s?
a. It is often mistreated by physicians.
b. It can progress for years before it becomes
apparent.
c. It has no known cure.
d. There seems to be a lack of interest in it.
155. What is the fundamental treatment of Alzheimer’s?
a. exercising and proper diet
b. looking after the patient
c. trying to make the patient use his/her mind more
d. teaching patients to tend their own needs
READING 1
The cause and progression of Alzheimer’s disease are
not well understood. Research indicates that the disease
is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain.
Currently-used treatments offer a small symptomatic
benefit but there are no treatments yet available to delay
or halt the progression of the disease. Many measures
have been suggested for the prevention of Alzheimer’s
disease, but their value in slowing its course and reducing
its severity is unproven. Mental stimulation, exercise,
and a balanced diet are often recommended, as both
a possible prevention and a sensible way of managing
Alzheimer’s.
The disease’s earliest observable symptoms are
often mistakenly thought to be ‘age-related’, or brought
on by stress. In the early stages, the most commonly
recognized symptom is memory loss, such as difficulty
in remembering recently learned facts. When a doctor
or physician has been notified, and AD is suspected,
the diagnosis is usually confirmed with behavioral
assessments and cognitive tests, often followed by
a brain scan if available. As the disease advances,
symptoms include confusion, irritability and aggression,
mood swings, language breakdown, long-term memory
loss, and the general withdrawal of the sufferer as their
senses decline. Gradually, bodily functions are lost,
ultimately leading to death. Individual prognosis is
difficult to assess, as the disease’s duration varies. It can
even develop for an indeterminate period of time before
becoming fully apparent, and can progress undiagnosed
for years.
Since Alzheimer’s has no cure and gradually renders
people incapable of tending for their own needs, caregiving
is the essential treatment and must be carefully managed
over its course.
ECPE TEST 1
Vocabularyadminister =
assessment =
brain scan =
bring on =
indeterminate =
irritability =
mood swings =
tangle =
tend =
withdrawal =
151
παρέχω, χορηγώ
αξιολόγηση, εκτίμηση
εγκεφαλική τομογραφία
προκαλώ την εμφάνιση
απροσδιόριστος, ακαθόριστος
ερεθιστικότητα
αλλαγές στη διάθεση
μπέρδεμα, σύγχυση
φροντίζω
έλλειψη κοινωνικότητας
152
153
154
155
98
156. What does the text imply about American wines?
a. They have always been widely popular.
b. They have sold well in the past.
c. They are of the best quality anywhere.
d. They are gaining a better reputation.
157. At present, U.S. cheeses...
a. are quickly catching up in sales to the European
variety.
b. are still predominantly mass produced.
c. have made inroads into the European market.
d. are being consumed in the same quantities as
before.
158. What, according to the text, contributes to a quality
cheese?
a. small productive output
b. the nature of the process
c. the type of cheese produced
d. the equipment used in production
159. What does the text mean by stating that Americans
are ‘putting away’ more cheese? They are...
a. producing in greater bulk.
b. keeping more in stock.
c. eating greater amounts.
d. exporting larger quantities.
160. If someone had a refined palate, they would most
probably order...
a. European Brie and a flask of wine.
b. domestic wine and popular local mozzarella.
c. jug wine and European Cheddar.
d. European wine and well aged Brie.
READING 2
In a turnabout comparable to the one U.S. wines have
made during the past 20 years, domestic cheeses are
finally achieving the quality, respect and marketability
once reserved for European varieties. While the U.S. is
best known for supermarket-variety Cheddar, there
has been an influx of specialty cheeses (higher-quality
varieties, often made in small quantities using traditional
methods). These can include anything from Cheddar and
Mozzarella to Brie and Camembert.
The rise of boutique U.S. cheese makers is the result
of more hands-on production, higher-quality milk
and careful aging. While the quality of the cheese has
improved markedly, the number of cheeses in production
domestically has also grown. Even though Europe
continues to be the world leader in cheese making
- with many hundreds of years of experience - the
quality improvements in the U.S. are beginning to shift
perceptions of the American versions.
This boom in domestic production is happening at
a time when cheese consumption in the U.S. is rising
sharply. Americans are now putting away on average 30
pounds of cheese a year, more than twice the amount
consumed in 1975. At the same time, the nation’s palate
is growing more refined. Sales of specialty cheeses hit
$900 million in 2009, up nearly 25% from two years
before, according to the National Association for the
Specialty Food Trade.
Domestic wine was probably the last product to make
such a dramatic leap up the food chain. Thirty years ago,
there were very few American wine producers, and they
only made cheap jug wine. Today, hundreds of domestic
producers are crafting elegant wines that rival those of
Europe. Experts say that U.S.-made cheese is starting to
head in the same direction.
ECPE TEST 1
Vocabularybulk = domestic = hands-on production =
influx = inroad = jug wine = output = refined palate = rival = shift perceptions = turnabout =
όγκος, ποσότητα εγχώριος, ντόπιος
παραγωγή από μικροβιοτεχνίες εισροή, συρροή εισβολή, είσοδος κρασί χύμα, βαρελίσιο παραγωγή εκλεπτυσμένος ουρανίσκος ανταγωνίζομαι αλλάζω τις αντιλήψεις μεταβολή, μεταστροφή
156
157
158
158
159
156
99
161. What does the passage mainly discuss?
a. the mineral composition of crystals
b. the similarity of crystals and material patterns
c. the artistic formulation of crystals
d. the growth process of crystals
162. The patterns of crystals are best seen when...
a. viewed on the surface.
b. greatly magnified.
c. scanned rapidly.
d. looked at in clear sunlight.
163. It can be inferred from the passage that crystals...
a. are smaller than atoms.
b. grow in a disorganized manner.
c. are intricately patterned.
d. become bigger as they grow.
164. Based on the information in the passage, all of the
following statements about crystals are true
EXCEPT that they...
a. are very small.
b. are perfectly formed.
c. have complicated shapes.
d. are visually attractive.
165. According to the passage, when a flaw occurs in a
crystal, it...
a. resembles a row of weaving.
b. looks like a machine-woven piece of fabric.
c. spreads throughout the structure.
d. is contained in a small area.
READING 3
Clay, mud and rocks are made of tiny crystals. Yes,
crystals - crystals that are abundant on Earth and
probably always have been. When you look at the surface
of some types of clay and other minerals with a scanning
electron microscope, you are offered an amazing and
beautiful sight.
Crystals grow in a number of patterns; they may grow
in rows like flowers or vines, spirals emanating from and
revolving around a central point, complicated angular
shapes like miniature origami or random tube shapes
that resemble squeezed toothpaste. The elaborate
patterns become even more striking at greater levels of
magnification. At levels that reveal the actual position
of atoms, the surface of a crystal is s