Consultant - environmentclearance.nic.inenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/21112019PV0Q0QNG… · TABLE 16: ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET.....93 TABLE 17: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Client:

Executive Engineer,

Border Road Project Division-II,

CPWD, Chungthang, North Sikkim

Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Additional High

Altitude Roads under Phase-II in the state of Sikkim using Satellite Imagery

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT(TOONG-PARTEM-PT4865)

JOB ORDER No.: SMC/Highway/2017/644

(ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN REPORT)

Consultant:

S. M. Consultants,

Plot No.-130, S. M. Tower, Mancheswar

Industrial Estate, Rasulgarh, BBSR,

Odisha-751010

Environmental Consultant:

Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Additional High Altitude Roads under Phase-II in the state of Sikkim using Satellite Imagery EIA & EMP REPORT

i

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ................................................................................................ i

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ v

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. vi

ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ vii

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ............................................................................................... 1

1.2 Details of Proponent .................................................................................. 2

1.3 Project Description: ................................................................................... 5

1.4 Project as per EIA Notification 2006 ......................................................... 5

Chapter 2 Project Description ............................................................................ 7

2.1 Broader details of the Project, Location and Alignment............................. 7

2.2 Methodology ............................................................................................. 8

2.3 Project Description ................................................................................... 8

2.3.1 Sikkim ................................................................................................. 9

2.3.2 North Sikkim District ........................................................................ 10

2.3.3 Details of Roads ................................................................................ 12

2.3.4 Details of Villages and Towns ............................................................ 15

2.3.5 Terrain and Landuse ......................................................................... 15

2.3.6 Carriageway and Formation Width ................................................... 18

2.3.7 Pavement Condition .......................................................................... 18

2.3.8 Junctions .......................................................................................... 19

2.3.9 Other Features .................................................................................. 19

2.3.10 Landslide Regions ........................................................................... 19

2.3.11 Bridges & CD Structures ................................................................... 19

2.4 Proposed Improvement of the Project Road............................................ 19

2.4.1 Geometric Design Standards ............................................................. 20

2.4.2 Traffic ............................................................................................... 20

2.4.3 Soil Parameters ................................................................................. 20

Grain size analysis ........................................................................................ 21

2.5 Pavement Alternatives ............................................................................ 21

2.5.1 Flexible Pavement ............................................................................. 21

2.5.2 Flexible Pavement with High Viscous grade Bitumen ........................ 21

2.5.3 Rigid Pavement ................................................................................. 22

2.5.4 Paver Blocks ...................................................................................... 22

2.6 Right-of-Way ........................................................................................... 23


ii

2.7 Design of Pavement ................................................................................. 23

2.7.1 Cross Section Elements & Alignment ................................................. 24

2.8 Design of Embankment / Hill Cutting...................................................... 25

2.9 Pavement Proposal ................................................................................. 25

2.10 Shoulder Design .................................................................................... 26

2.11 Culverts & Bridge: .................................................................................. 28

2.12 Slope Protection works: ......................................................................... 37

2.12.1 Breast Wall .................................................................................... 37

2.12.2 Retaining Wall ............................................................................... 37

2.13 Drainage ................................................................................................ 37

2.14 Road Sign and Markings ........................................................................ 38

2.15 Road Furniture ...................................................................................... 38

2.15.1 W-Beam Crash Barrier ..................................................................... 38

2.15.2 Parapet cum Guard Wall .................................................................. 38

2.15.3 Rock Fall Barrier ............................................................................. 38

2.16 Communication Facility ........................................................................ 38

2.17 Natural Resources Requirement ............................................................ 41

Chapter 3 Description of Environment ............................................................ 43

3.1 General .................................................................................................... 43

3.2 Physical Environment ............................................................................. 43

3.2.1 Ground and Surface Water Quality .................................................... 47

3.2.2 Air Quality ......................................................................................... 49

3.2.3 Noise Quality ..................................................................................... 50

3.3 Ecological Resources ............................................................................... 50

3.3.1 Biological Resources .......................................................................... 50

3.4 AREAS OF CONCERN .............................................................................. 50

Chapter 4 Potential Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures .............. 53

4.1 General .................................................................................................... 53

4.2 Impact on Environmental Resources ...................................................... 53

4.2.1 Water Environment ........................................................................... 53

4.2.2 Land Requirement ............................................................................ 54

4.2.3 Air Environment ........................................................................... 55

4.2.4 Noise Environment ........................................................................ 57

4.2.5 Landslides ..................................................................................... 57

4.2.6 IMPACT ON HUMAN USE VALUES ............................................... 58

4.3 Impact on Ecological Resources .......................................................... 58

4.3.1 Impact on Vegetation ......................................................................... 58

4.3.2 Impact on Wildlife & Forest .............................................................. 59


iii

4.4 PEOPLE’S CONCERNS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ....................... 59

4.5 EVALUATION OF IMPACT ................................................................... 59

4.6 Costs and Budget ................................................................................. 93

CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ............................. 95

5.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 95

5.2 EMP During Construction Phase ............................................................. 95

5.3 EMP During Operation Phase .................................................................. 96

5.4 Monitoring Plan ...................................................................................... 97

5.4.1 Scope of the Monitoring and Follow Plan .......................................... 97

5.5 Environmental Reporting System ......................................................... 107

5.6 MONITORING PLAN ............................................................................. 109

CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ............................................................... 112

6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ....................................................................... 112

6.1.1 Stakeholders in the Project ............................................................... 112

6.1.2 Public Consultation in the Project .................................................... 112

6.1.3 Objectives ......................................................................................... 113

6.1.4 Consultation sessions ....................................................................... 113

6.1.5 Consultation during Design: ............................................................. 114

6.1.6 Identification of issues: .................................................................... 114

6.1.7 Addressals of general issues and concerns: ...................................... 114

6.1.8 Key findings of the consultation ....................................................... 115

6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................... 116

6.2.1 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................. 116

6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RISK....................... 117

6.2.3 Analysis of Risks .............................................................................. 118

6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............. 126

6.3.1 Loss of Land .................................................................................... 126

6.3.2 Impact on Structures ....................................................................... 127

6.3.3 Impact on Trees ............................................................................... 127

6.3.4 Child Labour .................................................................................... 127

6.3.5 Road Safety ...................................................................................... 127

6.3.8 Utility Relocation ............................................................................. 127

6.4 MUCK DISPOSAL PLAN ......................................................................... 127

Chapter 7 Project Benefits ............................................................................... 131

7.1 Benefits for Army Purpose ...................................................................... 131

7.2 Employment Opportunity ....................................................................... 131

Chapter 8 Environment Management Plan .................................................... 133

8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 133


iv

8.2 Project Background .............................................................................. 133

8.3 Salient Features .................................................................................... 133

8.4 Scope of Works ..................................................................................... 134

8.5 Environmental Management Plan ......................................................... 134

8.5.1 Objectives of the EMP .......................................................................135

8.5.2 Meeting the EMP Objectives .............................................................135

8.6 Critical Impacts to be Addressed ........................................................... 136

8.7 Environment Issues and Mitigation Measures ...................................... 136

8.8 Environmental Management Budget...................................................... 174

Chapter 9 Disclosure of Consultant ................................................................. 176

12.2 Laboratory ............................................................................................ 177

12.3 Project Team ........................................................................................ 177


v

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: DISTRICT PROFILE OF NORTH SIKKIM DISTRICT ............................... 10

TABLE 2: DETAILS OF ROADS ........................................................................................ 12

TABLE 3: DETAILS OF TERRAIN & LAND USE PATTERN FOR ROAD ................ 15

TABLE 4: SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE PROJECT STRETCH ................................... 21

TABLE 5: PROPOSED PAVEMENT CRUST ................................................................... 23

TABLE 6: SHARP CURVE DETAILS ............................................................................... 25

TABLE 7: SUMMARY OF PROPOSED VERTICAL ALIGNMENT ............................. 25

TABLE 8: DEVELOPMENT SCHEME ............................................................................. 26

TABLE 9: CULVERT DETAILS ......................................................................................... 28

TABLE 10: LIST OF PROPOSED MINOR BRIDGE ...................................................... 36

TABLE 11: CHAINAGES WITH DRAIN PROVISION .................................................. 37

TABLE 12: LIST SIGNS TO BEPROVIDED ALONG THE PROJECT CORRIDOR . 38

TABLE 13: DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ........................................... 41

TABLE 14: GROUND WATER QUALITY NEAR THE PROJECT ROAD .................. 48

TABLE 15: SURFACE WATER QUALITY ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD .............. 49

TABLE 16: ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET ....................................................................... 93

TABLE 17: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AT CONSTRUCTION STAGE.................................................................................................................................................. 95

TABLE 18: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AT OPERATION STAGE .. 97

TABLE 19: MONITORING PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ....................98

TABLE 20: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ................................................... 100

TABLE 21: STAGE-WISE REPORTING SYSTEM OF CPWD ................................... 108

TABLE 22: PUBLIC CONSULTATION GROUPS ......................................................... 113

TABLE 23: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ADDRESSAL .................................................. 114

TABLE 24: EVALUATION OF RISK ANALYSIS USING RII .................................... 120

TABLE 25: LAND REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 126

TABLE 26: MUCK DISPOSAL DETAILS ...................................................................... 128

TABLE 27: SUMMARY OF SALIENT FEATURES OF PROJECT ROAD ................ 133

TABLE 28: CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED ............ 136

TABLE 29: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .................................................... 171

TABLE 30: ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET .................................................................... 174

TABLE 31: TEAM MEMBERS FOR EIA EVALUATION .............................................177


vi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: INDEX MAP ....................................................................................................... 2

FIGURE 2: PROJECT STRETCH (TOONG – PT 4865) ................................................. 9

FIGURE 3: CLIMATE GRAPH OF CHUNGTHANG ...................................................... 11

FIGURE 4: CLIMATE GRAPH OF CHUNGTHANG ...................................................... 11

FIGURE 5: RIVERS FLOWING IN NORTH SIKKIM ................................................... 12

FIGURE 6: LAND-USE PATTERN OF PROJECT ROAD ............................................. 15

FIGURE 7: EXISTING FOOT TRACKS ............................................................................ 18

FIGURE 8: JUNCTION AT START OF THE PROJECT ROAD ................................... 19

FIGURE 9: PROPOSED TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION .................................................. 26

FIGURE 10: CONTOUR GENERATED FOR THE PROJECT ROAD ......................... 43

FIGURE 11: LANDUSE PATTERN MAP.......................................................................... 46

FIGURE 12: DRAINAGE PATTERN MAP ....................................................................... 47

FIGURE 13: FOREST MAP OF SIKKIM .......................................................................... 51

FIGURE 14: PROTECTED AREAS OF SIKKIM ............................................................. 51

FIGURE 15: FLOW DIAGRAM OF RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................ 116


vii

ABBREVIATIONS

CPWD : Central Public Works Department

MORTH : Ministry of Road Transport & Highway

AASHTO : American Association of State Highway and Official

BRPC : Border Road Project Circle

NRSC : National Remote Sensing Centre

ITBP : Indo-Tibetan Border Police

MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forest

IRC : Indian Road Congress

BIS : Bureau of Indian Standards

EPC : Engineering Procurement Contract

PPP : Public Private Partnership

DBFOT : Design, Build Finance Operate & Transfer

ToR : Term of Reference

QAP : Quality Assurance Plan

GPS : Global Positioning System

DEM : Digital Elevation Map

TS : Total Station

DTM : Digital Terrain Model

BMS : Bench Mark Stations

ESAL : Equivalent Standard Axle Load

VDF : Vehicle Damage Factor

MSA : Million Standard Axle

AADT : Average Annual Daily Traffic

ADT : Annual Daily Traffic

TVC : Total Vehicle Count

OD : Origin-Destination

PCU : Passenger Car Unit

GSDP : Gross State Domestic Product

CBR : California Bearing Ratio

OMC : Optimum Moisture Content

DCPT : Dynamic Cone Penetration Test

BOQ : Bill of Quantities

SOR : Schedule of Rates

GAD : General Arrangement Drawing

ROW : Right of Way

ROB : Railway Over Bridge

RUB : Railway Under Bridge

HFL : High Flood Level

LWL : Low water Level

LTL : Low Tide Level

HTL : High Tide Level

IRR : Internal Rate of Return

COD : Commercial Operations Date

INTRODUCTION


1

Introduction

1.1 Background

1.1.1 Purpose of the project:

The awarded project stretch has no economic lining within the project corridor but has tracks of

ITBP Army Troops As of now the ITBP relies on sport-utility vehicle, also known as SUV, and foot

patrolling to scale mountainous tracks of the 3488 km-long India-China border that runs along

Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. This urges

the necessity of roads for proper communication to the border area for regular patrolling.

1.1.2 Brief Description of the Project

The project road starts from Toong (0.000 km) and ends on PT 4865 (84.425 km). The

road lies completely in the district of North Sikkim, Sikkim. The length of the road is

84.425 km. The road passes through no settlements. The project stretch has no existing

road throughout the stretch only foot tracks are found at few locations.

1.1.3 Project Name

Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Additional High Altitude Roads under Phase-

II in the state of Sikkim using Satellite Imagery

(Toong-Partem-PT 4865 in the state of Sikkim: 84.425 km)


2

Figure 1: Index Map

1.1.4 Importance to the region and country

The project road is solely dedicated for the movement of army patrolling and activities for

national security.

1.2 Details of Proponent

1.2.1 Profile of the Project Proponent

CPWD, is a premier Central Government authority in charge of public sector works. The Central

Public Works Department, under the Ministry of Urban Development now MoHUA (Ministry of

Housing and Urban Affairs), deals with buildings, roads, bridges, flyovers, complicated structures

like stadiums, auditoriums, laboratories, bunkers, border fencing, border roads (hill roads), etc.

CPWD came into existence in July 1854 when Lord Dalhousie established a central agency for

execution of public works and set up Ajmer Provincial Division. It has now grown into a

comprehensive construction management department, which provides services from project

concept to completion, and maintenance management.

It is headed by the Director General (DG) who is also the Principal Technical Advisor to the

Government of India. The regions and sub-regions are headed by Special DGs and Additional DGs

respectively, while the zones in all state capitals (except a few) are headed by Chief Engineers.

Nowadays, a new post of Chief Project Manager (CPM) has been created to head major prestigious

projects of CPWD. CPMs are equivalent to the rank of Chief Engineers in CPWD. With country wide

presence, the strength of CPWD is its ability to undertake construction of Complex Projects even

in difficult terrains and maintenance in post construction stage.

Toong

PT 4865


3

Functions of CPWD

Following are the core functions of CPWD

Design, construction and maintenance of Central Government non- residential buildings

other than those for Railways, Communications, Atomic Energy, Defence Services, All India

Radio, Doordarshan and Airports (IAAI & NAA).

Construction and maintenance of residential accommodation meant for Central Government

Employees.

Construction works for Central Police Organizations i.e. CRPF, CISF, BSF, and ITBP as well as

maintenance of assets of CRPF and CISF assigned to CPWD.

Construction works for establishments under the Cabinet Secretariat i.e. SSB, SIB etc.

Construction works for public sector undertakings not having their engineering organization,

other Government Organisations, Autonomous bodies and institutions as deposit work.

“Deposit Works” are such works, which are undertaken at the discretion of the Director

General, CPWD for which the outlay is provided wholly or in part from

a) Funds of a public nature but not included in the financial estimates and accounts of the

Union of India.

b) Contributions from the public.

Providing consultancy services in planning, designing and construction of civil engineering

projects, as and when required by public undertaking and other autonomous bodies.

Construction of Embassy and other buildings / projects abroad at the request of Ministry of

External Affairs and other Ministries.

Defence / Security related works assigned by the government such as border fencing & flood

lighting works and Indo China Border Road Works (ICBR).

Construction of roads under PMGSY and RSVY programme. To undertake works under

PPP/Alternate Funding mode.

1.2.2 Address and Contact Details

Office ID NER-ADG B-IBBZ II-SIKKIM BORDER ROAD PROJECT CIRCLE

BRPD-I,CHUNGTHANG

Office Name BRPD I,CHUNGTHANG,CPWD

Address CHUNGTHANG, NORTH SIKKIM, NORTH SIKKIM, SIKKIM

Pin/Zip 737120

Office Ph. 1 03592-276801

E-mail [email protected]


4

1.2.3 Organisational Chart


5

1.2.3 Project Consultant

In the above backdrop, BRPD-II, CPWD, Chungthang has appointed M/s S. M. Consultants as

consultant for carrying out the feasibility study and preparation of detailed project report of the

project highway.

Office Name S. M. Consultants

Address Plot No.: 130, S.M. Tower, Mancheswar Industrial Estates, Rasulgarh,

Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Pin/Zip 751010

Office Ph. 1 0674-2580682, 2580683

Fax 2580686

E-mail [email protected]

1.3 Project Description:

The project road starts from Toong (0.00 km) and ends on Tamze (84.425 km). The road lies

completely in the Chungthang subdivision of North Sikkim, Sikkim. The length of the road is

84.425 km. The road passes through no settlements. The road is in hilly and steep terrain with

landslide prone areas at few stretches. The project stretch has no existing road throughout the

stretch only cart tracks are found at few locations.

1.4 Project as per EIA Notification 2006

As per the EIA notification, the project does not attract any provision of General Conditions of

Environmental Impact. The project comes under Category B2. The following has been briefed as

below:

i) The project road does not exceed 100 km. It is of 84.425 km.

ii) The ROW acquired for the project road development is only 20 m.

iii) The minister of environment, forests and climate change, enable states to clear

defence projects falling within 100 km of Line of Actual Control (LAC) without

approaching the Centre for environment clearances. As the project road is connecting

the Indo-China Border, it falls within the 100km of LAC. As per, notification of MoEF

dated August 2015 exemption to all highway projects in border States from scoping

requirement and exempting all linear projects in border States from the requirement

of public hearing subject to suitable conditions prescribed by the Ministry.

Hence, it is stated to confirm that, the project meets all central/state and local environmental

regulations and standards.

There are no litigations pending against the proposed project and no laws or order passed

by any court of law/any statutory authority against the project.

PROJECT

DESCRIPTION


7

Chapter 2 Project Description

2.1 Broader details of the Project, Location and Alignment

Sikkim, a north-eastern state of India borders Tibet on its north and east, Bhutan in its east, Nepal

in its west and Indian state of West Bengal on the south. It is located close to Siliguri corridor near

Bangladesh. It is only connected by road to the remaining states of the country with the nearest

airport in West Bengal. The state has 4 districts with major area and mountain ranges in North

Sikkim. The district capital of North Sikkim is Mangan with sub division at Chungthang.

The Indian Army has control over a large part of the state, as Sikkim forms part of a sensitive

border area with China. Because of its hilly terrain and poor transport infrastructure, Sikkim lacks

a large-scale industrial base. Brewing, distilling, tanning and watchmaking are the main

industries, and are mainly located in the southern regions of the state, primarily in the towns

of Melli and Jorethang. In addition, a small mining industry exists in Sikkim, extracting minerals

such as copper, dolomite, talc, graphite, quartzite, coal, zinc and lead. Despite the state's minimal

industrial infrastructure, Sikkim's economy has been among the fastest-growing in India since

2000; the state's GDP expanded by 89.93 per cent in 2010 alone. In 2003, Sikkim decided to

convert fully to organic farming statewide, and achieved this goal in 2015, becoming India's first

"organic state". Sikkim's roads are maintained by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), an

offshoot of the Indian Army. The roads in southern Sikkim are in relatively good condition,

landslides being less frequent in this region. The state government maintains 1,857 kilometres

(1,154 mi) of roadways that do not fall under the BRO's jurisdiction.

The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of India,

raised on 24 October 1962, under the CRPF Act, in the wake of the Sino-Indian War of 1962. The

ITBP was intended for deployment along India's border with China's Tibet Autonomous Region.

ITBP is a multi-dimensional force which primarily has 5 functions:

1. Vigil on the northern borders, detection and prevention of border violations, and

promotion of the sense of security among the local populace.

2. Check illegal immigration and trans-border smuggling

3. Provide security to sensitive installations and threatened VIPs

4. Restore and preserve order in any area in the event of disturbance

5. to maintain the peace

Presently, battalions of ITBP are deployed on border guard duties from Karakoram

Pass in Ladakh to Diphu La in Arunachal Pradesh, covering 3488 km of the India-China border.

India is in a wake to construct roads connecting to the Indo China border intended to ease the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanning_(leather)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melli

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorethang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_farming

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoram_Pass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakoram_Pass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India-China_border


8

movement of troops and military hardware in the event of a border conflict. The roads are being

developed by BRO which has 73 roads under proposal and CPWD.

In this backdrop, CPWD has created a division for construction and maintenance of the border

roads i.e. Border Road Project Division. The Executive Engineer, Border Road Project Division-I,

CPWD, Chungthang, North Sikkim on behalf of the President of India the National Highways of the

state has sought consultancy services for preparation of Detailed Project Report for construction

of High Altitude Roads in the state of Sikkim. As a part of this endeavour, the Authority i.e.,

Executive Engineer, BRPD-I, CPWD, Chungthang has taken initiative to guide and supervise the

consultancy service as well as the construction process.

The road under consideration for the present submission is Toong-Partem-PT 4865 in the state

of Sikkim under the Chungthang BRPD-I, CPWD. The total length of the road is 78.351 kms.

In the above backdrop, BRPD-I, CPWD, Chungthang has appointed M/s S. M. Consultants as

consultant for carrying out the feasibility study and preparation of detailed project report of the

project highway.

2.2 Methodology

The methodology adopted for carrying out the EIA study is based on the guidelines and Standard

TOR issued by the MoEF. The EIA report is based on data collected from primary and secondary

sources that included;

Collection of information on existing baseline conditions.

Ambient air, water and soil quality and noise level monitoring

Identification of environmentally sensitive locations (if any) in the impacted area

Assess the adverse impacts on the environment and to avoid the impacts, suggest cost

effective mitigation and management measures to mitigate the negative impacts

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan, which will include associated costs for

execution of mitigation and enhancement, works; development of an environmental

monitoring program

Addressing the derived issues involving occupational health and safety, and

emergency/disaster management to limit/contain the adverse effects.

2.3 Project Description

The locations of Toong and PT 4865 lies in the borders of China and India, in the North Sikkim

district and under sub division of Chungtang. The locations are at an altitude of 1337.0 - 4617.0

m and is steep in terrain. The locations are snow cladded for most part of the year. The locations

of the origin and destination is as shown below:


9

The project road is a new alignment with steep gradient. There exists no road in the project area.

The road only has military importance in the project location. Thus development of the road will

provide scope to mobilise the army platoons and vehicles to the border.

The Project Roads under consideration starts from Toong and ends at PT 4865 passing hilly and

steep terrain in the state of Sikkim. The project highway starts at design chainage of 0/000 km

and ends at design chainage 84/425 km in the state of Sikkim. This project road falls in the district

of North Sikkim. The project road is of 84.425 km.

Figure 2: Project Stretch (Toong – PT 4865)

2.3.1 Sikkim

Clean, green and 'all organic' since 2016, Sikkim is mostly a maze of plunging, super-steep valleys

thick with lush subtropical woodlands and rhododendron groves, rising in the north to the

spectacular white-top peaks of the eastern Himalaya. When clouds clear, an ever-thrilling

experience from many a ridge top perch is spotting the world's third-highest mountain,

Khangchendzonga (8598m), on the north western dawn horizon. Sikkim is a land that is home to

several unique cultures and pristine beauty. Sikkim sets it foot in new cultural believes, carrying

forward its thriving traditions from thousands of years. When it comes to the tourist attraction,

it lags behind because of boundary conflicts and the condition of the roads.

The project roads come under the influence of North Sikkim District of Sikkim. A brief view of the

districts is presented below so that we can overview the effects that the various features of the

district are likely to influence the project roads.


10

2.3.2 North Sikkim District

A land - where haven touches the earth, the ambiance creates mystery, landscape dominated by

elements, silence can be heard, vision tends to travel beyond the horizon, soul starts meditating-

unknowingly, mind gets rejuvenated; and a land that makes you bow.

North Sikkim is the northern district of Sikkim. Mangan is the district headquarter of the district.

At an altitude of 3950 ft. the town is located at a distance of 65 km from Gangtok, the state capital.

Tourists need special permits to visit North Sikkim beyond Mangan. The area can be visited only

as part of an organized tour.

The road from Mangan goes straight to Chungthang, another major town of North Sikkim. At

5,600 ft. Chungthang is 95 km from Gangtok. From here the road bifurcates. The road to the left

goes to Lachen and the road to the right reaches Lachung. Lachen is the base from where tours to

Gurudongmar Lake and Chopta valley is organised. Lachung on the other hand is the base for your

tours to Yumthang valley.

Landscape changes rapidly on every curve, as your road winds upwards. With thick smell of wild

flowers, mossy trees, streams rushing down, mists coiling up from the deep gorges, sudden flashy

flight of colourful birds, huge snow range embossed in the horizon, wide spread valley, deep blue

sky, lonely prayer flag waving leisurely at the distant top - you are on your way to a different

destination.

Tourism in the region is at a nascent stage and guests may not get the same level of service in

North-Sikkim as they would in other parts of the region.

Table 1: DISTRICT PROFILE OF NORTH SIKKIM DISTRICT

Geographical area : 4,226 km2 (1,632 sq mi)

Population(Census 2011)

Total

Density

:

43,354

10/km2 (27/sq mi)

District Head quarter : Mongan

Latitude : 27˚ 31’N

Longitude : 88˚ 32’N

Altitude : 610 m above MSL

Climate : Cold Deserts

Annual Rainfall : 5000 mm

Temperature : 25o C to -40o C (average)

Soil:


11

The geography of Sikkim is characterized by a vast array of magniloquent knolls that extends

from one nook of the state to the other. Amongst all the stupendous hammocks that span across

the entire terrain of Sikkim, Kanchenjunga is recorded to be the highest. The terrain that forms

an exceedingly important portion of geography in Sikkim is most obviously not as fertile as most

would imagine it to be. The main reason that lies behind this abnormality is the fact that there is

an abundance of extremely rocky and precipitous slopes which present a tough look to the

landscape.

Climate & Rainfall:

Temperature conditions vary from sub-tropical in the southern lower parts to cold deserts in the

snowy north. It is also the most humid region in the whole range of the Himalayas, because of its

proximity to the Bay of Bengal and direct exposure to Southern monsoon.

Rainfall is heavy and well distributed during the months from May to early October. July is the

wettest month in most of the places. The intensity of rainfall during South-West monsoon season

decreases from south to North, while the distribution of winter rainfall is in the opposite order.

The highest annual rainfall for the individual station may exceed 5000 mm. and average number

of rainy days (days with rain of 2.5 mm. or more) ranges from 100 at Thangu in north Sikkim to

184 at Gangtok in east Sikkim.

Fog is a common feature in the entire state from May to September.

Biting cold is experienced at higher altitudes of 10,000 ft plus. The temperature rarely rises above

15 degree centigrade and heavy snowfall occurs during the winter months. Some also receive

snowfall during April or mid-November.

Figure 3: Climate Graph of Chungthang Figure 4: Climate Graph of Chungthang

River:

Another feature possessed by the Sikkim geography is that a vast number of streams that sped

across the terrain of Sikkim gave rise to many exquisite river valleys. The water that runs through

most of these streams are generally procured by the snow that crowns the stupendous


12

mountains. These newly formed river valleys are confined to the southern and western fringe of

the state. The most famous lakes that are found here include Gurudongmar, Tsongmo and

Khecheopalri Lake and many more.

Figure 5: Rivers flowing in North Sikkim

2.3.3 Details of Roads

Table 2: DETAILS OF ROADS

Section Chainage (Km) Terrain

Type District

From To

Toong-PT 4865

0/000 78/351 Mountainous

and Steep North Sikkim 27°32'56.28"N

88°38'35.21"E

27°27'37.39"N

88°46'18.61"E


13


14


15

2.3.4 Details of Villages and Towns

The road does not pass through any settlement. However the project road comes under

the influence of few villages like Toong, Kokhir Village, Terse Village, Narem Partem,

Salera village and Partem village. The starting section is well known as Toong. The

project stretch is under security zone which is only to be used by ITBP personnel. ITBP

Camp is found at PT 4865.

2.3.5 Terrain and Landuse

The terrain along the entire project road is hilly and steep type. The land use pattern along the

project corridor is majorly forest.

Figure 6: Land-use Pattern of Project Road

Table 3: DETAILS OF TERRAIN & LAND USE PATTERN FOR ROAD

TERRAIN AND LAND USE PATTERN

Sl. No. Chainages (km) Terrain (Plain/

Rolling/ Hilly)

Land use (Built up/ Agrt/ Forest/

Industrial/ Barren) From (km) To (km)

1 0.000 1.000 H Forest

2 1.000 2.000 H Cultivation

3 2.000 3.000 H Cultivation

4 3.000 4.000 H Forest

5 4.000 5.000 H Forest

6 5.000 6.000 H Forest

7 6.000 7.000 H Forest

8 7.000 8.000 H Forest

9 8.000 9.000 H Forest

5%

55%

40%

Land Use Pattern

Cultivation

Forest

Snow Bound


16



Rolling/ Hilly)



10 9.000 10.000 H Forest

11 10.000 11.000 H Forest

12 11.000 12.000 H Forest

13 12.000 13.000 H Forest

14 13.000 14.000 H Forest

15 14.000 15.000 H Forest

16 15.000 16.000 H Forest

17 16.000 17.000 H Forest

18 17.000 18.000 H Forest

19 18.000 19.000 H Forest

20 19.000 20.000 H Forest

21 20.000 21.000 H Forest

22 21.000 22.000 H Forest

23 22.000 23.000 H Forest

24 23.000 24.000 H Forest

25 24.000 25.000 H Forest

26 25.000 26.000 H Forest

27 26.000 27.000 H Forest

28 27.000 28.000 H Forest

29 28.000 29.000 H Forest

30 29.000 30.000 H Forest

31 30.000 31.000 H Forest

32 31.000 32.000 H Forest

33 32.000 33.000 H Forest

34 33.000 34.000 H Forest

35 34.000 35.000 H Forest

36 35.000 36.000 H Forest

37 36.000 37.000 H Forest

38 37.000 38.000 H Forest

39 38.000 39.000 H Forest

40 39.000 40.000 H Forest

41 40.000 41.000 H Forest

42 41.000 42.000 H Forest


17



Rolling/ Hilly)



43 42.000 43.000 H Forest

44 43.000 44.000 H Forest

45 44.000 45.000 H Forest

46 45.000 46.000 H Forest

47 46.000 47.000 H Forest

48 47.000 48.000 H Forest

49 48.000 49.000 H Forest

50 49.000 50.000 H Forest

51 50.000 51.000 H Forest

52 51.000 52.000 H Forest

53 52.000 53.000 H Snow Bound

54 53.000 54.000 H Snow Bound

55 54.000 55.000 H Snow Bound

56 55.000 56.000 H Snow Bound

57 56.000 57.000 H Snow Bound

58 57.000 58.000 H Snow Bound

59 56.000 57.000 H Snow Bound

60 57.000 58.000 H Snow Bound

61 58.000 59.000 H Snow Bound

62 59.000 60.000 H Snow Bound

63 60.000 61.000 H Snow Bound

64 61.000 62.000 H Snow Bound

65 62.000 63.000 H Snow Bound

66 63.000 64.000 H Snow Bound

67 64.000 65.000 H Snow Bound

68 65.000 66.000 H Snow Bound

69 66.000 67.000 H Snow Bound

70 67.000 68.000 H Snow Bound

71 68.000 69.000 H Snow Bound

72 69.000 70.000 H Snow Bound

73 70.000 71.000 H Snow Bound

74 71.000 72.000 H Snow Bound

75 72.000 73.000 H Snow Bound


18



Rolling/ Hilly)



76 73.000 74.000 H Snow Bound

77 74.000 75.000 H Snow Bound

78 75.000 76.000 H Snow Bound

79 76.000 77.000 H Snow Bound

80 77.000 78.351 H Snow Bound

2.3.6 Carriageway and Formation Width

The project road is proposed to be configured to single lane. The carriageway is non-existent in

the whole project corridor. Boulders of large size are paved to make a carriageway of 1m.

2.3.7 Pavement Condition

Project road has no road in existence. The alignment has been carried out visually along the

project stretch to identify the possible alignment.

Figure 7: Existing foot tracks


19

2.3.8 Junctions

The project road has one junction at the start of the project road at chainage 0/000 km which

leads to Chungthang on left and Sentam on right.

Figure 8: Junction at start of the Project Road

2.3.9 Other Features

There are no other features or structure like school, worship places etc. found along the project

road except ITBP Camp in between the stretch.

2.3.10 Landslide Regions

The area comes under high earthquake zone. Landslides are usual in this area. Necessary

protection works like breast wall, retaining wall, guard wall, gabions will be proposed for the

project stretch to project the proposed road from damage.

2.3.11 Bridges & CD Structures

The road comes across no bridge structures. The project road falls traverses on a single

mountain with many ridges. So, it is observed that the project stretch has many steam crossings.

These are needed to be provided with cross drainage structures to avoid landslides in these

regions.

2.4 Proposed Improvement of the Project Road

The proposed new project road, having formation width of about 10m, includes construction of

pavement work for the entire length, construction of culverts and permanent works at essential

places construction of pucca side drains throughout stretches, construction of protective

structures, provision for slope protection works and installation of traffic/informatory sign and

Kilometer stones.

Chungthang


20

The project road will have single-lane carriageway facility. The design philosophy that will be

followed embodies the following:

The facility should be of Hill Road Standards

The facility must meet the needs for mobility of army vehicles and troops

Travel should be safe, with in-built engineering features

The facility should be aesthetically pleasing and should not be visually intrusive

The facility should meet the environmental conditions

Design Standards for the hill road requirements have been framed for providing the desirable

level of service and safety. For this Project it is proposed to follow Design Standards given in IRC

Standards, Codes, Guidelines and Special Publications besides MORT&H circulars and

specifications as applicable to National Highways.

2.4.1 Geometric Design Standards

For this Highway Project, Geometric Design Standards shall be as per the following:

IRC: 73-1980 shall be generally followed.

IRC: SP: 19-2001: Manual for survey, investigations and preparation of road projects.

IRC: 52: Recommendations about the Alignment survey and Geometric Design of Hill

Roads (Second Revision).

IRC-SP-48-1998: Hill Road Manual

2.4.2 Traffic

The traffic on the present road is nil. The design consideration has been based on future traffic

which is expected to be the para military forces patrolling to the LOC of Indo-China Border. The

maximum axle load of an Army Vehicle is 20, 000 lbs. So, considering the army vehicles to be

traversing the project road 5 msa traffic is considered for designing the road.

2.4.3 Soil Parameters

The soil in the project stretch is found to be gravelly type containing rock pieces. The soil

composition and property of the soils are presented below:


21

Table 4: SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE PROJECT STRETCH

Sl. No.

Soil sample collected at

Chainage

Grain size analysis Atterberg’s Limits in %

Proctor Compactio

n

California bearing ratio test (Remoulded at

MDD and OMC)

DF

S in

%

Gro

up

of

soil

as

per

IS

14

98

–

19

70

Fin

e G

rav

el I

n %

(2

0m

m T

o 4

.75

mm

)

Co

arse

San

d I

n %

(4

.75

mm

To

2.0

0 m

m )

Med

ium

San

d I

n %

(2

.0m

m T

o 0

.42

5m

m)

Fin

e Sa

nd

in

%

(0.4

25

mm

To

0.0

75

mm

)

Silt

& C

lay

in

%

( 0

.07

5m

m T

o 0

.00

1m

m)

Liq

uid

Lim

it I

n %

Pla

stic

Lim

it I

n %

Pla

stic

ity

In

dex

in

%

Max

.Dry

Den

sity

in

gm

/cc

Op

tim

um

Mo

istu

re C

on

ten

t in

%.

C.B

.R U

nso

aked

in %

C.B

.R S

oak

ed f

or

4d

ayss

in

%

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t af

ter

4 d

ays

Soak

ing

in %

1 Sample-1 10.35 15.91 22.38 20.52 30.84 29 17 12 1.982 9.8 18.6 10.4 12.6 0 SC

2 Sample-2 12.71 14.73 20.18 19.63 32.75 30 18 12 1.987 9.7 18.9 10.7 12.8 0 SC

3 Sample-3 11.48 13.72 21.49 23.49 29.82 29 17 12 1.985 9.5 18.8 10.6 12.5 0 SC

4 Sample-4 10.97 14.86 23.49 19.89 30.79 29 17 12 1.983 9.8 18.5 10.3 12.6 0 SC

From the laboratory experiment, the CBR is computed to be 10.12. Moisture content is seen to be

high to the climatic and terrain condition. The soil in the project stretch is found to be clayey

gravel type.

2.5 Pavement Alternatives

Various alternatives are taken into consideration and evaluated for the project road construction.

The alternatives considered are as follows:

1. Flexible Pavement

2. Flexible Pavement with High Viscous grade Bitumen

3. Rigid Pavement

4. Paver Blocks

2.5.1 Flexible Pavement

Bitumen has been widely used in the construction of flexible pavements for a long time. This is

the most convenient and simple type of construction.

In hilly areas, due to sub zero temperature, the freeze thaw and heave cycle takes place. Due to

freezing and melting of ice in bituminous voids, volume expansion and contraction occur. This

leads to pavements failure. So, considering the climatic condition of the project location VG 10

grade bitumen is suggested for the road construction.

2.5.2 Flexible Pavement with High Viscous grade Bitumen

Certain additives or blend of additives called as bitumen modifiers can improve properties of

Bitumen and bituminous mixes. Bitumen treated with these modifiers is known as modified

bitumen. Polymer modified bitumen (PMB)/ crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) should be


22

used only in wearing course depending upon the requirements of extreme climatic variations.

The detailed specifications for modified bitumen have been issued by IRC: SP: 53-1999. It must

be noted that the performance of PMB and CRMB is dependent on strict control on temperature

during construction.

The advantages of using modified bitumen are as follows

o Lower susceptibility to daily and seasonal temperature variations

o Higher resistance to deformation at high pavement temperature

o Better age resistance properties

o Higher fatigue life for mixes

o Better adhesion between aggregates and binder

o Prevention of cracking and reflective cracking

2.5.3 Rigid Pavement

Rigid pavements, though costly in initial investment, are cheap in long run because of low

maintenance costs. There are various merits in the use of Rigid pavements (Concrete pavements)

are summarized below:

o Major advantage of concrete roads is the savings in fuel by commercial vehicles to

an extent of 14-20%. The fuel savings themselves can support a large programme

of concreting.

o Cement concrete roads save a substantial quantity of stone aggregates and this

factor must be considered when a choice pavements is made,

o Concrete roads can withstand extreme weather conditions – wide ranging

temperatures, heavy rainfall and water logging.

2.5.4 Paver Blocks

Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) has been extensively used in a number of countries

for quite some time as a specialized problem-solving technique for providing pavement in areas

where conventional types of construction are less durable due to many operational and

environmental constraints.

There are many distinct features of ICBP as compared to the conventional methods of pavement

construction and hence make it a suitable option for application in the specified areas. Some of

these are:

o Mass production under factory conditions ensures availability of blocks having

consistent quality and high dimensional accuracy.

o Good quality of blocks ensures durability of pavements, when constructed to

specifications.


23

o ICBP tolerates higher deflections without structural failure and will not be

affected by thermal expansion or contraction.

o ICBP does not require curing, and so can be opened for traffic immediately after

construction.

o Construction of ICBP is labour intensive and requires less sophisticated

equipment.

o The system provides ready access to underground utilities without damage to

pavement.

Comparing all the alternatives the following points were concluded:

1. The flexible pavements with high viscous properties are best alternatives as they provide

high strength and durability. But considering the traffic projection of the future in the

project stretch, the rate of growth of traffic will be very less and investing a large amount

of in the pavement quality in such areas will not be economical. As the cost these bitumen

are very high.

2. Similarly, rigid pavement are a good alternate for the roads in these climatic condition in

comparison but the cost is very high and the investment won’t be feasible considering the

traffic growth.

3. The paver blocks require high maintenance so the alternate is discarded.

4. So, the best alternates which is proposed for this project is to use VG 10 in base course

and PMB Bitumen in Surface Course.

2.6 Right-of-Way

The proposed road is a new proposal (green field alignment). So, no details of the The consultant

could not collect any information from revenue authorities also. In built-up area, the land

available is between 10m to 12m only.

2.7 Design of Pavement

It is based upon CBR-10%, Traffic msa -2, Design period – 15 years, VDF-1.5, Annual Growth of

traffic rate 5% and minimum Design speed 20.00 Km/h. However the proposed pavement

composition is based on CBR-10% and msa -2.

Pavement composition is designed as under:

Table 5: Proposed Pavement Crust

Crust Provided Thickness (mm)

PMB 30

DBM 50


24

Crust Provided Thickness (mm)

CRM in 2-layers 225

GSB in 1 Layer 150

Subgrade 500

Total 955

2.7.1 Cross Section Elements & Alignment

a) Cross Section Elements Hill road cross-section has the usual components of carriageway, shoulder and longitudinal drain

and parapet/railing requirements. The carriageway and shoulder widths are governed by the

traffic volume expected on the road. Other components are functions of traffic safety and surface

run-off requirements. Roadway, however, is defined as the total width of carriageway and

shoulder.

Sl. No. Design Elements Dimension in m

1. Roadway width 6.25

2 Roadway width at Bridges (including

width of side drain and parapet wall)

12.00

3 Carriageway width 3.75

4 Cross-slopes / camber (%) 2.5

b) Geometric Design The general alignment of the road under this project is as:

The project road from Km 0 /000 to 84/425 Km as per design Chainage alignment: 84.425

Km

Road is designed for single lane (6.25 m roadway with 3.75 m carriageway)

Gradient, being the most important parameter, has been the guiding factor. Ruling gradient less

than 6% has been achieved in most point of the road and the maximum gradient being 7% due to

terrain constraints.

c) Horizontal Alignment The project corridor passes through steep and mountainous terrain. The design speed adopted is

minimum 20km/hour (IRC SP: 48). Along the proposed alignment, there are hair-pin bend.

However minimum design speed has been considered on technical grounds. The vertical and

horizontal alignments of the proposed road can be summarized as shown in table below:


25

Table 6: Sharp Curve Details

Project

Stretch

length

No. of Curves with Design Speed in km/h

No. of Curves with Radius (m)

<30 30-40 40-50 >50 <30 30-50 >50

78.351 223 229 229 - 92 75 514

d) Vertical Alignment/Gradient Gradient, being the most important parameter, has been the guiding factor. Ruling gradient (less

than 7%) has been achieved, the maximum gradient being 7% at few selected stretch.

Table 7: Summary of Proposed Vertical Alignment

Project

Stretch

length

Length Distribution (km) and Gradient Class

<4% 4%-5% 5%-6% 6%-7% 7%-8%

78.351 11.75 23.50 11.75 7.83 -

2.8 Design of Embankment / Hill Cutting

Considering the physical features, particularly the terrain, soil classification and hill slope line,

typical cross-section (Type 1 to Type 8) have been developed for hill road cutting / embankment

building.

Concept Plan of the design of the embankment / hill cutting (stretch-wise) has been developed

with specific mention of the formation building methodology / type to be adopted.

Compaction of disposal material

Spreading & Compaction of Roadway cutting and excavation from drain and foundation of other

structures surplus material in layers not exceeding 300mm thickness at selected disposal location

as specified by forest department by Dozer at least four passes including construction of approach

road to dumping site.

2.9 Pavement Proposal

The provision for pavement includes different layers of sub-base, base, and surfacing course as

appropriate throughout the whole stretch of the road.

Granular Sub-base (GSB): 150mm thick sub-base layer of crushed stone aggregate has

been proposed. The sub-base course has been extended up to full width of the formation.

Extra quantities for widening at curves, major and minor junction locations are

calculated separately and final quantities are worked out.


26

Crusher Run Macadam Base (CRM): 225mm thick base layer of Crusher Run Macadam is

proposed for 4.25m width.

Dense Bituminous Macadam of 50 mm thick and 20mm thick of Polymer Modified

Bitumen as surfacing course has been proposed.

2.10 Shoulder Design

The carriageway width of 3.75m and earthen shoulder width of 1.25 m on both side. The

remaining 1.0m on each side shall be used to accommodate side drain on hill side or parapet/soft

shoulder on valley side.

Table 8: DEVELOPMENT SCHEME

Sl.

No

.

Design

Chainage

Length Typical Cross-section

From To

1 0.000 84.425 84.425 Single Carriageway (3.75 m), with 1.25 m earthen shoulder on both sides, provision of drain on hill side and

required protection works on both hill side and valley side.

Figure 9: Proposed Typical Cross-section

TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 1


27




28


TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 5 (Extra Widening Section)

TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 6 (Overtaking Zone Section)

2.11 Culverts & Bridge:

The project road traverses through mountainous and steep terrains with several natural

drainages such as deep gorges, depressions, etc., where perennial water and rain water runoff are

collected. Sometimes the storm runoff is accompanied by large quantities of debris from

upstream side of the nallahs. Cross-drainage structures/culverts are required at these locations.

From the field survey and investigations and geometric design of alignment the requirement of

culverts for the whole length of the project have been identified.

Table 9: Culvert Details

Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 1. 0+090 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 2. 0+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 3. 0+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 4. 0+405 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 5. 0+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 6. 0+430 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 7. 0+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 8. 1+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert


29

Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 9. 1+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 10. 1+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 11. 2+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 12. 2+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 13. 2+320 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 14. 2+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 15. 2+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 16. 3+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 17. 3+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 18. 3+400 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 19. 3+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

20. 4+180 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 21. 4+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 22. 4+390 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 23. 4+450 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 24. 4+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 25. 4+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 26. 5+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 27. 5+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 28. 5+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 29. 5+750 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

30. 5+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 31. 5+930 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 32. 5+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 33. 6+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 34. 6+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 35. 6+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 36. 6+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 37. 6+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 38. 6+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 39. 6+670 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

40. 6+710 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 41. 6+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 42. 7+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 43. 7+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 44. 7+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 45. 8+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 46. 8+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 47. 8+135 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

48. 9+215 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 49. 9+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 50. 9+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 51. 9+945 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 52. 10+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 53. 10+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 54. 10+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 55. 10+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 56. 11+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 57. 11+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 58. 11+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 59. 11+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

60. 12+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 61. 12+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert


30

Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 62. 12+415 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 63. 12+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 64. 12+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 65. 12+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 66. 13+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 67. 13+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

68. 13+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 69. 13+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 70. 14+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 71. 15+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 72. 15+450 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 73. 15+620 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 74. 15+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 75. 15+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 76. 16+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 77. 16+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 78. 16+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 79. 17+050 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

80. 17+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 81. 17+350 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 82. 17+830 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 83. 17+840 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert



88. 18+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 89. 18+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 90. 19+370 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

91. 19+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 92. 19+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 93. 19+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 94. 19+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 95. 19+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 96. 20+010 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 97. 20+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert


100. 20+850 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 101. 20+870 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 102. 21+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 103. 21+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 104. 21+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 105. 21+690 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 106. 21+730 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 107. 22+270 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 108. 22+620 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 109. 22+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 110. 22+690 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 111. 22+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 112. 22+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 113. 22+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 114. 23+040 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert


31

Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 115. 23+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 116. 23+450 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 117. 23+810 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 118. 23+930 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 119. 24+040 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 120. 24+150 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 121. 24+320 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 122. 24+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 123. 24+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 124. 24+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 125. 24+760 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 126. 24+770 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 127. 24+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 128. 24+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 129. 25+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 130. 25+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 131. 25+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 132. 25+400 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 133. 25+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 134. 25+805 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 135. 25+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 136. 25+825 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 137. 25+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 138. 26+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 139. 26+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 140. 26+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 141. 26+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 142. 26+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 143. 26.680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 144. 26+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 145. 26+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 146. 27+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 147. 27+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 148. 27+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 149. 27+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 150. 27+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 151. 27+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 152. 27+860 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 153. 27+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 154. 28+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 155. 28+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 156. 28+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 157. 28+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 158. 28+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 159. 28+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 160. 28+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 161. 28+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 162. 29+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 163. 29+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 164. 29+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 165. 29+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 166. 30+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 167. 30+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert


32

Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 168. 30+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 169. 30+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 170. 30+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 171. 30+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 172. 30+740 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 173. 31+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 174. 31+150 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 175. 31+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 176. 31+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 177. 31+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 178. 31+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 179. 31+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 180. 31+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 181. 32+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 182. 32+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 183. 32+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 184. 32+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 185. 32+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 186. 32+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 187. 32+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 188. 32+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 189. 33+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 190. 33+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 191. 33+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 192. 33+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 193. 33+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 194. 34+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 195. 34+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 196. 34+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 197. 34+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 198. 34+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 199. 34+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 200. 34+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 201. 34+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 202. 34+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 203. 34+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 204. 34+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 205. 34+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 206. 34+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 207. 35+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 208. 35+010 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 209. 35+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 210. 35+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 211. 36+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 212. 36+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 213. 36+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 214. 36+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 215. 37+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 216. 37+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 217. 37+180 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 218. 37+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 219. 37+505 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 220. 37+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert


33



34



35



36

Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 380. 81+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 381. 81+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 382. 82+150 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 383. 82+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 384. 82+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 385. 82+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 386. 82+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 387. 83+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 388. 83+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 389. 83+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 390. 83+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 391. 83+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 392. 84+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert

Table 10: List of proposed Minor Bridge

Sl. no

NEW CHAINAGE Proposed Span Proposed TYPE

1. 2+220 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 2. 3+920 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 3. 4+900 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 4. 7+480 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 5. 10+420 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 6. 10+980 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 7. 19+360 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 8. 21+320 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 9. 22+200 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 10. 24+520 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 11. 25+480 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 12. 26+580 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 13. 27+120 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 14. 28+060 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 15. 29+880 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 16. 33+740 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 17. 36+500 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 18. 36+740 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 19. 39+040 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab

20. 40+800 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 21. 41+560 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 22. 47+000 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 23. 48+420 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 24. 48+630 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 25. 50+220 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 26. 58+460 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 27. 62+140 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 28. 63+900 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 29. 66+320 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab

30. 68+140 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 31. 68+580 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 32. 69+240 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab


37

Sl. no

NEW CHAINAGE Proposed Span Proposed TYPE

33. 70+440 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 34. 71+700 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 35. 73+000 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 36. 73+100 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 37. 74+880 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 38. 76+500 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 39. 78+060 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab

40. 79+420 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab

2.12 Slope Protection works:

Adequate Protective structures are proposed for retaining of cut/fill slopes to ensure

stability of the road formation at locations where required. The proposed type and

length of each structure are shown in the table below:

2.12.1 Breast Wall

The soils have been retained with a safe slope by the breast wall which has been provided

as per the height of the cutting section. The breast wall provision varies from 0.5 m to 4

m in height. The protection structure composes of RR masonry. The soils above the breast

wall are protected soil nailing and seeding mulching.

2.12.2 Retaining Wall

The filling sections towards the valley side are protected with RR masonry retaining

walls which vary from 1 m to 10 m height. The structures are provided as per the

difference in levels of original ground level (OGL) and formation road level (FRL). The

retaining walls are reinforced with geotextiles which provide strength to these

protecting structures.

2.13 Drainage

Pavement Drainage includes camber/ cross fall of 2.50%. Slope 3.0 % has been

considered for drainage of shoulders.

Roadside drains are designed as Lined drains of 0.6 m width throughout the project

stretch. The drains are provided with RR Masonary.

Table 11: Chainages with Drain Provision

Sl.No. Design Chainage (km)

Length Side From To

1. 0.000 84.425 84.425 Hill Side (0.6 m)


38

Chutes of the culverts form part of the culvert structure to lead the discharge to the catch

pit or to natural drainage channel.

2.14 Road Sign and Markings

The project design includes (a) Mandatory / Regulatory Signs, (b) Cautionary / Warning

Signs and (c) Information Signs, Route Marker Signs are provided .KM Stones are included

as per type design.

2.15 Road Furniture

Traffic Safety Posts and Parapet Walls are included. Traffic Signs Marking & other Road

Appurtenances like W-Beam Crash Barriers are provided for protection of works.

2.15.1 W-Beam Crash Barrier

The W-Beam Metal Crash Barriers are provided at the curve location on the radius of the

curves.

2.15.2 Parapet cum Guard Wall

The valley side of the project stretch is provided with parapet walls of 0.7 m (PCC type)

to provide safety to the road users.

2.15.3 Rock Fall Barrier

The portions with slope cutting of 15 m or more has been provided with rock fall barriers

of 10 m height.

2.16 Communication Facility

The project facility includes wireless telecommunication system with internet facilities for better

communication in the hills which is prior necessity for the army personnel using the road.

Table 12: LIST SIGNS TO BEPROVIDED ALONG THE PROJECT CORRIDOR

SL NO SIGNS CHAINAGE

1

To be provided at

1. At hairpin bends

2. Sharp Curves

Total of 212 x 2=424


39


2

To be provided at the start of a structure.


3

These are provided at curves with very less

curvature to show turning of the project road.


4

Right Turn Ahead Signs to be provided at curves


5

Left Turn Ahead Signs to be provided at curves


6

Hairpin Bend Ahead Signs to be provided at

hairpin bends

Total of 15 x 2=30


40


7

Narrow Road Ahead to be provided at bridge

ends

Total of 40 x 2=80

8

Road Studs to be provided on edge of roads

9

This object is to be provided as per the site

location near the hairpin curves

Total of 15 x 2=30

10

These strips are to be provided on the W-Beam

Crash Barriers and structures

11

These signs are to be provided at places where

the hill are stiff and are prone to landslide

Total of 30 x 2=60


41


12

The curves and hairpin bends are to be provided

with no overtaking sign boards


13

Snow markers to be installed on roads laden

with snow for easy identification of carriageway

Total 350 nos.

2.17 Natural Resources Requirement

Natural resources required in the form of raw material for the above interventions are as given

in Table below.

TABLE 13: DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Materials required Quantity Sources identified and tested

Earthwork 9.5 lakh cum 0 km (At site) Aggregate 7.89 lakh MT 0 km (At site) Sand 5.26 lakh MT 0 km (At site) Water 1320 kl/day Bitumen 1347 cum Haldia Refinery Cement 0.53 lakh cum

Land Total Land required: 157.145 ha Total Govt Land: 0.180 ha Total Private Land: 15.841 ha Total Forest Land:141.124 ha

DESCRIPTION OF

ENVIRONMENT


43

Chapter 3 Description of Environment

3.1 General

The Environmental Assessment identifies and assesses the existing environmental feature, which

is based on the field survey within Proposed ROW, as well as data collected from various

secondary sources. It is required in order to assess the magnitude of potential impacts both

beneficial as well as adverse due to the proposed project activities on the environment.

3.2 Physical Environment

Location The project road traverses through the Hilly and steep terrain (see Fig. 3.1) and elevation of the

District ranges between 1332m to 4564 m. The district of North Sikkim lies in the eastern part of

the state of Sikkim and situated between 27 32 N and 27 27 N latitude and between 88 38 E

and 88 46 E longitudes. In general, the whole District is full of rugged and undulating terrains

with the exception of the deep gorges, steep precipice and narrow valleys carved out by the

tributaries and Teesta river. The project road takes off at km 0.000 at Toong and it passes through

Partem and end at PT 4865 at Km 84.425.

Figure 10: Contour generated for the project road

Topography The North Sikkim district in the State of Sikkim are bounded on the North and East by China, on

the South by East, West and South District and on the West by Nepal. The North Sikkim is formed

of various rock types with varying lithological characters. Different denudation like rainfall,


44

surface water and temperature conditions have played an important role on the rock types in

moulding the landforms of the area. It is a remarkable hilly tract with a chain of hillocks. The

North Sikkim is a part the Great Himalayan Mountain Range.

The most prominent effect of the steepness of the valleys is the prevalence of landslides that at

times drop to anything between 3000 and 5,000 ft (1,500 m) carrying devastation along their

course. Most of them are caused either by the melting snow beds on top of the mountains or by

erosive action of the rains.

Most of the people of the state reside near Mangan, the district headquarters which is about 2,000

feet (610 m) above sea level. Further north the elevation increases with the vegetation turning

from temperate to alpine to tundra. Temperatures range from about 25° to below −40° in the

extreme high reaches where the altitude is in excess of 6,000 metres. Kanchenjanga is the highest

peak at over 8,000 m, straddling its western border with Nepal and can be seen clearly from the

town of Singhik.

Geology and Mineral Resources of North Sikkim The project road is developed along the geological discontinuity of regional importance called

Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone. The Indus-Yarlung suture zone or the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture

is a tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the north margin of the Himalayas which resulted

from the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate starting about 52 Ma. The north

side of the suture zone is the Ladakh Batholith of the Karakoram-Lhasa Block. The rocks of the

suture zone consist of an ophiolite mélanges composed of Neotethys oceanic crustal flyschs and

ophiolites; the Dras Volcanics: which are basalts, dacites and minor radiolarian cherts - the

remains of a mid to late Mesozoic volcanic island arc; and the Indus Molasse which are an Eocene

or later continental clastic sediments.

The project road is seen to have deep forest which signifies the proneness of landslide in this area.

Whereas as considering the past geological movements, the process of suture zone renders the

rock more fragile with the development of more geological discontinuities. The rocks are

pulverized in this zone. During the road construction, suitable precaution shall be adopted to

minimize the landslide problems due to earth cutting. The cut slopes for the construction shall be

planned systematically in order to avoid slips and other instabilities along road cuts. Few

landslide zones are interpreted from the images near the streams and ridges could be identified

along the alignment. The snow bound areas also forms small glaciers which leads to basis of

landslides in these areas. So, the stability of the project road should be taken care off during the

construction.


45

Climate The state has five seasons: winter, summer, spring, autumn, and a monsoon season between June

and September. Sikkim's climate ranges from sub-tropical in the south to tundra in the north.

Most of the inhabited regions of Sikkim experience a temperate climate, with temperatures

seldom exceeding 28 °C (82 °F) in summer. The average annual temperature for most of Sikkim

is around 18 °C (64 °F).

Sikkim is one of the few states in India to receive regular snowfall. The snow line ranges from

6,100 metres (20,000 ft) in the south of the state to 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in the north.[58] The

tundra-type region in the north is snowbound for four months every year, and the temperature

drops below 0 °C (32 °F) almost every night.[53] In north-western Sikkim, the peaks are frozen

year-round;[59] because of the high altitude, temperatures in the mountains can drop to as low

as −40 °C (−40 °F) in winter.

During the monsoon, heavy rains increase the risk of landslides. The record for the longest period

of continuous rain in Sikkim is 11 days. Fog affects many parts of the state during winter and the

monsoons, making transportation perilous.

Land Use Pattern The land use map of the district is shown in Fig. below and pattern within 500m radius of the

road is shown in Fig and map in Annexures. Forest cover is dominant Landuse of the area followed

by agriculture, barren land.


46

Figure 11: Landuse Pattern Map

Drainage The major river Teesta originating and has formed an important river basin in the North district,

Sikkim. The Teesta valley is characterized by glacial and per glacial landforms in the study area

and by abundant fluvial terraces in the lower stretch. This is only major drainage found in the

project surrounding. The drainage pattern is shown below.


47

Figure 12: Drainage Pattern Map

Ground Water Sources along the Road Alignment At present the main sources of water in the State is surface and sub-surface water flows. Springs

occur where sloping ground and impenetrable rocks intersects with the ground water table. In

Sikkim, Himalayan mountains spring provide the main water source to the rural and urban

populations. Over the years some of these springs have dried up or become seasonal and the

discharge during the lean seasons is declining. The main cause of the declining of springs is

mainly population increase, erosion of top soil, erratic rainfall/ weather patterns, deforestation,

forest fire and developmental activities ( e.g. road construction, building construction etc.).

3.2.1 Ground and Surface Water Quality

Water quality along the road is good as reported by Water testing Laboratories, Public Health

Engineering Department, and Shillong. There are no major pollution sources in the area.

Apparently, the running water is suitable for drinking, construction and irrigation purposes.

However, in order to find out the existing water quality scenario samples were collected from


48

surface as well as groundwater sources i.e. rivers. Details of the sampling locations and result of

ground water quality are given in Table below.

Table 14: Ground Water quality near the Project Road

Parameters Units Hand pump Naga Village (near KM 0.000)

Desirable Limit as per IS:10500

Permissible Limits as per IS:10500

Turbidity NTU < 1.0 5 10 pH 6.76 6.5 – 8.5 No Relaxation Total Hardness (as CaC03)

mg/L 271.0 300 600

Iron (as Fe) mg/L <0.1 0.3 1 Chloride (as CI-) mg/L 21.03 250 1000

Fluoride (as F-) mg/L < 1.0 1 1.5 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 43.6 Copper (as Cu) mg/L <0.05 0.05 1.5 Manganese (as Mn) mg/L <0.01 0.1 0.3

Sulphate(as S04~") mg/L 115.6 200 400

Phenolic Compounds

mg/L < 0.002 0.001 0.002

Mercury (as Hg) mg/L < 0.002 0.001 No Relaxation Selenium (as Se) mg/L <0.1 0.01 No Relaxation

Arsenic (as As) mg/L <0.1 0.05 No Relaxation Cyanide (as Cn) mg/L <0.01 0.05 No Relaxation Lead (as Pb) mg/L < 1.0 0.05 No Relaxation Zinc (as Zn) mg/L <0.5 5 15 Chromium (as Cr+6)

mg/L <0.05 0.05 No Relaxation

Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L < 1.0 0.01 No Relaxation Aluminium (as Al) mg/L <0.03 0.03 0.2 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 6.8 >1.0 - Boron (as B) mg/L 0.28 1 5 Total Kjehdal Nitrogen

mg/L < 1.1

Phosphorus (as P04)

mg/L 1.3

Potassium (as K) mg/L 3.1

Sodium (as Na) mg/L 8.6

Anionic Detergents (as MBAS)

mg/L <0.05

Temperature °C 18.0

Salinity mg/L 256.0

Nitrate (as N03) mg/L 1.8 45 100

Alkalinity (as HC03)

mg/L 27.0 200 600


49

Table 15: Surface Water quality along the Project Road

Parameters Unit River, Teesta (KM-0.000)

Color Hazen <5.0 Odour - Unobjectionable

Taste — Agreeable

Turbidity NTU < 1.0 PH - 5.63 Total Hardness (as CaC03) mg/L 143.0

Conductivity pS/cm 164.0 Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 34.60 Iron (as Fe) mg/L <0.1 Chloride (as CI-) mg/L 7.8 Fluoride (as F-) mg/L < 1.0

Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 101.0

Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 18.0 Sulphate (as S04) mg/L 22.5 Nitrate (as N03) mg/L <0.1

Alkalinity (as CaC03) mg/L 4.31 Boron (as B) mg/L < 0.025

Phosphorus (as P04) mg/L 1.2

COD (as 02) 9.4 BOD (3 Days at 27 Deg.C) 5.2

Sodium Absorption Ratio mq/L < 1.0

Salinity mg/L 123.9

Total Suspended Solids mg/L <5.0

Faecal Coliform MPN/100 mL 6 Total Coliform MPN /100 mL 23 E.coH MPN/100 mL Absent

3.2.2 Air Quality

Air quality was monitored at two locations in the project corridor. The monitoring station

comprises rural and barren areas. At all these location all the parameters were with in

permissible limits.

Parameters Units Naga Village (near KM 0.000)

Partem ( km 55.000)

Permissible limit as per CPCB

Time Weighted average

Particulate Matter (PM10)

µg/m³ 42.3 48.6 100 24

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

µg/m³ 19.7 22.7 60 24

Sulphur dioxide (as S02)

µg/m³ 5.0 3.4 80 24

Nitrogen dioxide (as NOx)

µg/m³ 12.1 13.8 80 24

Carbon monoxide (as CO)

mg/m3 < 0.8 < 0.6 2 8

Lead (as Pb) µg/m³ <0.1 <0.1 1 24


50

Parameters Units Naga Village (near KM 0.000)

Partem ( km 55.000)

Permissible limit as per CPCB

Time Weighted average

Nickel (as Ni) ng/m3 < 8.0 < 6.0 20 Annual Arsenic (as As) ng/m3 <1.0 <1.0 6 Annual Ozone (as 03)

µg/m³ < 7.0 < 7.0 100 8

Ammonia (as NH3)

µg/m³ <12.0 <10.0 400 24

Benzene (as C6H6)

µg/m³ < 0.5 < 0.5 5 Annual

Benzo (a) Pyrine- Particulate phase only

µg/m³ < 0.5 < 0.5 1 Annual

3.2.3 Noise Quality

Since project road is a new alignment and mostly passes through open and dense jungle

vegetation area, noise is not a major problem at present. Noise level monitoring has been

conducted during the detailed survey at different zones to know the present noise scenario.

S.No. Location Units Permissible Limits Leq (Day)

Leq (Night)

Ldn Leq(day) Leq(Night)

1 Km 0.000 db(A) 50 40 25.8 29.5 31.0

2 Km 55.000 db(A) 50 40 32.5 27.1 33.6

3.3 Ecological Resources

3.3.1 Biological Resources

Flora and Fauna The proposed road does not pass through any Wildlife Sanctuary or national park, however,

part of project road passes through Mangan Reserve forest area, Chaap, Phalaot, Katus and

Rani Chaap are main trees found along the project area.

3.4 AREAS OF CONCERN

Environmental Assessment survey, focused group discussion and secondary data has led to

the conclusion that from environmental point of view following areas are the point of concern

from environment.

• Bio-diversity,

• High density of trees at several places within ROW,

• Minimum disturbance to natural resources i.e. rivers, streams etc.,

• Plantation under social forestry scheme along the road,


51

Figure 13: Forest Map of Sikkim

Figure 14: Protected Areas of Sikkim

52

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT AND MITIGATION

MEASURES


53

Chapter 4 Potential Environmental

Impact and Mitigation Measures

4.1 General

The potential environmental impact depends on the nature of disturbance to the natural eco-

system as well as to the physical environment. The project activities such as levelling, hill cutting,

clearing of vegetation, felling of trees along the road, construction of culverts & bridges on rivers,

setting up of labour & construction camps, siting of construction machinery and other related

operations are bound to cause environmental impacts (positive/negative). The impact, due to

road project on environment, can be minimized, if proposed mitigation measures are adopted

during design, construction and operation phase. The potential impact on environment is

discussed below:

4.2 Impact on Environmental Resources

4.2.1 Water Environment

Impact on Surface Water Quality Construction Phase

The project road passes through many seasonal and perennial streams along the alignment.

Contamination of surface water may take place due to spills of construction materials, oil, grease,

fuel and paint, improper sanitation, and waste disposal from construction camps etc. This can be

kept under check by adequate precautionary/mitigative measures. Control measures will be

exercised to prevent any contamination of water while construction of bridges and to control the

suspended solids during road construction. During construction phase care would be exercised to

control dust so that water of springs, falls etc. especially those located very near to the ROW may

not get contaminated. Car washing platforms are present in the project road and water released

from the above may lead to surface and groundwater contamination.

Operation Phase

It is envisaged that there is probability of positive impacts, during operation phase, due to the

proposed construction of road. The extent of vehicles going on to the berms causing dust etc.

would reduce and the drainage system will improve, thus, reducing adverse effect of soil erosion.

Impact on Ground Water Quality

Ground water pollution can take place only if leachate from dump containing chemical substances,

reaches the ground water table. In this project no such material in substantial quantity will be

used. Even otherwise, there is no groundwater, reportedly, available along the project road.

Hence, no impact on the ground water quality is anticipated from the project during the

construction and operation phase. Wastewater from car washing platforms contains oils, grease

etc., may contaminate the groundwater


54

Mitigation Measures

To avoid contamination of the various water bodies and drainage channels, construction work

close to the streams or other water bodies will be avoided, especially, during monsoon period.

All wastes arising from the project will be disposed off, in strict adherence to the State Pollution

Control Board norms. Silt fencing will be provided to prevent sediments and pollutants from the

construction site entering into the nearby watercourses.

4.2.2 Land Requirement

Construction Phase

The present road construction will require land acquisition, which will lead to change in

land use pattern. No adverse impact on the environment is anticipated due to

hydrological factors. However cutting of hills will have adverse impacts e.g. erosion,

unstable hill slopes etc.

The problem of soil erosion during the construction stage is likely to be more

pronounced along bridge-end fills, over steep banks and embankment slopes.

Destabilization of slopes is expected due to embankments, modification of flows. Site

tipping and spoil material will lead to increased erosion. Water flow diversion will also

lead to soil erosion.

Compaction of soil will occur in the pre-construction and construction stage

(particularly during site clearance stage) due to movement of heavy machinery and

vehicles. Compaction of soil is likely to occur during transplantation of trees and during

setting up of construction camps and stockyards.

Contamination of soil will result due to solid waste disposed from construction camps,

leakage and spillage of fuel and lubricants from construction vehicles, improper disposal

of construction wastes and spoils.

Operation Phase

Contamination of soil is expected due to deposition of the chemicals from the emission

of the vehicles as well as accidental spills from the vehicles. During operation phase

following restrictions should be imposed.

Construction within ROW should be such as not to cause damage to the environment

and the existing regulation should be enforced strictly.

Usage of Bio-engineering techniques for slope stabilization (Annexure 4.1)

Plantation of trees, shrubs and bushes as appropriate to soil characteristics and climate

conditions.


55

Mitigation Measures

The adverse impacts on the land due to the project will be mitigated by

a) minimizing the area of ground clearance,

b) avoiding steep slopes, excess cut & fill to minimize the production to spoil

material, c) avoiding the use of contaminated site,

d) avoiding slopes whose embankment angles are more than natural angle of

repose for that soil,

e) replanting the disturbed areas immediately after disturbance stopped, instead of

waiting for the construction to get over.

Replanting cleared areas and slopes is the most effective action to be taken in reducing

erosion and stability problems. Grasses will be planted on the embankment slopes to

effectively limit the surface erosion. Slope retaining structures will be provided where

slopes are unstable, and vegetation growth is very slow. Stone pitching, riprap and rock

material embedment in slope face, gabions and cribs will protect river embankments.

Better drainage facility will be provided to control speed, volume and location of flow.

To prevent the compaction of soil and the trampling of the vegetation around the

construction sites and temporary access roads, it will be ensured that the construction

machinery and equipment will move, or be stationed in the designated area. To

minimize compaction of soil, all the vehicles will as far as possible, follow per-designated

routes.

At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment will be maintained and

refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil. It will be

ensured that the fuel storage and refueling sites are kept away from drainage channels

and important water bodies.

4.2.3 Air Environment

Construction Phase

The air quality can deteriorate due to generation of particulate matter from the

vehicular emission by movement of vehicle during construction activities & generation

of suspended solids from construction activity, which may involve site clearance, earth

filling and material loading, hauling and unloading. The impact is expected to be

temporary and confined to the construction area. However, high quantities of dust may

have implications on the health of the people living near the project area and the

construction workers. Hence, efforts would be made to sprinkle water regularly to

address these adverse effects.


56

Operation Phase

Increase in air pollutant load is expected during the operation phase, since traffic volume is

projected to be high. It is essential that appropriate traffic safety measures are included in the

project design so that with the increase in traffic volume, men, animals, etc are not affected by

accidents.

Traffic The design consideration has been based on future traffic which is expected to be the para

military forces patrolling to the LOC of Indo-China Border. The maximum axle load of an Army

Vehicle is 20, 000 lbs. So, considering the army vehicles to be traversing the project road 5 msa

traffic is considered for designing the road.

Mitigation Measures The negative impacts on air quality during construction will be mostly localized in the Right of

Way (RoW). However, it is likely that impacts due to dust generation are felt downwind of the

site rather than the site itself. Some of the mitigation measures suggested for control of air

pollution are as described below.

The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least

1000m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement;

All precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from the hot mix plants,

crushers and batching plants will be taken up. The hot mix plant will be

fitted with dust extraction units;

All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be

regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform

to the SPCB norms. Regular monitoring of Suspended particulate Matter at

crusher sites, during the construction, will be conducted;

Water will be sprayed on the lime/cement and earth mixing sites, asphalt

mixing site and temporary service and access. After compacting the

earthwork, water will be sprayed on regularly to prevent dust;

To avoid dust emissions likely to result from the spills of construction

materials and borrow materials, the vehicles delivering material will be

covered;

Planting of trees/vegetation on the periphery of the construction site must

be taken up; and

During the operation stage of the project, vehicular emissions of critical

pollutants (SPM, RSPM, CO, SO2, NOx and Pb) will be monitored and


57

roadside tree plantation will be maintained.

4.2.4 Noise Environment

Construction Phase

Increase in traffic due to construction activities may lead to increase in the noise level especially

at congested and sensitive areas. Due to the operation of construction equipments, there will be

a rise in noise level, though temporary in nature. In order to avoid the rise in noise level,

construction machinery should be located away from the settlements. Plantation scheme will be

suggested for noise screening and noise barriers will be recommended (if need be) at sensitive

locations i.e. schools and hospitals.

Operation Phase

Development of the new road will increase the noise levels due to movement of the Army

vehicles and during the construction phase due to the construction vehicles.

Mitigation Measures

In order to avoid the rise in noise level, construction machinery should be located at least 500 m

away from the settlements. Contractors will be advised to provide earplugs to workers to reduce

the impact of noise pollution. The noisy construction operations and their duration will be

scheduled in such a way to prevent nighttime activities. In addition to above, the contractor will

follow guidelines prescribed by CPCB.

Diverting traffic in sensitive areas, providing signages, will help reduce noise. Proper design and

maintenance of vehicles will also help in reduction of noise levels.

4.2.5 Landslides

Construction Phase

The road construction will require hill cutting which will lead to movement of rocks, soils etc. As

all this done in controlled and environmental safe manner, hence minimum impact on the

environment is anticipated

The problem of soil erosion during the construction stage is likely to be more pronounced along

landslide area

Operation Phase

Construction within ROW should be such as not to cause damage to the environment and the

existing regulation should be enforced strictly.

Mitigation Measures

The adverse impacts on the land due to the project will be mitigated by

a. minimizing the area of ground clearance,


58

b. avoiding steep slopes, excess cut & fill to minimize the production to spoil material,

c. avoiding slopes whose embankment angles are more than natural angle of repose for

that soil,

d. replanting the disturbed areas immediately after disturbance stopped, instead of waiting

for the construction to get over.

e. Replanting cleared areas and slopes is the most effective action to be taken in reducing

erosion and stability problems. Grasses will be planted on the embankment slopes to

effectively limit the surface erosion.

4.2.6 IMPACT ON HUMAN USE VALUES

Induced Development (Land use pattern change)

The construction of the project road is expected to cause some changes in the land use. In this

process, areas presently under agriculture and mixed jungle vegetation area may be diverted for

development and other usage.

The impact of the road development is mainly concerned about the movement of the army

vehicle and war practices. The specific benefits of the road improvement will include reduction

in travel time.

Mitigation Measures

Degraded land will be developed by adopting appropriate enhancement measures.

Compensatory plantation of new trees will make up for the loss of trees. Private land acquired

will be compensated financially as per state govt. laws.

4.3 Impact on Ecological Resources

4.3.1 Impact on Vegetation

Widening of the road could cause ecological degradation of the environment, as 5,88,35,768

trees/plants were likely to be affected in the construction stage. Loss of large number of trees

and vegetation cover may result in the climatic changes.

In the operation phase environmental quality would be considerably improved by adopting

environmentally sound engineering designs maintaining the aesthetic quality through

landscaping and arboriculture practices.

Mitigation Measures

Number of trees to be cut has been kept at the minimum level No construction vehicle will be

allowed to enter into the dense forest area. During construction, proper care will be exercised to

avoid additional loss/cutting of trees. Construction camp will be sited at least 2 km away from


59

the forest area. To balance the ecological loss, compensatory afforestation will be done as per

the clearance condition laid down by the forest department.

4.3.2 Impact on Wildlife & Forest

Construction Phase

There is no wildlife reported in the project area hence, there will be no impact on wildlife, During

the construction phase, adverse impacts on the biodiversity is expected as the part of project road

lies in the dense jungle vegetated area. Temporary displacement of the aquatic fauna, if any, may

take place during the construction of the bridges over the rivers and canals across the road. The

accidental spillage of chemicals coming with surface runoff may disturb the fauna of these water

bodies. This will have to be mitigated by implementing the mitigation measures and involving the

relevant forest officials, to ensure the implementation, while work is being carried out.

Operation Phase

During operation phase due to the increased traffic and widening of the road, there are chances

of accidents of wild animals while crossing the road. The noise created by the fast moving vehicles

may disturb the fauna, whatever remaining. In order to avoid this adverse impact, the speed of

the vehicles shall be restricted especially during nighttime.

4.4 PEOPLE’S CONCERNS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Major concerns on environmental issues surfaced during the discussions with local peoples,

which are summarized as follows:

Protection of water bodies, that are very close to the project road,

Conservation of biodiversity/medicinal plants in the project area,

Minimum loss to the properties,

Minimum loss to agricultural land

Compensation for trees / plants going to be affected,

4.5 EVALUATION OF IMPACT

The Environmental Impact Evaluation process involves four basic steps viz-

Identification,

Interpretation,

Evaluation and

Communication


60

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Sl. No.

Environme

ntal Issue Management Measures

Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and

Execution Supervision /

Monitoring

DESIGN/ PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Pre-construction activities by Project Implementation Unit

1 Alignment

D.1

.1

Critical

sections/

settlements

Provision of service roads to separate the settlements along the road from through traffic

Provision of footpaths on sides for preventing pedestrians to use the road

Provision of large concrete drains on both sides with cover

Improvement of intersections with VUPs Design the road with minimum effect on

structures and trees Raising of the road at the submersible locations

Bus stops at suitable locations for all settlements

Project Corridor Technical

specifications

Design

consultant

CPWD

D.1

.2

Open areas The speed of the alignment is 40 kmph Medians of 4 m wide provided for anti glaring

Project Corridor Technical

specifications

Design

consultant

CPWD

2 Land

D.2

.1 Land

Acquisition The acquisition of land and properties (Govt. /private) will be carried out in accordance with the Rehabilitation Action Plan as prescribed by Govt. of Sikkim, as per the entitlement framework for the project and ROW of 24 m and 20 m

CPWD has to ascertain that any additional environmental

impacts resulting from additional acquisition of land shall

Corridor of

Impact

LA Act 1984 and

its

Amendments,

R&R Policy

EMU of CPWD,

Revenue

Dept., NGOs,

EMU of CPWD


61

Sl. No.

Environme


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

be addressed and integrated into the EMP and other

relevant contract documents. Collaborating

Agencies

P.2

.2

Quarries and

Borrow areas Material from hill cutting for road widening will

be used in place of borrow materials. Existing licensed quarry that are already in

operation and having environmental clearance shall be used for road construction

If any new quarry to be opened by the contractor guidelines of MoEF shall be followed.

At borrow area

location suggested

by Contract

Agreement

(Hill Cutting)

Technical

specifications

Design

consultant

CPWD

3 Water

P.3.

1

Water

sources Use of existing community water sources shall be

prevented

Care to be taken to avoid river pollution during bridge construction

Provision of clear waterway for the rivers while designing bridges to avoid submergence.

All rivers/ surface

water bodies that

can be used in the

project

(11/800 km,

39/300 km)

Technical

specifications

Design

consultant

CPWD

D.3.

2

Road

drainage Provision for adequate number of CD structures

to avoid ponding of water Provision of covered concrete drains on both sides

in built up areas

Provision of earthen drains on both sides in open areas

Raising of the road in submersible areas

As per project

road plan and

section

Technical

specifications

Design

consultant

CPWD

4 Flora and Fauna


62

Sl. No.

Environme


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

D.4.

1

Preservation

of Trees As far as possible maximum efforts to minimize

the list of trees proposed to be felled by suitable on the spot adjustment of engineering designs at the time of execution.

No tree to be cut beyond the toe line

Trees along the

project road falling

within the

proposed ROW

MoRTH 201.2

Guideline-1

Contractor Agency engaged by EMU of CPWD

Supervision

Consultants and

EMU of CPWD

D.4

.2 Road side

plantation Trees will be removed from the Corridor of

Impact before the actual commencement of the construction work to prevent traffic problems and accidents. No construction activity and tree felling should be simultaneously taken up in any location of the package, which has not been cleared by the regional C.C.F. Sikkim or the MoEF Govt. of India for any reason what so ever.

Loss of road side trees to be made good by

compensatory afforestation. Identification of

incidental spaces for plantation of trees.

Trees along the


within the

proposed ROW

MoRTH 201.2

Guideline-1


Supervision

Consultants and

EMU of CPWD

D.4

.3 Fauna to be

affected

Passage provided for crossing the road. Trees along the


within the

proposed ROW

MoRTH 201.2

Guideline-1


Supervision

Consultants and

EMU of CPWD

5 Environmental quality

D.5.

1

Air Quality Pollution resistant tree plantation scheme/ barrier proposed

Better road conditions will improve speeds resulting in efficient use of fuel and thus reduce air pollution

Avenue/ Road side

Plantation along

the project

corridor

Technical

specifications

Design consultant CPWD


63

Sl. No.

Environme


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

D.5.

2

Noise level Improved traffic speeds and riding qualities will reduce noise pollution

Provision of service roads in built up areas reduce with tree barriers prevent noise pollution

Provision of signages like “No Horn” for sensitive location

Throughout the

road corridor and

service road in

built-up sections

Technical

specifications


6 Utilities

D.6

.1 Relocation of

Community

Utilities and

Common

Property

Resources

All CPRs (common property resources) such as stand posts, bore wells, wells, ponds, water supply lines, sewage lines, drainage systems, optical fibre cables, telephone and television cables together with electric power supply lines shall have to be removed and relocated outside the corridor before commencement of the road improvement activity.

Throughout the

corridor

RAP document of

APSRP. EMU of CPWD, Concerned

Agencies, Contractor

EMU of CPWD

D.6

.2 Relocation of affected Cultural and Religious Properties

Religious structures, statues, mandaps and boundaries coming within the RoW has to be demolished after alternate sites are selected for relocation of the structures where total replacement is necessary in consultation with the management committee /trustee /Endowment authority and after disbursement of due compensation amount under the active support and cooperation of local administration as these are very sensitive issues warranting special attention. No such structures be destroyed or removed and relocated without the knowledge and consent of interested parties and location decided after the involvement of local civil and police administration. These activities must be completed before commencement of the physical road improvement activity in that part of the package.

Throughout the

corridor

Annexure (List of

CPRs) EMU of CPWD,

NGOs, Contractor Supervision

Consultant EMU

of CPWD


64

Sl. No.

Environme


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

7 Environmental safety

D.7

.1

Accidents Design improvements to road geometry

Footpath provided for pedestrians to avoid

pedestrian being hit by road vehicles

Metal crash barriers provided at high

embankments and sharp curves

Provision of adequate sight distance at curves

and road junctions

Provision of signages at the reduced speed spots

and settlements, sensitive receptor locations

such as schools, hospitals and at known accident

spots

Throughout the

corridor

D.8 Orientation

of

Implementing

of Agency and

Contractor

A comprehensive training/ orientation schedule has been

prepared at different stages Major towns and

villages

(Yaingangpokpi,

Litan, Finch

Corner)

P.9 Location of

crushers,

HMP, WMM

plant, BMP

etc.

Shall be sited sufficiently away from the settlements, agricultural operations, and commercial establishments i.e at least 500 away

Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all such sites and approval shall be obtained before setting up the plant

At all construction

site location

(36.400 km)

Contractor CPWD


65

Sl. No.

Environme


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

Arrangement to control dust pollution through provision of wind screens, sprinklers and dust encapsulation will have to be provided at all sites.

Specifications of crushers and hot mix plants will comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations and NOC for all such plants shall be submitted

P.1

0

Other

construction

vehicles

All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured and brought to site for construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms and the manufacturer’s specifications. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to.

Noise limits for construction equipments such as compactors, rollers, front loaders concrete mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators and saws will not exceed the value specification the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

The equipment proposed to be used for bridge and culvert construction and must be checked and certified fit, especially with respect to the potential leakage of oil and grease.

The inspection should verify that: � Equipment is clean (free of mud, dirt and oil) � Equipment is in good working order. � A drip pan is available for equipment that will be stored on site. � Concessionaire has a spill kit � Operator is trained on the refueling, maintenance and emergency spill. � A logbook will be maintained documenting all fuelling and maintenance events (date, time, location, condition of site, weather conditions, amount of fuel on maintenance event, issues).

Throughout the

project road/ At

all construction

site location

(36.400 km)

Contractor CPWD


66

Sl. No.

Environme


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

� Adequate inspections will be conducted during the construction period

P.1

1

Arrangemen

t of

construction

water

The Contractor will use ground water / surface water as a source of water for the construction after taking prior permission from Competent Authority.

The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will be used.

To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the Contractor will extract water from fixed locations and consult the Environment Expert before finalizing the locations. The contractor will not be allowed to pump water from any irrigation canal and surface water bodies used by the community. The contractor is required to comply with the requirements of the State Ground Water Department and seek its approval for doing so and submit copies of the permission to Environment Expert of AE & CLIENT

All rivers/ surface

water bodies that

can be used in the

project

Contractor CPWD

P.1

2

Site selection

for disposal

of unsuitable

materials

Contractor shall identify sites away from the project area

where unsuitable materials (debris, solid waste) generated

in the course of the construction can be safely disposed off.

Such locations shall be inspected by the Environment

Expert of Authority Engineer and approved in consultation

with the CLIENT before construction work starts.

At proposed muck

disposal sites

Contractor CPWD


67

Sl. No.

Environme


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

P.1

3

Construction

camp

location,

design and

layout

Sitting of the construction camps will be as per the guidelines below:

Locations of construction camp to be identified by the Contractor.

Construction camps will not be proposed within 500 m from the nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community. Location for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1000m from water sources.

The waste disposal and sewage system for the camp will be designed, built and operated such that no odour is generated.

Unless otherwise arranged by the local sanitary authority, arrangements for night soils (human excreta) disposal approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Environmental Expert will have to be provided by the Contractor.

At all construction

site location

(36.400 km)

Contractor CPWD

P.14 Labor

Requirement

s

The contractor preferably shall use unskilled labor drawn

from local areas to provide maximum benefit to the local

community especially to the SC and ST population along

the corridor.

At all construction

site location

(36.400 km)

General conditions

of Contract

Document

Contractor Environmental

Expert of CPWD

P.15 Orientation

of

Implementin

g

Agency and

Contractors

The CPWD shall organize orientation sessions and regular

training sessions during all stages of the project. This shall

include on-site training (general as well as in the specific

context of a sub-project). These sessions shall involve all

staff of Environmental Cells, field level implementation

staff of CPWD, Environmental Experts of Supervision

Consultant and Contractors.

Major towns and

villages

(Yaingangpokpi,

Litan, Finch

Corner)

Contract

Document EMU/ EMU of

CPWD Environmental

Expert of CPWD


68

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Sl. No.

Environmental

Issue Management Measures

Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and

Execution Supervision

/Monitoring

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Activities to be Carried Out by the Contractor

C.1 Soil

c.1.1. Soil erosion Turfing and pitching shall be done on the embenakments, slopes and shoulders for preventing soil erosion

Stepping to done in the rivers with high bed slopes.

Along the project

corridor (open

section)

Technical

specifications and

drawings


Expert of CPWD

C.1.2 Borrow soil Material excavated from hills to be used for road construction wherever required. Operation of separate borrow areas will be avoided as far as possible

At all borrow area

locations

suggested for the

Contractor

Agreement

Technical

specifications and

drawings


Expert of CPWD

C.1.3 Loss of top soil Top soil will be stripped to specified depth and stored in a stockpile to specified height. It will be spread back at the places of rehabilitation or where required for turfing

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.1.4 Transportation

of excavated

earth

Where vehicles carrying excavated earth pass through the villages, transportation will be done in such a way that it causes least inconvenience and nuisance to nearby people

The unpaved village roads used for the haulage of excavated earth will be maintained properly.

Precautionary measures like covering of vehicles will be taken to avoid spillage and to reduce dust nuisance during transport of materials.

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


69

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

c. 1.5 Compaction of

soil Compaction shall be done for the embankment

in layers Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.1.6 Quarries The Quarry material will be procured only from licensed

quarries operating under environmental clearances,

including transportation of quarry material clearances

under the Air Act.

Safety precautions will be ensured during transportation

of quarry material from quarries to the construction sites

Stockpiling of material will be properly planned so as to

ensure smooth traffic flow on the highway.

All quarries as

approved in the

Contract

agreement

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.1.7 Sand River sand will not be used. Instead stone dust will be

used.

Stone dust will be procured from licensed quarries

operating under environmental clearance. During

transportation trucks will be covered to prevent dust

nuisance

From quarries as

approved in the

Contract

agreement

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.1.8 Contamination

of soil from fuel

and lubricants

Soakage pits along with oil and grease traps will be provided around fuel storage areas.

Construction vehicles and equipments will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil.

Fuel storage and refueling sites will be kept away from drainage channels and important water bodies.

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.1.9 Contamination

of soil from

construction

Cutting and filling will be carried out as per design

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


70

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

wastes and

quarry materials Surplus earth, will be dumped at identified

locations as approved by the SC / CLIENT. All spoils will be disposed off as directed.

The construction wastes (debris) will be dumped at selected locations identified for the purpose and as approved by the SC/CLIENT

Site will be fully cleaned before handing over and no surplus material will be left within ROW

C.2 Water

C.2.1 Water bodies Impact on surface watercourses (rivers and streams)

would be minimized throughout by control over

construction works.

Water Bodies

mentioned in

Table 1

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.2.2 Other water

sources

Community water sources shall not be used during

construction period for which independent water source

will be constructed by the contractor.

Any community water source lost incidentally will be

replaced /compensated

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.2.3 Drainage and

runoff

At cross drainage structures, the earth, stone or any other

obstructing construction material will be removed and

properly disposed of so as not to block the flow of water

any time.

To concrete

drains and CD

structures as

proposed

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.2.4 Contamination of

water from

construction

waste

Construction and locations of plant & machinery

close to the streams and water bodies will be

avoided, especially during monsoon period.

Soak pits will be provided at construction site to

prevent wastewater from entering into rivers

and streams.

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


71

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

All waste arising from the project will be

disposed off as per SPCB norms, so as not to

block the flow of and contaminate water.

Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to

approved disposal sites.


water from fuel

and lubricants

To avoid contamination from fuel and

lubricants, the vehicle and equipment will be

properly maintained and refuelled.

Vehicle maintenance and refuelling in

construction camps will be confined to areas

with traps oil/grease to prevent

wastewater from entering into rivers and streams.

Throughout the

project corridor

C.2.6 Sanitation and

waste

disposal in

construction

camps

Construction camps will be constructed as per

the lay out plan approved by SC/CLIENT

The construction camps will be located away

from habitations (500 m), at identified sites.

The sewage system for such camps will be

properly designed and built so that no water

pollution of any stream or watercourses takes

place.

The workplace will have proper medical

approval by local medical, health or municipal authorities.

At camping sites

C.2.7

Use of water for

construction

The contractor will make independent arrangements for

water required for construction in such a way that the

water availability and supply to nearby communities

remain unaffected.

Suitable locations for water harvesting structures to be

provided by the contractor are identified.

All rivers/ surface

water bodies that

can be used in the

project


72

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

Wastage of water during construction will be minimized

and use properly controlled.

C3 Air

C.3.1 Emission from

construction

vehicles and

machinery

All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the SPCB norms.

The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least 500 m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement.

Regular monitoring of Air will be conducted as described in Environmental Monitoring Plan.

Throughout the

project corridor

C.3.2 Dust and

nuisance

The hot-mix plants, crushers and batching plants will be sited at least 500 m downwind from the nearest habitation and covered with dust trapping hoods.

Water will be sprayed at cement mixing sites, earth mixing sites and asphalt mixing sites and on temporary access roads and diversions.

Vehicle delivering material will be covered.

End boards in loaders will be provided to prevent spillage.

Throughout the

project corridor

C.4 Noise levels

C.4.1 Noise from

vehicle,

asphalt plants

and equipment

The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to CPCB noise standard.

Properly sizing and maintaining mufflers, engine intake silencers, engine enclosures, turning off idle equipment.

To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, workers exposed to excessive

Throughout the

project corridor


73

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

noise will be given earplugs, helmets, etc. Keeping men working at noisy sites on shift to avoid constant exposure to noise for long hours.

In construction sites within 500 m of human settlements, noisy construction will be avoided between 10.00 p.m. and 6.00 a.m.

Regular monitoring of Noise level as described in Environmental Plan

C.4.2 Noise from

blasting

operations

No blasting is required Throughout the

project corridor

C.5 Flora and Fauna

C.5.1 Loss of damage to

vegetation

Trees lost will be replaced just before the beginning of the construction according to Compensatory Afforestation Policy of State Forestry Department.

Apart from trees ear marked for felling no additional tree felling will be carried out Compensatory planting to be done as per DFO

In open areas

where avenue

plantation space

provision is made

C.5.2 Damage to

vegetation

All construction vehicle movement and parking locations

will be such as to prevent damage to roadside vegetation

Throughout the

project corridor

C.5.3 Damage to

trees/vegetation

by

workers

Contractor to ensure prevention of damage to vegetation and trees and their use by workers. Contractor should supply fuel for all needs during construction, to prevent use of vegetation and trees for fuel.

Contractor shall water the plants planted within ROW

Throughout the

project corridor


74

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.5.4 Loss, injury or

disruption to

fauna

Construction workers will be directed not to poach upon fauna.

Hunting will be strictly prohibited.

Throughout the

project corridor

C.6 Safety and accidents

C.6.1 Accident risks

from

construction

activities

To ensure safe construction of the temporary accesses during construction, safety devices will be installed.

Traffic rules and regulation will be strictly adhered to.

At blasting sites, the blasting time, signal and guarding will be regulated. Prior to blasting, the site will be thoroughly inspected and information given to public.

Safety of workers undertaking various operations during construction will be protected by providing helmets, masks, safety goggles, hand gloves and rubber boots etc.

First aid kits shall be provided at construction site for workers meeting minor accidents during construction

Throughout the

project corridor

especially at

intersections and

settlements

C.6.2 Health issue At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply will be maintained to avoid waterborne/water-related/ water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene of workers.

Adequate drainage, septic tanks and soak pits and wastewater disposal will be provided at workplace.

Preventive Medical care will be provided to workers.

Throughout the

project corridor


75

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.6.3 Movement of

existing traffic

Traffic management will be affected

through

a. Gate system

b. Diversion along existing alternative routes

c. Proper signage

Not Required

C.7 Environmental Enhancement

C.7.1 Roadside

landscape

development

Roadside plantation and grassing, bioengineering

measures to improve aesthetics

Throughout the

project corridor

C.7.2 Roadside

amenities

Provision of bus shelters, bus bays and rest places as per standard design will be carried out.

Road furniture including marker posts, crash barriers, traffic signs, speed zone signs, rumbling strips etc. will be constructed and erected as per design.

Not Required

C.7.3 Community

properties

Community properties, located away from the project road should not be disturbed by construction activity, workers camps and contractors work areas Community properties coming in the COI will be relocated in consultation with the local community.

Construction camps /Blasting sites and all allied construction activities shall be located away from the cultural properties such that it is not affected.

Not Required


76

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.7.4 Environmental

Awareness

Environmental Awareness Campaigns to be conducted in

the project area during construction period

Not Required

C.8 Site Clearance

C.8.1 Clearing and

Grubbing Vegetation will be removed from the

construction zone before commencement of construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other that those identified for cutting is minimum.

Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will be removed with prior approval from the Environmental Expert.

The Concessionaire, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project will be cut only after receiving permission from the Forest Department.

Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm measured at a height of 1.0 m above the ground will be considered as trees and shall be compensated.

Throughout the

project road

MoRTH

201.2Guideline-1

(Guidelines for

arrangement with

Forest

Department)

Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD

C.8.2 Generation of Debris from dismantling structures and

road surface

Debris generated due to the dismantling of the side of

existing road for pavement rehabilitation will be suitably

reused in the

proposed construction, subject to the suitability of the

materials and approval of the Engineer and Environment

Expert as

follows:

Proposed Muck

Sites

Guide lines of Pollution Control

Board.


EMU of CPWD


77

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

The existing base and sub-base material shall be recycled as sub-base for the haul road or access roads

The Concessionaire will suitably dispose off unutilized debris materials at predesignated disposal locations, subject to the approval of the Environmental Expert. .

The Concessionaire will ensure that the surface area of such disposal pits is covered with a layer of soil.

All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, will be planned and implemented by the Concessionaire as approved and directed by the Environmental Expert.

The pre-designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Concessionaire in consultation with the Environment Expert and Engineer of the AE

C.8.3 Other

Construction

Wastes Disposal

The Environmental Expert will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the Contractor.

Non- bituminous wastes may be dumped in borrow pits (preferably located in barren lands) covered with a layer of the soil

No new disposal site shall be created as part of the project, except with prior approval of the Environment Expert. All waste materials will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Expert before handing over.

Proposed Muck

Sites

Guide lines of Sikkim Pollution

Control Board.


EMU of

CPWD


78

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

All waste material will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environment Expert before handing over.

C.8.4 Stripping,

stocking and

preservation of

top soil

Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handing will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or vegetation.

It will be ensured by the Contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for

Covering all disturbed areas including borrow areas

Top dressing of the road embankment and fill slopes

In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily. Residual topsoil, if there is any will be utilized for the plantation.

At all

construction

material storage

areas

MoRTH: 301.3.2,

MoRTH: 301.7,

MoRTH: 301.3.3,

MoRTH: 305.3

Guidelines – 3

(Guidelines for borrow area management)


EMU of CPWD

C.8.5 Accessibility The contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road, providing temporary connecting road. The contractor will also ensure that the existing accesses will not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions and to the prior satisfaction of Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant.

The contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work over the adjacent cross roads are taken up one after the other, so that traffic

Not Required Contractor Environmental Expert of S C,

EMU of CPWD


79

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

movement in any given area does not get affected much.

C.8.6 Planning for

Traffic Diversions

and Detours

• The Contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers at night as a part of traffic control plans. The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/ detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • The Contractor will also inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from AE and CLIENT.

Throughout the project road

MoRTH: 112 and its amendments Guidelines 7 (Guideline for traffic management during construction)


Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD

C.9 Procurement of Construction Material

C.9.1 Earth from

Borrow Areas for

Construction

No borrow area will be opened without permission of the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. The location, shape and size of the designated borrow areas will be as approved by the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant and in accordance to the IRC recommended practice for borrow pits for road embankments (IRC 10: 1961). The borrowing operations will be carried out as specified in the guidelines for setting and operation of borrow areas.

- MoRTH: 305.2

Guidelines – 3



EMU of CPWD

C.9.2 Quarry

Operations The contractor will develop a Comprehensive Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy to Client and AE prior to opening of the quarry site. The quarry operations will be undertaken within the rules and regulations in force

At quarries and

crushing units as

per the state

approved quarry

provided in the

estimates

MoRTH:111.3 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD


80

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.9.3 Transporting

Construction

Materials and

Haul Road Management

Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries as précised. All vehicles delivering goods subject to susceptible to be blown by wind during the vehicular movement to avoid spilling and air pollution.

It shall be the responsibility of the contractor or his agent, sub-agents, sub-contractors, petty contractor, material suppliers whose vehicles use the highways and other roads for transportation of construction materials, to keep the roads clear from any dust, sand, soil, aggregates fallen from the transport vehicle.

Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression on all such roads and surfaces where dust generation is a major problem.

The unloading of all materials at construction sites

should be limited to day time only for safety and avoiding

accidents. Screens of hessian cloth, agro net and such

other barricading material are to be erected along all

construction, dumping and stockpiling sites under use,

so that the generation of the dust in the vicinity of such

locations can be minimized to great extent.

All roads used for

haulage of

construction

materials


Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD

C.9.4 Construction

Water Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own cost. The Contractor will submit a list of such source/s from where water will be used for the project to AE and Client.

The Concessionaire will source the requirement of water

preferentially from ground water but with prior

permission from the competent authority/ authorities, if

Throughout the

project road

Guideline 11 (Guidelines for

quarry material)


EMU of CPWD


81

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

required. A copy of the permission will be submitted to

AE and Client prior to initiation of construction.

The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the

wastage of water in the construction process/ operation

C.9.5 Drainage &

Flood Control

• The Concessionaire will ensure that construction materials like earth, stone are disposed off so that it does not block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross drainage channels. • The Concessionaire will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water flow. In addition to the design requirements, the Concessionaire will take all required measures as directed by the Environmental Expert of AE to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area, if any.

Construction

sites of cross

drainage work

MoRTH:305.3.7

MoRTH:306

Annexure 3.3

Annexure 3.4


EMU of CPWD

C.10 Construction Work

C.10.1 Disruption to

Other Users of

Water

While working across or close to any perennial water bodies, contractor will not obstruct/ prevent the flow of water.

Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in dry season and if such activity is likely to constraint or impact the community water body connected to such streams adequate prior information will be provided to such community for making a suitable arrangement that may lead to peaceful and uninterrupted use of the resource during the time of construction activity.

Throughout the

project road

MoRTH:304.3.2 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD


82

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.3.3 Siltation of Water Bodies and Degradation of Water Quality

Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter of any water body (including wells) adjacent to the RoW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to commencement of earthwork and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-section of the road.

The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in truck lay byes, which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels with a fall exceeding 1.5 m.

Contractor will ensure that construction materials

containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such

that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby

water bodies.

Construction sites

of cross drainage

work

MoRTH: 306

Annexure 3.5 (Silt Fencing)


EMU of CPWD

C.10.4 Slope Protection

and Control of

Soil Erosion

The contractor will construct slope protection works as per design, or as directed by the Environmental Expert of SC to control soil erosion and sedimentation through use of dykes, sedimentation chambers, basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices as will be necessitated according to the local conditions.

All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works

and maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to

the earth work or other items of work and as such no

separate payment will be made for them. Contractor will

ensure the following aspects:

After construction activities of road embankment, the side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with stone pitching, grass and shrub as per design specifications.

At bridge

approaches;

High

embankment

sections (Low

Lying areas)

MoRTH:

305.2.2.2

MoRTH: 306.2

Guideline 8

(Guideline for soil erosion and sedimentation control)


EMU of CPWD


83

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

Turfing works will be taken up as soon as possible, provided the season is favourable for the establishment of grass sods. Other measures of slope stabilization will include mulching, netting and seeding of batters and drains immediately on shrub and bushes at 30cm interval from line to line across the slope and sprinkling of water on such slopes after completion of the earth work.

In borrow pits, the depth shall be regulated so that the sides of the excavation should not be stepper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of the bank.

Along sections abutting water bodies, stone pitching as per design specification will protect slopes. All such stone pitching should have a filter layer to prevent scouring and unsettlement of the pitched surface when the water label recedes.

Refer Guidelines for soil erosion and

sedimentation. C.11 Labour Camp Management

C.11.1 Accommodation Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other

Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp.

The location, layout and basic provision of facilities at each labour camp site will be submitted to SC and EMU of CPWD prior to their setting up in the field for approval.

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD


84

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

The construction of camps will only commence after the written approval from the EMU. In consultation and concurrence of the Environmental Expert and SC.

The contractor will maintain necessary living

accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and

hygienic manner as per the suggestions and guidance

provided by the environment expert and SC.

C.11.2 Potable Water Provision for supply of potable water to all camp sites in the package will have to be in place in such a manner that the sources are free from pollution and contamination. With proper drainage, platforms, storage facility and sanitation measures in position to see that the surplus and waste water flow does not stagnate or create un healthy atmosphere around camp as well as the surrounding agricultural fields, water sources and habitation.

Ground water recharging provision through setting up of

soak pits away from such water supply system to

discharge the waste water shall have to be made by the

contractor at each camp site whether the same is over

Govt. or private land.

The Contractor will also provide availability of potable water within the precincts of every workplace in a cool and shaded area which is easily accessible as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.

The contractor will ensure the fulfilment of the following conditions at all work places for the benefit of worker:

a) Adequate supply of potable water (as per IS) in every workplace/labour camp site suitably located

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD


85

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

on high ground and dry place which is easily accessible and regularly maintained for health and hygiene to prevent contamination and communicable diseases.

b) All such storage facilities of drinking water will be on raised platform for drainage and safe storage above at least 1m ground above ground to facilitate its use..

c) As far as possible shallow well should not be used as potable source of water unless there is any constraint for boring of tube wells. In all such cases of potable water from open wells, irrespective of its location from polluting environment, regular dis-infection of the water source by application of lime, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate solution have to be ensured at weekly /fort nightly interval. However it should be safe to provide water purifier units in such locations to prevent water borne diseases, where power supply and storage water facility is available.

d) All open wells should be covered with a trap door, to facilitate disinfections of water sources while mini hand pumps may be set up to draw water from such wells and prevent accidental contamination /accidental fall into such wells besides avoiding dust and filth from the adjacent road entering the well for which a safe drainage channel encircling the open well should be mandatory to prevent inflow of polluted water from outside.

e) The trap door will be kept locked and opened only for cleaning or inspection, which will be done at least once in a month to be monitored and recorded by the camp in charge at each place.


86

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

f) Water quality testing of all potable water sources will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991, by sample testing of the water periodically.

Environmental Expert of SC will be required to inspect

the labour camp once in a week to ensure health and

hygienic of the work force.


Sewage System The contractor will ensure that -

The sewage system for the camp are designed, built and operated in such a fashion that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses takes place.

Separate toilets /bathrooms /latrines, wherever required, are to be provided for women workers separately with specific signage indicating its exclusive use by them.

All such facilities must have adequate water supply with proper drainage and disposal facility.

All toilets in workplaces are to be located with covered screen walls and of dry earth system which are to be maintained, cleaned and disinfected daily using strong disinfectants. The location of such provisions should not be affecting the air surface water and ground water of the locality or the agricultural fields near by either during summer or rains.

For lavatory purposes the use of portable latrines

system are to be brought under use and the night

soil so collected has to be disposed of at designated

septic latrines, so as to prevent pollution of the

workplace and surrounding areas.

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD


87

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.11.4 Waste Disposal The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Environmental Expert of SC.

No night soil should be disposed of at any place other

than the septic tank constructed for the workers at the

camp site by ensuring the use of portable latrines system

mounted on wheels and fitted with temporary water

sealed containers to store the night soil, which shall be

emptied at the nearest septic tank facility of any camp

site.

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD

C.12 Contractor’s Demobilization and Decommissioning of Established Setup

C.12.1 Clean-up

Operations,

Restoration and

Rehabilitation

Contractor will prepare site restoration plans, which will be approved by the Environmental Expert of SC. The clean-up and restoration operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage, night soils and POL, as per Comprehensive Waste Management Plan and as approved by SC and accepted by the EMU.

All disposal pits or trenches will be filled in disinfected and effectively sealed off. Residual topsoil, if any will be distributed or spread evenly on adjoining/ proximate barren land or affected agricultural land adjacent to the RoW that has been impacted on account of accidental spillage, drainage or erosion of the construction materials as will be identified and suggested by Environmental Expert of SC not below the thickness of 75 mm.

All construction zones including river-beds, culverts,

road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers,

At all

construction site

location


Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD


88

Sl. No.

Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by

the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's

expense, to the entire satisfaction of the land owner in

case of private land and to the best satisfaction of the

Environmental Expert of SC as well as the site engineer.

OPERATION STAGE

Sl.

No. Environmental


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Execution/Civil Work Supervision/Monitoring

OPERATION STAGE

O.1 Monitoring

Operation

Performance

• The PIU will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project. • The indicators selected for monitoring

include the survival rate of trees; utility of

enhancement provision for relocated utilities, hand

pumps and other relocated structures if any; status of

rehabilitation of borrow areas; and noise barriers,

which are proposed at different locations.

At the specific

locations

(Mainly at plant

sites, construction

locations)

EMU of CPWD/PWD

The Forest and

Biodiversity wing of EMU

of CPWD

EMU of CPWD/PWD

O.2 Maintenance of

Drainage CPWD will ensure that all drains (side drains, median drain and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding without damaging the spurs and check dams erected to stabilize the course and flow of all such drainage channels.

Throughout the

project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD


89

Sl.

No. Environmental


Reference

Document

Responsibility


CPWD will ensure that all the sediment /oil and

grease traps set up at the truck and bus lay bye are

cleared once in every 3 months.

O.3 Pollution Monitoring The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality,

noise level, water (both ground and surface water)

quality, soil pollution/contamination are to be

continued at pre-designated locations and if

necessary at additional locations for comparative

study of pre and post-operative data in order to

ensure further improvement /modification in the

design /methodology CPWD may appoint specific

pollution monitoring agency for such study or carry

it out as per the suggestion /recommendation of the

statutory authority, (SPCB).

At regular intervals

of 15 km/ built-up

sections

EMU Environment expert

Pollution Monitoring

Agency

EMU of CPWD/PWD

O.4. Soil Erosion and

Monitoring of

Borrow Areas

Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion at

borrow areas, quarries (if closed and rehabilitated),

embankments and other places expected to be

affected, will be carried out before monsoon, during

monsoon and after winter rains to regularly record

and monitor the effectiveness of such structures at

monthly intervals for the 1st three years during and

after completion of project, so as to evaluate the

beneficial effects of each type of activity together with

the cost involved for adoption of most effective

structures in other areas of road improvement to

check soil erosion.

Throughout the



90

Sl.

No. Environmental


Reference

Document

Responsibility


o.5 Monitoring of

survival rate of

plantation in PRoW

Every year there will be monitoring for the survival

rate of plantation in the PROW for the first five years

before on set of monsoon. A minimum survival of 85%

will be maintained. Any loss will be made up by fresh

plantation.

Throughout the


O.6 Changes in Land Use

Pattern EMU of CPWD shall take initiative to move and motivate the Govt. as a facilitator in preparing an action plan to encourage balanced congestion free hygienic environment friendly activity on either side of the developed highway during and after completion of the project. This is to avoid irregular, ugly, unhygienic and destructive ribbon development, close to the road corridor which adversely affects agricultural and water harvesting capabilities and drainage system of the area. The department may strive for effective promulgation of some legislation and guidelines, controlling such unbridled activity, which are self-destructive and distress full for the poor farmers and drainage on the State’s Economic Resources.

A land use-zoning map may be developed, under which up to a particular distance from the RoW of the alignment especially in new bypass stretches, no development will be allowed.

Necessary hoardings along the corridor need be

provided in shape of permanent structures to warn

and advise encroachers against such activity under

punitive action such as forfeiture of the structures

and belonging without prior notice besides punitive

legal action in the court of law barring any stay over

such action by the state from any court of law.

Throughout the

project road EMU of CPWD/PWD,

Local Planning Authorities,

Revenue Department and Local Civic Bodies

EMU of the CPWD & Revenue Department,

Town planning Authority

EMU of CPWD/PWD

EMU of CPWD/PWD


91

Sl.

No. Environmental


Reference

Document

Responsibility


Budgetary provisions are to be made to control the

ribbon development along project road.

O.7 Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR)

As part of CSR, the following provisions are suggested :

• Undertaking regular road safety, HIV/AIDs, health awareness campaigns • Assistance to improve skills for income generation to community people • Development of schools, health cares, dispensaries or public facilities • Workshops/Training to farmers in order to impart the knowledge to use modern methods and tools for farming • To ensure that the contractors provides all necessary amenities and facilities for the workers at construction camps/work sites and no employment of child labour is practiced at site

Not required EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD

O.8 Contamination from

accidental spills • The spills at the accident sites will be cleared immediately • The left over spills will be scraped and reclaimed to small lined confined pits at the identified sites.

Throughout the


O.9 Dust generation • Roadside tree plantations will be protected from dust and well maintained. • Afforestation, turfing, water sprinkling shall be carried out by O&M agency at sites of dust generation

Throughout the


O.10 Air Generation • Vehicle emission of critical pollutants parameters (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2 and NO2,) will be monitored on critical locations • Roadside tree plantation will be protected and maintained. • Regular maintenance of road will be done to ensure good surface condition

Throughout the



92

Sl.

No. Environmental


Reference

Document

Responsibility


O.11 Noise Pollution • It shall be monitored At regular intervals

of 5 km/ built-up

sections

EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD

O.12 Water • The roadside drainage system will be periodically cleared of blockage.

All water bodies

along the project

road (as

mentioned in

Table 1)


O.13 Flora and Fauna • The success of the replantation scheme will be monitored

Throughout the

project road/

Avenue plantation

section


O.14 Safety measures • Traffic management plan will be developed, especially for congested locations • Traffic control measures including speed limits, signages at sensitive receptors will be enforced strictly. • Further growth of encroachment within the ROW will be controlled.

Throughout the



93

4.6 Costs and Budget

The estimate shows that the approximate cost of the Environmental protection measures to

reduce the adverse impacts and to enhance the existing environment budget is 1156 crores as per

given in Table 16:

Table 16: Environmental Budget

S. No

Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Cr)

MITIGATION COST

1 Compensatory Afforestation @ 1:2 in lieu of 5,88,35,768 trees cut

117671536 100.00 1100.00

2 Oil interceptors at camp site along the road 10 10000.00 0.01

3 Management and Closure of dumping sites LS 0.4

Mitigation Cost (A) 1100.41

MONITORING COST

1 Air Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

75 5000.00 0.037

2

Water Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years(3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

75 5000.00 0.037

S. No

Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs)

3

Noise Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

75 3000.00 0.022

4

Soil Analysis, Twice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

50 3000.00 0.015

Monitoring Cost (B) 0.11

ENHANCEMENT COST

1 Environmental Training LS 0.015

2 Environmental awareness LS 0.01

Enhancement Cost ( C ) .025

ENVIRONMENTAL COST



Enhancement Cost (C) .025

Sub Total 1100.77

Contingency @5% 55.03

TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL COST 1155.8

1156 crores

Rupees One thousand one hundred fifty six Crores Only

ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING

PROGRAM


95

CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1 INTRODUCTION

The primary objective of the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) will be to ensure that the

safeguards identified as necessary during the EIA process, as well as statuary obligations are all

satisfactorily complied with.

While the purpose of EIA process is to identify potential negative impacts and recommend

appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the same, the EMP is devised to:

Implement the mitigation Measures

Monitor the Implementation Program

Report to the designated/ Statutory Bodies

The Environmental Monitoring Plan is Proposed for the following two phases:

Construction Phase

Operation Phase

5.2 EMP During Construction Phase

With reference to the foregoing, the Environmental Monitoring Process can be planned as

described hereunder in Table below.

Table 17: Environmental Monitoring Plan at Construction Stage

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENT

S

PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILI

TY

Site Establishment

& Clearance

Site

Organization Site plan to be developed showing areas for

material storage, access points for

contractor’s establishment

Contractor’s

Representative

Site security The Contractor’s site (Container) shall be

under guard to prevent unwanted access

Geotextile

Screening A double layer geotextile screen shall be

installed to completely encircle the working

zone and maintained daily for the whole

duration of the works

Maintenance of

Site tidiness

The site shall be cleaned of any works debris

on an everyday basis, care being taken to

use containers to collect all timber wastes,

steel cuttings, drill bits, bolts, nuts, washers

and the like.


96

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENT

S

PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILI

TY

Materials and

Waste

Management

Material Store Areas for the storage of imported materials

such as aggregate, bitumen, cement, paint,

fixtures, etc. to be within a lockable and

secure place, ideally a goods container.

Contractor’s

Representative

Waste Materials All waste materials to be stored, pending

carting away from the site, ideally inside

designated containers and kept inside a

container.

Rock dust Rock dust from drilling shall be contained

with moist hessian sack enclosure during

drilling and immediately after removed

from the site into the waste storage

container.

General EMP Reports The nominated Representative of the

Contractor shall submit a final report to the

Proponent’s Representative who will verify

the information

Contractor’s

Representative

Free passage of

Public on Public

Domain

The Contractor shall ensure that public

movement is not hindered on the Public

Domain during the works

Complaints

received

Complaints received regarding the

construction activities on Site that relate to

the Environment shall be recorded in a

special designated register and the

response noted with the date and the action

taken.

This record shall be submitted with the EMP

report and be available for inspection by the

regulatory authorities

Environmental

Components The contractor shall ensure the activities

during the construction shall not lead to:

Contamination of Soil

Contamination of Air

Contamination of Ground Water

Contamination of Surface Water

Increase in Noise Standards

5.3 EMP During Operation Phase

The overall goal for the Operational Environmental Monitoring Programme (OEMP) is to ensure

that the operation of motorized vehicles on the project road does not have unforeseen negative


97

impacts on the environment and to ensure that all impacts are monitored and the necessary

corrective action is taken timeously. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to operate the

project road in a way that:

Ensures that operational activities are properly managed in respect of environmental

aspects and impacts.

Enables the WEF operational activities to be undertaken without significant disruption to

other land uses in the area, in particular with regards to noise impacts, farming practices,

traffic and road use, and effects on local residents.

Minimises impacts on birds and other fauna found onsite.

Table 18: Environmental Monitoring Plan at Operation Stage

ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY

Protection of Water Quality

Treatment of

Waste Water

The supervisors to ensure that waste waters

generated from camp site and plants are in

prescribed standard before discharge.

Contractor’s Representative

Protection of Air Quality

Sprinklers and

Management at

camp sites

Sprinklers to be installed at working sites to

manage the dust and the smoke are to be

purified before release to air in the plants


Noise from Operation of Jetty

Noise Barriers The contractor’s team shall be educated

towards responsible plant operation to

reduce noise from construction activities


Public Access Diversion/ Extra

Lane

The proponent shall make accommodate the

public to go round the construction site


Solid wastes Management

Waste Treatment & Proper Disposal

The contractor shall ensure the waste

generated are reused and unused materials

are disposed off at suitable place.


5.4 Monitoring Plan

The purpose of this plan is to regroup into one document the monitoring and follow-up programs

required to track potential effects of the Project activities on the receiving environment. The Plan

focuses on monitoring and reporting information that will be required under the Project’s

authorizations and permits.

5.4.1 Scope of the Monitoring and Follow Plan

The plan outlines the environmental monitoring requirement, sampling methods, frequency and

reporting requirements for:


98

Air quality

Noise Quality

Soil Quality

Groundwater quality

Surface water quality

Water Control Pond/ Stream Discharge

Environmental Effects Monitoring Program as defined by the MMER; and

Studies.

7.4.1.1 Construction Stage Table 19: Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MONITORING DETAILS SCHEDULE

1. Construction

Specifications and their

application

Review Contract Documents to

ensure insertion of adequate

clauses.

Ensure their application by the

supervisory personnel

At start of construction

All issues to be discussed In

fortnightly site meetings

2. Selection of Project

Team

Ensure that competent and

experience project team is in

place prior to start of

construction.

Ensure clarity as regards their

interaction on site.

Agree schedules of meetings,

including Coordination

meetings, Site Meetings,

Sub-contractor’s Meeting, etc.

Prior to start of construction

Through Site Meetings:

Monthly

Tentative schedule. Site

Meetings: Monthly

Coordination meetings:

Weekly

Sub-Contractor’s Meetings

Monthly 3. Noise Ensure that heavy machinery does

not work at undue hours

Noise protection equipment to

operators of noise-producing

equipment

Daily - at end of working day

Daily - at start of working day

4. Storage of

materials, plant and

Ensure provision of adequate bins

are located safe area

At start of construction


99

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MONITORING DETAILS SCHEDULE

equipment

5. Protection of site

neighborhood

Control disposal of

Constructional and / or

demolition wastes

Daily

Ensure no uncontrolled dumping

in site vicinity

In site meetings

Ensure no dust emission

By provision of appropriate regular

water wetting if necessary

Daily

Wetting– at least once daily


100

Table 20: Environment Monitoring Plan E

nv

iro

nm

en

t co

mp

on

en

t

Pro

ject

Sta

ge

REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities

Pa

ram

ete

rs

Sta

nd

ard

s

Lo

cati

on

Fre

qu

en

cy

Du

rati

on

Act

ion

pla

n

in c

ase

cr

ite

ria

e

xce

ed

s

Imp

lem

en

tat

ion

Su

pe

rvis

ion

A

ir

C

on

stru

ctio

n s

tage

PM2.5 PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, HC

Annexure Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Hot mix plant

Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 3 years

Continuous 24 hours/ or for 1 full working day

Check and modify control devices like bag filter/ cyclones of hot mix plant.

Contractor through approved monitoring agency

SC, CPWD


Annexure Along the project road at different zone as suggested by SC for regular monitoring



Check and modify control devices like bag filter/cyclones of hot mix plant.


SC, CPWD

O

per

atio

n s

tage


Annexure Along the project road at different zone as suggested by SC for regular monitoring

Thrice in a year (winter, summer and post monsoon seasons) for 2 years


- Contractor through approved monitoring agency

SC, CPWD

Surf

ace

Wat

er

Qu

alit

y

C o n st ru ct io n

st a g e pH, Surface Water At identified Once in a Grab Sample Check and Contractor SC, CPWD temperature, quality locations season modify petrol through DO, Oil & standards by excluding the interceptors, approved Grease EC, CPCB monsoon for 3 Silt fencing monitoring TSS, Total (Annexure) years devices. agency


101

En

vir

on

me

nt

com

po

ne

nt

Pro

ject

Sta

ge


Pa

ram

ete

rs

Sta

nd

ard

s

Lo

cati

on

Fre

qu

en

cy

Du

rati

on

Act

ion

pla

n

in c

ase

cr

ite

ria

e

xce

ed

s

Imp

lem

en

tat

ion

Su

pe

rvis

ion

Hardness, Suspended Solids, turbidity, BOD, COD, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fecal coliform, Total Coliform, Salinity

O

per

atio

n s

tage

pH, temperature, DO, Oil & Grease EC, TSS, Total Hardness, Suspended Solids, turbidity, BOD, COD, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fecal coliform, Total Coliform, Salinity

Surface Water quality stand. by CPCB (Annexure)

At identified locations


Grab Sample Check and modify petrol interceptors, Silt fencing devices.


SC, CPWD


102

En

vir

on

me

nt

com

po

ne

nt

Pro

ject

Sta

ge


Pa

ram

ete

rs

Sta

nd

ard

s

Lo

cati

on

Fre

qu

en

cy

Du

rati

on

Act

ion

pla

n

in c

ase

cr

ite

ria

e

xce

ed

s

Imp

lem

en

tat

ion

Su

pe

rvis

ion

G

rou

nd

Wat

er Q

ual

ity

C

on

stru

ctio

n s

tage

PH, Temperature, TSS, Total Hardness, Suspended Solids, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Salinity

Ground Water quality standards by CPCB





SC, CPWD

O

per

atio

n s

tage

pH, Temperature, TSS, Total Hardness, Suspended Solids, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Salinity

Ground Water quality standards by CPCB





SC, CPWD


103

En

vir

on

me

nt

com

po

ne

nt

Pro

ject

Sta

ge


Pa

ram

ete

rs

Sta

nd

ard

s

Lo

cati

on

Fre

qu

en

cy

Du

rati

on

Act

ion

pla

n

in c

ase

cr

ite

ria

e

xce

ed

s

Imp

lem

en

tat

ion

Su

pe

rvis

ion

N

ois

e le

vel

s

C

on

stru

ctio

n s

tage

Leq dB(A) (Day & Night), Average and Peak values

Noise standards by CPCB

At equipment yards and locations as identified by SC


Readings to be taken at 60 seconds interval for every hour and then Leq are to be obtained for Day time and Night time

Check and modify equipment and devices used to protect noise level.


SC, CPWD

Operation stage

Leq dB(A) (Day & Night), Average and Peak values


Locations as identified by SC


Readings to be taken at 60 seconds interval for every hour and then Leq are to be obtained for Day time and Night time

- CPWD through approved monitoring agency

SC, CPWD

S o i l

C

on

stru

ctio

n

stag

e

Physical CPCB Near Once in a - - Contractor SC, CPWD Parameters: construction season through an Texture, Grain sites and excluding the approved Size along the road monsoon for 3 monitoring Distribution, as identified years agency Gravel, Sand, by the SC Silt, Clay;


104

En

vir

on

me

nt

com

po

ne

nt

Pro

ject

Sta

ge


Pa

ram

ete

rs

Sta

nd

ard

s

Lo

cati

on

Fre

qu

en

cy

Du

rati

on

Act

ion

pla

n

in c

ase

cr

ite

ria

e

xce

ed

s

Imp

lem

en

tat

ion

Su

pe

rvis

ion

Chemical Parameters: pH (10%w/v

slurry), Conductivity, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium,

Sodium Absorption Ratio, Total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Organic matter

O p e r a t i o n

S t a g e

Physical CPCB Along the road Once in a - - Parameters: Texture, Grain Size Distribution, Gravel, Sand,

as identified by the SC

season excluding the monsoon for 2 years

Silt, Clay; Chemical Parameters: pH (10%w/v slurry),


105

En

vir

on

me

nt

com

po

ne

nt

Pro

ject

Sta

ge


Pa

ram

ete

rs

Sta

nd

ard

s

Lo

cati

on

Fre

qu

en

cy

Du

rati

on

Act

ion

pla

n

in c

ase

cr

ite

ria

e

xce

ed

s

Imp

lem

en

tat

ion

Su

pe

rvis

ion

Conductivity, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Organic matter

So

il E

rosi

on

Co

nst

ruct

ion

sta

ge

Turbidity in Storm water Silt load in ponds

As specified by the engineer Water quality standards

At the drains, ponds and rivers near construction site

Pre-monsoon and post- monsoon seasons for 3 years

Inspection and modification of silt fencing/ any leakage of drains to these surface water bodies

Contractor under advice of SC

CPWD

Op

erat

ion

sta

ge

Turbidity in Storm water

Silt load in ponds

As specified by the engineer / Water quality standards

At major water bodies identified by the CPWD.

Every year before onset of monsoon

Check drains, culverts and its modification


CPWD


106

En

vir

on

me

nt

com

po

ne

nt

Pro

ject

Sta

ge


Pa

ram

ete

rs

Sta

nd

ard

s

Lo

cati

on

Fre

qu

en

cy

Du

rati

on

Act

ion

pla

n

in c

ase

cr

ite

ria

e

xce

ed

s

Imp

lem

en

tat

ion

Su

pe

rvis

ion

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Sit

es a

nd

C

on

stru

ctio

n C

amp

s

C

on

stru

ctio

n S

tage

Monitoring of:

1. Storage Area

2. Drainage Arrangements

3. Sanitation in Construction Camps

To the satisfaction of the PIU and the standards given in the reporting form.

At Storage area and construction camps

Quarterly in the construction stage.

Check sanitation/ drainage and standards of camp sites and bring upto level of satisfaction of PIU


CPWD


107

5.5 Environmental Reporting System

Monitoring and Evaluation are critical activities in implementation of all projects. Monitoring

involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the plans. It

provides the necessary feedback for project management to keep the program on schedule. By

contrast evaluation is essentially a summing up at the end of the project to assess whether those

activities actually achieved as was intended.

The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest rung of the

implementation system reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turn shall report to the

CPWD. All reporting by the contractor and Supervision Consultant shall be on a quarterly basis.

The CPWD shall be responsible for preparing targets for each of the identified EMP activities.

The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmental components may be

clubbed together and submitted to the CPWD quarterly during the implementation period. The

operation stage monitoring reports may be annual or biennial provided the Project

Environmental Completion Report shows that the implementation was satisfactory. Otherwise,

the operation stage monitoring reports will have to be prepared as specified in the said Project

Environmental Completion Report.

Responsibilities for overseeing will rest with the Supervision Consultant’s staff reporting to the

CPWD. Capacity to quantitatively monitor relevant ecological parameters would be an advantage

but monitoring will primarily involve ensuring that actions taken are in accordance with contract

and specification clauses, and specified mitigation measures as per the EMP.

During the implementation period, a compliance report may include description of the items of

EMP, which were not complied with by any of the responsible agencies. It would also report to the

management about actions taken to enforce compliance. It may however, be noted that certain

items of the EMP might not be possibly complied with for a variety of reasons. The intention of

the compliance report is not to suppress these issues but to bring out the circumstances and

reasons for which compliance was not possible (such as jurisdictional issues). This would help in

reinforcing the implementation of the EMP.

Photographic records will also be established to provide useful environmental monitoring tools.

A full record will be kept as part of normal contract monitoring. Reporting and Monitoring

Systems for various stages of construction and related activities have been proposed to ensure

timely and effective implementation of the EMP.

The reporting system has been prepared for each of the stage of road construction namely:

Pre-construction stage


108

Construction Stage

Operation Stage

This reporting shall be done through:

Reporting by the Contractor to the SC

Reporting by EE to CPWD

The stage-wise reporting system is detailed out in the following Table below.

Table 21: Stage-Wise Reporting System of CPWD

F

orm

at

No

.

It

em

Contractor Supervision

Consultant (SC) Project Implementation

(PIU)

Im

ple

me

nta

tio

n a

nd

Re

po

rtin

g

to S

C

S

up

erv

isio

n

R

ep

ort

ing

to

C

PW

D

O

ve

rse

e/

Fie

ld

Co

mp

lia

nce

M

on

ito

rin

g

Re

po

rt t

o G

M

En

vir

on

me

nt

C1

Monitoring of construction

site and construction

camp

Before start of work

Quarterly

Quarterly

C2

Target sheet for Pollution Monitoring

As

required After

Monitoring

After

Monitoring

C3

Target sheet for roadside plantation

Monthly

Quarterly

Quarterly

Half yearly

C4

Target sheet for monitoring

of cleaning water bodies

Monthly

Monthly

Quarterly

Half yearly

O1

Target sheet for Pollution Monitoring

As per monitoring

plan

After monitoring

O2

Target sheet for survival reporting of

roadside plantation

Quarterly

After monitoring

O3

Target sheet for monitoring

of cleaning water bodies

Quarterly

After

monitoring


109

5.6 MONITORING PLAN

An Environmental monitoring budget of Rs.1125000.00 (Rupees Eleven lakh twenty

five Thousand only). has been allocated for construction as well as operation phase. This

amount has also been included in the Environmental Budget in Chapter 9.

En

vir

on

me

nta

l C

om

po

ne

nt

Pro

ject

Sta

ge

Monitoring Institutional Responsibility

Pa

ram

ete

rs

Lo

cati

on

(ch

.)

Fre

qu

en

cy

Sta

nd

ard

s

Ap

pro

xim

ate

Co

st

Rs.

Imp

lem

en

tati

on

Su

pe

rvis

ion

Air Construction Stage

SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx, CO

1. Hot mix plant concrete mixing plant construction site (1 location)

2. Other Four locations at major settlements

24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years

Air quality standards by CPCB

5x5000x3x3=225,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency

CPWD

Operation Stage

SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx, CO

At major settlement and other project specific area



5x5000x2x3=150000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency

CPWD

Water Quality

Construction Stage

PH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Oil& Grease,

At Construction Camp, labour camp and other surface and groundwater

One sample at one place

Water Quality Standards by CPCB


CPWD

Operation Stage


At streams and rivers




CPWD

Noise Levels Construction Stage

Equivalent noise levels




5x3000x3x3= 135000


CPWD

Operation Stage





5x3000x2x3= 90,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency

CPWD


110

Soil Construction Stage

Ph, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases

At agricultures lands and other project specific locations


Soil Standard ICAR

5x3000x2x3 =90000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency

CPWD

Operation Stage

Ph, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases



Soil Standard ICAR


CPWD

Environment Awareness

Construction Stage

At major villages to be carried out by a reputed NGO.

For three year

As per course content and calendar approved by CPWD

2,00,000 NGO (YMA) CPWD

Flora Operation Stage

At least 75% survival rate of trees

Entire stretch For three years after plantation

- 10350x500=5175000 CPWD, Forestry Department

CPWD, Environment and Forest Department (GOM)

Mobilization during construction and operation Stages 10,000 x 2 = 20,000

Total Monitoring cost 1125000

ADDITIONAL STUDIES


112

CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

As a part of the project preparation and to ensure that the community support is obtained and the

project supports the felt needs of the people; public consultations were carried out as an integral

component. A continuous involvement of the stakeholders and the affected community was obtained.

The feedback in the consultation sessions has led to substantial inputs for the project preparation –

including, influencing designs. Consultations involve soliciting people’s views on proposed actions

and engaging them in a dialogue. It is a two-way information flow, from project authorities to people

and, from people to project authorities. While decision making authority would be retained by the

project authority, interaction with people and eliciting feedback allows affected populations to

influence the decision making process by raising issues that should be considered in designing,

mitigation, monitoring and management plans and the analysis of alternatives.

As the project road is primarily for military purpose and the road does not affect any habitation area

public consultation is not required. Moreover as per MoEF Notification, the border roads do not

require any public consultation. However, the few households found nearby the project road are

made aware of the impact of the construction. The objectives of consultation sessions, the procedure

adopted and the outputs of the consultation conducted have been briefly described in the following

sections.

6.1.1 Stakeholders in the Project

Consultations with various stakeholders were carried out during various phases of project

preparation. The stakeholders in the project are both primary and secondary. The primary

stakeholders are project displaced persons (DPs), project beneficiaries, Executing Agency,

Implementing Agency especially the officials in CPWD The secondary stakeholder includes district

magistrates and the revenue officials village heads, head of Gram Panchayat, village administrative

officers, village council, district council, NGO and business communities in the area.

6.1.2 Public Consultation in the Project

Public consultations were arranged at the stage of subproject preparation to ensure peoples’

participation in the planning phase of this subproject and to treat public consultation and

participation as a continuous two way process beneficial in project planning and implementation.


113

6.1.3 Objectives

The primary objective of the public consultation meetings are to minimize the negative impacts and

enhance the positive impacts of the development of project. The objectives are as follows:

Promote public awareness and improve understanding of the potential impacts of proposed

projects;

Identify alternative sites or designs, and mitigation measures;

Solicit the views of affected communities / individuals on environmental and social problems;

Improve environmental and social soundness;

Clarify values and trade-offs associated with the different alternatives;

Identify contentious local issues which might jeopardise the implementation of the project;

Establish transparent procedures for carrying out proposed works;

Inform the affected populace about the entitlement framework and to settle problems with

mutual consent; and

Create accountability and sense of local ownership during project implementation.

6.1.4 Consultation sessions

Consultations were done using various tools including, interviews with government officials,

questionnaire-based information with stakeholders etc. The public consultation carried out during

the Environment impact Assessment stages of the project has been summarised.

The extent or the likely level of adverse impacts was one of the major criteria in deciding locations

for public consultation sessions. A listing of the various consultation sessions conducted at different

locations along the entire project corridor is presented in below.

Table 22: PUBLIC CONSULTATION GROUPS

Level Type Key participants

Individual Local level consultation Local people

Village Focus group Discussion Women, truckers, weaker sections,

agriculturist, School teachers

Institutional Stake holder Discussion Line Departments

The institutional level consultations were held with representatives of institutions having stakes in

implementation of the project. The institutions contacted included State Forest Department, State


114

Pollution Control Board etc. In addition to this, officials from other departments were also contacted

on several occasions. The inputs noted during the discussions have been incorporated in this report.

6.1.5 Consultation during Design:

Consultations were carried out at the design stages to identify:

Location specific social and environmental issues to be addressed through designs;

Socio-economic profile of community along the project route;

Extent of likely social and environmental impact due to the project;

Expectations and reservations of people towards project; and

Resettlement and rehabilitation options

6.1.6 Identification of issues:

Issues raised during consultations have been elaborated below. Both specific issues of villages and

common issues raised by the villagers have been described. Based on the community consultation

the key environmental, health, safety and social issues identified were:

Air Quality & Noise levels

Water pollution, water scarcity in non-monsoon months, construction water requirements

Roadside trees, tree plantation

Health issues, such as water borne diseases / HIV / STD

Possession of skills and the training needs

Employment opportunity during civil works

Location of labour camp and hot mix plant sites

Safety issues

Involvement of PAPs in Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plans & Resettlement Options

Impact on property and land acquisition

Enhancement of common property resources

Extension of Government Welfare schemes

6.1.7 Addressals of general issues and concerns:

The addressals of issues under the project are:

Table 23: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ADDRESSAL


115

Issues/ Concern Addressal under the project

Dust and Air

Pollution

Plantation of trees and shrubs along the highway and on median Turfing on earthen slopes and earthen shoulders Water spraying to be adopted near the crushers during

construction stage. Increased noise

levels

Provision of Noise attenuating wall near sensitive receptors No-horns signage near schools, colleges and hospitals Tree plantation and development of green belts along the project

corridor abutting settlements to attenuate traffic noise Water Logging

and Slugging

The road sections are prone to small stream and water falls in the

most of the stretch. So, proper cross drainage with continuous

side drains have been proposed to avoid water logging

Road safety Road markings as required

Proper highway signals provided

Widening of culverts and bridges to avoid accidents

Grade level pedestrian crossing

Proper lighting at accident prone locations

Fauna and Flora Tree clearing within ROW has been avoided beyond what is

directly required for construction activities and or to reduce accidents

Compensatory afforestation would be done as per the directives of the forest department.

Roadside

drainage

Raising of the road in the submerged sections Locations of structures based on drainage analysis Provision of proper drainage scheme for the settlements

Employment

option

Locals will be preferred for employment during the project implementation

Vulnerable

groups

Special provisions have been made in the entitlement framework

for assisting vulnerable groups to improve their quality of life.

Loss of

livelihood The PAPs will be compensated as per National R&R policy

RAP to detail out the assistance programme to the needy

6.1.8 Key findings of the consultation

Major findings related to key issues such as general perception about the project; suggestions to

mitigate hardships resulting from dislocation and loss of livelihood are presented below:

They were not clear about the mode of compensation


116

People requested about creation of employment opportunities during road construction and

later phases of the project

Some of them asked about the tender process for the construction, as they were willing to be

part of it

People suggested that adequate safety measures to be taken

The EMP – both generic and specific has been designed to address environmental related

issues

6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT

6.2.1 METHODOLOGY

The various risks were identified and classified and based on that a questionnaire was prepared on

“5-point Likert scale”, where point 1 to point 5 varies from very low risk to very high risk respectively.

The data collection was done for the sample size of 20, through questionnaire survey. Further, this

data was compiled and analyzed using Relative Importance Index (RII) method. The analyzed risks

were ranked according to their importance of adverse impacts on highway construction project.

Figure 15: Flow Diagram of Risk Assessment


117

6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RISK

(1) Construction Risk: Most risks associated with the construction are more likely to root in contractors and subcontractors.

To keep the construction work on track, experienced contractors need to be involved in the project

as early as possible to make sound preparations for developing valid construction programs.

Machineries, delay due to rain and other causes, uncertain market conditions, contractor

productivity issues, time etc. are the risks which construction phase constitutes.

(2) Design Risk: This may result from issues such as variations in design and defective designs. The design risks arise

due to uncertainty in horizontal alignment, uncertain indirect costs and consideration of improper

basic parameters while designing. To avoid defective design, the design team needs not only to fully

understand what the clients want as defined in the project brief, but also to establish an efficient

communication scheme among the designers.

(3) Political Risk: “Excessive approval procedures in administrative government departments” and “bureaucracy of

government” are not seldom complained by clients and contractors. These risks are normally out of

the control of the project stakeholders. To attract investment within their administrative territory,

the government agencies should always make great efforts to create a friendly environment in

which the approval procedures are reduced or at least the approval time is shortened, and the

bureaucracy is minimized.

(4) Organizational Risks: Lack of skilled labour, lack in knowledge level of lead group, etc. are the example of organizational

risks. Lack of skilled labour can lead to project delays, poor workmanship, safety and liability issues.

(5) Accidental Risks: Unanticipated damage during construction is an accidental risk. Any type of accidents on

construction sites like machineries accidents, overexertion, accidental falls etc. can be disastrous for

the project.

(6) Uncertain market conditions: Uncertain market conditions usually called as “price inflation of construction materials” is identified

to be related to external environment. The price of construction materials is always changing in

response to the inflation and the relation between supply and demand in the construction material


118

market. As this risk is usually unavoidable, clients should choose an appropriate type of contract;

while contractor should always avoid using fixed price contracts to bear the risk.

(7) Time/Funds: As time and cost are always closely correlated, a lengthy schedule will undoubtedly wreck the project

cost benefit. Correlation between time and cost is a quantitative risk. In extreme cases the risk of time

and cost overruns can compromise the economic viability of the project, making a potentially

profitable investment untenable.

(8) Utilities: Utilities include: electricity, gas, water, fuel, etc. which plays a huge role in construction projects

completion; shortage of these utilities would create problems on site. For example, use of ground

water is prohibited by government agencies for highway construction projects in India.

(9) Disasters In roads & highways project, during construction and operation phases, disaster may occur due to

the following:

Floods

Earthquake

Biological Disaster or Epidemic of Human/ livestock/ crops

6.2.3 Analysis of Risks

Risk may be defined as the potential realization of unwanted consequences of an event (i.e. the

product of the probability of an event and the consequences of the event). Both the probability of

occurrence of an event and the magnitude of its consequences are thus involved. Acceptance criteria

can be established either in the form of a predefined set of “Risk Acceptance Criteria” or in the form

of “Optimum cost criteria”.

The Risk acceptance criteria are normally imposed by the authorities to reflect the willingness of

people and society to accept risks. Optimum cost criteria are Acceptance Criteria based on cost

effectiveness analysis comparing the cost of the road strengthening and protection measures against

the benefits of risk reduction. The analysis should take into account consequence of collision, such as

Damage to road

Damage to the users of the road

Inconvenience cost of society and business


119

Social losses

Damages to the environment

The risk acceptance criteria are intended to cover the aggregate probability of accident due to several

types of causes such as fire and explosion. For this project it is recommended that specific evaluation

should be carried out for:

Importance of the road connection to the public and society, to business and industry, to the

national defense etc.

Fatality risk in the case of high traffic volume

Cost effectiveness of improving the safety for the road.

The data collected through questionnaire survey was analyzed by using quantitative method of

relative importance index (RII). The RII is computed using equation:

𝑅𝐼𝐼 =∑𝑊

𝐴 𝑋 𝑁

(0 ≤ RII ≤ 1)

Where:

W-is the weight given to each risk by the respondents and ranges from 1 to 5, (where “1” is very

low risk and “5” is very high risk)

A- Is highest weight (i.e. 5 in this case) and

N- is the total number of respondents

The various risks categorized under different categories were calculated and ranked. The higher

value of RII represent significant risks affecting construction of highway project. The Table I below

shows the risks with RII value and their ranks


120

Table 24: Evaluation of Risk Analysis using RII

Risk Category Item

For each item, enter the frequency with which each response

option was observed:

Computed values, given the 5 frequency

entries:

Frequency

of "5"

responses

Frequenc

y of "4"

responses

Frequency

of "3"

responses

Frequenc

y of "2"

responses

Frequency

of "1"

responses

Total

respond

ents (N)

Weight

ed

total

RII Rank Item

Mean

Construction

Machineries 3 8 2 7 0 20 67 0.670 29 3.350

Delay due to

rain or other

causes

10 2 8 0 0 20 82 0.820 12 4.100

Natural

Hazards

(Landslides,

Earthquakes

etc.)

14 4 1 1 0 20 91 0.910 3 4.550

Uncertain

construction

market

conditions

2 6 6 4 2 20 62 0.620 32 3.100

Contractor

productivity

Issues

4 8 6 2 0 20 74 0.740 23 3.700


121

Risk Category Item




entries:

Frequency

of "5"

responses

Frequenc

y of "4"

responses

Frequency

of "3"

responses

Frequenc

y of "2"

responses

Frequency

of "1"

responses

Total

respond

ents (N)

Weight

ed

total

RII Rank Item

Mean

Time 11 3 4 1 1 20 82 0.820 11 4.100

Design

Development

around road

analysis

9 5 4 2 0 20 81 0.810 14 4.050

Uncertainty in

horizontal

alignment

5 4 9 1 1 20 71 0.710 27 3.550

Uncertainty in

access

requirements

15 3 2 0 0 20 93 0.930 2 4.650

Uncertain

indirect costs:

design,

construction,

project

management

7 6 4 3 0 20 77 0.770 18 3.850


122

Risk Category Item




entries:

Frequency

of "5"

responses

Frequenc

y of "4"

responses

Frequency

of "3"

responses

Frequenc

y of "2"

responses

Frequency

of "1"

responses

Total

respond

ents (N)

Weight

ed

total

RII Rank Item

Mean

Design errors

and omissions 9 8 3 0 0 20 86 0.860 8 4.300

Consideration

of improper

basic

parameters

6 7 2 4 1 20 73 0.730 25 3.650

Topography

Construction

in hilly region 8 9 2 1 0 20 84 0.840 9 4.200

Uncertainty in

landscaping

activities

3 5 6 6 0 20 65 0.650 30 3.250

Political

Issues related

to Govt.

permits

12 6 2 0 0 20 90 0.900 4 4.500

Other Political

or external

issues

13 4 1 2 0 20 88 0.880 7 4.400


123

Risk Category Item




entries:

Frequency

of "5"

responses

Frequenc

y of "4"

responses

Frequency

of "3"

responses

Frequenc

y of "2"

responses

Frequency

of "1"

responses

Total

respond

ents (N)

Weight

ed

total

RII Rank Item

Mean

Change in

policies 7 6 4 1 2 20 75 0.750 21 3.750

EIA Required

Natural

Obstruction:

Hills, rivers,

trees

9 5 3 3 0 20 80 0.800 15 4.000

EIA Required 7 6 4 3 0 20 77 0.770 17 3.850

Organizationa

l

Skilled Labour 6 8 4 2 0 20 78 0.780 16 3.900

Knowledge

level of lead

group

8 4 4 3 1 20 75 0.750 20 3.750

Accidental

Unanticipated

damage during

construction

6 5 5 3 1 20 72 0.720 26 3.600


124

Risk Category Item




entries:

Frequency

of "5"

responses

Frequenc

y of "4"

responses

Frequency

of "3"

responses

Frequenc

y of "2"

responses

Frequency

of "1"

responses

Total

respond

ents (N)

Weight

ed

total

RII Rank Item

Mean

Utilities

Utilities not

relocated on

time

7 4 7 1 1 20 75 0.750 19 3.750

Fuel:

availability,

price

13 3 3 1 0 20 88 0.880 6 4.400

Electricity 12 5 3 0 0 20 89 0.890 5 4.450

Minerals

Mineral

mining issues 8 6 6 0 0 20 82 0.820 10 4.100

Cost of

Minerals 7 2 9 2 0 20 74 0.740 22 3.700

Law and

order

Local

Disturbances 8 6 5 1 0 20 81 0.810 13 4.050

Climatic

condition

Unforeseen

climatic

changes

5 4 3 6 2 20 64 0.640 31 3.200


125

Risk Category Item




entries:

Frequency

of "5"

responses

Frequenc

y of "4"

responses

Frequency

of "3"

responses

Frequenc

y of "2"

responses

Frequency

of "1"

responses

Total

respond

ents (N)

Weight

ed

total

RII Rank Item

Mean

Others

Quantity:

construction,

product

4 4 7 5 0 20 67 0.670 28 3.350

Funds/ Money 14 5 1 0 0 20 93 0.930 1 4.650

Emotional

issues 3 2 4 8 3 20 54 0.540 33 2.700

Heritage

Issues 5 7 5 2 1 20 73 0.730 24 3.650


126

The relative importance index (RII) for the risk priority is calculated based on all responses for

each risk. The priority of each risk is given by the relative importance index (RII) value which is

according to the adverse impact of each risk. The risks are prioritizing according their ranks. The

priority helps to identify the most significant risks.

From analysis and results, for overall risks mainly funding, disaster management plans, obtaining

government agencies approvals, construction in hilly terrain and land acquisition impose high

risk on any highway construction project. In construction risk category delay in project impose

the high risk. Similarly, in design category errors in designing due to consideration of improper

basic parameters and in environmental category natural obstructions have the greater impact on

highway construction project. These were the significant risks which mainly cause the delay of

the project. As time and cost of the project are related, hence as the time of the project overruns

the cost also overruns and impose high risk on highway construction project.

6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The likely socio-economic impacts after incorporation of design mitigation measures comprise the

following tangible impacts:

Strip land acquisition along the project corridor,

Partial / full removal of public and private road side structures and

Relocation of public utilities and amenities

Various intangible impacts include:

Likely Gender specific impacts,

Likely impacts related to Child labour,

Safety risk to pedestrians and slow moving traffic, and

Increase in instances of transmission of HIV/AIDS to various high-risk groups such as

truckers and sex workers.

6.3.1 Loss of Land

Since no road exists in the project area, there is requirement for acquiring new land. The process

of land acquisition is under process for this road stretch. The details are as below.

Table 25: Land Requirements

Requirement Quantity Land Total Land required: 157.145 ha

Total Govt Land: 0.180 ha Total Private Land: 15.841 ha Total Forest Land:141.124 ha


127

The compensation for land acquisition shall be based on the provisions of Land Acquisition Act

2013. Compensation for diversion of forest lands shall be as per the provisions of Forest

Conservation Act 1980 (Amendments Made in 1988) if any.

6.3.2 Impact on Structures

No structures are affected.

6.3.3 Impact on Trees

The road alignment passes primarily through reserved forest area. A lot of trees require felling,

detail of it is provided in the appendix. Large number of trees/ plants nearly 5,88,35,768 nos. of

various species will be affected. The supporting are provided in annexures. The trees cut during

the process of construction shall be compensated with planting double the amount of trees cut or

pay the price as decided by the government and authorities.

6.3.4 Child Labour

Children below the age of 14 years will be restricted from getting involved in the constructional

activities and wage employment.

6.3.5 Road Safety

For road behaviour issues road safety awareness campaigns will be developed to improve the

knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of all road users through a combination of formal and non-

formal education, adult programs and mass communication activities. Community awareness

activities will be carried out by combining a series of programs such as raising general awareness

of the public. The target groups for the public education and awareness campaign are school

children, school teachers, senior citizens, roadside dwellers and shop-keepers, drivers of

motorized and non-motorized vehicles, paramedical, religious leaders.

6.3.8 Utility Relocation

No utilities are found along the project road.

6.4 MUCK DISPOSAL PLAN

Approximately 32000 cum of muck is to be disposed off per km. With this rate, for 80.425 km,

39,62,492 cum of muck is to be disposed off. Out of this 30% of muck will be utilized for crust,

side filling and raising the level of the road in fill sections. From 0+000Km to 14+000Km stretch

muck will be disposed at Point “A” to Point “E” within ROW, excess muck of this stretch will be

disposed at Point “F”. Hence the quantity of unusable muck which is to be disposed off = 70% of

39,62,492 = 27,73,744 cum. For the disposal, 5.2 Ha. of land is being requisitioned in addition to

the land required for construction of road. Location of Muck Disposal Sites totaling to 5.20 Ha. is

marked on map.


128

Table 26: Muck Disposal Details

Toong-Partem-PT4865 (84.425Km) Area Statement Muck Disposal Points

Sl No Component Wise Breakup Length(In Meter) Width(In Meter) Area(In Ha.) Remark ID Name Longitude Latitude

Revenue Area Revenue Area

1 Road New Alignment 84425 18 151.965 Muck

wiil be on road side 5 Points

2 Muck Point 1 50 5

Area included in 18m ROW

A Muck Point 1 88° 38' 44.6" E 27° 32' 57.46" N

3 Muck Point 2 50 5 B Muck Point 2 88° 38' 23.9" E 27° 32' 42.02" N

4 Muck Point 3 50 5 C Muck Point 3 88° 38' 59.19" E 27° 32' 44.9" N

5 Muck Point 4 50 5 D Muck Point 4 88° 39' 23.6" E 27° 32' 42.8" N

6 Muck Point 5 50 5 E Muck Point 5 88° 38' 8.55" E 27° 32' 4.27" N

Forest Area Forest Area

7 Muck Point 6 160 15 0.24

F Muck Point 6 88° 38' 10.8" E 27° 32' 53.49" N

8 Muck Point 7 150 15 0.23 G Muck Point 7 88° 39' 30.7" E 27° 32' 32.8" N

9 Muck Point 8 140 15 0.21 H Muck Point 8 88° 40' 30.8" E 27° 31' 37.8" N

10 Muck Point 9 140 15 0.21 I Muck Point 9 88° 40' 40.20" E 27° 31' 24.09" N

11 Muck Point 10 140 15 0.21 J Muck Point 10 88° 39' 35.7" E 27° 32' 1.30" N

12 Muck Point 11 140 15 0.21 K Muck Point 11 88° 38' 51.07" E 27° 31' 20.9" N

13 Muck Point 12 150 15 0.23 L Muck Point 12 88° 38' 56.6" E 27° 30' 19.14" N

14 Muck Point 13 140 15 0.21 M Muck Point 13 88° 38' 51.47" E 27° 30' 11.14" N

15 Muck Point 14 140 15 0.21 N Muck Point 14 88° 39' 37.11" E 27° 31' 4.9" N

16 Muck Point 15 140 15 0.21 O Muck Point 15 88° 39' 19.51" E 27° 29' 52.21" N

17 Muck Point 16 140 15 0.21 P Muck Point 16 88° 39' 39.8" E 27° 29' 56.9" N

18 Muck Point 17 140 15 0.21 Q Muck Point 17 88° 40' 36.48" E 27° 30' 29.6" N

19 Muck Point 18 140 15 0.21 R Muck Point 18 88° 42' 5.9" E 27° 30' 41.57" N

20 Muck Point 19 155 15 0.23 S Muck Point 19 88° 43' 0.13" E 27° 30' 5.6" N

21 Muck Point 20 140 15 0.21 T Muck Point 20 88° 43' 19.7" E 27° 31' 3.8" N

22 Muck Point 21 140 15 0.21 U Muck Point 21 88° 44' 27.8" E 27° 29' 51.6" N

23 Muck Point 22 140 15 0.21 V Muck Point 22 88° 44' 16.34" E 27° 30' 46.7" N

24 Muck Point 23 140 15 0.21 W Muck Point 23 88° 44' 9.12" E 27° 31' 33.46" N


129

Toong-Partem-PT4865 (84.425Km) Area Statement Muck Disposal Points

Sl No Component Wise Breakup Length(In Meter) Width(In Meter) Area(In Ha.) Remark ID Name Longitude Latitude

25 Muck Point 24 140 15 0.21 X Muck Point 24 88° 44' 49.02" E 27° 30' 32.8" N

26 Muck Point 25 150 15 0.23 Y Muck Point 25 88° 45' 40.8" E 27° 29' 38.29" N

27 Muck Point 26 140 15 0.21 Z Muck Point 26 88° 45' 11.24" E 27° 28' 56.43" N

28 Muck Point 27 140 15 0.21 A1 Muck Point 27 88° 44' 58.58" E 27° 28' 33.27" N



5.19 Ha

.

PROJECT BENEFITS


131

Chapter 7 Project Benefits

7.1 Benefits for Army Purpose

The project highway starts from the 0/000 km at Toong and ends at PT 4865 84/425 km. The

project stretch is a green field alignment (i.e., new developing road). It mainly focuses for the

movement of military troops and vehicles. The purpose for development is national security.

7.2 Employment Opportunity

Highway development project serves as an important employment generator and provide

employment opportunity during construction period.

ENVIRONMENT

MANAGEMENT PLAN


133

Chapter 8 Environment Management

Plan

8.1 Introduction

The project road is to be newly developed linking Toong to PT 4865. No doubt, this proposal roads

will bring positive economic and social impacts but during construction some negative impacts

are envisaged. The environmental impacts may be direct, indirect or cumulative, i.e., impacts on

nearby communities and the natural environment, impacts on peoples and properties falling in

the direct path of road development, impacts on people indirectly affected by way of disruption

of livelihood, impacts arising from land acquisition and resettlement, etc. EMP is the tool, which

suggests mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impact.

8.2 Project Background

The present project pertains to consultancy services for preparation of feasibility and detailed

project report (DPR) for the additional High Altitude Roads under Phase-II in the state of Sikkim

using satellite imagery.

8.3 Salient Features

The project road passes entirely through the dense jungle starting from Toong and ending

at PT 4865.

It passes through hilly and steep terrain.

No dense settlement is found. There is dense mixed jungle which will lead to felling of a

large number of trees within the ROW.

The land use pattern along the project road is characterized by highly jungle vegetation.

Table 27: Summary of Salient Features of Project Road

Feature Project Stretch

1. Existing Chainage 0.00 to 84.425

2. Length (Km) 84.425 km

3. Improvement Widening

4. Villages/Towns -

5. Borrow Areas On site (Excavated Material to be used)

6. Rivers Teesta River


134

Feature Project Stretch

8. Air Monitoring Stations Toong

Partem

PT 4865

9. Noise Monitoring Stations Toong

Partem

PT 4865

10. Water Monitoring Station Stream (4 nos)

Teesta River

11. Dump Sites Identified Dumping site as identified and detailed in

Annexure.

12. Tree to be Cut 5,88,35,768

8.4 Scope of Works

The improvement works envisaged for Toong-PT 4865 project road are:

Construction of new route

Construction of new bridges and culverts.

Construction of retaining walls, breast walls and other slope protection works.

Provision of road signs and other road furniture required for making travel on these roads safe and comfortable.

In compliance with the requirements of TOR, the consultants have undertaken a detailed

environmental study as per the prescribed standards of Government of India and have made

suitable recommendations and prepared appropriate mitigation plans. The engineering designs

of the project suitably reflect the appropriate recommendations arising out of the environmental

studies.

8.5 Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional

measures to be taken up during design, construction and operation stages of the project to

prevent/reduce environmental impacts to permissible levels including actions needed to

implement these measures. The key components are:

Mitigation of potentially adverse impacts.

Monitoring during project implementation and operation stages.


135

Institutional capacity building and training.

Implementation schedule and Environmental Cost Estimate.

Integration of EMP with projects planning, design, construction and operation.

8.5.1 Objectives of the EMP

The main objectives are to mitigate the various adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts.

The objectives at various stages of the project planning and design and implementation stages are

as follows.

Design Phase

To minimize impact on roadside trees, forests and vegetation cover.

To keep land acquisition and building demolition at a minimum.

To incorporate safety of road users and roadside communities in project design.

To provide mitigation measures to all expected environmental degradation.

To develop a design that incorporate environmental safeguards.

Construction Stage

To prevent and reduce the negative environmental impacts of the project by implemental

mitigation measures to be carried out by the contractor.

To ensure that the provision of the EMP are strictly followed and implemented by

strengthening implementation arrangement.

Operation Stage

To monitor deterioration of natural environmental components of air, water, soil, noise etc.

To improve the safety of road users and the roadside communities

8.5.2 Meeting the EMP Objectives

The following commitments are important to effectively implement the EMP and achieve the

above objectives.

Commitment to address environmental health, safety and social impacts:

To improve conditions in the areas of environmental health, safety and social impacts

measures, developed as a part of interactive process, have been suggested.

Commitment for constant dialogue with the public and interested stake holders:

Community consultations have been carried out right from inception stage of the project.

Continuous dialogue with local inhabitants and stakeholders including public agencies has


136

been undertaken to obtain their feedback. Consultations would continue throughout the

project implementation.

Commitment related to capacity building:

For effective implementation of the proposed measures, sustainable institutional

arrangements have been implemented by the CPWD. To educate and train the PIU personnel,

supervision consultant’s staff and the contractors, a training schedule has been proposed as

given in the EIA report.

Commitment to meet legal requirements:

Mandatory legal requirements and procedures are followed including conditions stipulated

by statutory authorities such as State Forest Department and Pollution Control Board.

8.6 Critical Impacts to be Addressed

The critical environmental components that will be impacted are identified in the EIA report. The

most critical issues to be addressed in EMP are described in Table below.

Table 28: Critical Environmental Issues to be Addressed

Critical Environmental Issues Locations

High Noise Level Exposure At sensitive receptors in settlements along the road length.

Removal of vegetation cover/roadside tree plantation

Along the entire road length

Landslide and soil erosion At soil erosion and landslide prone areas identified along the project road

Air Quality at sensitive receptors Hospitals, educational institutions, community and religious places

Water resources depletion and water scarcity

At community water sources (springs, mountain streams) along the road

8.7 Environment Issues and Mitigation Measures

The EMP is meant for mitigation (avoidance/reduction/management) of the negative

environmental impacts and enhancement of the positive impacts of the various environmental

components of the project. Against each proposed measure in the EMP, its location, time frame,

implementation and overseeing/supervising responsibilities are listed. The measures

adopted/to be adopted during different stages of the project are detailed in Table below.


137

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Sl. No.

Environmen

tal Issue Management Measures

Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

DESIGN/ PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Pre-construction activities by Project Implementation Unit

1 Alignment

D.1.

1

Critical

sections/

settlements

Provision of service roads to separate the settlements along the road from through traffic

Provision of footpaths on sides for preventing pedestrians to use the road

Provision of large concrete drains on both sides with cover

Improvement of intersections with VUPs Design the road with minimum effect on structures

and trees Raising of the road at the submersible locations Bus stops at suitable locations for all settlements

Not Required Technical

specifications


D.1.

2

Open areas The speed of the alignment is 20 kmph Throughout the

stretch

Technical

specifications


2 Land

D.2

.1 Land

Acquisition The acquisition of land and properties (Govt. /private) will be carried out in accordance with the Rehabilitation Action Plan as prescribed by Govt. of Sikkim, as per the entitlement framework for the project and ROW of 18m

Corridor of Impact LA Act 1984 and its

Amendments, R&R

Policy

EMU of CPWD,

Revenue

Dept., NGOs,

EMU of CPWD


138

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

CPWD has to ascertain that any additional environmental

impacts resulting from additional acquisition of land shall be

addressed and integrated into the EMP and other relevant

contract documents.

Collaborating

Agencies

P.2.

2

Quarries and

Borrow areas Material from hill cutting for road widening will be

used in place of borrow materials. Existing licensed quarry that are already in

operation and having environmental clearance shall be used for road construction

If any new quarry to be opened by the contractor guidelines of MoEF shall be followed.

At borrow area

location suggested

by Contract

Agreement

(Hill Cutting)

Technical

specifications


3 Water

P.3.

1

Water

sources Use of existing community water sources shall be

prevented Care to be taken to avoid river pollution during

bridge construction

Provision of clear waterway for the rivers while designing bridges to avoid submergence.

All rivers/ surface

water bodies that

can be used in the

project

(Teesta river and

the streams found

in the project

stretch)

Technical

specifications


D.3.

2

Road

drainage Provision for adequate number of CD structures to

avoid ponding of water

Provision of covered concrete drains on both sides in built up areas

Provision of earthen drains on both sides in open areas

Raising of the road in submersible areas

As per project road

plan and section

Technical

specifications



139

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

4 Flora and Fauna

D.4.

1

Preservation

of Trees As far as possible maximum efforts to minimize the

list of trees proposed to be felled by suitable on the spot adjustment of engineering designs at the time of execution.

No tree to be cut beyond the toe line

Trees along the


within the proposed

ROW

MoRTH 201.2

Guideline-1


Supervision

Consultants and

EMU of CPWD

D.4

.2 Road side

plantation Trees will be removed from the Corridor of Impact

before the actual commencement of the construction work to prevent traffic problems and accidents. No construction activity and tree felling should be simultaneously taken up in any location of the package, which has not been cleared by the regional C.C.F. Sikkim or the MoEF Govt. of India for any reason what so ever.

Loss of road side trees to be made good by

compensatory afforestation. Identification of

incidental spaces for plantation of trees.

Trees along the


within the proposed

ROW

MoRTH 201.2

Guideline-1


Supervision

Consultants and

EMU of CPWD

D.4

.3 Fauna to be

affected

Passage provided for crossing the road. Trees along the


within the proposed

ROW

MoRTH 201.2

Guideline-1


Supervision

Consultants and

EMU of CPWD

5 Environmental quality

D.5.

1

Air Quality Pollution resistant tree plantation scheme/ barrier proposed

Avenue/ Road side

Plantation along the

project corridor

Technical

specifications



140

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

Better road conditions will improve speeds resulting in efficient use of fuel and thus reduce air pollution

D.5.

2

Noise level Improved traffic speeds and riding qualities will reduce noise pollution

Provision of signages like “No Horn” for sensitive location

Throughout the

road corridor and

service road in

built-up sections

Technical

specifications


6 Utilities

D.6.

1 Relocation of

Community

Utilities and

Common

Property

Resources

All CPRs (common property resources) such as stand posts, bore wells, wells, ponds, water supply lines, sewage lines, drainage systems, optical fibre cables, telephone and television cables together with electric power supply lines shall have to be removed and relocated outside the corridor before commencement of the road improvement activity.

Throughout the

corridor

RAP document of

APSRP. EMU of CPWD, Concerned

Agencies, Contractor

EMU of CPWD

D.6

.2 Relocation of affected Cultural and Religious Properties

Religious structures, statues, mandaps and boundaries coming within the RoW has to be demolished after alternate sites are selected for relocation of the structures where total replacement is necessary in consultation with the management committee /trustee /Endowment authority and after disbursement of due compensation amount under the active support and cooperation of local administration as these are very sensitive issues warranting special attention. No such structures be destroyed or removed and relocated without the knowledge and consent of interested parties and location decided after the involvement of local civil and police administration. These activities must be completed

Throughout the

corridor

Annexure (List of

CPRs) EMU of CPWD,

NGOs, Contractor Supervision

Consultant EMU

of CPWD


141

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

before commencement of the physical road improvement activity in that part of the package.

7 Environmental safety

D.7

.1

Accidents Design improvements to road geometry

Footpath provided for pedestrians to avoid

pedestrian being hit by road vehicles

Metal crash barriers provided at high embankments

and sharp curves

Provision of adequate sight distance at curves and

road junctions

Provision of signages at the reduced speed spots and

settlements, sensitive receptor locations such as

schools, hospitals and at known accident spots

Throughout the

corridor

D.8 Orientation

of

Implementing

of Agency and

Contractor

A comprehensive training/ orientation schedule has been

prepared at different stages 0.000 km


142

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

P.9 Location of

crushers,

HMP, WMM

plant, BMP

etc.

Shall be sited sufficiently away from the settlements, agricultural operations, and commercial establishments i.e at least 500 away

Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all such sites and approval shall be obtained before setting up the plant

Arrangement to control dust pollution through provision of wind screens, sprinklers and dust encapsulation will have to be provided at all sites.

Specifications of crushers and hot mix plants will comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations and NOC for all such plants shall be submitted

At all construction

site location

(0.000 km)

Contractor CPWD

P.1

0

Other

construction

vehicles

All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured and brought to site for construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms and the manufacturer’s specifications. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to.

Noise limits for construction equipments such as compactors, rollers, front loaders concrete mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators and saws will not exceed the value specification the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

The equipment proposed to be used for bridge and culvert construction and must be checked and certified fit, especially with respect to the potential leakage of oil and grease.

The inspection should verify that: � Equipment is clean (free of mud, dirt and oil) � Equipment is in good working order.

Throughout the

project road/ At all

construction site

location

(0.000 km)

Contractor CPWD


143

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

� A drip pan is available for equipment that will be stored on site. � Concessionaire has a spill kit � Operator is trained on the refueling, maintenance and emergency spill. � A logbook will be maintained documenting all fuelling and maintenance events (date, time, location, condition of site, weather conditions, amount of fuel on maintenance event, issues). � Adequate inspections will be conducted during the construction period

P.11 Arrangement

of

construction

water

The Contractor will use ground water / surface water as a source of water for the construction after taking prior permission from Competent Authority.

The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will be used.

To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the Contractor will extract water from fixed locations and consult the Environment Expert before finalizing the locations. The contractor will not be allowed to pump water from any irrigation canal and surface water bodies used by the community. The contractor is required to comply with the requirements of the State Ground Water Department and seek its approval for doing so and submit copies of the permission to Environment Expert of AE & CLIENT

All rivers/ surface

water bodies that

can be used in the

project

Contractor CPWD


144

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

P.1

2

Site selection

for disposal of

unsuitable

materials

Contractor shall identify sites away from the project area

where unsuitable materials (debris, solid waste) generated in

the course of the construction can be safely disposed off. Such

locations shall be inspected by the Environment Expert of

Authority Engineer and approved in consultation with the

CLIENT before construction work starts.

At proposed muck

disposal sites

Contractor CPWD

P.1

3

Construction

camp

location,

design and

layout

Sitting of the construction camps will be as per the guidelines below:

Locations of construction camp to be identified by the Contractor.

Construction camps will not be proposed within 500 m from the nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community. Location for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1000m from water sources.

The waste disposal and sewage system for the camp will be designed, built and operated such that no odour is generated.

Unless otherwise arranged by the local sanitary authority, arrangements for night soils (human excreta) disposal approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Environmental Expert will have to be provided by the Contractor.

At all construction

site location

(0.000 km)

Contractor CPWD

P.14 Labor

Requirements The contractor preferably shall use unskilled labor drawn

from local areas to provide maximum benefit to the local

community especially to the SC and ST population along the

corridor.

At all construction

site location

(0.000 km)

General conditions

of Contract

Document


Expert of CPWD


145

Sl. No.

Environmen


Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


Monitoring

P.15 Orientation of

Implementing

Agency and

Contractors

The CPWD shall organize orientation sessions and regular

training sessions during all stages of the project. This shall

include on-site training (general as well as in the specific

context of a sub-project). These sessions shall involve all staff

of Environmental Cells, field level implementation staff of

CPWD, Environmental Experts of Supervision Consultant

and Contractors.

Major towns and

villages

(Toong, 0.000 km)

Contract Document EMU/ EMU of

CPWD Environmental

Expert of CPWD

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Sl. No. Environmental


Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Activities to be Carried Out by the Contractor

C.1 Soil

c.1.1. Soil erosion Turfing and pitching shall be done on the embenakments, slopes and shoulders for preventing soil erosion

Stepping to done in the rivers with high bed slopes.

Along the project

corridor (open

section)

Technical

specifications and

drawings


Expert of CPWD

C.1.2 Borrow soil Material excavated from hills to be used for road construction wherever required. Operation of separate borrow areas will be avoided as far as possible

At all borrow area

locations

suggested for the

Contractor

Agreement

Technical

specifications and

drawings


Expert of CPWD


146



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

(Hill Cutting)

C.1.3 Loss of top soil Top soil will be stripped to specified depth and stored in a stockpile to specified height. It will be spread back at the places of rehabilitation or where required for turfing

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.1.4 Transportation of

excavated earth Where vehicles carrying excavated earth pass

through the villages, transportation will be done in such a way that it causes least inconvenience and nuisance to nearby people

The unpaved village roads used for the haulage of excavated earth will be maintained properly.

Precautionary measures like covering of vehicles will be taken to avoid spillage and to reduce dust nuisance during transport of materials.

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

c. 1.5 Compaction of

soil Compaction shall be done for the embenkmanet in

layers Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.1.6 Quarries The Quarry material will be procured only from licensed

quarries operating under environmental clearances,

including transportation of quarry material clearances

under the Air Act.

Safety precautions will be ensured during transportation of

quarry material from quarries to the construction sites

Stockpiling of material will be properly planned so as to

ensure smooth traffic flow on the highway.

All quarries as

approved in the

Contract

agreement

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


147



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.1.7 Sand River sand will not be used. Instead stone dust will be used.

Stone dust will be procured from licensed quarries

operating under environmental clearance. During

transportation trucks will be covered to prevent dust

nuisance

From quarries as

approved in the

Contract

agreement

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


soil from fuel and

lubricants

Soakage pits along with oil and grease traps will be provided around fuel storage areas.

Construction vehicles and equipments will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil.

Fuel storage and refueling sites will be kept away from drainage channels and important water bodies.

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


soil from

construction

wastes and quarry

materials

Cutting and filling will be carried out as per design

Surplus earth, will be dumped at identified locations as approved by the SC / CLIENT. All spoils will be disposed off as directed.

The construction wastes (debris) will be dumped at selected locations identified for the purpose and as approved by the SC/CLIENT

Site will be fully cleaned before handing over and no surplus material will be left within ROW

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.2 Water

C.2.1 Water bodies Impact on surface watercourses (rivers and streams) would

be minimized throughout by control over construction

works.

Water Bodies

mentioned in

Table 1

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


148



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.2.2 Other water

sources

Community water sources shall not be used during

construction period for which independent water source

will be constructed by the contractor.

Any community water source lost incidentally will be

replaced /compensated

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD

C.2.3 Drainage and

runoff

At cross drainage structures, the earth, stone or any other

obstructing construction material will be removed and

properly disposed of so as not to block the flow of water any

time.

To concrete drains

and CD structures

as proposed

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


water from

construction waste

Construction and locations of plant & machinery

close to the streams and water bodies will be

avoided, especially during monsoon period.

Soak pits will be provided at construction site to

prevent wastewater from entering into rivers and

streams.

All waste arising from the project will be disposed

off as per SPCB norms, so as not to block the flow

of and contaminate water.

Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to

approved disposal sites.

Throughout the

project corridor

MORTH

specifications


Expert of CPWD


water from fuel

and lubricants

To avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants,

the vehicle and equipments will be properly

maintained and refueled.

Vehicle maintenance and refueling in construction

camps will be confined to areas with traps

oil/grease to prevent wastewater from entering into rivers and streams.

Throughout the

project corridor


149



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring


waste

disposal in

construction

camps

Construction camps will be constructed as per the

lay out plan approved by SC/CLIENT

The construction camps will be located away from

habitations (500 m), at identified sites.

The sewage system for such camps will be properly

designed and built so that no water pollution of any

stream or watercourses takes place.

The workplace will have proper medical approval by local medical, health or municipal authorities.

At camping sites

C.2.7

Use of water for

construction

The contractor will make independent arrangements for

water required for construction in such a way that the water

availability and supply to nearby communities remain

unaffected.

Suitable locations for water harvesting structures to be

provided by the contractor are identified.

Wastage of water during construction will be minimized

and use properly controlled.

All rivers/ surface

water bodies that

can be used in the

project

(Teesta River and

streams along the

project corridor)

C3 Air

C.3.1 Emission from

construction

vehicles and

machinery

All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the SPCB norms.

The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least 500 m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement.

Regular monitoring of Air will be conducted as described in Environmental Monitoring Plan.

Throughout the

project corridor


150



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.3.2 Dust and nuisance The hot-mix plants, crushers and batching plants will be sited at least 500 m downwind from the nearest habitation and covered with dust trapping hoods.

Water will be sprayed at cement mixing sites, earth mixing sites and asphalt mixing sites and on temporary access roads and diversions.

Vehicle delivering material will be covered.

End boards in loaders will be provided to prevent spillage.

Throughout the

project corridor

C.4 Noise levels

C.4.1 Noise from

vehicle,

asphalt plants and

equipments

The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to CPCB noise standard.

Properly sizing and maintaining mufflers, engine intake silencers, engine enclosures, turning off idle equipment.

To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, workers exposed to excessive noise will be given earplugs, helmets, etc. Keeping men working at noisy sites on shift to avoid constant exposure to noise for long hours.

In construction sites within 500 m of human settlements, noisy construction will be avoided between 10.00 p.m. and 6.00 a.m.

Regular monitoring of Noise level as described in Environmental Plan

Throughout the

project corridor

C.4.2 Noise from

blasting

operations

No blasting is required Throughout the

project corridor


151



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.5 Flora and Fauna

C.5.1 Loss of damage to

vegetation

Trees lost will be replaced just before the beginning of the construction according to Compensatory Afforestation Policy of State Forestry Department.

Apart from trees ear marked for felling no additional tree felling will be carried out Compensatory planting to be done as per DFO

In open areas

where avenue

plantation space

provision is made

C.5.2 Damage to

vegetation

All construction vehicle movement and parking locations

will be such as to prevent damage to roadside vegetation

Throughout the

project corridor

C.5.3 Damage to

trees/vegetation

by

workers

Contractor to ensure prevention of damage to vegetation and trees and their use by workers. Contractor should supply fuel for all needs during construction, to prevent use of vegetation and trees for fuel.

Contractor shall water the plants planted within ROW

Throughout the

project corridor

C.5.4 Loss, injury or

disruption to

fauna

Construction workers will be directed not to poach upon fauna.

Hunting will be strictly prohibited.

Throughout the

project corridor

C.6 Safety and accidents

C.6.1 Accident risks

from construction

activities

To ensure safe construction of the temporary accesses during construction, safety devices will be installed.

Traffic rules and regulation will be strictly adhered to.

At blasting sites, the blasting time, signal and guarding will be regulated. Prior to blasting, the

Throughout the

project corridor

especially at

intersections and

settlements


152



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

site will be thoroughly inspected and information given to public.

Safety of workers undertaking various operations during construction will be protected by providing helmets, masks, safety goggles, hand gloves and rubber boots etc.

First aid kits shall be provided at construction site for workers meeting minor accidents during construction

C.6.2 Health issue At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply will be maintained to avoid waterborne/water-related/ water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene of workers.

Adequate drainage, septic tanks and soak pits and wastewater disposal will be provided at workplace.

Preventive Medical care will be provided to workers.

Throughout the

project corridor

C.6.3 Movement of

existing traffic

Traffic management will be affected

through

a. Gate system

b. Diversion along existing alternative routes

c. Proper signage

Not required

C.7 Environmental Enhancement


153



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.7.1 Roadside

landscape

development

Roadside plantation and grassing, bioengineering

measures to improve aesthetics

In open sections as

proposed

C.7.2 Roadside

amenities

Provision of bus shelters, bus bays and rest places as per standard design will be carried out.

Road furniture including marker posts, crash barriers, traffic signs, speed zone signs, rumbling strips etc. will be constructed and erected as per design.

As per contract

agreement

C.7.3 Community

properties

Community properties, located away from the project road should not be disturbed by construction activity, workers camps and contractors work areas Community properties coming in the COI will be relocated in consultation with the local community.

Construction camps /Blasting sites and all allied construction activities shall be located away from the cultural properties such that it is not affected.

Not required

C.7.4 Environmental

Awareness

Environmental Awareness Campaigns to be conducted in

the project area during construction period

Major towns and

villages

(Toong, 0.000 km)

C.8 Site Clearance

C.8.1 Clearing and

Grubbing Vegetation will be removed from the construction

zone before commencement of construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other that those identified for cutting is minimum.

Throughout the

project road

MoRTH

201.2Guideline-1

(Guidelines for

arrangement with


EMU of CPWD


154



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will be removed with prior approval from the Environmental Expert.

The Concessionaire, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project will be cut only after receiving permission from the Forest Department.

Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm measured at a height of 1.0 m above the ground will be considered as trees and shall be compensated.

Forest

Department)

C.8.2 Generation of Debris from dismantling structures and

road surface

Debris generated due to the dismantling of the side of

existing road for pavement rehabilitation will be suitably

reused in the

proposed construction, subject to the suitability of the

materials and approval of the Engineer and Environment

Expert as

follows:

The existing base and sub-base material shall be recycled as sub-base for the haul road or access roads

The Concessionaire will suitably dispose off unutilized debris materials at predesignated disposal locations, subject to the approval of the Environmental Expert. .

The Concessionaire will ensure that the surface area of such disposal pits is covered with a layer of soil.

All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance,

Proposed Muck

Sites

Guide lines of Pollution Control

Board.


EMU of CPWD


155



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

dismantling and clearing debris, will be planned and implemented by the Concessionaire as approved and directed by the Environmental Expert.

The pre-designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Concessionaire in consultation with the Environment Expert and Engineer of the AE

C.8.3 Other

Construction

Wastes Disposal

including Fly Ash

The Environmental Expert will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the Contractor.

Non- bituminous wastes may be dumped in borrow pits (preferably located in barren lands) covered with a layer of the soil

No new disposal site shall be created as part of the project, except with prior approval of the Environment Expert. All waste materials will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Expert before handing over.

All waste material will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environment Expert before handing over.

Proposed Muck

Sites

Guide lines of Sikkim Pollution

Control Board.


EMU of CPWD

C.8.4 Stripping,

stocking and

preservation of top

soil

Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handing will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or vegetation.

It will be ensured by the Contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for

At all construction

material storage

areas

MoRTH: 301.3.2,

MoRTH: 301.7,

MoRTH: 301.3.3,

MoRTH: 305.3


EMU of CPWD


156



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

Covering all disturbed areas including borrow areas

Top dressing of the road embankment and fill slopes

In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily. Residual topsoil, if there is any will be utilized for the plantation.

Guidelines – 3


C.8.5 Accessibility The contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road, providing temporary connecting road. The contractor will also ensure that the existing accesses will not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions and to the prior satisfaction of Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant.

The contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work over the adjacent cross roads are taken up one after the other, so that traffic movement in any given area does not get affected much.

Throughout the

project road Contractor Environmental

Expert of S C,

EMU of CPWD

C.8.6 Planning for

Traffic Diversions

and Detours

• The Contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers at night as a part of traffic control plans. The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/ detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • The Contractor will also inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from AE and CLIENT.

Throughout the project road

MoRTH: 112 and its amendments Guidelines 7 (Guideline for traffic management during construction)


Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD


157



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.9 Procurement of Construction Material

C.9.1 Earth from

Borrow Areas for

Construction

No borrow area will be opened without permission of the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. The location, shape and size of the designated borrow areas will be as approved by the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant and in accordance to the IRC recommended practice for borrow pits for road embankments (IRC 10: 1961). The borrowing operations will be carried out as specified in the guidelines for setting and operation of borrow areas.

- MoRTH: 305.2

Guidelines – 3



EMU of CPWD

C.9.2 Quarry

Operations The contractor will develop a Comprehensive Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy to Client and AE prior to opening of the quarry site. The quarry operations will be undertaken within the rules and regulations in force

At quarries and

crushing units as

per the state

approved quarry

provided in the

estimates

MoRTH:111.3 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD

C.9.3 Transporting

Construction

Materials and Haul

Road Management

Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries as précised. All vehicles delivering goods subject to susceptible to be blown by wind during the vehicular movement to avoid spilling and air pollution.

It shall be the responsibility of the contractor or his agent, sub-agents, sub-contractors, petty contractor, material suppliers whose vehicles use the highways and other roads for transportation of construction materials, to keep the roads clear from any dust, sand, soil, aggregates fallen from the transport vehicle.

All roads used for

haulage of

construction

materials


Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD


158



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression on all such roads and surfaces where dust generation is a major problem.

The unloading of all materials at construction sites should

be limited to day time only for safety and avoiding

accidents. Screens of hessian cloth, agro net and such other

barricading material are to be erected along all

construction, dumping and stockpiling sites under use, so

that the generation of the dust in the vicinity of such

locations can be minimized to great extent.

C.9.4 Construction Water Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own cost. The Contractor will submit a list of such source/s from where water will be used for the project to AE and Client.

The Concessionaire will source the requirement of water

preferentially from ground water but with prior permission

from the competent authority/ authorities, if required. A

copy of the permission will be submitted to AE and Client

prior to initiation of construction.

The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the

wastage of water in the construction process/ operation

Throughout the

project road

Guideline 11 (Guidelines for

quarry material)


EMU of CPWD

C.9.5 Drainage &

Flood Control

• The Concessionaire will ensure that construction materials like earth, stone are disposed off so that it does not block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross drainage channels. • The Concessionaire will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water flow. In addition to the design requirements, the Concessionaire will take all required measures as

Construction

sites of cross

drainage work

MoRTH:305.3.7

MoRTH:306

Annexure 3.3

Annexure 3.4


EMU of CPWD


159



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

directed by the Environmental Expert of AE to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area, if any.

C.10 Construction Work

C.10.1 Disruption to

Other Users of

Water

While working across or close to any perennial water bodies, contractor will not obstruct/ prevent the flow of water.

Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in dry season and if such activity is likely to constraint or impact the community water body connected to such streams adequate prior information will be provided to such community for making a suitable arrangement that may lead to peaceful and uninterrupted use of the resource during the time of construction activity.

Throughout the

project road

MoRTH:304.3.2 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD

C.3.3 Siltation of Water Bodies and Degradation of Water Quality

Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter of any water body (including wells) adjacent to the RoW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to commencement of earthwork and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-section of the road.

The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in truck lay

Construction sites

of cross drainage

work

MoRTH: 306

Annexure 3.5 (Silt Fencing)


EMU of CPWD


160



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

byes, which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels with a fall exceeding 1.5 m.

Contractor will ensure that construction materials

containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such

that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby

water bodies.

C.10.4 Slope Protection

and Control of Soil

Erosion

The contractor will construct slope protection works as per design, or as directed by the Environmental Expert of SC to control soil erosion and sedimentation through use of dykes, sedimentation chambers, basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices as will be necessitated according to the local conditions.

All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works and

maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to the

earth work or other items of work and as such no separate

payment will be made for them. Contractor will ensure the

following aspects:

After construction activities of road embankment, the side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with stone pitching, grass and shrub as per design specifications.

Turfing works will be taken up as soon as possible, provided the season is favourable for the establishment of grass sods. Other measures of slope stabilization will include mulching, netting and seeding of batters and drains immediately on shrub and bushes at 30cm interval from line to line across the slope and sprinkling of water on such slopes after completion of the earth work.

At bridge

approaches;

High embankment

sections (Low

Lying areas)

MoRTH: 305.2.2.2

MoRTH: 306.2

Guideline 8

(Guideline for soil erosion and sedimentation control)


EMU of CPWD


161



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

In borrow pits, the depth shall be regulated so that the sides of the excavation should not be stepper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of the bank.

Along sections abutting water bodies, stone pitching as per design specification will protect slopes. All such stone pitching should have a filter layer to prevent scouring and unsettlement of the pitched surface when the water label recedes.

Refer Guidelines-8 for soil erosion and

sedimentation. C.11 Labour Camp Management

C.11.1 Accommodation Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other

Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp.

The location, layout and basic provision of facilities at each labour camp site will be submitted to SC and EMU of CPWD prior to their setting up in the field for approval.

The construction of camps will only commence after the written approval from the EMU. In consultation and concurrence of the Environmental Expert and SC.

The contractor will maintain necessary living

accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and

hygienic manner as per the suggestions and guidance

provided by the environment expert and SC.

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD


162



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

C.11.2 Potable Water Provision for supply of potable water to all camp sites in the package will have to be in place in such a manner that the sources are free from pollution and contamination. With proper drainage, platforms, storage facility and sanitation measures in position to see that the surplus and waste water flow does not stagnate or create un healthy atmosphere around camp as well as the surrounding agricultural fields, water sources and habitation.

Ground water recharging provision through setting up of

soak pits away from such water supply system to discharge

the waste water shall have to be made by the contractor at

each camp site whether the same is over Govt. or private

land.

The Contractor will also provide availability of potable water within the precincts of every workplace in a cool and shaded area which is easily accessible as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.

The contractor will ensure the fulfilment of the following conditions at all work places for the benefit of worker:

e) Adequate supply of potable water (as per IS) in every workplace/labour camp site suitably located on high ground and dry place which is easily accessible and regularly maintained for health and hygiene to prevent contamination and communicable diseases.

f) All such storage facilities of drinking water will be on raised platform for drainage and safe storage above at least 1m ground above ground to facilitate its use..

g) As far as possible shallow well should not be used as potable source of water unless there is any constraint

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD


163



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

for boring of tube wells. In all such cases of potable water from open wells, irrespective of its location from polluting environment, regular dis-infection of the water source by application of lime, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate solution have to be ensured at weekly /fort nightly interval. However it should be safe to provide water purifier units in such locations to prevent water borne diseases, where power supply and storage water facility is available.

h) All open wells should be covered with a trap door, to facilitate disinfections of water sources while mini hand pumps may be set up to draw water from such wells and prevent accidental contamination /accidental fall into such wells besides avoiding dust and filth from the adjacent road entering the well for which a safe drainage channel encircling the open well should be mandatory to prevent inflow of polluted water from outside.

g) The trap door will be kept locked and opened only for cleaning or inspection, which will be done at least once in a month to be monitored and recorded by the camp in charge at each place.

h) Water quality testing of all potable water sources will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991, by sample testing of the water periodically.

Environmental Expert of SC will be required to inspect the

labour camp once in a week to ensure health and hygienic

of the work force.


164



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring


Sewage System The contractor will ensure that -

The sewage system for the camp are designed, built and operated in such a fashion that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses takes place.

Separate toilets /bathrooms /latrines, wherever required, are to be provided for women workers separately with specific signage indicating its exclusive use by them.

All such facilities must have adequate water supply with proper drainage and disposal facility.

All toilets in workplaces are to be located with covered screen walls and of dry earth system which are to be maintained, cleaned and disinfected daily using strong disinfectants. The location of such provisions should not be affecting the air surface water and ground water of the locality or the agricultural fields near by either during summer or rains.

For lavatory purposes the use of portable latrines

system are to be brought under use and the night soil

so collected has to be disposed of at designated septic

latrines, so as to prevent pollution of the workplace

and surrounding areas.

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD

C.11.4 Waste Disposal The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Environmental Expert of SC.

No night soil should be disposed of at any place other than

the septic tank constructed for the workers at the camp site

At all camp site

location


EMU of CPWD


165



Approximate

Location Reference

Document

Responsibility

Planning and


/Monitoring

by ensuring the use of portable latrines system mounted on

wheels and fitted with temporary water sealed containers

to store the night soil, which shall be emptied at the nearest

septic tank facility of any camp site.

C.12 Contractor’s Demobilization and Decommissioning of Established Setup

C.12.1 Clean-up

Operations,

Restoration and

Rehabilitation

Contractor will prepare site restoration plans, which will be approved by the Environmental Expert of SC. The clean-up and restoration operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage, night soils and POL, as per Comprehensive Waste Management Plan and as approved by SC and accepted by the EMU.

All disposal pits or trenches will be filled in disinfected and effectively sealed off. Residual topsoil, if any will be distributed or spread evenly on adjoining/ proximate barren land or affected agricultural land adjacent to the RoW that has been impacted on account of accidental spillage, drainage or erosion of the construction materials as will be identified and suggested by Environmental Expert of SC not below the thickness of 75 mm.

All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-

side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching

plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project

will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to

the entire satisfaction of the land owner in case of private

land and to the best satisfaction of the Environmental

Expert of SC as well as the site engineer.

At all

construction site

location


Expert of SC,

EMU of CPWD


166

OPERATION STAGE



Reference

Document

Responsibility


OPERATION STAGE

O.1 Monitoring

Operation

Performance

• The PIU will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project. • The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility of enhancement provision for relocated utilities, hand pumps and other relocated structures if any; status of rehabilitation of borrow areas; and noise barriers, which are proposed at different locations.

At the specific

locations

(Mainly at plant

sites, construction

locations)

EMU of CPWD

The Forest and

Biodiversity wing of EMU of

CPWD

EMU of CPWD

O.2 Maintenance of

Drainage CPWD will ensure that all drains (side drains, median drain and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding without damaging the spurs and check dams erected to stabilize the course and flow of all such drainage channels.

CPWD will ensure that all the sediment /oil and grease

traps set up at the truck and bus lay bye are cleared once

in every 3 months.

Throughout the

project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD

O.3 Pollution Monitoring The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality,

noise level, water (both ground and surface water)

quality, soil pollution/contamination are to be

continued at pre-designated locations and if necessary

at additional locations for comparative study of pre and

post-operative data in order to ensure further

improvement /modification in the design

/methodology CPWD may appoint specific pollution

monitoring agency for such study or carry it out as per

At regular intervals

of 5 km/ built-up

sections

EMU Environment expert

Pollution Monitoring

Agency

EMU of CPWD


167



Reference

Document

Responsibility


the suggestion /recommendation of the statutory

authority, (SPCB).

O.4. Soil Erosion and

Monitoring of

Borrow Areas

Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion at

borrow areas, quarries (if closed and rehabilitated),

embankments and other places expected to be affected,

will be carried out before monsoon, during monsoon

and after winter rains to regularly record and monitor

the effectiveness of such structures at monthly intervals

for the 1st three years during and after completion of

project, so as to evaluate the beneficial effects of each

type of activity together with the cost involved for

adoption of most effective structures in other areas of

road improvement to check soil erosion.

Throughout the


o.5 Monitoring of

survival rate of

plantation in PRoW

Every year there will be monitoring for the survival rate

of plantation in the PROW for the first five years before

on set of monsoon. A minimum survival of 85% will be

maintained. Any loss will be made up by fresh

plantation.

Throughout the


O.6 Changes in Land Use

Pattern EMU of CPWD shall take initiative to move and motivate the Govt. as a facilitator in preparing an action plan to encourage balanced congestion free hygienic environment friendly activity on either side of the developed highway during and after completion of the project. This is to avoid irregular, ugly, unhygienic

Throughout the

project road EMU of CPWD,

Local Planning Authorities,

EMU of CPWD


168



Reference

Document

Responsibility


and destructive ribbon development, close to the road corridor which adversely affects agricultural and water harvesting capabilities and drainage system of the area. The department may strive for effective promulgation of some legislation and guidelines, controlling such unbridled activity, which are self-destructive and distress full for the poor farmers and drainage on the State’s Economic Resources.

A land use-zoning map may be developed, under which up to a particular distance from the RoW of the alignment especially in new bypass stretches, no development will be allowed.

Necessary hoardings along the corridor need be

provided in shape of permanent structures to warn and

advise encroachers against such activity under punitive

action such as forfeiture of the structures and belonging

without prior notice besides punitive legal action in the

court of law barring any stay over such action by the

state from any court of law. Budgetary provisions are

to be made to control the ribbon development along

project road.

Revenue Department and Local Civic Bodies

EMU of the CPWD & Revenue Department,

Town planning Authority

EMU of CPWD

O.7 Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR)

As part of CSR, the following provisions are suggested :

• Undertaking regular road safety, HIV/AIDs, health awareness campaigns • Assistance to improve skills for income generation to community people • Development of schools, health cares, dispensaries or public facilities

Not required EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD


169



Reference

Document

Responsibility


• Workshops/Training to farmers in order to impart the knowledge to use modern methods and tools for farming • To ensure that the contractors provides all necessary amenities and facilities for the workers at construction camps/work sites and no employment of child labour is practiced at site

O.8 Contamination from

accidental spills • The spills at the accident sites will be cleared immediately • The left over spills will be scraped and reclaimed to small lined confined pits at the identified sites.

Throughout the


O.9 Dust generation • Roadside tree plantations will be protected from dust and well maintained. • Afforestation, turfing, water sprinkling shall be carried out by O&M agency at sites of dust generation

Throughout the


O.10 Air Generation • Vehicle emission of critical pollutants parameters (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2 and NO2,) will be monitored on critical locations • Roadside tree plantation will be protected and maintained. • Regular maintenance of road will be done to ensure good surface condition

Throughout the


O.11 Noise Pollution • It shall be monitored At regular intervals

of 5 km/ built-up

sections

EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD

O.12 Water • The roadside drainage system will be periodically cleared of blockage.

All water bodies

along the project

road (as mentioned

in Table 1)



170



Reference

Document

Responsibility


O.13 Flora and Fauna • The success of the replantation scheme will be monitored

Throughout the

project road/

Avenue plantation

section


O.14 Safety measures • Traffic management plan will be developed, especially for congested locations • Traffic control measures including speed limits, signages at sensitive receptors will be enforced strictly. • Further growth of encroachment within the ROW will be controlled.

Throughout the



171

Table 29: Environment Monitoring Plan

Environmental Component

Project Stage

Monitoring Institutional Responsibility Parametres Location (ch.) Frequency Standards Approximate

Cost Rs. Implementation Supervision

Air Construction Stage

PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO

1. Hot mix plant concrete mixing plant construction site (1 location) 2. Other Four locations at major settlements




SC, PIU, NHAI

Operation Stage PM2.5, PM10SO2, NOx, CO





NHAI

Water Quality Construction Stage


At Construction Camp, labour camp and other surface and groundwater




SC,PIU, NHAI

Operation Stage PH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Oil& Grease,

At streams and rivers




NHAI

Noise Levels Construction Stage



24 hours continous, once every season for


5x3000x3x3= 135000 Contractor through approved monitoring

SC, PIU, NHAI


172

Environmental Component

Project Stage

Monitoring Institutional Responsibility Parametres Location (ch.) Frequency Standards Approximate

Cost Rs. Implementation Supervision

3 years

agency

Operation Stage Equivalent noise levels




5x3000x2x3= 90,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency

NHAI

Soil Construction Stage

pH, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases



Soil Standard ICAR


SC, PIU, NHAI

Operation Stage pH, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases



Soil Standard ICAR


SC, PIU, NHAI

Environment Awareness

Construction Stage

At major villages to be carried out by a reputed NGO.

For three year

As per course content and calendar approved by NHAI

2,00,000 NGO (YMA) NHAI

Flora Operation Stage At least 75% survival rate of trees

Entire stretch For three years after plantation

- 19629x500=9814500 NHAI, Forestry Department

NHAI, Environment and Forest Department (GOM)

Mobilisation during construction and operation Stages 10,000 x 2 = 20,000 Total Monitoring cost 1125000

* 1 % of Afforestation cost


173

1. Air Quality Test – Rs. 5,000 per station per day 2. Water Quality Test – Rs. 5000 per sample

3. Noise Test – Rs. 3000 per station per day


174

8.8 Environmental Management Budget

The estimate shows that the approximate cost of the Environmental protection measures to

reduce the adverse impacts and to enhance the existing environment budget is 1156 crores as per

given in Table 16:

Table 30: Environmental Budget

S. No

Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Cr)

MITIGATION COST

1 Compensatory Afforestation @ 1:2 in lieu of 5,88,35,768 trees cut

117671536 100.00 1100.00

2 Oil interceptors at camp site along the road 10 10000.00 0.01

3 Management and Closure of dumping sites LS 0.4


MONITORING COST

1 Air Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

75 5000.00 0.037

2

Water Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years(3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

75 5000.00 0.037

S. No

Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs)

3

Noise Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

75 3000.00 0.022

4

Soil Analysis, Twice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)

50 3000.00 0.015


ENHANCEMENT COST

1 Environmental Training LS 0.015

2 Environmental awareness LS 0.01

Enhancement Cost ( C ) .025

ENVIRONMENTAL COST



Enhancement Cost (C) .025

Sub Total 1100.77

Contingency @5% 55.03

TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL COST 1155.8

1156 crores

Rupees One thousand one hundred fifty six Crores Only

DISCLOSURE OF

CONSULTANT


176

Chapter 9 Disclosure of Consultant

Global Management and Engineering Consultants International (GMEC INTERNATIONAL) is an

ISO 9001:2008 certified , multi-disciplinary engineering, design and Consultancy Company

founded in 2013 is a respected specialty company, actively partnering with our customers to

provide innovative and sustainable technical and management solutions that help creating

sustainable and long term solutions for our customers and society.

GMEC experts all focused first and foremost on providing tangible customers value and service

that offers non-compromised, quality engineering work following the latest developments in

technology and applying the most appropriate and beneficial solutions to Clients, Society and

Environment.

GMEC was formed with a vision to become a market leader in the industry. The focus of the

company is to become a total service provider to Civil, Environmental, Mechanical, Industrial

Engineering , Construction & Project Management.

The companies scope of work for Environmental Department includes:

Environmental Impact Assessments / Environmental Management Plans /

Environmental Audits

Environmental Baseline Monitoring for Air, Meteorology, Water, Soil, Noise, Ecology

Socio-Economic and Demography

Industrial Emission Source Monitoring

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Water resources & Irrigation

Water Supply & Sanitation Engineering

Risk Assestment & Disaster Management Plans

Occupational Health & Safety, Industrial Hygiene

Offshore Sampling & Analysis of Marine Water & Sediments

Marine Ecological Studies

Marine Impact Assesstment

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Studies

Land Use/ Land Cover Studies based on remote Sensing

Due Diligence Studies

Environmental Engineering

Design & Operation of Sewerage Treatment Plant, Effluent Treatment Plant & Waste

Water Treatment Plant


177

12.2 Laboratory

The sampling and analysis of various air, noise, water and soil samples has been carried out by

GMEC International, s per procedure and guidelines of Central Pollution Board and requirements

of MoEF. The study periods were the months of February-March 2018.

12.3 Project Team

The project team members involved in this project are:

Table 31: TEAM MEMBERS FOR EIA EVALUATION

Sl. No. Name Expertise Organization

1 Dr. Meena Bhaduri EIA Coordinator,

Air Quality Modelling &

Prediction, Socio-Economic,

Hydrology, Ground Water &

Water Conservation Expert

GMEC

2 Mr. Yogesh Poonia Air & Water Pollution

Preservation & Control

GMEC

3 Mr. Om Prakash Kumar Solid Waste and Hazardous

Waste Management

GMEC

4 Dr. Alok Pandey Ecology and Biodiversity,

Solid Waste and Hazardous

Waste Management Expert

GMEC

5 Mr. R. N Gupta Noise/Vibration, Risk

Assessment & Hazardous

Management Expert

GMEC

6 Dr. S. R Bhakar Soil Conservation Expert GMEC

7 Mr. Gauri Shanakar Narayan Land Use, Geology Expert GMEC

8 Ms Kamod Rathore Ecology and Biodiversity

Expert

GMEC

GMEC has been approved by QCI NABET for EIA Consultant Organization vide letter

NABET/EIA/1619/IA-007. The EIA Report prepared has complied with the ToR and the data

submitted is factually correct.