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1. theoretical background: dynamics in the city2. basics: architectural sociology and adverting psychology3. physical place analysis: reeperbahn, hamburg

theoretical background: dynamics in the city

pedestrian dynamics in public space

• observations in pedestrian volumes

different collective phenomena

• empirical studies of pedestrians for over four decades

• observations, photographs and time-lapse studies

development of various concepts

recognize different regularities

regularities of pedestrian dynamics

• aversion against detours

• fastest path is preferred the shorter ones

• effort to reach the destination will usually be minimized

• comfortable walking speed (but depends on the situation, age, gender, time of day, surroundings)

• distance to other pedestrians and boundaries (reducing by pedestrian density and velocity)

simulation models

• developed concepts and its regularities offer little

ability to forecast extraordinary situations:

– extraordinary situations like neon illuminated

advertising

• these factors can affect pedestrians

development of simulation models

– Übergangsmatrix-Modell, Queueing-Modelle,

Stochastische Modelle (models which describe the

motion of systems)

simulation models

• simulation models account special events

• eventualities can be entered into the system

• example: effect of eye-catching billboards, narrowings of the road, etc. on pedestrian flows

Visualization of pedestrian flows

– VISSIM Pedestrian Model

– Controlling Agents in High-Density Crowd Simulation

findings

• Self organized effects which require intelligence

– Simulation models need to be expanded

artificial intelligence

• behavior of the pedestrian flows similar to that

of gases or liquids

basics: architectural sociology, adverting psychology

perception of place

• sociological reflection: human being consists of more

then “existence and time”

space not only as a box but as a result of social

processes

organization of side-by-side

relation of concurrent placing

perception of place

placing: has to appearance in plural

(grown plant, built houses (…))

space: perception of different object in connection with

each other

space: “production of social action”, “product of social

structures”

psychological effect of neon signs

light, color, signs and movement have different effects on us

• light: people feel more comfortable in bright spaces• color: different colors - different effects on us

(example: red = stimulation; green = relaxing)

psychological effect of neon signs

• signs: recognition value, orientation

• movement: recognition of movement

look at the signs

Phi-Effect:lights are put on and off

illusion of movement

physical place analysis: reeperbahn

next steps

+ take a closer look on the effects of neon signs specification: when it is too light you cannot notify the real space you are located; what happens when you change the surrounding, the lights, etc.?